Thai Nroj Tsuag Nrog Cov Qib Siab Antioxidant, Dawb Radical Scavenging Activity, Anti-tyrosinase Thiab Anti-collagenase Activity

Hu rau:

Hu rau:joanna.jia@wecistanche.com/ WhatsApp: 008618081934791

Moragot Chatatikun 1 and Anchalee Chiabchalard 2

Abstract

Keeb kwm:Ultraviolet hluav taws xob los ntawm lub hnub ci induces overproduction ntawm reactive oxygen hom (ROS) uas ua rau daim tawv nqaij photoaging thiab hyperpigmentation teeb meem. Novel whitening thiab anti-wrinkle tebchaw los ntawm naturalproducts tsis ntev los no los ua kev txaus siab. Lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj kev tshawb no yog nrhiav cov khoom uas txoROS hauv 14 Thaib cov nroj tsuag rho tawm.

Txoj kev:Txhawm rau txiav txim siab tag nrho phenolic thiabflavonoidcov ntsiab lus,antioxidantkev ua si,anti-tyrosinasekev ua haujlwm, thiab kev ua haujlwm los tiv thaiv collagenase, peb piv cov khoom ntawm 14 Thaib cov nroj tsuag npaj siv cov kuab tshuaj sib txawv (petroleum ether, dichloromethane, thiab ethanol).AntioxidantCov dej num raug txiav txim los ntawm DPPH thiab ABTS kev soj ntsuam.

Cov txiaj ntsig:Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus phenolic ntawm 14 Thaib cov nroj tsuag rho tawm tau pom nyob rau theem siab tshaj plaws hauv ethanol ua raws li dichloromethane thiab roj av ether rho tawm, raws li, thaumflavonoidCov ntsiab lus feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv lub dichloromethane feem. Kev ua haujlwm khawb av muaj li ntawm 7 mus rau 99 feem pua ​​​​scavenging raws li kev soj ntsuam los ntawm DPPH thiab ABTS assays.The ethanol nplooj extract ntawm Ardisia elliptica Thunb. muaj cov ntsiab lus phenolic siab tshaj plaws, kev ua haujlwm antioxidant, thiab collagenaseinhibition, thaum Cassia alata (L.) Roxb. extract muaj cov richestflavonoidcov ntsiab lus. Interestingly, peb cov nroj tsuag rho tawm, uas yog ethanolic feem ntawm Annona squamosa L., Ardisia elliptica Thunb. thiab Senna alata (L.) Roxb. muaj siabantioxidantcov ntsiab lus thiab kev ua si thiab tseem ceeb inhibited ob leegtyrosinasethiab collagenase.

Xaus:Peb qhov kev tshawb pom pom tias cov ethanol feem ntawm Annona Squamosa L., Ardisia elliptica Thunb. thiab Senna alata(L.) Roxb. qhia tau hais tias cog lus tias muaj peev xwm cov khoom xyaw rau cov khoom siv tshuaj pleev ib ce xws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv wrinkle thiab cov khoom ua kom tawv nqaij.

Ntsiab lus:Ardisia elliptica Thunb.,Antioxidantcov ntsiab lus, kev ua si pov tseg,Anti-tyrosinasekev ua haujlwm, Anti-collagenaseactivity

Flavonoid yog ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawmcistanche

Keeb kwm

Cov hluav taws xob ultraviolet (UVR) los ntawm lub hnub ci yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau cov qog nqaij hlav uas tsis yog melanoma thiab melanomaskin [1]. Overexposure rau tshav ntuj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog UVA thiab UVB, induces overexpression ntawm reactiveoxygen hom (ROS) uas ua rau puas lipids, proteins, thiab deoxyribonucleic acids. Collagen yog lub hauv paus loj ntawm extracellular matrix nyob rau hauv dermis txheej ntawm daim tawv nqaij. ROS ntau dhau tsub kom qhov kev nthuav qhia ntawm collagenase, ib qho protease uas degrades collagen uas tuaj yeem ua rau kev yees duab thiab wrinkling ntawm daim tawv nqaij [2]. Tsis tas li ntawd, UV raug induces melanin ntau lawm ua rau inhyperpigmentation.Tyrosinaseyog qhov tseem ceeb enzyme pib pigmentation. Ua ntej, L-tyrosine yog hydroxylated toform 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) los ntawm tyrosinase. Tom qab ntawd, L-DOPA yog oxidized rau DOPA quinone los ntawm tyrosinase. DOPA quinone ntxiv rau DOPAchrome uas tuaj yeem hloov mus rau 5,6-dihydroxyindole(DHI) lossis 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA)[3]. Cov kev kho mob tam sim no rau kev laus tawv nqaij koom nrog hydrokscid kom txo cov pexssin, thiab tawv nqaij muab los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj collagen. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kev kho mob no muaj qhov tsis zoo, xws li hyperpigmentation, o, cytotoxicity, irritation, thiab kab mob kab mob [4]. Qhov nrov tshaj plaws skinwhitening tus neeg sawv cev yog hydroquinone, uas inhibitstyrosinase, tab sis nws cov kev mob tshwm sim muaj xws li dermatitis, edema, kev tsis haum tshuaj, thiab ochronosis [5]. Tsis ntev los no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsom mus rau cov khoom ntuj tsim uas inhibit UV-induced ROS, suppressenzymes, thiab txo qis melanin tsim raws li lwm txoj kev kho mob tam sim no. Piv txwv li, active phytocompounds, xws li arbutin, aloesin, gentisic acid,flavonoids, hesperidin, licorice, niacinamide, poov xab derivatives, thiab polyphenols, inhibit melanogenesis yam tsis muaj cytotoxicity tomelanocytes [6]. Yog li, cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem txo qis kev tsim tawm thiab hyperpigmentation tshwm sim los ntawm tshav ntuj raug.

Lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj kev tshawb no yog txhawm rau txheeb xyuas 14 Thaib cov nroj tsuag uas tau muab rho tawm nrog peb cov kuab tshuaj sib txawv rau lawv qhov muaj peev xwm los tiv thaiv wrinkle thiab tawv nqaij dawb cov khoom xyaw. Tom qab ntawd tus lej ntawmantioxidantphenols thiabflavonoidsraug soj ntsuam rau kev sib raug zoo nrog dawb radical scavengingactivities, thiab anti-collagenase thiabanti-tyrosinasekev ua si. Cov extracts muajantioxidantsuas scavenged freeradicals thiab inhibited enzymes koom nrog hauv wrinkle thiab pigment tsim. Peb txheeb xyuas Ardisia elliptica Thunb., Annona squamosa L., thiab Senna alata (L.) Roxb yog tus neeg sib tw muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev siv hauv cov khoom siv tshuaj pleev ib ce.

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Cov txheej txheem

Tshuaj thiab reagents

Folin Ciocalteu's phenol reagent, sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), gallic acid, quercetin, 10% aluminium chloride, ethanol, 2, 2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ascorbicacid, 2,2′-Azino- bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)(ABTS), potassium persulfate, kojic acid, nceb tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1), 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine(L- DOPA), N-[3-(2-furyl) acryloyl]-Leu-Gly-Pro-Ala (FALGPA), collagenase los ntawm Clostridium histolyticum (EC3.4.24.3), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) , sodium chloride, calcium chloride thiab dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) tau yuav los ntawm Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Petroleum ether, dichloromethane, absolute ethanol, methanol, disodium hydrogen phosphate, thiab sodium dihydrogen phosphate tau yuav los ntawm Merck (Darmstadt, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees). Tag nrho cov tshuaj thiab reagents yog analytical qib.

Cog cov ntaub ntawv thiab extraction

Kaum peb hom nplooj Thaib tau sau los ntawm HRH Princess Sirindhorn Herb Garden, Rayong xeev, Thaib teb. Mangosteens tau los ntawm xeev Chanthaburi, Thaib teb. Cov nroj tsuag no tau raug lees paub thiab muab tso rau hauv Herbarium, Department of Botany, Kws qhia ntawv ntawm Science, Chulalongkorn University, Thaib teb. Cov npe kev tshawb fawb, tus lej daim npav, thiab cov khoom cog muaj nyob rau hauv Table 1. Cov nroj tsuag tau muab rho tawm los ntawm kev siv Soxhlet apparatus. Hauv luv luv, 10 g ntawm cov nroj tsuag qhuav tau muab rho tawm cais nrog petrolemether, dichloromethane thiab ethanol. Cov kuab tshuaj raug tshem tawm siv lub tshuab nqus tsev evaporator nyob rau hauv kev txo qis siv MiVac Quattro concentrator. Cov qauv sib xyaw ua ke tau yaj hauv DMSO ntawm 100 mg / ml thiab khaws cia ntawm -20 degree kom txog thaum siv. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov extracts qhuav tau nthuav tawm hauv Table 1 raws li feem pua ​​w/w qhuav cog cov ntaub ntawv.

Kev txiav txim siab ntawm tag nrho cov ntsiab lus phenolic

Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus phenolic ntawm cov nroj tsuag rho tawm tau soj ntsuam siv txoj kev Folin-Ciocalteu [7]. Luv luv, 50 ul ofextracts ntawm 1 mg / ml hauv dej distilled yog tov nrog 50 ul ntawm 10 feem pua ​​​​Folin-Ciocalteu reagent thiab 50 ul ntawm 0.1 M Na2CO3. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib tov yog incubated rau 1 h nyob rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj nti. Absorbance ntawm 750 nmwas ntsuas nrog microplate nyeem ntawv (Biotek, USA.). Gallic acid los ntawm 1.56 mus rau 100 ug / ml yog siv raws li tus qauv. Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus phenolic ntawm cov extracts yog nthuav tawm raws li mg gallic acid sib npaug (GAE) ib g khoom siv qhuav. Tag nrho cov qauv tau txheeb xyuas hauv triplicate.

