Extraction, Physicochemical Properties, Anti-Aging, Thiab Antioxidant Activities ntawm Polysaccharides Los ntawm Industrial Hemp Residues Part 1
Jul 10, 2023
Abstract: Ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm hemp polysaccharides nyob rau hauv industrial hemp residues (IHR) tom qab cannabidiol extraction, ua rau cov khoom pov tseg. Yog li, txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm hemp polysaccharides yog qhov zoo rau kev txhim kho IHR yav tom ntej. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no, lub extraction ntawm industrial hemp residue polysaccharides (IHRPs) tau optimized los ntawm ib tug ib-factor sim thiab orthogonal sim tsim. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws cua kub extraction tej yam kev mob yog extraction kub 98 ◦C, solid-liquid ratio 1:10, extraction lub sij hawm 1 h, tus naj npawb ntawm successive extractions ntawm 2, thiab pH ntawm 4. Cov extraction ratio thiab cov ntsiab lus polysaccharide yog 20.12 ± 0.55 feem pua thiab 12.35 ± 0.26 feem pua ntawm cov xwm txheej, feem. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov dej cawv zoo tshaj plaws tau tso dej nrog 2 L / h, nplawm tas li, thiab da dej dej khov rau 4 teev. Cov IHRPs nyoos tau raug purified ntxiv los ntawm kem chromatography thiab cov polysaccharide/protein cov ntsiab lus ntawm purified IHRPs yog 34.44 feem pua thiab 1.61 feem pua. IHRPs feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm kaum monosaccharides thiab qee yam tsis muaj qab zib xws li cov organic acids, flavonoids, steroids, thiab glycosides. FT-IR qhia txog cov pob txha polysaccharide ntawm IHRPs. Tsis tas li ntawd, DPPH thiab ABTS kev tshem tawm ntawm IHRPs yog 76.00 feem pua thiab 99.05 feem pua ntawm cov concentrations ntawm 1 mg / mL. IHRPs tuaj yeem txhawb nqa cov hlwb epidermal proliferation thiab kho ntawm cov khawb ntawm tes. Lub caij no, IHRPs tuaj yeem txhawb kev qhia txog kev tiv thaiv kev laus txog cov noob. Zuag qhia tag nrho, IHRPs tuaj yeem yog qhov xav tau ntawm cov khoom siv antioxidants thiab cov khoom siv los tiv thaiv kev laus hauv ntau yam.
Glycoside ntawm cistanche tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm ntawm SOD hauv plawv thiab daim siab cov ntaub so ntswg, thiab txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm lipofuscin thiab MDA hauv txhua cov ntaub so ntswg, tshem tawm ntau yam reactive oxygen radicals (OH-, H₂O₂, thiab lwm yam) thiab tiv thaiv DNA puas. los ntawm OH-radicals. Cistanche phenylethanoid glycosides muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cov dawb radicals, muaj peev xwm txo tau ntau dua li cov vitamin C, txhim kho cov haujlwm ntawm SOD hauv cov phev ncua, txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm MDA, thiab muaj qee yam kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov phev ua haujlwm. Cistanche polysaccharides tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm SOD thiab GSH-Px hauv erythrocytes thiab ntsws cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov nas senescent sim los ntawm D-galactose, nrog rau txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm MDA thiab collagen hauv lub ntsws thiab ntshav, thiab nce cov ntsiab lus ntawm elastin, muaj Cov nyhuv scavenging zoo ntawm DPPH, ncua lub sijhawm ntawm hypoxia hauv cov nas senescent, txhim kho cov haujlwm ntawm SOD hauv cov ntshav, thiab ncua lub physiological degeneration ntawm lub ntsws hauv kev sim cov nas nrog cellular morphological degeneration, kev sim tau pom tias Cistanche muaj peev xwm antioxidant zoo. thiab muaj peev xwm los ua ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab kho cov kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij laus. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, echinacoside hauv Cistanche muaj lub peev xwm tseem ceeb los tshem tawm DPPH dawb radicals thiab tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov pa oxygen reactive, tiv thaiv dawb radical-induced collagen degradation, thiab kuj muaj kev kho zoo ntawm thymine dawb radical anion puas.
