Abstract:Nroj tsuag yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm bioactive compounds uas tuaj yeem siv rau kev tsim cov khoom kom zoo nkauj. Cog Extracts muaj ntau yam pov thawj kev noj qab haus huv cov txiaj ntsig, ntawm cov uas yog antiageing thiab kev tu tawv nqaij. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog kev xav tau ntau ntxiv rau cov khoom siv tshuaj pleev ib ce, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ua ntej tsim kom muaj lwm txoj hauv kev los ua kom muaj cov biomass txaus rau kev tsim khoom ruaj khov. Cov txheej txheem kab lis kev cai cog qoob loo, xws li hauv vitro hauv paus kab lis kev cai, micropropagation, lossis callogenesis, muaj peev xwm tsim cov tshuaj bioactive ntau yam ywj pheej ntawm lwm yam uas yuav cuam tshuam rau lawv cov khoom. Qhov kev tsim khoom no kuj tseem tuaj yeem nce ntxiv nrog rau kev siv lwm yam kev siv biotechnological xws li elicitation, metabolic engineering, precursor thiab / lossis nutrient feeding, immobilization, thiab permeabilization. Qhov kev ua haujlwm no txhawm rau ntsuas lub peev xwm ntawm cov cuab yeej siv thev naus laus zis los tsim cov khoom siv bioactive, nrog rau kev tsom mus rau bioactive tebchaw nrog cov khoom tiv thaiv kev laus, uas tuaj yeem siv rau kev tsim cov khoom lag luam ntsuab-label cosmeceutical. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee qhov piv txwv qhia txog kev siv cov nroj tsuag kab lis kev cai los tsim cov khoom xyaw uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev siv tshuaj pleev ib ce kuj tau hais txog, qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov cuab yeej no thiab cov txheej txheem rau kev tsim cov khoom siv tshuaj pleev ib ce kom ruaj khov.

Glycoside ntawm cistanche tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm ntawm SOD hauv plawv thiab daim siab cov ntaub so ntswg, thiab txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm lipofuscin thiab MDA hauv txhua cov ntaub so ntswg, tshem tawm ntau yam reactive oxygen radicals (OH-, H₂O₂, thiab lwm yam) thiab tiv thaiv DNA puas. los ntawm OH-radicals. Cistanche phenylethanoid glycosides muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cov dawb radicals, muaj peev xwm txo tau ntau dua li cov vitamin C, txhim kho cov haujlwm ntawm SOD hauv cov phev ncua, txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm MDA, thiab muaj qee yam kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov phev ua haujlwm. Cistanche polysaccharides tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm SOD thiab GSH-Px hauv erythrocytes thiab ntsws cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov nas senescent sim los ntawm D-galactose, nrog rau txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm MDA thiab collagen hauv lub ntsws thiab ntshav, thiab nce cov ntsiab lus ntawm elastin, muaj Cov nyhuv scavenging zoo ntawm DPPH, ncua lub sijhawm ntawm hypoxia hauv cov nas senescent, txhim kho cov haujlwm ntawm SOD hauv cov ntshav, thiab ncua lub physiological degeneration ntawm lub ntsws hauv kev sim cov nas nrog cellular morphological degeneration, kev sim tau pom tias Cistanche muaj peev xwm antioxidant zoo. thiab muaj peev xwm los ua ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab kho cov kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij laus. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, echinacoside hauv Cistanche muaj lub peev xwm tseem ceeb los tshem tawm DPPH dawb radicals thiab tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov pa oxygen reactive, tiv thaiv dawb radical-induced collagen degradation, thiab kuj muaj kev kho zoo ntawm thymine dawb radical anion puas.

