4.2. Hauv Vitro Propagation

Nyob rau hauv vitro propagation, los yog micropropagation yog ib tug variant ntawm vegetative hom ntawm propagation ua tiav siv cov nroj tsuag derived explants cultivated nyob rau hauv aseptic nyob rau hauv vitro mob [87]. Nws muaj peev xwm tsim tau ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas yuav tshawb tau rau extraction muaj nuj nqis metabolites thaum txo cov overexploitation ntawm cov tsiaj qus thiab endangered hom [88]. Kev siv cov nroj tsuag sib txawv (cov nroj tsuag micro-propagated) yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua thaum lub bioactive molecule tsuas yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag tshwj xeeb lossis cov ntaub so ntswg (xws li cov roj tseem ceeb). Lwm qhov zoo dua ntawm kev siv cov nroj tsuag hauv vitro-propagated yog txuam nrog lawv cov kev ruaj ntseg thiab siab dua yields ntawm cov metabolites theem nrab. Kev siv cov kab lis kev cai hauv vitro tso cai rau kev tsim khoom ywj pheej ntawm kev txwv raws caij nyoog thiab kev cais tawm sai thiab muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm lub hom phiaj bioactive molecule, nrog rau kev ntseeg siab thiab kev kwv yees ntawm ntau lawm [25].

Glycoside ntawm cistanche tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm ntawm SOD hauv plawv thiab daim siab cov ntaub so ntswg, thiab txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm lipofuscin thiab MDA hauv txhua cov ntaub so ntswg, tshem tawm ntau yam reactive oxygen radicals (OH-, H₂O₂, thiab lwm yam) thiab tiv thaiv DNA puas. los ntawm OH-radicals. Cistanche phenylethanoid glycosides muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cov dawb radicals, muaj peev xwm txo tau ntau dua li cov vitamin C, txhim kho cov haujlwm ntawm SOD hauv cov phev ncua, txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm MDA, thiab muaj qee yam kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov phev ua haujlwm. Cistanche polysaccharides tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm SOD thiab GSH-Px hauv erythrocytes thiab ntsws cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov nas senescent sim los ntawm D-galactose, nrog rau txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm MDA thiab collagen hauv lub ntsws thiab ntshav, thiab nce cov ntsiab lus ntawm elastin, muaj Cov nyhuv scavenging zoo ntawm DPPH, ncua lub sijhawm ntawm hypoxia hauv cov nas senescent, txhim kho cov haujlwm ntawm SOD hauv cov ntshav, thiab ncua lub physiological degeneration ntawm lub ntsws hauv kev sim cov nas nrog cellular morphological degeneration, kev sim tau pom tias Cistanche muaj peev xwm antioxidant zoo. thiab muaj peev xwm los ua ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab kho cov kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij laus. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, echinacoside hauv Cistanche muaj lub peev xwm tseem ceeb los tshem tawm DPPH dawb radicals thiab tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov pa oxygen reactive, tiv thaiv dawb radical-induced collagen degradation, thiab kuj muaj kev kho zoo ntawm thymine dawb radical anion puas.

Nyem rau ntawm cistanche Chemist warehouse

【Yog xav paub ntxiv:george.deng@wecistanche.com / WhatApp:86 13632399501 】

Qee cov kev tshawb fawb tau taw qhia qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev nthuav tawm hauv vitro hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev tsim cov tshuaj bioactive. Goyal et al. (2013) pom tias lowbush blueberry clones tau los ntawm micropropagation tso tawm ntau dua flavonoid thiab phenolic cov ntsiab lus piv rau cov uas tsim los siv cov qauv ntawm propagation [89]. Cov kev tshawb pom zoo sib xws tau tshaj tawm hauv Ziziphora senior L. los ntawm Dakah li al. (2014) [90]. Cov kws sau ntawv pom tias nyob rau hauv vitro-propagated tsob nroj rho tawm ntawm Ziziphora senior L. pom muaj zog radical scavenging ntau dua li cov nroj tsuag qus. Lawv kuj tau piav qhia qhov txawv txav ntawm qhov kev ntxhov siab uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsim kho hauv vitro kab lis kev cai lossis kev muaj cov nroj tsuag kev loj hlob regulators, uas tuaj yeem muaj kev cuam tshuam rau polyphenol ntau lawm [90]. Huperzia serrata, ib qho tshuaj ntsuab tseem ceeb hauv Suav kab lis kev cai, paub tias tsim cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig, Huperzine A (HupA). Huperzia serrata extracts tau los ntawm cov nroj tsuag micro-propagated pom muaj zog antioxidant. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tsim tawm ntawm HupA tseem qis dua hauv cov nroj tsuag micro-propagated dua li cov tsiaj qus. Hypericin cov ntsiab lus tom qab tau nce hauv Hypericum hookerianum micro-propagated tsob nroj rho tawm hauv kev sib piv nrog cov extract generated los ntawm cov nroj tsuag qus [91]. Nyob rau hauv vitro kab lis kev cai ntawm Salvia officinalis, abietane diterpene tsuas yog kuaj pom hauv cov kab lis kev cai tua tab sis tsis nyob hauv cell suspensions, calluses, lossis cov hauv paus plaub hau [92]. Txawm hais tias qhov saum toj no, qee zaum, phenolic muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab kev ua haujlwm antioxidant tuaj yeem qis dua hauv cov nroj tsuag micro-propagated piv rau cov tsiaj qus, xws li hauv Cichorium pumilum Jacq [93], Caralluma tuberculata [94], thiab Alocasia longiloba Miq [95] .