Kev txiav txim siab cov ntsiab lus flavonoid

Tag nrhoflavonoidCov ntsiab lus (TFC) tau txiav txim siab siv thealuminium chloride (AlCl3) colorimetric assay [7]. Luv luv, 50 ul ntawm cov rho tawm ntawm 1 mg / ml hauv 80 feem pua ​​​​ethanol tau tov nrog 50 ul ntawm 2 feem pua ​​​​AlCl3 cov tshuaj hauv qhov dej ntawm 96 phab ntsa. Lub phaj yog incubated rau 15 feeb ntawm chav tsev kub. Lub absorbance ntawm 435 nm yog ntsuas lub microplate nyeem ntawv. Quercetin los ntawm 1.56 mus rau 100 ug / ml tau txais kev pabcuam raws li tus qauv. Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus flavonoid yog nthuav tawm raws li mg quercetin equivalents (QE) ib g khoom qhuav. Cov qauv tau txheeb xyuas hauv triplicate.

DPPH scavenging kev ua si

DPPH scavenging kev soj ntsuam tau ua raws li tau piav qhia los ntawm Yamasaki li al. [8]. DPPH tov tau npaj tshiab rau txhua qhov kev xeem. Luv luv, 100 ug/ml rho tawm los yog 1.56 rau 100 ug/ml ascorbic acid tus qauv nyob rau hauv kiag li methanol yog tov nrog 180 ul ntawm DPPH reagent nyob rau hauv ib tug 96 zoo-phaj. Qhov sib tov sib xyaw yog incubated rau 30 min ntawm chav tsev kub hauv qhov tsaus ntuj. Tom qab ntawd, qhov nqus ntawm 517 nm tau ntsuas nrog tus nyeem ntawv microplate. Cov kev sim tau ua tiav hauv triplicate. Lub absorbance ntawm 517 nm ntawm DPPH yog 0.70 ± 0.02 thiab txo qis absorbance ntsuas qhov kev ua si. Lub peev xwm scavenging raug xam raws li kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev khawb (%)=100 feem pua ​​× [(훥A517 ofcontrol - 훥A517 ntawm cov qauv) / 훥A517 ntawm kev tswj]. Cov feem pua ​​​​ntawm DPPH scavenging kev ua ntawm cov extracts tau muab piv nrog cov ascorbic acid, thiab tau qhia tias mgvitamin C sib npaug.antioxidantmuaj peev xwm (VCEAC) rau gdry cog khoom. IC50 tau txiav txim los ntawm ib daim duab ntawm feem pua ​​inhibition tiv thaiv concentration (los ntawm 0.78-100 ug / ml ntawm txhua extract).

ABTS scavenging kev ua si

ABTS dawb radical scavenging kev ua tau ua raws li tau piav qhia [9]. Lub ABTS• ntxiv rau kev ua haujlwm reagent tau npaj los ntawm kev sib xyaw 7 mM ABTS• thiab 2.45 mM potassium persulfate ntawm 8: 12 ntim / ntim piv. Cov tshuaj ua haujlwm tau khaws cia rau 16 mus rau 18 teev ntawm chav tsev kub hauv qhov tsaus ntuj. Lub ABTS• ntxiv cov tshuaj tau diluted nrog kiag li ethanol muab ib qho absorbance ntawm 734 nm ntawm 0.70 ± 0.02. Tom qab ntawd, 100 ug / ml rho tawm los yog 1.56 txog 100 ug / ml ascorbic acid tus qauv hauv cov ethanol kiag li tau ntxiv rau 180 ul ntawm ABTS• ntxiv rau kev ua haujlwm reagent hauv qhov dej ntawm 96well phaj. Lub phaj yog incubated rau 45 min ntawm chav tsev kub, thiab absorbance yog ntsuas ntawm 734 nm. Kev sim tau ua nyob rau hauv triplicate. Lub scavengingability tau xam raws li kev ua si scavenging (%)=100 × [(훥A734 ntawm kev tswj - 훥A734 ntawm cov qauv) / 훥A734 ntawm kev tswj]. Cov feem pua ​​​​ntawm ABTS scavenging kev ua ntawm cov extracts tau muab piv nrog cov ascorbic acid, thiab tau nthuav tawm asmg vitamin C sib npaug.antioxidantmuaj peev xwm (VCEAC) ib g qhuav cog khoom. IC50 tau txiav txim siab los ntawm agraph ntawm feem pua ​​​​ inhibition tiv thaiv concentration (los ntawm 15.62-1000 ug / ml ntawm txhua cov extract).