Nyem rau Yuav Ua Li Cas Cistanche

【Yog xav paub ntxiv:george.deng@wecistanche.com / WhatApp:86 13632399501 】

1. Taw qhia

Kev lag luam tshuaj pleev ib ce thoob ntiaj teb tab tom muaj kev loj hlob sai vim qhov nce hauv kev paub txog kev zoo nkauj thiab kev txaus siab rau kev saib xyuas kev zoo nkauj, kev tiv thaiv tawv nqaij, thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj pleev ib ce. Nrog rau kev nthuav dav ntawm qhov kev lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig zoo no, ib qho kev sib txawv tshiab tau tshwm sim ntawm cov neeg siv khoom rau cov khoom lag luam ntuj tsim, ruaj khov, thiab ntsuab-los ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws es tsis txhob siv hluavtaws, ua rau lub ntiaj teb cov nroj tsuag extracts lag luam [1]. Piv txwv li, qhov loj ntawm lub lag luam no muaj nuj nqis ntawm USD 10.19 billion hauv 2021 thiab xav tias yuav nce ntxiv mus rau USD 22.49 billion hauv 2030 [2,3]. Qhov kev txaus siab zoo no yog tsim nyog los ntawm kev kho cov khoom zoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag rho tawm uas tsis muaj lossis ob peb yam tsis zoo [4].

Cov nroj tsuag yeej ib txwm yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom xyaw bioactive nrog rau kev siv dav dav. Lawv tau ua pov thawj kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev noj qab haus huv cov txiaj ntsig suav nrog muab cov tshuaj tua kab mob antioxidant thiab tiv thaiv UV hluav taws xob, nrog rau cov khoom tiv thaiv wrinkle, tiv thaiv qog noj ntshav, tiv thaiv kev laus, thiab kev hloov ntawm daim tawv nqaij (dawb, moisturizing, los yog soothing) zog [5]. Txawm li cas los xij, vim qhov kev thov ntau rau cov khoom siv tshuaj pleev ib ce, niaj hnub no, ntau hom nroj tsuag tau siv ntau dhau (sau ntau ntau los ntawm lawv qhov chaw nyob hauv ntuj) lossis muaj kev puas tsuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kev sib tw, xws li kev loj hlob qeeb, kev sau qoob loo raws caij nyoog, muaj cov tshuaj lom hauv lawv cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg, thiab kev hloov pauv hauv bioactive compounds ob qho tib si ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab los ntawm ib qho kev sau mus rau lwm qhov, tuaj yeem txwv tsis pub muaj peev xwm siv rau hauv kev lag luam tshuaj pleev ib ce. [4]. Cov kev txwv no tuaj yeem kov yeej nrog kev siv cov txheej txheem cog qoob loo cog qoob loo nrog cov cuab yeej biotechnological thiab cov txheej txheem.

Cog cov ntaub so ntswg kab lis kev cai txheej txheem xa ib qho kev txaus siab rau kev tsim cov tshuaj bioactive. Lawv tuaj yeem txhais tau yooj yim raws li cov txheej txheem biotechnological uas tso siab rau kev siv cov kab lis kev cai noj qab haus huv thiab kev tswj hwm aseptic kom ntseeg tau cov kab lis kev cai thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag, cov ntaub so ntswg, thiab cov kabmob [6]. Cov cuab yeej no qhia tau hais tias muaj ntau yam zoo dua li cov kev ua liaj ua teb xws li (i) cov khoom siv metabolite thib ob uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov khoom siv sab hauv lossis sab nraud uas yuav cuam tshuam rau cov qoob loo loj hlob thiab cov qoob loo, (ii) cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom siv phytochemical uas xav tau los ntawm kev ua kom cov khoom lag luam tas li, thiab (iii) kev tsim khoom raws li kev tswj hwm, yog li txwv txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kis kab mob los ntawm cov tshuaj agrochemicals (cov tshuaj tua kab, tshuaj tua kab, tshuaj tua kab, tshuaj chiv) [7].