4.3. Callogenesis thiab Cell Suspensions

Nroj tsuag qhia qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev loj hlob plasticity rau kev sib txawv ntawm tes, vim nws yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov noob hlwb. Vim yog cov cuab yeej zoo no, cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem tsim cov cell tsis sib xws, hu ua calluses, hauv kev teb rau ib puag ncig kev txwv, feem ntau yuav cuam tshuam cov kab mob lossis kev puas tsuaj rau lub cev [96]. Kev tsim kab lis kev cai Callus feem ntau yog nyob rau ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hlwb. Qhov no tuaj yeem txhais tau tias yog cov txheej txheem uas cov laus lossis cov hlwb tshwj xeeb poob lawv cov cwj pwm txawv thiab dhau los ua menyuam yaus (differentiated) [97].

Los ntawm lawv cov kev hloov mus rau cov kua nruab nrab, callus kab lis kev cai clumps tuaj yeem desegregate rau hauv me me, sib sau ua ke, lossis txawm tias tib lub hlwb, uas yog cov kab lis kev cai ntawm tes raug tshem tawm. Ib qho callus feem ntau yog heterogeneous. Cell suspensions yog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm bioactive compounds [97,98]. Cell suspensions encompass ib homogeneous cell pej xeem, uas tsim ib yam nkaus thiab ceev as-ham thiab cog kev loj hlob regulators. Lawv kuj tau yooj yim haum rau ntau lub tswv yim biotechnological xws li elicitation, precursor pub, thiab bioconversion los yog biotransformation, nrog rau cov khoom loj hauv bioreactors (scale-up) [7]. Ntau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov nroj tsuag-derived bioactive tebchaw tau tsim los siv callogenesis thiab cell suspension technologies, uas feem ntau tau txais los ntawm kev siv cell suspensions [98]. Lub ntsiab PDBCs uas tau tsim los siv cov kev ncua ntawm tes yog Echinan 4 P, Acetos 10 P, Teoside 10, thiab Teupol 50 P [99,100].

Ntau cov kev tshawb fawb tau tshaj tawm txog kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov xovtooj ntawm tes rau kev tsim cov tshuaj bioactive uas xav tau. Piv txwv li, ginsenoside ntau lawm tau los ntawm Panax quinquefolium cell suspensions tsim nyob rau hauv ib qho MS nruab nrab nyob rau hauv muaj 1 mg / L ntawm 2.4-Dichlorphenoxyacetic acid thiab 0.25 mg / L ntawm Kinetin [1 01]. Shikonine ntau lawm raug soj ntsuam los ntawm cell suspensions ntawm Onosma bublotrichum nyob rau hauv ib tug MS nruab nrab supplemented nrog 0.2 mg/L ntawm IAA thiab 2.10 mg/L ntawm Kinetin rau calluses thiab nyob rau hauv ib tug SH nruab nrab rau cell suspensions [102]. Glycyrrhiza uralensis cell suspensions tuaj yeem tsim cov flavonoids loj hauv Murashige thiab Skoog nruab nrab ntxiv nrog kev sib xyaw ntawm 2, 4-D, NAA, thiab BA thiab elicited nrog methyl jasmonate [103]. 20- hydroxyecdysone tau txais los ntawm ob qho tib si Achtranthes bidentate thiab Vitex glabrata cell suspensions loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ob qho tib si NAA thiab 0.2 mg / L ntawm BA rau Achtranthes bidentate thiab muaj 2,4-D thiab BA rau Vitex paj ntaub [104].

Ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los tau qhia txog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm callus thiab cell kab lis kev cai hauv kev kho mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Dilochos biflorus qia cell culture-derived hydrosoluble extract yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm Belmonte li al. (2014) rau nws cov nyiaj ntau ntawm isoflavones, feem ntau daidzein, genistin, thiab lawv cov glucosidic derivatives. Cov kws sau ntawv pom tias cov khoom tsim tawm tau pom qhov pom kev cuam tshuam ntawm UV-induced erythema, uas qhia txog kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov nroj tsuag no los ntawm cov tebchaw tiv thaiv UV hluav taws xob, tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv tshav ntuj thiab hnub ci erythema [105]. Tom qab ntawd, Imparato et al. (2016) siv cov qauv tsim ntawm daim tawv nqaij los qhia txog UV tiv thaiv lub peev xwm ntawm Dilochos biflorus cell kab lis kev cai rho tawm ntawm ECM Cheebtsam [106]. Qhov kev tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws no tau txuas nrog lub peev xwm los tshem tawm cov dawb radicals, inhibit collagenase ntau lawm ntawm daim tawv nqaij, thiab khaws cov qauv collagen ntev txog 72 teev tom qab UVA tawg [106]. Npauj npaim hav txwv yeem (Buddleja davidii) rho tawm tau los ntawm kev siv xovtooj ntawm tes ncua kev coj noj coj ua ua rau muaj ntau ntawm verbascoside, phenylpropanoid glycoside compound paub txog nws cov khoom tiv thaiv ntau yam (antioxidant, chelator, anti-inflammatory). Kev tshawb nrhiav cov khoom dermatological ntawm cov khoom tsim tawm tau pom tias muaj peev xwm kho cov tawv nqaij muaj zog thiab tawv nqaij tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov extract no, vim tias muaj zog inhibition ntawm collagenase kev ua haujlwm thiab kev tawm tsam ntawm pro-inflammatory yam [107]. Bengal kas fes (Coffea bengalensis) cog cell kab lis kev cai rho tawm yog tsis muaj caffeine thiab tso tawm kom pom zoo rau kev siv hauv kev tu tawv nqaij. Piv txwv li, nws tau pom tias hydrosoluble extract tau los ntawm Coffea bengalensis cell kab lis kev cai ua rau collagen I thiab II syntheses hauv fibroblasts, txhawb kev ua haujlwm lipase, thiab txhawb kev nthuav tawm ntawm cov noob ntsig txog dej hauv keratinocytes [108].

5. Txoj hauv kev Biotechnological tseem ceeb los nce kev tsim cov nroj tsuag-Drived Bioactive Compounds

Cog cell thiab cov ntaub so ntswg kab lis kev cai (PCTC) muab ib qho kev cog lus biotechnological cuab yeej los tsim ib tug ntau ntawm cov phytochemicals rau lub hom phiaj tshuaj. Txawm li cas los xij, tsuas yog qee qhov kev vam meej muaj nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam vim muaj cov khoom lag luam phytochemical tsawg, uas tsis txaus los them cov nqi kab lis kev cai [76]. Yog li, nyob rau hauv kaum xyoo dhau los, kev tshawb fawb tau taw qhia los txhim kho kev tsim cov tshuaj phytochemicals uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo yam tsis tau nce cov nqi tsim khoom los ntsuas kev siv cov txheej txheem hauv vitro kab lis kev cai raws li "chemical factories" [109]. Ntau lub tswv yim, ntawm cov uas yog elicitation, metabolic engineering, immobilization, permeabilization, thiab ob-theem systems, tau siv dav los ua kom cov PDBCs ntau lawm (Daim duab 2) [77].

5.1. Kev thov

Elicitation yog ib txoj kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws uas siv tam sim no los txhim kho cov khoom siv biotechnological ntawm PDBCs. Elicitation yuav tsum tau siv cov khoom sib txuas tshwj xeeb, feem ntau hu ua elicitors, txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov nroj tsuag thiab ua rau cov metabolite biosynthesis thiab ntau lawm [110]. Ob hom elicitors tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv: abiotic thiab biotic elicitors. Abiotic elicitors sau tag nrho cov khoom uas tsis yog lom, xws li inorganic tebchaw, piv txwv li, hlau ions los yog ntsev (calcium chloride, silver nitrate, magnesium sulfate, mercury chloride, cobalt chloride, zinc ions, thiab lwm yam), paub los txhawb kev tsim ntawm bioactive tshuaj los ntawm lawv cov nroj tsuag theem nrab metabolism hloov [43]. Tsis zoo li abiotic elicitors, biotic elicitors muaj keeb kwm lom. Lawv yog siv los ua cov extracts nyoos los yog ib nrab purified cov kab mob los yog cov khoom cog los ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Lawv tuaj yeem yog cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, xws li fungus thiab poov xab rho tawm, lossis ib qho tshwj xeeb muaj xws li glycoproteins, purified chitosan, alginate, xanthan, polysaccharides, thiab lwm yam. [111]. Ob peb yam tsis muaj, ntawm cov uas yog hom elicitor, concentration, lub sij hawm ntawm raug, kab lis kev cai hom, nruab nrab muaj pes tsawg leeg, cell kab, theem, thiab hnub nyoog ntawm kab lis kev cai, yog lub ntsiab yam tseem ceeb rau cov efficiency ntawm elicitation txheej txheem nyob rau hauv PDBC ntau lawm [112] .