Kev txiav txim siab ntawm nceb tyrosinase inhibition

Txoj kev dopachrome tau ua nrog kev hloov kho me ntsis [10]. Luv luv, 20 ul ntawm cov nroj tsuag rho tawm los yog DMSO (raws li kev tswj), 20 ul ntawm 203.3 units / ml nceb tyrosinase thiab 140 ul ntawm 20 mM phosphate buffer atpH 6.8 tau ua ntej incubated rau 10 min ntawm 25 degree. Tom qab ua ntej incubation, 20 ul ntawm 2.5 mM L-DOPA tau ntxiv thiab cov qauv raug muab tso rau ntxiv 20 min ntawm 25 degree. Tus nqi ntawm dopachrome tau ntsuas ntawm 492 nm nrog tus nyeem ntawv microplate. Kojic acid (KA) tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev tswj hwm zoo rau inhibition. Qhov feem pua ​​inhibition ntawm tyrosinase kev ua haujlwm (feem pua) yog expressas feem puatyrosinaseinhibition {{{0}}} × [(훥A492 ntawm kev tswj -훥A492 ntawm cov qauv)/ 훥A492 ntawm kev tswj]. Qhov kawg concentrations ntawm cov extracts thiab kojic acid yog 1 and0.1 mg / ml, raws li. IC50 tau txiav txim siab los ntawm agraph ntawm feem puatyrosinaseinhibition tiv thaiv concentration (los ntawm 15.62-1000 ug / ml ntawm txhua cov extract).

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Kev txiav txim siab ntawm collagenase inhibition

Collagenase inhibition tau txiav txim siab los ntawm txoj kev piav qhia yav dhau los [11]. Luv luv, 40 ul ntawm collagenase los ntawm Clostridium histolyticum ntawm 0.25 units / ml hauv 50 mM Tricine tsis muaj 10 mM CaCl2 thiab 400 mM NaCl, thiab 10 ul ntawm 50 mM Tricine tsis yog tov nrog 10 ntawm cov extracts los yog DMSO (raws li kev tswj). Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) tau siv los ua kev tswj xyuas zoo. Tom qab 15-min incubation ntawm chav tsev kub, 50 ul ntawm N-[3-(2-furyl)acryloyl]-Leu-Gly-Pro-Ala (FALGPA) tau ntxiv. Lub absorbance tau ntsuas ntawm 340 nm tam sim ntawd thiab txuas ntxiv rau 20 min. Kev ua haujlwm enzyme raug ntsuas los ntawm kev txo qis absorbance thaum lub sij hawm ncua. Qhov feem pua ​​​​ inhibition ntawm collagenase kev ua haujlwm tau suav tias yog 100 × [(Kev Tswj Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm - Kev Ua Haujlwm Ntawm Cov Qauv) / Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Kev Tswj]. Qhov kawg concentrations ntawm cov extracts thiab epigallocatechin gallate yog 1 thiab 0.1 mg / ml, feem. IC50 tau txiav txim los ntawm agraph ntawm feem pua ​​collagenase inhibition tiv thaiv concentration (los ntawm 15.62-1000 ug / ml ntawm txhua extract).

Kev txheeb cais

Tag nrho cov kev sim tau ua nyob rau hauv triplicate thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia tias yog ± tus qauv yuam kev. Lub correlationcoefficiency (R2) ntawmantioxidantCov ntsiab lus thiab cov haujlwm antioxidant tau txiav txim siab los ntawm kev siv SigmaPlotversion 12.2 software. Qhov sib txawv ntawm ob txhais tau tias raug ntsuas los ntawm Tub Ntxhais Kawm T-test. Qhov sib txawv tau suav tias yog qhov tseem ceeb thaum P-tus nqi tsawg dua 0.05.

Cov txiaj ntsig

Extraction yields

Table 1 qhia cov npe scientific, voucher tooj thiab cov nroj tsuag ntawm 14 Thai nroj tsuag siv nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no.Qhov feem pua ​​​​yields ntawm cov extracts ranged ntawm 0.73 feem pua ​​​​rau 31.11 feem pua ​​ntawm qhov hnyav (Table 1). Ardisia elliptica Thunb. muaj cov txiaj ntsig siab tshaj plaws hauv cov roj av ether (19.89 feem pua) andethanol extracts (31.11 feem pua), whereas Garcinia mangostanL. muaj feem ntau tshaj tawm los ntawm dichloromethaneextraction (11.07 feem pua).

Phenolic cov ntsiab lus ntawm 14 Thai nroj tsuag

Yog li, tag nrho cov ntsiab lus phenolic hauv cov nroj tsuag tau txiav txim siab los ntawm txoj kev Folin-Ciocalteu. Cov extracts muaj ntau yam nyob rau hauv tus naj npawb ntawm phenols raws li qhia nyob rau hauv Table 2, thiab muaj nuj nqis varied los ntawm 33-fold ntawm cov extracts. Ardisiaelliptica Thunb. muaj cov ntsiab lus phenol siab tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv tag nrho peb hom kev rho tawm, qhov qis tshaj phenolic cov ntsiab lus tau tshwm sim hauv Stemona curtissi Hook. f. roj av etherextract.