Txog niaj hnub no, ntau cov khoom lag luam ntsuab (cov khoom siv cog qoob loo) tau tsim los siv cov txheej txheem cog qoob loo. Qee qhov ntawm lawv muaj cov ntawv thov hauv cov tshuaj pleev ib ce, ntau qhov tseeb, rau kev kho mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij laus thiab cov kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij tshwm sim los ntawm cov tawv nqaij raug rau cov neeg ua hauj lwm sab nraud [5,8]. Yog li ntawd, lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm qhov kev tshuaj xyuas no yog los muab cov ntsiab lus luv luv ntawm kev siv dav ntawm cov nroj tsuag kab lis kev cai cov tswv yim thiab cov txheej txheem biotechnological rau kev tsim cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo bioactive uas tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv tshuaj pleev ib ce, nrog rau kev tsom mus rau. ntawm daim tawv nqaij tiv thaiv kab mob thiab daim tawv nqaij anti-aging molecules. Kev tshuaj xyuas kuj tseem suav nrog qee qhov piv txwv ntawm cov qauv tshuaj pleev ib ce uas tau patented thaum lub xyoo caum dhau los uas cov txheej txheem kev coj noj coj ua ntawm cov nroj tsuag tau siv los tsim cov active molecules nyob rau hauv cov formulations.

2. Kev laus ntawm daim tawv nqaij: Qhov tseem ceeb thiab ua rau

2.1. Daim tawv nqaij Anatomical Structure thiab cov haujlwm tseem ceeb

Daim tawv nqaij yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb hauv tib neeg lub cev thiab sawv cev rau ib feem rau ntawm qhov hnyav tag nrho ntawm tib neeg lub cev. Daim tawv nqaij yog anatomically tsim nrog peb lub ntsiab txheej: epidermis, dermis, thiab hypodermis, tseem hu ua cov ntaub so ntswg subcutaneous (Daim duab 1) [9]. Cov txheej txheem sab nraud (epidermis) muaj tsib txheej txheej: txheej basal (stratum basal), spinous txheej (stratum spinosum), granular txheej (stratum granulosum), ntshiab txheej (stratum lucidum), thiab horny txheej (stratum corneum) [10] . Lub dermis, uas yog txheej nruab nrab, yog intricately txuas mus rau lub epidermis los ntawm lub hauv paus membrane. Tsis zoo li cov epidermis, uas yog tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem cellular sib txawv, cov dermis feem ntau muaj cov extracellular matrix (ECM), ib qho kev tivthaiv ntawm tes. Qhov no acellular matrix yog tsim los ntawm collagen fibers, uas suav txog 75 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov tawv nqaij qhuav qhov hnyav thiab muab cov yas zog thiab elasticity [11]. Dhau li ntawm collagen, ECM cov proteins suav nrog elastin thiab glycoproteins, uas suav nrog hws pores thiab cov hauv paus plaub hau thiab harbor lub lymphatic, vascular, thiab neuronal systems [9]. Qhov thib peb txheej, lub hypodermis, muaj cov rog rog (adipocytes) rov kho dua hauv cov roj lobules, uas tsim cov ntaub so ntswg xoob [12].

Daim tawv nqaij ua si ntau yam haujlwm. Nws muaj tshuaj lom neeg thiab kev tiv thaiv lub cev rau lub cev tiv thaiv kev raug mob sab nraud xws li cov kab mob, UV hluav taws xob, tshuaj lom neeg, lub cev qhuav dej, thiab kub hloov pauv [8]. Nws kuj ua kom cov dej thiab electrolyte sib npaug (cov qog hws thiab cov kab mob epidermal barrier) thiab thermoregulation (thermoreceptors) thiab koom nrog hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob (skin-associated lymphoid cov ntaub so ntswg (SALT)). Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov hlab ntsha, xws li Meissner, Pacinian, thiab Ruffini corpuscles, nrog rau Krause's qhov muag teev thiab Merkel hlwb, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Lwm txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb yog txuas nrog homeostasis, metabolism, khaws cia, xaiv kev nqus, thiab tshem tawm cov tshuaj [12]. Dhau li ntawm cov haujlwm lom neeg no, daim tawv nqaij ua lub luag haujlwm hauv lub cev (Daim duab 1) [9].

