Dab tsi ua rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas daj? Ntu 1

Abstract:

Ua npaws daj (YF) tseem yog ib qho kev hem thawj rau kev noj qab haus huv thoob ntiaj teb, nrog rau cov kab mob loj zuj zus tuaj hauv thaj chaw sov ntawm lub ntiaj teb dhau los tsis ntev los no. Raws li qhov no, Txoj Cai Tshem Tawm YellowFever Epidemics Strategy tau tsim los tiv thaiv ib lab tus tib neeg uas muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm YF los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm xyoo 2026.

Ua npaws daj yog ib yam kab mob kis los ntawm tus kab mob thiab kis tau los ntawm yoov tshaj cum. Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ntawm tus kab mob muaj xws li kub taub hau, mob taub hau, mob nqaij, qaug zog, xeev siab, ntuav, thiab lwm yam. Cov mob hnyav tuaj yeem ua rau mob siab, raum tsis ua haujlwm, los ntshav, poob siab, thiab lwm yam. Txawm li cas los xij, kub taub hau daj tsis ua rau peb nco; ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau peb lub cev noj qab haus huv.

Ua ntej, kub taub hau daj tuaj yeem txhim kho lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Thaum peb kis tus kab mob khaub thuas daj, peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob los tiv thaiv tus kab mob los ntawm peb lub cev dua. Qhov no yuav ua rau peb lub cev tsis muaj zog thiab tiv taus kev tawm tsam los ntawm lwm yam kab mob thiab kab mob.

Qhov thib ob, kub taub hau daj tuaj yeem txhawb lub cev metabolism. Tus kab mob ua npaws daj tso siab rau lub cev cov dej num metabolic kom tsim thiab muaj sia nyob, uas yuav txhawb nqa peb lub cev cov metabolism thiab ua rau peb lub cev noj qab haus huv. Lub cev noj qab nyob zoo plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua kom lub hlwb ua haujlwm zoo thiab nco.

Thaum kawg, tus kab mob ua npaws daj ua rau peb lub hlwb ua haujlwm. Vim tias qhov kev tawm tsam los ntawm tus kab mob ua npaws daj ua rau peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, cov txheej txheem no tso tawm ntau cov tshuaj hormones thiab neurotransmitters, tshuaj uas txhawb nqa peb lub hlwb. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau peb lub hlwb ua haujlwm ntau dua thiab tseem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tswj hwm kev nco qab noj qab haus huv.

Ua kom tag, kub taub hau daj tsis ua rau peb nco. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau peb lub cev noj qab haus huv. Peb yuav tsum tswj hwm tus cwj pwm zoo thiab ntseeg tias peb lub cev muaj peev xwm kov yeej txhua yam kab mob thiab ua kom lub cev zoo thiab nco. Nws tuaj yeem pom tias peb yuav tsum txhim kho kev nco, thiab Cistanche deserticola tuaj yeem txhim kho kev nco, vim Cistanche deserticola muaj antioxidant, tiv thaiv kev mob, thiab tiv thaiv kev laus, uas tuaj yeem pab txo qis oxidation thiab inflammatory tshwm sim hauv lub hlwb, yog li tiv thaiv cov kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub paj hlwb. Tsis tas li ntawd, Cistanche deserticola kuj tseem tuaj yeem txhawb kev loj hlob thiab kho cov paj hlwb, yog li txhim kho kev sib txuas thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm neural networks. Cov teebmeem no tuaj yeem pab txhim kho kev nco, kev kawm muaj peev xwm, thiab kev xav nrawm, thiab tseem tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm kev paub tsis meej thiab cov kab mob neurodegenerative.

Nyem Paub txhawm rau txhim kho lub cim xeeb luv luv

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv YF tam sim no muab kev tiv thaiv zoo heev, tab sis kev siv nws raug txwv los ntawm kev tsis txaus ntawm cov khoom siv vim muaj teeb meem hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Muaj cov laj thawj zoo rau kev ntseeg tias lwm txoj kev siv tshuaj ntau npaum li cas tuaj yeem tsim kev tiv thaiv muaj zog thiab kov yeej qhov teeb meem ntawm cov khoom tsis txaus vim tias yuav tsum muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tsawg dua rau ib tus neeg. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tiv thaiv kab mob rau cov kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv no tseem tsis tau nkag siab tag nrho.

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv YF feem ntau tau txheeb xyuas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm lwm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ua haujlwm dhau ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo kuj tseem yuav ua rau muaj zog thiab tsis nco qab cov lus teb T-cell.

Qhov kev tshuaj xyuas no qhia txog qhov tsis sib xws hauv kev paub hauv tus yam ntxwv ntawm YF txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv thaum tsis muaj lossis muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis zoo.

Kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm biophysical antibody cov yam ntxwv thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cell-mediated tom qab YFvaccination tuaj yeem pab muab thaj chaw dav dav ntawm YF txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kev nkag siab zoo dua ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv.

Lo lus tseem ceeb: kab mob yellow fever; ua npaws daj; tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob npaws daj; humoral immune teb; cell-mediated immune teb.