Flavonoid ntsiab lus ntawm 14 Thai nroj tsuag

Zoo ib yam li phenols, tag nrhoflavonoidcov ntsiab lus sib txawv ntawm cov hom nroj tsuag, xws li 2.04 ± 0.16 txog 31.38 ± 0.81 mg QE ib g khoom qhuav (Table 2). Feem ntau, dichloromethane extraction yielded siab tshajflavonoidqib piv nrog rau lwm cov kuab tshuaj. Ntawm tag nrho cov extracts, qhov ntau tshaj plaws flavonoid muaj nyob rau hauv ethanol extractfrom Senna alata (L.) Roxb nplooj (31.38 ± 0.81 mg QE perg qhuav khoom). Ntawm qhov tod tes, Ardisia elliptica Thunb.(23.14 ± 1.10 mg QE ib g qhuav khoom). muaj cov ntsiab lus nplua nuj tshaj plaws ntawm flavonoid hauv dichloromethane feem. Ntxiv mus, Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R.br. muaj cov ntsiab lus flavonoid siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov roj av ether rho tawm (27.48 ± 2.59 mg QE ib g khoom qhuav). Cov qib flavonoid qis tshaj plaws yog nyob rau hauv ethanol extract los ntawm Daturametel L. Los ntawm kev sib piv stark,flavonoidstsis pom nyob rau hauv cov roj av ether thiab dichloromethane rho tawm los ntawm Stemona curtisii Hook.f., thiab roj av ether rho tawm los ntawm Streblus asper Lour. thiab Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels.Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus flavonoid tsis cuam tshuam nrog tag nrho cov ntsiab lus phenolic (R2=0.0284, Fig. 1a).

DPPH radical scavenging kev ua si nyob rau hauv sib txawv extracts ntawm 14 Thai nroj tsuag

Dawb radical scavenging kev ua si siv DPPH raws li qhov taw qhia yog qhov yooj yimantioxidantkev ntsuas [12]. Raws li pom nyob rau hauv Table 3, cov kev ua ub no ntawm cov extracts txawv heev, xws li ntawm 7.11 ± 0.59 feem pua ​​​​rau 96.17 ± 0.05 feem pua. Ardisia ellipticaThunb ethanol extract muaj qhov ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws ntawm 96 feem pua. Ntxiv mus, lub zog tom ntejantioxidant activities (>90 feem pua) tau pom nyob rau hauv ethanol feem ntawm Stemonacurtisii Hook.f., Annona squamosa L., Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeles. thiab Garcinia mangostana Linn. Hais txog lwm cov kuab tshuaj, Ardisia elliptica Thunb kuj muaj cov kev ua haujlwm nplua nuj tshaj plaws ntawm cov roj av ether feem, thiab Garcinia mangostana L. muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab tshaj plaws hauv dichloromethane feem. Qhov qis tshaj qhov peev xwm raug kuaj pom hauv Croton sublyratus Kurz hauv cov roj av ether feem. Tsis muaj cov khoom pov tseg tau tshawb pom hauv 7 roj av ether rho tawm, thiab 2 dichloromethane rho tawm.

ABTS radical scavenging kev ua si nyob rau hauv sib txawv extracts los ntawm 14 Thai nroj tsuag

AntioxidantKev ua ntawm aqueous thiab lipid theem nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag kuj tau soj ntsuam los ntawm ib tug decolorization assayusing ABTS [13]. Ntxiv dua thiab, ascorbic acid tau txais txiaj ntsig raws li tus qauvantioxidant. As with the DPPH assay, scavenging activity in the ABTS assay varied greatly among the plant preparations with a similarly broad range from 8.03 ± 0.54% to 99.84 ± 0.07% (Table 4). Furthermore, the next strongest scavenging activities (> 90%) were observed in the same 4 ethanol fractions as shown by the DPPH assay. In addition, no scavenging activity was found in the same 5 petroleum ether extracts. In general, the values obtained with the ABTS assay were higher than the DPPH values. Hence, activity in the ethanol extract from Senna alata (L.) Roxb. was now observed as >90 feem pua ​​​​, thiab kev ua si scavenger tau tshawb pom nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov dichloromethane extracts, thiab roj av etherextracts los ntawm Annona squamosa L. thiab Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R.br. uas tsis tau kuaj pom los ntawm DPPH kev soj ntsuam.

Tyrosinase kev ua haujlwm inhibition los ntawm cov nroj tsuag rho tawm

Lub peev xwm ntawm cov tebchaw los ntawm Thaib cov nroj tsuag rau inhibitmushroomtyrosinaseKev ua haujlwm tau raug soj ntsuam siv qhov kev ntsuam xyuas invitro nrog L-DOPA ua lub substrate. Kojic acid tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev paub inhibitor thiab ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv maximalenzymatic ntawm 93.38 ± 1.63 feem pua. Raws li pom nyob rau hauv daim duab 5, tsuas yog ethanol extracts ho inhibited tyrosinase kev ua si, nrog Ardisia elliptica Thunb. kev npaj ua qhov kev zam. Cov roj av ether thiab dichloromethane feem ntawm Ardisia elliptica Thunb. inhibited tyrosinase kev ua haujlwm los ntawm kwv yees li 20 feem pua. Lub ethanolfraction los ntawm Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz (IC 50 tus nqi ntawm 271.50 ug / ml) yog lub zog tshaj tyrosinase inhibitor, ua raws li ethanol rho tawm los ntawm Ardisia ellipticaThunb. thiab Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels. Lwm cov ethanolfractions txo qis kev ua haujlwm enzymatic los ntawm ntau dua 20 feem pua ​​(Table 5), qhov seem ntawm cov extracts tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam tsis pom kev (cov ntaub ntawv tsis qhia).