2.2. Daim tawv nqaij laus

Kev laus ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau cov kev txhawj xeeb dermatological cuam tshuam rau tib neeg cov tawv nqaij. Nws feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm kev poob ntawm elasticity thiab tawv nqaij laus, qhov tshwm sim ntawm nplua wrinkles thiab hnub nyoog me ntsis, thiab tsis kho qhov txhab. Kev laus ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog txheej txheem ntau yam uas tau tsav los ntawm ob qho tib si sab hauv (genetic keeb kwm yav dhau, cov tshuaj hormones, lub sijhawm, thiab lwm yam) thiab sab nraud (kev ua qias tuaj, UV hluav taws xob raug, thiab lwm yam) [15]. Nws yog biologically characterized los ntawm epidermal thiab dermal-epidermal hlws ris hloov, nrog rau tag nrho cov degradation ntawm dermal extracellular matrix. Cov tom kawg yog feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv rau collagen thiab elastin fibers [16]. Kev laus ntawm daim tawv nqaij tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim lub sijhawm (chronological aging uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov khoom siv hauv nruab nrab) lossis kev yees duab (duab duab ntawm daim tawv nqaij vim yog extrinsic yam). Kev laus raws sijhawm ua rau txo qis hauv cov txheej txheem dermal thiab epidermal, txo qis ntawm cov paj hlwb, thiab tsim cov tshuaj hormones kev sib deev, uas ua rau poob ntawm rhiab heev. Cov txheej txheem kev laus ntawm daim tawv nqaij no tshwm sim feem ntau vim yog qhov ntau tshaj ntawm Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Feem ntau, nws tau tsim tias 1.5-5 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov pa uas siv los ntawm cov hlwb yog hloov los ntawm cov txheej txheem sab hauv rau hauv ROS [8]. ROS tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau hauv mitochondria (keratinocytes thiab fibroblasts), endoplasmic reticulum (cytochrome P450), thiab cytosol (ROS ua los ntawm arachidonic acid metabolism) [17]. ROS ntau lawm tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm overexpression ntawm interleukins. Dhau li ntawm qhov nce hauv ROS ntau lawm, cov tawv nqaij laus kuj tseem txuas nrog rau cov lus qhia siab thiab qis ntawm matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) thiab MMP inhibitors (TIMP), feem. Cov kev hloov pauv hauv kev qhia ntawm cov proteinases tshwj xeeb no tau ua pov thawj tias muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm tus nqi ROS. Qhov ntau ntxiv ntawm ROS ua rau kev txhim kho ntawm cov activator protein-1 (AP-1), uas, dhau los, ua rau collagen degradation los ntawm MMP thiab ua rau kom muaj kev ua kom muaj zog ntawm nuclear kappa B (NF-κB. ) thiab cov txheej txheem inflammatory teb [8].

Kev laus ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog ntau tshaj tawm nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij photoaged nrog ntxaum wrinkles, ib tug ntau pom tau tias poob ntawm elasticity, thiab ntxhib daim tawv nqaij zoo nkauj [8]. Ntau yam kev ntxhov siab ntawm tes tau koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem physiological xws li (i) hloov pauv rau lub koom haum chromatin, (ii) telomere shortening, (iii) mitochondrial dysfunction, (iv) oncogene activation (v) epigenetic strands, (vi) o, thiab (vii) immunosuppression [15,18]. Oxidative stress induced los ntawm UVR yog lub ntsiab ua rau photoaging. Cov tawv nqaij raug UV hluav taws xob induces lub activation ntawm lub neuroendocrine system. Qhov kev ua kom no tshwm sim los ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg los yog los ntawm cov paj hlwb [8]. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis kuj tau qhib los ntawm kev yees duab, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov lus teb homeostatic kom txo qhov kev puas tsuaj. UV-R-induced DNA kev puas tsuaj tshwm sim vim ROS tsis txaus, uas ua rau tsim cov cim tshwj xeeb ntawm DNA oxidative impairment, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG ) [19] ib. Tsis tas li ntawd, lwm cov cim, xws li interleukin -6 (IL-6), qog necrosis factor (TNF- ), thiab cyclooxygenase enzymes, kuj tau qhib los ntawm ROS. Nyob rau theem ntawm cov noob qhia, ROS tsub zuj zuj ua rau NF-κB kev qhia thiab kev qhia ntawm inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), uas pab txhawb hyperpermeability thiab angiogenesis los ntawm upregulating vascular endothelial kev loj hlob yam (VEGF) [20]. Dhau li ntawm NF-κB, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) kuj tau qhib, yog li nce MMP noob transcription. Kev tswj hwm ntawm MMP cov noob tsis zoo cuam tshuam rau ECM homeostasis thiab ua rau elastin thiab collagen degradation [8].