Nyem rau rou cong rong cov txiaj ntsig
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Ntsiab lus: industrial hemp; polysaccharide; rho tawm; kev ua haujlwm antioxidant; kev tiv thaiv kev laus
1. Taw qhia
Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), tshuaj ntsuab txhua xyoo ntawm tsev neeg Cannabis, tau siv ntau txhiab xyoo [1]. Cov ntsiab lus tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) ntawm kev lag luam hemp yog tsawg dua 0.3 wt feem pua, uas txawv ntawm cov yeeb tshuaj xas kho mob thiab tshuaj maj ua si [2,3]. Yog li ntawd, kev lag luam hemp tuaj yeem raug cai cog qoob loo ntawm qhov loj. Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm kev lag luam hemp yog qhov nyuaj heev, suav nrog cannabinoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, thiab flavonoids [4]. Qhov feem ntau bioactive tebchaw yog cannabinoids uas muaj ntau tshaj 130 terpene phenolic tebchaw uas feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub paj saum [5]. Cov cannabinoids loj yog THC, cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinol (CBN), cannabigerol (CBG), cannabidivarin (CBDV), cannabidiol (CBT), thiab cannabicyclol (CBL) [6]. Ntawm lawv, THC, ib qho kev puas siab puas ntsws txwv nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws, thiab CBD yog cov feem ntau kawm cannabinoids rau lawv cov bioactivities tseem ceeb [7], xws li neuroprotective, antiepileptic, anticancer, thiab immunoregulatory kev ua ub no [8]. Lub hav zoov ntawm cov tebchaw no nce qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam hemp. Tam sim no, kev lag luam hemp tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam tshuaj niaj hnub, khoom siv, lub zog, thiab tshuaj [9]. Kev kho tam sim no ntawm kev lag luam hemp residues (IHR) yog ncaj qha muab pov tseg, uas tsis yog tsuas yog ua phem rau ib puag ncig xwb tab sis kuj ua rau cov khoom pov tseg [10].
Polysaccharide yog ib qho polymer uas muaj ntau tshaj 10 monosaccharides [11]. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws lom macromolecules. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, ntau cov ntawv tau tshaj tawm tias lub ntuj polysaccharides los ntawm cov nroj tsuag muaj cov dej num zoo, xws li tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob [12], tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob [13], antioxidant [14], immunomodulatory [15], hypoglycemic [16], thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. [17]. Cov molecular muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab spatial qauv ntawm polysaccharides feem ntau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau lawv cov khoom thiab kev ua ub no [18]. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev sib cais, kev ua kom huv, thiab kev tshuaj xyuas cov txheej txheem ntawm polysaccharides, feem ntau lees txais tias polysaccharides muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev siv tshuaj, tshuaj pleev ib ce, thiab zaub mov [19]. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm polysaccharides los ntawm kev lag luam hemp residues yog kwv yees li 10% -15 feem pua. Hemp polysaccharides muaj ntau yam zoo heev physicochemical zog vim hais tias lawv muaj ntau ntawm hydrophilic hydroxyl, xws li muaj zog dej-absorption muaj peev xwm, emulsifying zog, thiab zoo film-forming muaj peev xwm. Lub caij no, hemp polysaccharides muaj cov dej noo khaws cia, tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom. Yog li ntawd, lawv muaj ntau daim ntawv thov kev cia siab nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj pleev ib ce. Cov khoom fermented ntawm hemp polysaccharides (oligosaccharides lossis qee cov qab zib cawv), uas tau tshaj tawm tias muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antioxidant zoo, tiv thaiv kev laus, thiab tiv thaiv kev qaug zog, tau siv los tsim cov dej qab zib ua haujlwm [20]. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm hemp polysaccharides yog qhov nyuaj thiab nws txawv ntawm monosaccharides mus rau 5 × 104 Da polysaccharides.