Collagenase kev ua haujlwm inhibition los ntawm 14 cov nroj tsuag

Cov extracts tau raug sim rau kev ua los tiv thaiv collagenase siv Clostridium histolyticum collagenase, thiab N-[3-(2-furyl)acryloyl]-Leu-Gly-Pro-Ala (FALGPA) raws li substrate.Epigallatecatechin gallate yog ib tug paub collagenase inhibitor thiab txo cov kev ua haujlwm enzymatic los ntawm 90.51 ± 2.79 feem pua. Raws li pom nyob rau hauv Table 5, tsuas yog 4 ethanol extracts muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv collagenase inhibitory kev ua. Ntawm cov uas ua rau inhibition, Ardisia elliptica Thunb. (IC 50 tus nqi ntawm 157.78 ug / ml) tau nthuav tawm cov qib siab tshaj plaws ntawm collagenaseinhibition, ua raws li Annona squamosa L. (IC 50 tus nqi ntawm 426.67 ug / ml), Senna alata (L.) Roxb., thiab Croton sublyratusKurz nyob rau hauv qeb. xaj. Lwm cov nroj tsuag rho tawm tsis cuam tshuam rau collagenase kev ua haujlwm hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv txoj kev tshawb no (cov ntaub ntawv tsis qhia).

Kev sib tham

Hnub ci hluav taws xob yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ib puag ncig hauv kev puas tsuaj ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab tuaj yeem ua rau mob qog noj ntshav [14]. UV hluav taws xob ua rau cov lus teb tiv thaiv kab mob, extracellular matrixdegradation thiabantioxidantkev tawm tsam [15, 16]. UV ua rau kev tsim cov pa oxygen reactive hom (ROS) uas inducehyperpigmentation thiab collagenase qhia [17, 18].Peb txoj kev tshawb fawb tau tshawb xyuas 14 Thaib cov nroj tsuag muab rho tawm nrog peb cov kuab tshuaj sib txawv rau lawv lub peev xwm los tiv thaiv wrinkle thiab tawv nqaij dawb cov khoom xyaw. Hauv txoj kev tshawb no, peb tau siv roj av ether, dichloromethane thiab ethanol rau cov nroj tsuag rho tawm siv Soxhlet apparatus. Ardisia elliptica Thunb. muaj cov txiaj ntsig siab tshaj plaws hauv cov roj av ether thiab ethanol extracts, whereas Garcinia mangostana L. muaj cov txiaj ntsig siab tshaj plaws los ntawm dichloromethane extraction. Cov kuab tshuaj no yog cov kuab tshuaj organic uas muaj cov polarities nce ntxiv. Kev sib txawv ntawm cov feem pua ​​​​yields nyob ntawm hom nroj tsuag, thiab tej zaum yuav cuam tshuam qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov nroj tsuag.

Phenolics yog pawg loj tshaj plaws ntawm phytochemicals pom nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag thiab lawv muaj ntau yam kev lom zem nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj, nrog rau tib neeg [19]. Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus phenolic hauv cov nroj tsuag tau txiav txim siab los ntawm txoj kev Folin Ciocalteu. Zuag qhia tag nrho, cov ethanol feem muaj cov ntsiab lus phenolic tshaj plaws, ua raws li dichloromethane, thaum roj av ether nrog cov polarity tsawg muaj cov ntsiab lus phenolic qis tshaj piv rau lwm cov kuab tshuaj. Hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb no, Ardisia elliptica Thunb. muaj cov ntsiab lus phenolic siab tshaj plaws hauv tag nrho peb hom kev rho tawm. Hauv cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los, dichloromethane nplooj extracts ntawm Ardisia elliptica Thunb.have phenolic cov ntsiab lus ntawm 101 ± 1.3 mg GAE ib g khoom qhuav, uas yog ntau tshaj cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv ib tug twigextract [20]. Ntxiv mus, ib tug methanol extract ntawm ripeArdisia txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj 5.64 ± 0.37 g GAE ib 100 g extract [21]. Li no, nplooj thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm Ardisia ellipticThunb. muaj cov ntsiab lus phenolic siab uas tuaj yeem yooj yim rho tawm nrog methanol, dichloromethane, thiab ethanol.