Elicitation tau dav siv los ua kom PDBC ntau lawm hauv vitro kab lis kev cai. Ntau cov ntawv tshaj tawm tau hais txog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm txoj kev no. Lub elicitation ntawm Pueraria cannoli ncua hlwb siv salicylic acid txhim kho isoflavonoid ntau lawm thiab tsub zuj zuj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, khwakhurin, daidzein, puerarin, thiab genistin, uas yog cov molecules uas tso saib zoo anti-aging zog [57]. Hauv Solanum xanthocarpum, callus kab lis kev cai elicitation siv xiav lub teeb ua rau lub ncov zus tau tej cov methyl-caffeate, esculetin, caffeic acid, thiab scopoletin. Cov molecules no paub txog lawv cov tshuaj antioxidant zoo, tiv thaiv kev mob, tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab tiv thaiv kev laus [113]. NaCl-induced ntsev kev nyuaj siab daim ntawv thov mus rau ib tug cultivated cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L. var altilis) callus nce tag nrho cov phenolic thiab antioxidant cov ntsiab lus, uas ua rau ib tug nce nyob rau hauv pro-collagen thiab aquaporin ntau lawm nyob rau hauv dermal hlwb, li no boosting zus tau tej cov bioactive. cov tshuaj uas tuaj yeem siv rau cov tshuaj pleev ib ce [114]. Methyl jasmonate elicitation thov rau Isatis indigotica plaub hau kab lis kev cai pom tau zoo hauv kev tsim cov lignans. Nws kuj tau tso cai rau kev tshawb pom ntawm AP2 / ERFs TFs uas tau cuam tshuam rau hauv kev tsim cov chav kawm ntawm bioactive compounds, nrog rau cov noob biosynthetic upregulated, uas qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm eliciting hauv kev txheeb xyuas cov txheej txheem tswj hwm tseem ceeb uas tuaj yeem siv rau. metabolic engineering hauv vitro kab lis kev cai [115]. Lwm cov piv txwv ntawm qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev tshem tawm qhov kev txhawb nqa ntawm PDBC ntau lawm yog qhia hauv Table 3.

5.2. Precursor thiab Nutrient Feeding

Precursor pub mis yog ib lub tswv yim biotechnological uas nyob ntawm lub peev xwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab cov nroj tsuag kab lis kev cai los hloov cov precursors (ntxiv los ntawm cov kab lis kev cai tshaj tawm) rau hauv cov khoom xav tau siv cov enzymes uas twb muaj lawm [135,136]. Cov tshuab no tau siv dav siv los ua kom muaj cov khoom sib txuas tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li, ntau cov ntawv ceeb toom tau pom qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev pub noj ua ntej hauv kev txhawb nqa ntawm PDBC synthesis. Linum album plaub hau hauv paus kab lis kev cai pub nrog ib lub npe lignan precursor, conifer aldehyde, ua rau muaj kev nce ntau hauv pinoresinol, lariciresinol, thiab podophyllotoxin ntau lawm [137]. Nyob rau hauv Centella asiatica nplooj-derived callus thiab cell suspensions, asiaticoside tsub zuj zuj tau tiav los ntawm kev ntxiv ntawm amino acids rau kab lis kev cai xov xwm, ntau precisely, leucine [138]. Karppinen et al. (2007) tau tshaj tawm cov kev tshawb pom zoo sib xws rau hyperforin ntau lawm los ntawm Hypericum perforatum tua kab lis kev cai. Piv txwv li, cov kws sau ntawv pom tias kev tswj hwm ntawm isoleucine thiab valine rau kev tua kab lis kev cai yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tsim cov hyperforin. Los ntawm kev taug qab qhov ntxig ntawm isoleucine thiab valine siv cov ntawv sau npe ntawm cov amino acids, cov kws sau ntawv pom tias ob cov amino acids tau muab tso rau hauv acyl sab saw ntawm ob qho tib si hyperforin thiab hyperforin [138].