3. Cog-Derived Bioactive Compounds nrog Anti-Ageing Properties

Cog-derived bioactive compounds (PDBCs) stemming los ntawm cov nroj tsuag metabolism feem ntau pom cov tshuaj antioxidant, tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab cov kab mob tua kab mob thiab tseem muaj cov txiaj ntsig tiv thaiv kev laus [21,22]. Feem ntau hu ua cov metabolites theem nrab, PDBCs yog cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg uas tsis cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov nroj tsuag 'cov txheej txheem loj hlob ib txwm muaj [21]. Lawv feem ntau yog tsim los teb rau ib puag ncig kev txwv raws li kev tiv thaiv tawm tsam cov tsiaj txhu, kab mob, lossis UV hluav taws xob; rau interspecific kev sib tw ntawm hom; los yog pab rau kev yug me nyuam (pheromones, colouring agents, thiab txaus nyiam tsw) [23]. Cov tebchaw ntuj no tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov vitamins (vitamin C thiab E), polyphenols (flavonoids, phenolic acids, stilbenes, thiab lignans), thiab terpenoid pawg [24].

3.1. Txoj Kev Tsim Nyog Tseem Ceeb rau Cov Nroj Tsuag-Drived Bioactive Compounds

Cog-derived bioactive compounds qhia txog kev ua haujlwm lom neeg tseem ceeb. Tau ntau pua xyoo, cov molecules muaj txiaj ntsig zoo no tau muab rho tawm los ntawm cov nroj tsuag sau los ntawm qhov xwm txheej. Txawm li cas los xij, muab qhov tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tsim tawm ntawm cov molecules no, ntau txoj hauv kev tau tshwm sim nrog kev txhim kho ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, kev tshawb pom ntawm microbial thiab fungal engineering (heterologous ntau lawm), thiab kev txhim kho cov nroj tsuag kab lis kev cai. Cov khoom lag luam ntawm PDBCs feem ntau yog teeb meem loj cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom sib txuas. Piv txwv li, nws tau lees paub dav dav tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov metabolites theem nrab feem ntau txwv tsawg dua 1 feem pua ​​​​ntawm qhov hnyav qhuav ntawm cov nroj tsuag [25,26]. Yog li, ntuj sau feem ntau yog siv tsis tau vim nws tsis tuaj yeem muab cov nyiaj txaus ntawm cov khoom xav tau [27]. Piv txwv li, qhov nruab nrab ntawm 1 kg ntawm blueberries yuav tsum tau tsim 38 mg ntawm quercetin-3-glucoside [28]. Kev sau qoob loo tuaj yeem raug txwv los ntawm kev muaj caij nyoog ntawm cov khoom cog, nws txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob, thiab hom kev nplua nuj nyob hauv xwm [29]. Dhau li ntawm qhov tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom siv bioactive tau los ntawm kev sau qoob loo, kev tsim cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm cov nroj tsuag feem ntau tsis txaus siab vim lawv cov khoom tuaj yeem, qee zaum, raug ntxias tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb lossis thaum lub caij cog qoob loo tshwj xeeb [30 , 31] ib.

Kev siv tshuaj lom neeg kuj tuaj yeem raug npaj los ua lwm txoj hauv kev los tsim qee cov tshuaj bioactive xws li carotenoids. Cov tshuaj synthesis ntawm astaxanthin raug nqi nruab nrab ntawm 1000 USD / kg, uas yog ntau tshaj tus nqi ntawm lub ntuj sau ntawm Haematococcus pluvialis [32,33]. Qhov kev tsim tawm lwm txoj hauv kev no qhia tau hais tias, txawm li cas los xij, cov teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog cov xwm txheej nruj ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj kev cuam tshuam thiab kev tsim cov khoom lag luam tsis zoo thiab cov khoom lag luam los ntawm [34,35].