Flavonoidsyog pigments nyob rau hauv paj, nplooj, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab noob. Cov tebchaw no yog cov metabolites theem nrab ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab tau nthuav dav ntawm cov nroj tsuag hom [22].Tom ntej no, cov ntsiab lus flavonoid nyob rau hauv Thaib cov nroj tsuag tau soj ntsuam siv cov tshuaj txhuas chloride colorimetric assay. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias qhov ntau tshaj plaws flavonoid tau pom nyob rau hauv ethanol extract los ntawm Senna alata (L.) Roxbleaves. Hauv kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los, cov ntsiab lus flavonoid siab tau pom hauv dej (4.25 mg QE ib 100 g) thiab methanol feem (3.97 mg QE ib 100 g) ntawm Senna alata (L.) Roxb.[23]. Yog li, Senna alata (L.) Roxb npaj muaj cov ntsiab lus flavonoid siab thaum muab rho tawm nrog cov polaritysolvents siab xws li ethanol, methanol, thiab dej. Ardisiaelliptica Thunb. muaj cov nplua nuj flavonoid cov ntsiab lus hauv dichloromethane feem. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag no kuj muaj cov ntsiab lus flavonoid siab ntawm 36.91 ± 2.37 mg QE ib g extract [24] .Li no, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab nplooj ntawm Ardisia elliptica Thunb. yog nplua nuj flavonoids. Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus flavonoid tsis cuam tshuam nrog tag nrho cov ntsiab lus phenolic. Txawm li cas los xij,flavonoidsmuaj ntau yam kev lom zem xws li kev tiv thaiv UVB [25], tiv thaiv kab mob [26], tiv thaiv hepatotoxicity [27] thiab tiv thaiv kab mob [28].

Dawb radical scavenging kev ua si siv DPPH thiab ABTSassay. Hauv kev ntsuam xyuas DPPH, DPPH tau txais hydrogenatom los ntawm ib qhoantioxidant[29]. Peb pom tias Ardisiaelliptica Thunb ethanol extract muaj qhov ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws. Lwm cov neeg tshawb xyuas kuj tau tshaj tawm cov dichloromethane feem ntawm Ardisia elliptica Thunb.leaves thiab stems muaj qib siab.antioxidantkev ua haujlwm tau txiav txim siab los ntawm DPPH kev soj ntsuam, thiab, yog li, cov nroj tsuag no nthuav dav heev los tshawb xyuas ntxiv raws li kev kho tshuaj ntsuab [20]. Cov extracts los ntawm cov ethanol feem nrog siab polarity kom meej meej pom zooantioxidantKev ua haujlwm ntau dua cov feem nrog qis polarities uas muaj dichloromethane thiab roj av ether. Ethanol extracts muaj cov qib siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov dawb radical scavenging kev ua piv nrog rau lwm cov extracts, thiab tag nrho cov ethanol rho tawm tau ua haujlwm. Hauv kev ntsuam xyuas ABTS, ABTS tau hloov mus rau nws cov radicalcation los ntawm kev ntxiv cov poov tshuaj persulfate. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib qho antioxidant, cov reactive ABTS cation (los yog ABTS• ntxiv ) tau hloov mus rau nws cov xim tsis muaj xim [9]. Nyob rau hauv kev pom zoo nrog DPPH kev soj ntsuam, ethanol extracts muaj cov qib siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua si scavenger piv nrog rau lwm cov extracts. Ntxiv dua thiab, cov kev ua ub no siab tshaj plaws inethanol, dichloromethane, thiab roj av ether extractswere los ntawm tib cov nroj tsuag raws li qhia los ntawm DPPH assay.Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm DPPH thiab ABTS kev soj ntsuam tau muaj kev sib raug zoo raws li qhov xav tau (Daim duab 1f).

Txawm li cas los xij, tag nrhoflavonoidcov ntsiab lus ntawm cov nroj tsuag extractsdid tsis correlated nrog dawb radical scavenger kev soj ntsuam xyuas los ntawm DPPH assay (Fig. 1c) los yog ABTSassay (Fig. 1e). Peb qhov kev tshawb pom tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib raug zooflavonoidcov ntsiab lus thiab kev ua si scavenger siv qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ABTS zoo ib yam nrog rau lwm cov neeg soj ntsuam cov txiaj ntsig [30]. Los ntawm qhov sib piv, tag nrho cov ntsiab lus phenolic ntawm cov nroj tsuag kev npaj tau zoo sib raug zoo nrog kev tshawb nrhiav scavengeractivity ntsuas los ntawm ob qho kev ntsuam xyuas (Daim duab 1b thiab d) tsis pom zoo nrog kev kawm yav dhau los [31]. Nco ntsoov, cov kev ua ub no nyob ntawm tag nrho cov ntsiab lus phenolic thiab cov kuab tshuaj nrog cov polarities siab, xws li ethanol thiab dichloromethane. Cov txiaj ntsig no qhia tias cov ntsiab lus phenolic yog qhov tseem ceeb nrogantioxidantkev ua si hauv 14 Thai nroj tsuag.