Ua raws li tib lub hauv paus ntsiab lus raws li kev pub noj ua ntej, kev noj zaub mov muaj txiaj ntsig kom nce cov txiaj ntsig ntawm PDBCs los ntawm kev kho lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntawm kab lis kev cai xov xwm. Cov tswv yim no tau raug pov thawj tias yuav ua tau zoo rau kev txhim kho biomass thiab tsim cov ginsenoside los ntawm ginseng adventitious cag kab lis kev cai. Raws li tau tshaj tawm hauv [139], biomass ntau lawm thiab ginsenoside cov nyiaj tau nce ntxiv thaum kab lis kev cai tau ntxiv nrog cov kab lis kev cai tshiab tshiab. Cov kev tshawb pom zoo sib xws kuj tau tshaj tawm rau kev tsim cov caffeic by-products los ntawm Echinacea purpurea adventitious cag kab lis kev cai [140] thiab taxol ntau lawm los ntawm Taxus chinensis cell suspensions [141].

5.3. Metabolic Engineering

Metabolic engineering yog txhais raws li kev tsim cov khoom tshwj xeeb lossis cov molecules, xws li tshuaj, tshuaj, roj, thiab tshuaj, los ntawm kev cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem metabolic hauv hlwb [142]. Nws muab lub hom phiaj tshiab kom nkag siab zoo dua PDBC biosynthesis txoj hauv kev los ntawm kev tshawb fawb overexpression. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem hais txog kev tsim txom ntawm lwm txoj hauv kev (txoj kev sib tw) txhawm rau txhim kho cov metabolism hauv cov txheej txheem biosynthesis tshwj xeeb cov neeg kho kom haum xeeb kom ntseeg tau tias kev tsim khoom siab [143]. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm lub tswv yim no yog txhawm rau ua kom lub cev muaj zog los ntawm kev tswj hwm ntawm tes ua haujlwm siv cov thev naus laus zis DNA recombinant. Txog tam sim no, ntau lub tswv yim, xws li kev taw qhia cov noob cais tawm ntawm tib hom lossis cov kab mob sib txawv, cov neeg txhawb nqa kev txhawb nqa cov hom phiaj qhia (kev qhia txog cov noob hom phiaj siv 35S tus txhawb nqa, piv txwv li), lossis cuam tshuam kev qhia ntawm cov hom phiaj lossis cov noob (antisense , RNA cuam tshuam, lossis CRISPR/Cas9 technologies), tau siv los ua kom tiav lub hom phiaj no [144]. Cov piv txwv feem ntau ntawm kev tswj cov caj ces yog kev siv Agrobacterium tumefacient-mediated genetic transformation, uas tuaj yeem tso cai rau kev qhia txog cov noob xav tau.

Kev cuam tshuam ntawm caj ces ntawm biosynthesis txoj kev nruab nrab kuj tuaj yeem ua tau siv lwm txoj hauv kev hloov pauv xws li kev hloov pauv protoplast, biolistics (microprojectile bombardment), liposome-mediated transformation, lossis pollen-tube pathways [143]. Metabolic engineering muaj ntau yam zoo rau kev tsim cov tshuaj bioactive los ntawm ntau cov noob (lub luag haujlwm rau kev tsim cov enzymes) uas koom nrog hauv lawv txoj hauv kev biosynthetic [145]. Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias qhov nyuaj ntawm cov txheej txheem kev tswj hwm hauv cov nroj tsuag cog thiab muaj cov enzymes tseem ceeb thiab tus nqi txwv lub luag haujlwm rau kev tawm tswv yim kev tswj hwm ntawm kev nplua nuj ntawm bioactive compounds, kev tsim cov PDBCs los ntawm kev tsim cov khoom siv metabolic yog txwv. Yog li, kev tshawb nrhiav ntxiv yuav tsum tau txheeb xyuas cov theem txwv tus nqi thiab lawv cov kev cai [146,147].