Lwm txoj hauv kev tsim khoom tau tshwm sim nrog kev tshawb pom thiab kev loj hlob ntawm microbial thiab fungal biotechnology. Cov thev naus laus zis no, tseem hu ua heterologous ntau lawm, feem ntau tso siab rau kev siv cov kab mob xws li poov xab, fungus, lossis kab mob. Los ntawm cov txheej txheem no, ntau cov molecules, ntawm cov uas yog resveratrol, ib tug thib ob metabolite paub rau nws zoo tshuaj thiab tshuaj pleev ib ce muaj peev xwm (anti-aging), tau ntse tsim nyob rau hauv ntau npaum siv genetic engineered microbial hosts, xws li Corynebacterium glutamicum, Escherichia coli, thiab Lactococcus lactis, los yog recombinant poov xab xws li Saccharomyces cerevisiae [36–39]. Resveratrol yog tsim los ntawm cov nroj tsuag hauv qhov sib txawv, xws li 0.36 mg / kg los ntawm Viti's vinifera txiv hmab txiv ntoo, 1 mg / kg los ntawm Ampelopsis japonica cag, thiab 7.95 mg / kg ntawm Morus alba aerial qhov chaw [40], tab sis tseem qis dua qhov uas tau tshaj tawm siv cov kab mob recombinant. Piv txwv li, resveratrol ntau lawm tuaj yeem ncav cuag 812 mg / L lossis 2.34 g / L siv cov poov xab los yog cov kab mob sib xyaw ua ke, raws li [37,41]. Nco ntsoov tias txoj kev vam meej ntawm heterologous ntau lawm yog nyob ntawm qhov kev paub thiab kev nkag siab ntawm biosynthetic txoj hauv kev ntawm qhov xav tau bioactive compounds, txawm tias cov molecular cascade koom nrog hauv biosynthesis ntawm ntau lub tebchaw bioactive twb tau ua. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kev txwv loj ntawm cov thev naus laus zis no tau txuas nrog kev ua haujlwm qis ntawm cov enzymes los ntawm cov nroj tsuag hauv cov kab mob microbial (cov poov xab, kab mob, lossis cov kab mob fungus), nrog rau cov khoom noj khoom haus tsawg. Yog li, cov kev tshawb fawb ntxiv yuav tsum tau ua los txheeb xyuas qhov zoo tshaj plaws cov neeg sib tw enzymes thiab cov kev pom zoo uas tso cai rau kev hloov pauv ntawm cov metabolic intermediates rau hauv cov khoom xav tau, uas yuav zam qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom nruab nrab hauv cov microbial hosts [35].

Dhau li ntawm heterologous ntau lawm, cog hauv vitro kab lis kev cai cov tswv yim tau npaj ua ib txoj hauv kev ruaj khov rau kev tsim cov nroj tsuag-derived bioactive compounds. Cov tswv yim no muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo piv rau kev siv tag nrho cov nroj tsuag, feem ntau (i) tshem tawm cov kab mob, (ii) kev tsim cov khoom lag luam los ntawm kev siv bioreactor ib zaug cov txheej txheem ntawm kev cog qoob loo tau zoo, uas tuaj yeem txo qis. cov nqi ua haujlwm, thiab (iii) yooj yim purification thiab ua cov khoom ntuj tsim [42,43]. Yog li, ntawm lub hauv paus no, cov txheej txheem cog qoob loo cog qoob loo tsis ntev los no tau siv los tsim cov khoom xyaw bioactive. Ntau qhov piv txwv tau qhia txog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov tswv yim no xws li kev tsim cov taxol, podophyllotoxin, phytoene, los yog berberine los ntawm Taxus sp., Podophyllum hexandrum, Citrus sinensis, thiab Coptis japonica cell cultures, ntsig txog [44–47].

3.2. Dermo-Protective Action of Plant-Drived Antioxidants

Cov khoom siv tshuaj tiv thaiv tau los ntawm PDBCs tau txais kev saib xyuas ntau dua nyob rau xyoo tsis ntev los no vim tias lawv tuaj yeem tiv thaiv oxidative kev nyuaj siab, UVA hluav taws xob puas, thiab mob qog noj ntshav. Ntuj antioxidants, suav nrog polyphenols, flavonoids, vitamin C, thiab vitamin E, tsis ntev los no tau siv tshuaj pleev thaiv hnub thiab tsim cov tshuaj pleev ib ce vim lawv cov khoom muaj zog antioxidant, uas tuaj yeem tsim kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv UV hluav taws xob. Cov lus 1 thiab 2 qhia txog cov kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas tau ua los ntawm tib neeg thiab murine cell kab, ntsig txog, los kawm txog dermo-tiv thaiv los ntawm cov roj yam tseem ceeb, cov nroj tsuag rho tawm, thiab cov khoom rho tawm los ntawm cov nroj tsuag kab lis kev cai.