Muaj ob peb daim ntawv qhia txog kev sib cais thiab rho tawm ntawm hemp polysaccharides. Hillestad et al. cais ob glycoproteins los ntawm hemp. Cov qauv kev sib txuas ntawm cov saw glucoside thiab kev sib txuas ntawm cov saw hlau thiab cov protein tau txheeb xyuas los ntawm cov tshuaj methylation thiab Smith degradation [21]. JW Groce et al. ntsuas cov ntsiab lus carbohydrate ntawm hemp cog hauv Tebchaws Meskas, Thaib, thiab Nyab Laj raws li. Nws tau taw qhia tias qhov sib txawv loj muaj nyob rau hauv hom thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tebchaw ntawm cov cultivars los ntawm ntau qhov chaw [22]. Zheng et al. txheeb xyuas cov monosaccharide muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov qauv ntawm HSP0 thiab HSP0.2, ob yam khoom ntawm hemp noob polysaccharide, los ntawm HPLC thiab FT-IR. Nws tau pom tias HSP0 thiab HSP0.2 ob leeg muaj sulfate radicals [23]. Ib et al. tau ob lub noob hemp polysaccharides HS1 thiab HS2 los ntawm gel filtration chromatography. Lub ntsiab monosaccharides yog D-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose, thiab D-glucose, thiab lawv cov molar ratios yog 0.12, 0.09 , 0.15, 0.11, thiab 0.12, ntsig txog [24]. Guo et al. npaj polysaccharides los ntawm kev lag luam hemp nplooj thiab kawm txog cov teebmeem ntawm ultraviolet lub teeb, kub, thiab pH ntawm lawv cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Nws tau pom tias qhov tsawg kawg nkaus bactericidal concentration thiab yam tsawg kawg nkaus inhibition concentration ntawm polysaccharides tiv thaiv S. aureus yog 6.25 thiab 3.125 mg / mL, raws li. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj tua kab mob yog qhov siab tshaj plaws thaum pH yog 7.
Hauv txoj kev tshawb no, IHR tom qab kev rho tawm cannabidiol tau siv los ua cov khoom siv raw rau polysaccharides extraction. Cov txheej txheem rho tawm thiab lim dej ntawm cov khoom siv hemp residue polysaccharides (IHRPs) tau ua kom zoo dua. Tom qab ntawd cov qauv thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm IHRPs raug tshuaj xyuas. Tsis tas li ntawd, ABTS thiab DPPH scavenging peev xwm ntawm IHRPs raug soj ntsuam. Nws txoj kev tiv thaiv kev laus kuj tau kawm ntawm qib cellular. Nws cia siab tias IHRPs tuaj yeem siv dav hauv cov tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab cov khoom noj ua haujlwm.
2. Cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev sib tham
2.1. Ib qho Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb rau IHRPs
2.1.1. Cov teebmeem ntawm Extraction Method ntawm Polysaccharide Extraction
Cov teebmeem ntawm percolation extraction, cua sov extraction, thiab ultrasonic-pab extraction ntawm polysaccharide extraction yog qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab 1a. Nws tuaj yeem pom tias cov ntsiab lus polysaccharide ntawm percolation extraction yog ze rau 0 feem pua, uas qhia tau hais tias yuav luag tsis muaj polysaccharide raug rho tawm thiab cov extract feem ntau muaj cov xim thiab lwm yam dej-soluble Cheebtsam. Cov txiaj ntsig tau yog vim qhov kev tshem tawm percolation tau maj mam thiab lub cell phab ntsa ntawm IHR tsis raug tawg. Yog li, cov polysaccharides tsis tuaj yeem muab rho tawm los ntawm cov hlwb, uas ua rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm polysaccharide thiab rho tawm piv ntawm percolation extraction tsawg heev. Lub extraction piv ntawm cov cua kub extraction yog siab dua li ntawm ultrasonic-pab extraction. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntsiab lus polysaccharide ntawm cov cua sov rho tawm (11.27 feem pua) yog qis dua li ntawm ultrasonic-pab extraction (13.81 feem pua). Kev rho tawm cua sov yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau siv cov txheej txheem rho tawm vim yog cov txheej txheem yooj yim thiab tus nqi qis. Txawm li cas los xij, lub sij hawm ntawm cov cua kub extraction yog ntev heev thiab cov extraction piv tsis siab. Extraction kub feem ntau muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau qhov sib piv ntawm qhov rho tawm. Qhov sib piv ntau dua ntawm kev rho tawm cua sov hauv txoj haujlwm no yog vim tias cov cua kub rho tawm tau ua tiav ntawm 98 ◦C thaum lub ultrasonic-pab extraction tau ua ntawm 60 ◦C. Ultrasonic-pab extraction tuaj yeem txo lub sij hawm rho tawm vim tias cov nyhuv cavitation thiab cov nyhuv tshuab tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov phab ntsa ntawm tes, txhim kho kev nkag mus ntawm cov kuab tshuaj, thiab ua kom cov hloov pauv ntawm polysaccharides mus rau qhov hnyav [25]. Yog li, cov ntsiab lus polysaccharide ntawm ultrasonic-pab extraction yog siab dua li ntawm cov cua kub rho tawm. Cov cua kub rho tawm tau xaiv rau cov kev sim hauv qab no muab cov txheej txheem simplicity thiab industrialization.