5.4. Immobilization

Immobilization yog ib qho ntawm cov tswv yim tseem ceeb uas tuaj yeem siv los txhim kho kev tsim cov PDBCs hauv PCTC systems. Nws tso siab rau kev siv cov gel matrix uas tso cai rau kev nkag mus ntawm tes. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov hlwb raug cuam tshuam rau cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm ions kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam rau cov metabolism hauv cell. Lub tswv yim no tau nyiam cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov kws tshawb fawb thoob ntiaj teb vim nws tso cai rau kev nce hauv cell viability thiab ruaj khov ntawm bioactive compounds uas tsim, ntxiv rau qhov nce hauv kev tsim cov molecules uas xav tau [148]. Rau cell entrapment los yog immobilization, ntau yam tshuaj, xws li agarose, alginate, agar, thiab polyacrylamide ua ke nrog alginate, yuav siv tau raws li gel matrix. Alginate polymers yog cov khoom siv ntau tshaj plaws uas siv rau kev hloov pauv ntawm tes, vim tias lawv pom qhov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws ntawm PDBC cov khoom tsim tawm. Piv txwv li, Eurycoma longifolia cell aggregate entrapment nrog 2.5 feem pua ​​​​ntawm alginate polymer rau peb lub lis piam ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv hauv kev tsim cov 4H-imidazol-4-ib qho, tuaj yeem nyias-6-ib qho, thiab strictosidine-synthase piv. rau cov hlwb uas tsis yog-immobilized [149]. Rau chitosanase ntau lawm los ntawm Gongronella sp. hlwb, kev tsim khoom siab tshaj plaws tau ua tiav siv cov cell immobilization nrog calcium alginate (E404) gel ua ke nrog polyurethane ua npuas ncauj ntawm pH 5.5 [150]. Hauv Juniperus chinensis, Premjet et al. (2007) pom tias kev tsim cov podophyllotoxin tau nce 96-98 feem pua ​​​​hauv cov hlwb uas siv cov alginate polymer [151]. Plumbago rosea-immobilized hlwb siv E404 ua rau muaj kev nce peb zaug hauv kev tsim cov plumbagin, qhov tseem ceeb bioactive compound qhia nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag no, piv rau cov tsis-entrapped hlwb [152,153]. Cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cell immobilization tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm qhov tseeb tias cov gel (polymer) matrix tsim kom muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov cell immobilized, uas txhim kho kev sib txuas lus biochemical. Polymer matrices cia li ua rau kev tsim cov cell aggregates, yog li txo cov hlwb 'kev vam khom rau kab lis kev cai xov xwm, ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua ntawm PDBCs [148]. Txawm hais tias cell immobilization nce PDBC ntau lawm, bioactive compounds feem ntau nkag thiab nquag khaws cia hauv cell vacuoles. Yog li, lub cell immobilization thiab cov txheej txheem tsim khoom yog kev lag luam nyob ntawm lub cell lub peev xwm los zais cov khoom siv bioactive uas xav tau rau hauv nruab nrab uas nyob ib sab, uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim ib txwm siv los ntawm ntuj (passive thiab nquag thauj) lossis khoom tsim (permeabilization zoo) secretion mechanisms [135].

5.5. Permeabilization

Raws li tau hais los saum no, PDBCs feem ntau yog nkag rau hauv cov kabmob tshwj xeeb lossis cov qauv ntawm tes, feem ntau hauv cov cell vacuoles. Yog li ntawd, PDBC tso tawm rau hauv kab lis kev cai nruab nrab ua ke nrog cov txheej txheem ua kom huv huv uas tsim nyog tuaj yeem tso cai rau kev rov ua kom rov zoo ntawm cov khoom xav tau. Lub tswv yim permeabilization tso siab rau kev siv tshuaj lom neeg lossis kev siv lub cev los ua kom cov permeability ntawm cov nroj tsuag cell membranes. Cov tshuaj-mediated permeabilization tuaj yeem siv tau yooj yim siv cov kuab tshuaj organic, xws li dimethylsulfoxide [DMSO] thiab isopropanol, thiab polysaccharides xws li chitosan [135]. Taxol, hexadecane, dibutyl phthalate, lossis decanol tau siv los ua kom Taxus chinensis cell culture permeability [141]. Lwm txoj kev permeabilization, xws li hluav taws xob teb thiab sonication, tuaj yeem siv los rov qab PDBCs los ntawm cell vacuoles [135]. Nco ntsoov tias kev sib sau ntawm PDBCs tuaj yeem hloov pauv los ntawm kev tawm tswv yim kev tswj hwm (inhibition) ntawm cov khoom sib txuas lossis los ntawm degradation ntawm bioactive compounds hauv xov xwm. Qhov teeb meem no tuaj yeem zam tau los ntawm kev siv cov khoom tshem tawm hauv qhov chaw, uas cuam tshuam nrog kev sib cais ntawm cov kua-kua lossis cov kua-kua sib cais [154], qhov tom kawg tau pom cov txiaj ntsig zoo dua li cov kua-kua kab lis kev cai. Rau cov khoom siv-kua, XAD4, XAD7 resins, thiab activated charcoal feem ntau siv. Piv txwv li, nws tau pom yav dhau los tias kev siv XAD7 txhim kho kev tsim cov ajmalicine thiab serpentine hauv C. roseus, plumbagin hauv Pityriasis rosea, alkaloid hauv Eschscholzia californica, thiab taxuyunnanine C hauv Taxus chinensis [155–158]. XAD4 tau ua tiav rau kev tsim cov tshuaj anthraquinones los ntawm Morinda elliptica [159].