4. Cov txheej txheem cog qoob loo cog qoob loo rau kev tsim cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo

Nroj tsuag hauv vitro kab lis kev cai tuaj yeem siv los ua qhov chaw ntawm cov tshuaj antioxidants [25]. Siv cov kab lis kev cai no, cov tshuaj antioxidant molecules tuaj yeem tsim muaj ntau yam tsis muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm ib puag ncig. Ntau txoj hauv kev hauv vitro tuaj yeem siv tau xws li micropropagation, hauv vitro cag kab lis kev cai (cov hauv paus plaub hau), lossis callus thiab cell suspensions.

4.1. Adventitious Roots thiab Hairy Roots

Nws yog qhov tsim nyog tias hauv vivo cov hauv paus hniav tsim, feem ntau, cov tshuaj phytochemical ntau dua li lwm cov kab mob hauv nruab nrog cev. Rau lub hauv paus no, ib qho hauv vitro hauv paus-kev coj noj coj ua-raws li thev naus laus zis tau tsim los rau kev tsim cov tshuaj thib ob metabolites [76]. Nyob rau hauv vitro, adventitious cov hauv paus hniav muab lub peev xwm rau metabolite ntau lawm rau ib tug ncua sij hawm nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv vitro kab lis kev cai systems tsis poob genetic stability. Cov cuab yeej zoo tshaj plaws no tau lees paub los ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kab lis kev cai hauv vitro hauv paus [77]. Ob hom kab lis kev cai sib txawv tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv: cov kab lis kev cai tsis hloov pauv thiab hloov cov plaub hau hauv paus kab lis kev cai. Cov hauv paus hniav tsis hloov pauv tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm kev cog qoob loo hauv qhov muaj cov phytohormones tshwj xeeb, uas feem ntau yuav yog auxins xws li indole-butyric acid (IBA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), lossis naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). ) ib leeg, lossis qee zaum tau ua ke nrog cytokinins [78]. Tsis zoo li cov kab lis kev cai tsis hloov pauv, cov kab lis kev cai hloov pauv tau tsim los ntawm kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov nroj tsuag nrog Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Hloov cov plaub hau keeb kwm tau txais los ntawm ntau hom monocots thiab dicotyledonous nroj tsuag. Txoj kev vam meej ntawm txoj kev no feem ntau yog los ntawm T-DNA cheeb tsam hauv Ri plasmid ntawm Agrobacterium, uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev nthuav qhia zoo ntawm txawv teb chaws lossis sab nraud DNA mus rau hauv cov genome ntawm cov tswv tsev cog cell [77]. Cov txheej txheem kab mob tau pom tias txuas nrog lub neej ntawm cov noob caj noob ces hauv thaj tsam T-DNA. Lub luag haujlwm cov noob muaj xws li rolA, rolB, thiab rolC cov noob thiab suav rau qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov txheej txheem metabolite biosynthesis, nrog rolB yog qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws ntawm peb cov noob [79]. Lub tshuab hloov pauv muaj qhov ua tau ntawm kev qhia txawv teb chaws gene encoding rau kho cov nroj tsuag theem nrab metabolite txoj kev enzymes rau hauv cov nroj tsuag hlwb kom nce qhov tsim ntawm ib qho metabolite [77,79]. Qee qhov kev tshawb fawb tau qhia txog qhov ua tiav ntawm cov cuab yeej no hauv kev tsim cov molecules txaus siab. Rosmarinic acid ntau lawm tau ua tiav kev siv cov hauv paus plaub hau hloov pauv tau los ntawm kev tua kab lis kev cai ntawm Salvia officinalis hloov nrog Agrobacterium rhizogenes A4 thiab ARCC 15834 hom [80]. Rosmarinic acid kuj tau tsim los ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb cov hauv paus plaub hau tau los ntawm Agrobacterium rhizogene-mediated transformation ntawm Ocimum basilicum thiab Dracocephalum Moldavia nroj tsuag [81,82]. Cov rosmarinic acid npaum li cas ua tau txawv me ntsis nyob rau hauv hom, xws li ntawm 76.41 mg / g ntawm DW tau siv Ocimum basilicum plaub hau cag kab lis kev cai thiab 78.05 mg / g ntawm DW sau tseg siv Dracocephalum Moldavia A. rhizogene-transformed cag [81,82] . Rosmarinic acid ntau lawm tau tshawb xyuas los ntawm Shekarchi li al. (2012) nyob rau hauv 21 hom nroj tsuag belongs rau tsev neeg Labiatae uas tau zus nyob rau hauv cov xwm [83]. Cov kws sau ntawv tau pom tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm rosmarinic acid nyob nruab nrab ntawm 0 thiab 58.8 mg / g ntawm DW rau ntau hom, uas yog qis dua cov txiaj ntsig tau los ntawm kev siv cov hauv paus plaub hau hloov pauv. Kev tsim tawm los ntawm kev siv qhov no hauv vitro kab lis kev cai yog siab dua qhov uas tsim los ntawm vivo-cultivated cov hauv paus hniav, uas muab ib txoj hauv kev zoo rau kev tsim cov khoom lag luam uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.