2.1.2. Cov teebmeem ntawm Extraction Kub ntawm Polysaccharide Extraction
Cov teebmeem ntawm kev rho tawm kub ntawm polysaccharide extraction tau pom nyob rau hauv daim duab 1b thaum cov khoom-kua piv yog 1:10, lub sij hawm rho tawm yog 1 h, tus naj npawb ntawm cov extractions successive yog 2, thiab pH yog 7. Cov extraction ratio thiab polysaccharide cov ntsiab lus ob leeg. nce nrog qhov nce hauv qhov kub thiab txias. Thaum qhov kub thiab txias yog 98 ◦C, qhov siab tshaj plaws extraction piv thiab cov ntsiab lus polysaccharide yog 14.99 feem pua thiab 12.03 feem pua.
2.1.3. Cov teebmeem ntawm Khoom-kua piv ntawm Polysaccharide Extraction
Thaum lub extraction kub yog 98 ◦C, lub sij hawm rho tawm yog 1 h, tus naj npawb ntawm successive extractions yog 2, thiab pH yog 7, cov teebmeem ntawm cov khoom-kua piv ntawm polysaccharide extraction tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv daim duab 1c. Cov extraction piv tau nce zuj zus nrog cov khoom-kua piv ntawm 1: 6 mus rau 1: 10, thiab tom qab ntawd ua kom du. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntsiab lus polysaccharide yuav luag tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua kua. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj yuav cia li submerge cov ntaub ntawv raw thaum cov khoom-kua piv yog 1: 5 vim hais tias ntawm qhov tsawg ntom ntawm nplooj nplooj. Yog li, qhov sib piv ntawm cov kua-kua ntawm 1: 6 tau kawm feem ntau.
2.1.4. Cov teebmeem ntawm pH ntawm Polysaccharide Extraction
Thaum lub extraction kub yog 98 ◦C, lub sij hawm extraction yog 1 h, tus naj npawb ntawm successive extractions yog 2, thiab solid-kua piv yog 1:10, cov teebmeem ntawm pH ntawm polysaccharide extraction tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv daim duab 1d. Thaum cov tshuaj tau acidized los yog alkalified maj mam, cov extraction piv tau zoo tuaj rau qee qhov. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntsiab lus polysaccharide tau txo qis nrog qhov nce hauv pH, uas qhia tau hais tias acidic mob tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev rho tawm ntawm IHRPs.
2.1.5. Cov teebmeem ntawm Extraction Time ntawm Polysaccharide Extraction
Thaum lub extraction kub yog 98 ◦C, pH yog 7, tus naj npawb ntawm successive extractions yog 2, thiab solid-kua piv yog 1:10, cov teebmeem ntawm lub sij hawm extraction ntawm polysaccharide extraction tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv daim duab 1e. Qhov sib piv ntawm cov extraction txo qis me ntsis thaum lub sij hawm rho tawm ntau tshaj 1 h. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntsiab lus polysaccharide yuav luag tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm lub sijhawm sib txawv.
2.1.6. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Tus lej ntawm Kev Ua tiav Kev Ua tiav ntawm Polysaccharide Extraction
Thaum lub extraction kub yog 98 ◦C, lub sij hawm rho tawm yog 1 h, pH yog 7, thiab solid-liquid ratio yog 1:10, cov teebmeem ntawm ob peb successive extraction ntawm polysaccharide extraction tau qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab 1f. Qhov kev rho tawm piv tau poob rau 5.11 feem pua thaum cov khoom siv raw tau muab rho tawm zaum ob. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntsiab lus polysaccharide tsawg heev thaum cov khoom siv raw tau muab rho tawm thib peb.