6. Kev tsim cov tshuaj Antioxidant rau cov tshuaj pleev ib ce siv Biotechnology

PCTC cov txheej txheem ua ke nrog cov txheej txheem biotechnological sib txawv txhawm rau tsim cov khoom lag luam ntau ntawm PDBCs tau coj mus rau kev txhim kho ntau yam khoom siv tshuaj pleev ib ce nrog kev tiv thaiv kev laus thiab kev tiv thaiv dermo. Qee tus ntawm lawv tau raug patented, thiab ntau yam khoom siv tshuaj pleev ib ce tau tsim los ntawm cov tuam txhab ua lag luam hauv kev lag luam tshuaj pleev ib ce. Hauv qab no yog qee qhov piv txwv ntawm patents uas tau sau npe hauv kaum xyoo dhau los. Lawv tau raug xaiv los ua kom pom cov kev siv ntawm biotechnology, feem ntau yog cog cov ntaub so ntswg kab lis kev cai, rau cov formulation ntawm galenic thiab cosmetic khoom:

• Ib daim ntawv sau npe hauv Tebchaws Meskas los ntawm Blum et al. Nyob rau hauv 2012, muaj feem xyuam rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm dedifferentiated nroj tsuag hlwb los ntawm Malus domestica cv Uttwiler Spaetlauber txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab lawv siv nyob rau hauv lub formulation ntawm cosmetic npaj los xyuas kom meej kev tiv thaiv ntawm qia hlwb tiv thaiv ob sab hauv thiab sab nraud kev nyuaj siab, txhawb cov qia cell proliferation, thiab kev tiv thaiv. ntawm cell apoptosis (Patent US 8,580,320 B2). Los ntawm cov kev ncua ntawm tes no, kev npaj tshuaj pleev ib ce sib txawv tau tsim, ntawm cov tshuaj pleev ib ce, kua balms, cov plaub hau qhov ncauj qhov ntswg, thiab tshuaj pleev qhov muag. Kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev tsim kho kom zoo nkauj tau raug sim ntawm cov qia hlwb los ntawm txoj hlab ntaws, cov hauv paus hniav, thiab fibroblasts.

• Syringa vulgaris cov nroj tsuag tau ua tiav los ntawm cov kab lis kev cai hauv vitro ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg hauv cov kab mob aseptic hauv cov thawv loj hlob ntxiv nrog cov kev cog qoob loo tshwj xeeb los ntawm pab pawg Italian (Dal Monte et al., 2006; Patent tooj: US 7,718,199 B2). Ib qho aqueous extraction tau ua rau ntawm callus-derived cell suspensions. HPLC profileing qhia pom muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm verbascoside thiab verbascoside. Cov cell-nqaj-derived extracts tau pom muaj zog antioxidant thiab kev ua si tawm tsam dawb radicals. Ntxiv mus, cov khoom tsim tawm tau nthuav tawm cov txiaj ntsig zoo los tiv thaiv cov plaub hau tsis zoo vim lawv lub peev xwm los inhibit 5-alpha reductase thiab lipoxygenase. Cov extracts generated kuj pom muaj zog los tiv thaiv tyrosinase kev ua thiab tseem ceeb ntawm daim tawv nqaij-whitening zog.

• Undifferentiated cells ntawm Iris nroj tsuag (Iris pallida, Iris germanica, thiab Iris florentina) tau tsim los ntawm Breton thiab Gueniche hauv xyoo 2001. Galenic npaj tau tsim los ntawm cov hlwb tsim. Ua raws li cov neeg tsim khoom thov, cov kev npaj tsim muaj xws li tshuaj pleev thaiv hnub, nrog cov khoom xyaw uas ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov cellular matrix proteins, xws li los ntawm UV hluav taws xob, los ntawm cov enzymatic inhibition ntawm MMP proteins (Breton thiab Gueniche hauv 2001, Patent tooj: EP 1 174 120 B1).

• Leontopodium alpinum undifferentiated hlwb tau siv nyob rau hauv vitro cell kab lis kev cai tau siv rau kev tsim cov tshuaj pleev ib ce los ntawm Fabkis inventors (Gracioso li al.). Qhov kev tshawb pom tau luam tawm raws li patent los ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom hauv xyoo 2016 (Patent deposition hauv 2015, Patent naj npawb: WO 2016 / 113659 A1). Cov khoom tsim tau raug npaj los ua kev kho kom zoo nkauj rau cov tawv nqaij-laus cell homeostasis restoration thiab nce cell metabolism thiab nquag ua haujlwm.