Nws tau tsim dav dav tias cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke zais cia los ntawm cov hauv paus hniav sawv cev rau lub pas dej ntawm kev tiv thaiv molecules siv los ntawm cov nroj tsuag los txhim kho lawv cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv ntuj thiab tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej tiv thaiv kab mob tawm tsam [84]. Ntau cov kab lis kev cai plaub hau tau ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo vim lawv cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig phytochemical xws li resveratrol los ntawm Arachis hypogaea, indole alkaloids los ntawm Catharanthus roseus, artemisinin los ntawm Artemisia annua, thiab camptothecin los ntawm Camptotheca acuminata los yog Ophiorrhiza pumila. Sena et al. (2018) tau tshaj tawm tias muaj glucosinolates, hydroxycinnamic acids, thiab lawv cov glucoside derivatives hauv Brassica rapa cov kab lis kev cai plaub hau. Hydro-alcoholic-derived extract tau nthuav tawm lub zog tiv thaiv melanogenic kev ua haujlwm, muaj zog inhibition ntawm intracellular tyrosinase kev ua, thiab txo cov ntsiab lus melanin hauv thawj melanocytes. Qhov kev tiv thaiv melanogenic no tau muab piv rau qhov muaj peev xwm inhibition ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws tyrosinase-inhibiting tshuaj, kojic acid [71]. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev npaj glycoprotein tau txais los ntawm tib lub Brassica rapa cov kab lis kev cai plaub hau tau pom zoo li hypopigmented kev ua si thiab txo melanin tsub zuj zuj los ntawm kev tswj tsis zoo ntawm tyrosinase kev ua. Nws kuj cuam tshuam nrog lub teeb liab transduction cascade ntawm melanogenesis thiab tswj cov kev qhia ntawm microphthalmia-txuas transcription yam, uas yog lub npe hu ua ib tug tseem ceeb regulator ntawm melanin synthesis [71]. Panax ginseng cov plaub hau hauv paus kab lis kev cai tshaj tawm cov noob PAP1 (kev tsim cov tshuaj anthocyanin pigment 1) tau pom tias muaj cov tshuaj polyphenolic ntau ntxiv nrog rau anthocyanin [85]. Ntxiv mus, cov hydroalcoholic extracts tau los ntawm kev hloov cov plaub hau hauv paus kab lis kev cai tau pom zoo dermo-tiv thaiv cov khoom, nrog muaj zog inhibitory txiav txim tawm tsam elastase thiab tyrosinase enzymes [70,{19}}].

【Yog xav paub ntxiv:george.deng@wecistanche.com / WhatApp:86 13632399501 】