2.2. Orthogonal Experimental Design of Extraction rau IHRPs
It could be seen that extraction temperature, solid–liquid ratio, number of successive extractions, and pH had a great influence on polysaccharide extraction based on the single-factor experiments. Therefore, the orthogonal experiments were carried out to further optimize the extraction conditions. As shown in Table 1, the order of effect of individual factors on polysaccharide extraction was: extraction temperature > several successive extractions>solid-liquid ratio > pH. Pab pawg 5 (Tej-kua piv yog 1: 8, tus naj npawb ntawm cov extraction txuas ntxiv yog 3, qhov kub ntawm qhov rho tawm yog 80 ◦C, thiab pH yog 4) muaj cov ntsiab lus polysaccharide siab tshaj plaws (12.79 feem pua) thaum pawg 9 (Cov kuab-kua piv yog 1. : 10, tus naj npawb ntawm cov extraction txuas ntxiv yog 2, qhov ntsuas kub yog 98 ◦C, thiab pH yog 4) muaj cov ntsiab lus polysaccharide thib ob siab tshaj plaws (12.26 feem pua). Xav txog kev siv hluav taws xob thiab kev ua haujlwm, qhov kev sib piv validation ntawm pawg 5 thiab 9 tau ua los txiav txim siab qhov tsim nyog tshaj plaws ntawm kev rho tawm. Raws li tau pom hauv Table 2, cov kev sim tshuaj xyuas tau pom tias cov ntsiab lus polysaccharide ntawm pawg 5 thiab 9 yog ze heev. Yog li, txhawm rau txuag hluav taws xob, kev rho tawm ntawm pab pawg 9 raug xaiv los rho tawm IHRPs rau nws siv hauv cov kev sim hauv qab no: cov khoom siv-kua piv yog 1:10, qhov kub ntawm qhov rho tawm yog 98 ◦C, cov naj npawb ntawm cov extraction txuas ntxiv yog 2, thiab pH yog 4.
2.3. Kev tshuaj ntsuam ntawm IHRPs Dej Cawv Dej Cawv
Lub IHRPs extraction tov tau txais raws li cov txheej txheem extraction optimized los ntawm 2.2. Cov teebmeem ntawm cov dej cawv sib txawv tau pom nyob rau hauv Table 3. Piv nrog rau ib zaug ntxiv thiab nplawm rau 0.5 h, twj thiab nplawm tsis tu ncua tuaj yeem txhim kho cov ntsiab lus polysaccharide ntxiv. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov txias txias ntawm cov ntsiab lus polysaccharide tsis pom tseeb. Yog li ntawd, cov dej cawv nag lossis daus ntawm pawg 4 tau raug xaiv rau kev npaj ntawm IHRPs.
2.4. Polysaccharide yield thiab tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm Purified IHRPs
Cov IHRPs nyoos tau decolorized thiab purified los ntawm activated carbon adsorption, membrane filtration, kem chromatography, thiab sevage method, feem. Raws li pom hauv daim duab 2, kev kho mob nrog 8 feem pua ntawm cov pa roj carbon adsorption muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws decolorizing nyhuv, ua raws li kev kho kab chromatography. Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj kev selvage thiab membrane filtration yuav luag tsis muaj decolorizing nyhuv. Xav txog kev lag luam thiab kev yooj yim ntawm cov txheej txheem, kem chromatography nrog anion pauv resin tau siv los ntxuav IHRPs hauv phau ntawv no. Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li tau pom nyob rau hauv Table 4, IHRPs qhov hnyav yog 15.26 g thaum purification tau ua tom qab dej cawv, thaum IHRPs qhov hnyav yog 12.74 g thaum purification tau ncaj qha tom qab cua sov rho tawm. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseeb polysaccharide qhov hnyav ntawm ob txheej txheem yog ze heev (4.69 g thiab 4.38 g). Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau txuag nqi, kem chromatography purification tuaj yeem nqa ncaj qha tom qab cua sov rho tawm.