• Undifferentiated hlwb ntawm Marrubium vulgare tau siv los ua raw khoom rau kev txhim kho cov tshuaj pleev ib ce los ntawm Ringenbach li al. rau lub tuam txhab tshuaj pleev ib ce zoo. patent tau sau npe nyob rau hauv 2016. Rau qhov patent no, cov tshuaj pleev ib ce muaj pes tsawg leeg tau npaj los ntawm cov nroj tsuag cog tau siv cov txheej txheem hauv vitro cell culture. Cov neeg tsim khoom tau npaj cov tshuaj pleev ib ce no rau kev kho mob tshuaj pleev ib ce los txhim kho daim tawv nqaij tus mob, zoo li, thiab appendages, ntau precisely, rau pore zawm thiab daim tawv nqaij imperfections. Los ntawm cov khoom xyaw nquag pom, cov qauv sib txawv ntawm cov galenic tau tsim, ntawm cov uas yog cov tshuaj pleev, cov tshuaj pleev xim, cov ntaub so ntswg, thiab cov tshuaj ntxuav tes (Patent naj npawb: WO 2017/163174 A1).

• Kev tsim kho kom zoo nkauj yog tsim los ntawm pab pawg neeg Italian (Tito li al.) hauv 2016. Cov khoom tsim los ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj no tsom rau kev siv cov somatic embryos ntawm peb hom nroj tsuag: Lotus japonicus, Citrus limon, thiab Rosa gardenia. Cov extracts generated tau qhia zoo heev tiv thaiv daim tawv nqaij-aging imperfections thiab muaj cov tawv nqaij-cov ntaub so ntswg rejuvenation zog (Patent tooj: WO 2016/173867 A1).

• Cov khoom siv tshuaj pleev ib ce uas muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv cov tawv nqaij kom qhuav thiab / lossis tiv thaiv UV hluav taws xob puas tsuaj tau tsim los ntawm Camellia sinensis var assamica dedifferentiated qia cell kab lis kev cai extraction los ntawm Berry et al. Cov khoom tsim tau patented nyob rau hauv 2017. Lub invention efficiency tau sim nyob rau hauv tib neeg laus dermal fibroblasts. Raws li cov neeg tsim khoom, cov tshuaj yej tsim tawm tau tso tawm cov khoom tiv thaiv kab mob, tiv thaiv cov tawv nqaij ntawm tes kom qhuav, thiab tiv thaiv cov tawv nqaij los ntawm UV hluav taws xob (Patent naj npawb: WO 2017/178238 A1).

7. Cov lus xaus

Kev laus ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau cov teeb meem dermatological cuam tshuam rau tib neeg cov tawv nqaij thiab nws cov tsos, ua rau lub qhov txhab kho tsis ua hauj lwm, wrinkle txoj kev loj hlob, thiab poob ntawm daim tawv nqaij laus thiab elasticity. Ntau cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg tau tsim ntau xyoo los tiv thaiv daim tawv nqaij los tiv thaiv kev laus thiab txo nws qhov cuam tshuam. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog rau kev siv cov khoom siv tshuaj, ntau yam teeb meem tau tshwm sim, feem ntau yog txuas rau ntawm tes rhiab heev, kev ua xua, thiab cov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm qee cov khoom siv tshuaj thiab tshuaj. Raws li lwm txoj hauv kev, cov khoom tsim los ntawm ntuj thiab cov nroj tsuag tau txais kev pom zoo raws li lawv cov khoom zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag-derived bioactive cov khoom xyaw yog nyob ntawm cov khoom siv cog, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm ob qho tib si sab hauv thiab sab nrauv. Cov txheej txheem kev cog qoob loo cog qoob loo tuaj yeem xa cov khoom loj ntawm homogenous cog cov khoom tsis muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm cov yam ntxwv no kom paub meej tias cov khoom siv bioactive txaus txaus. Tsis tas li ntawd, PDBCs tuaj yeem tsim tau siv cov tswv yim biotechnological xws li elicitation, metabolic engineering, nutrient thiab precursor feeding, immobilization, thiab permeabilization. Cov haujlwm no tau nthuav tawm cov kev tshuaj xyuas dav dav ntawm cov txheej txheem biotechnological siv los tsim cov tshuaj bioactive, nrog rau kev tsom mus rau cov tshuaj antioxidants uas qhia txog kev tiv thaiv kev laus. Qee qhov piv txwv ntawm cov kab lis kev cai cog qoob loo siv hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv tshuaj pleev ib ce kuj tseem hais txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov cuab yeej biotechnological rau kev tsim cov PDBCs.

【Yog xav paub ntxiv:george.deng@wecistanche.com / WhatApp:86 13632399501 】