Melanin, cov xim loj ntawm cov tawv nqaij thiab cov plaub hau xim, yog tsim los ntawm melanocytes hauv melanosomes. Overproduction thiab tsub zuj zuj ntawm melanin nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij tej zaum yuav ua rau topigmentary mob thiab aesthetic teeb meem. Hyperpigmentation tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tshav ntuj ntawm daim tawv nqaij [32]. Hauv melanogenesis,tyrosinaseyog qhov tseem ceeb enzyme nyob rau hauv tus nqi-txheej theem nyob rau hauv uas L-tyrosine yog hydroxylated rau L-DOPA, uas yog ntxiv oxidized rau hauv DOPAquinone. Tom qab ntawd, nws hloov mus rau hauv DOPAchrome uas yog ib qho substrate rau melanin synthesis [3]. Downregulation ntawmtyrosinaseKev ua haujlwm tau raug npaj los ua lub luag haujlwm rau txo qis melanin ntau lawm. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshiab whiteningphytochemical tebchaw los ntawm cov khoom ntuj tau dhau los ua ib qho kev loj hlob. Peb qhov kev tshawb pom pom tias cov ethanol feem ntawm Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz yog qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws tyrosinase inhibitor, ua raws li ethanol rho tawm los ntawm Ardisia elliptica Thunb. thiab Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels. Pom tseeb, 7 nroj tsuag los ntawm 14 nroj tsuag muaj cov ntsiab lus phenolic siab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Ardisiaelliptica Thunb. thiab Annona squamosa L. Ntxiv mus, Senna alata (L.) Roxb. muaj tus nplua nujflavonoidcov ntsiab lus uas tuaj yeem inhibit tyrosinase kev ua haujlwm. Active compounds los ntawm cov nroj tsuag xws li arbutin, aloesin, gentisic acid, flavonoids, hesperidin, licorice, niacinamide, poov xab derivatives, thiab polyphenols, yuav inhibit melanogenesis yam tsis muaj cytotoxicity rau melanocytes [6].

Collagenase yog transmembrane zinc peptidase uas tshem tawm X-Gly daim ntawv cog lus ntawm collagen. Collagen yog cov protein ntau ntau thiab cov khoom siv ntxiv ntawm cov cellular matrix [33] .Txo collagen thiab elastin fibers nce nrog hnub nyoog thiab kev puas tsuaj los ntawm UV hluav taws xob inducing wrinkled daim tawv nqaij [34]. Collagenase inhibition tau npaj los tiv thaiv kev laus ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Ntawm cov uas ua rau inhibition hauv peb txoj kev tshawb fawb, Ardisiaelliptica Thunb. tau nthuav tawm cov qib siab tshaj plaws ntawm collagenaseinhibition, ua raws li Annona squamosa L., Senna alata (L.) Roxb., thiab Croton sublyratus Kurz nyob rau hauv qeb. Hauv kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los, cocoa pod extract muaj phenolic acid thiabflavonoidsuas inhibited elastase thiab collagenase kev ua haujlwm [35].Qhov tseem ceeb, peb cov ethanol rho tawm (Ardisia elliptica Thunb., Annona squamosa L., thiab Senna alata (L.) Roxb. inhibited ob leeg.tyrosinasethiab collagenase. Cov nroj tsuag no kuj muaj cov qib highphenolic thiab flavonoid, thiabantioxidantactivity.Interestingly, cov extracts tau siv tau los ua cov khoom xyaw rau cov khoom kom zoo nkauj.

Xaus

Peb cov qhabnias qhia tau tias cov extracts ntawm 14 Thai planthad sib txawv degrees ntawm tag nrho cov phenolic thiabflavonoidcov ntsiab lus nrog rau cov dawb radical scavenging kev ua ub no, nyob ntawm seb cov kuab tshuaj extraction. Muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm tag nrho cov ntsiab lus phenolic thiab dawb radical scavenging kev soj ntsuam los ntawm DPPH thiab ABTS kev soj ntsuam. Lub ethanol feem ntawm Ardisia ellipticaThunb. muaj cov ntsiab lus phenolic siab tshaj plaws, ua raws li Annona squamosa L. Ob tsob nroj cuam tshuam tyrosinase thiab collagenase kev ua ub no, thaum Rhinacanthusnasutus (L.) Kurz pom qhov siab tshaj plaws tyrosinase inhibition. Ntxiv mus, Senna alata (L.) Roxb. yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus flavonoid, thiab kuj nthuav tawmtyrosinasethiab collagenase inhibitory cwj pwm. Cov ethanol feem ntawm peb cov nroj tsuag, uas yog Annona squamosa L., Ardisia elliptica Thunb, thiab Senna alata (L.) Roxb., muaj peev xwm los ua cov khoom xyaw hauv cov khoom kom zoo nkauj rau kev tiv thaiv wrinkling nrog rau cov tawv nqaij dawb. Cov kev tshawb fawb ntxiv yog tsim nyog los tshawb xyuas cov khoom nquag thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov extracts.

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