2.5. FT-IR Spectroscopy ntawm IHRPs
Qee cov yam ntxwv ntawm polysaccharides tuaj yeem raug suav hais tias raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov siab ntawm FT-IR [26]. FT-IR spectrum ntawm IHRPs tau pom nyob rau hauv daim duab 3 thiab kev nqus ntawm polysaccharide tuaj yeem pom. Lub ncov nyob ib ncig ntawm 3378 cm-1 raug ntaus nqi rau -OH stretching vibration, qhia lub hav zoov ntawm -OH [27]. Lub ncov tsis muaj zog ntawm 2932 cm-1 yog CH stretching vibration, nrog rau kev vibration ntawm -CH2 thiab -CH3 [28]. Lub ncov muaj zog ntawm li 1600 cm−1 yog hais txog -C=O stretching vibration [29], thiab lub ncov nyob ib ncig ntawm 1413 cm−1 yog denoted rau lub CO stretching vibration, qhia lub hav zoov ntawm -COOH. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub ncov muaj zog heev ntawm 1080 cm-1 feem ntau cuam tshuam rau OH dabtsi yog khoov kev co. FT-IR spectrum ntawm IHRPs tau nthuav tawm ntau tus yam ntxwv nqus cov ncov ntawm polysaccharides, ua kom pom cov pob txha polysaccharide ntawm IHRPs.
2.6. Monosaccharide Composition Analysis ntawm IHRPs
Lub bioactivity ntawm polysaccharides feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog monosaccharide compositions. Hauv txoj kev tshawb no, cov monosaccharide muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm IHRPs tau txais los ntawm ion chromatography raws li pom nyob rau hauv daim duab 4. Raws li cov qauv monosaccharide, IHRPs muaj xws li fucose, arabinose, rhamnose, galactose, qabzib, xylose, ribose, galacturonic acid, guluronic acid, thiab glucuronic acid. Lawv qhov feem pua zoo yog 1.33, 19.60, 10.41, 20.87, 27.42, 4.23, 3.12, 6.22, 0.28, thiab 2.37 raws li. Nws tuaj yeem pom tias arabinose, rhamnose, galactose, thiab qabzib yog cov monosaccharides tseem ceeb hauv IHRPs. Glucose yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm monosaccharide hauv IHRPs thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau zoo ib yam nrog kev kawm dhau los [30]. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm uronic acid tuaj yeem ua rau polysaccharides tsis zoo. Qhov txiaj ntsig no tau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau bioactivities ntawm polysaccharides [31]. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntsiab lus polysaccharide ntawm IHRPs yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 30 feem pua thiab 35 feem pua. Cov khoom uas tsis yog qab zib yog cov organic acids, flavonoids, steroids, thiab glycosides. Lub caij no, cov ntsiab lus ntawm txhua yam tsis muaj qab zib yog qhov tsawg.
2.7. Kev tshawb nrhiav Antioxidant Activity
Lub peev xwm ABTS thiab DPPH dawb radical scavenging muaj peev xwm tau kawm ntau los soj ntsuam cov kev ua haujlwm antioxidant ntawm polysaccharides [32]. Lub peev xwm scavenging ntawm IHRPs tawm tsam ABTS thiab DPPH yog tso tawm nyob rau hauv Table 5. Raws li tau nthuav tawm hauv Table 5, qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm DPPH thiab ABTS ob qho tib si nce nrog qhov nce hauv IHRPs concentration. Thaum qhov concentration ntawm IHRPs yog 1.0 mg/mL, DPPH scavenging tus nqi yog 76. . Tom qab kev xam, EC50 qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ABTS thiab DPPH raug txiav txim siab li 0.34 thiab 0.47 mg/mL. Rau peb txoj kev paub, tsis muaj ntawv qhia txog kev ua haujlwm antioxidant ntawm IHRPs. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob antioxidant ntawm inflorescences los ntawm 12 Cannabis sativa L. monoecious cultivars tau kawm [33]. Ntawm lawv, pineapple muaj qhov ua kom muaj zog tshaj tawm tsam DPPH (EC50=60.00 µg/mL) thaum Kc-Virtus muaj qhov muaj zog tshaj tawm tsam ABTS (EC{19}}.77 µg/ mL). Hais txog kev ua haujlwm antioxidant ntawm cannabidiol-tag nrho cov spectrum roj, nws tau tshaj tawm tias nws cov DPPH EC50 yog 158.0 µg / mL [34]. Tsis tas li ntawd, DPPH EC50 ntawm CBD tau tshaj tawm tias yog 0.937 mM [35]. Cov dawb radicals scavenging muaj peev xwm ntawm CBDV kuj tau kawm, piv txwv li, ABTS EC50 yog 406.3 µM thaum DPPH EC50 yog 3736 µM [36]. Cov txiaj ntsig saum toj no tau qhia tias IHRPs pom muaj cov haujlwm antioxidant zoo
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