1. Taw qhia

Yellow fever (YF) yog ib yam kab mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm tus kab mob YF (YFV) uas paub tias ua rau tuag li ntawm 30-60% ntawm cov neeg mob [1,2]. Kev kis thoob ntiaj teb txhua xyoo ntawm YF kis ntawm tib neeg yog kwv yees li ntawm 200, 000, nrog rau feem ntau cov neeg mob tau tshaj tawm nyob rau hauv sub-Saharan Africa thiab South America qhov chaw uas nws muaj kab mob [3].

Tshaj li tsib xyoos dhau los, tau muaj kev sib kis ntawm YF hauv Brazil, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, thiab Nigeria, nrog rau kev pheej hmoo kis mus rau lwm lub tebchaws thiab sab av loj [4].
Qhov kev hem thawj thoob ntiaj teb no tau ua rau tsim kom muaj Kev Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob Ntshav Qab Zib (EYE) Lub Tswv Yim, coj los ntawm World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), thiab Gavi, Lub Koom Haum Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv [5]. Lub tswv yim EYE lub hom phiaj los tiv thaiv ib lab tus tib neeg tawm tsam YF dhau los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm xyoo 2026 [5].

2. Molecular Biology ntawm YF

YFV yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm tsev neeg Flaviviridae thiab genus Flavivirus. Cov genus no suav nrog lwm cov kab mob tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu xws li Dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), tic-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), West Nile virus (WNV) thiab Japanese encephalitisvirus (JEV) [6].

Cov kab mob loj hlob virion yog tsim los ntawm ib lub hnab ntawv sab nrauv uas ua los ntawm cov lipid bilayer tau los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tus tswv thiab cov ntawv nrog dimers ntawm lub hnab ntawv (E) glycoprotein thiab membrane (M) protein [2,7].

Cov protein E muaj peb qhov sib txawv (I, II, thiab III). Domain I links domains II thiab III, domain II pab txhawb kev kis kab mob rau lub hom phiaj hlwb thiab fusion ntawm tus kab mob thiab tus tswv tsev cell membrane, thiab domain III yog xav tias yuav koom nrog hauv cell receptor binding [8].

Lub hnab ntawv nyob ib puag ncig lub capsid (C) enclosing tus kab mob genome uas yog ib leeg-stranded zoo-sensitive RNA ntawm kwv yees li 11 kilobases [2,7].

Tus kab mob genome muaj ib qho qhib kev nyeem ntawv uas encodes peb tus qauv proteins (E, C, thiab M) uas tsim cov kab mob sib kis, thiab xya yam tsis muaj txheej txheem (NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, thiab NS5) uas yog koom nrog hauv tus kab mob RNAreplication, kab mob sib dhos thiab kev hloov kho ntawm cov lus teb ntawm tus tswv tsev [2,7] (Daim duab 1).

Thaum kis tus kab mob, tus kab mob E protein pab txhawb kev nkag ntawm tus kab mob mus rau hauv lub hom phiaj cell viareceptor-mediated endocytosis, txawm hais tias cov receptors tshwj xeeb tseem tsis paub [8,9]. Theendosomes uas muaj tus kab mob no ces ua lag luam nyob rau hauv lub cytoplasm thiab acidicenvironment ntawm endosomes ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv loj hauv E protein uas ua rau fusion ntawm cov kab mob thiab endosome membranes, yog li tso cov viralgenome rau hauv cytosol [8-10].

Kev txhais lus thiab kev ua cov kab mob kis tau ua tiav los ntawm tus tswv signalases thiab tus kab mob-encoded protease (NS2B / NS3), feem [9]. TheRNA-dependent RNA polymerase (NS5) luam theej qhov tsis zoo-strand RNA los ntawm genomic RNA, uas ua haujlwm raws li tus qauv rau kev sib txuas ntawm cov kab mob tshiab zoo-strand viralRNA [11].

Virion los ua ke pib nyob rau hauv cov ntxhib endoplasmic reticulum uas yog immaturenon-kis kab mob yog tsim. Cov khoom no muaj M protein precursor (prM) thiab E glycoprotein tsim cov kab mob zoo li cov kab mob ntawm tus kab mob [12].

Viral maturation ces tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Golgi apparatus qhov twg prM yog cleaved, yielding tus kab mob kis nrog M thiab E proteins nyob rau saum npoo [12]. Kev tso tawm ntawm cov menyuam yaus virions tshwm sim hauv 10-12 teev tom qab kis kab mob [11].

Txawm hais tias ob qho tib si cov qauv thiab cov qauv tsis yog YF cov kab mob cov kab mob yog cov hom phiaj tiv thaiv kab mob, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tsis zoo (nAbs) tshwj xeeb yog qhia rau prM / M thiab E cov proteins, nrog Eprotein suav tias yuav ua rau muaj zog nAbs teb piv rau prM / M [8]. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau pom tias ib feem loj ntawm nAbs cov lus teb tshwj xeeb yog lub hom phiaj domain I thiab / ordomain II ntawm E protein [13].

Protein zoo sib xws thoob plaws tib neeg flaviviruses tuaj yeem ua rau tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sib kis. Piv txwv li, kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ua ntej nrog kev tsis ua haujlwm Japanese encephalitis txhim kho YF immunogenicity tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv YF [14].

Txawm li cas los xij, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv YF tsim ob peb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sib kis nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sib kis nrog tsuas yog li 6% ntawm YFVE-reactive monoclonal antibodies uas qhia txog kev sib cuam tshuam rau ib lossis ntau dua heterologousflavivirus E proteins [15].

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