Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Cov Khoom Siv Tshuaj Ntawm Cistanche Nroj Tsuag

Yog xav paub ntxiv. tiv taujtina.xiang@wecistanche.com

Cistanche (CistancheHerba ) yog lub qia succulent ntawm Cistanche nrog qhuav scaly nplooj nyob rau hauv genus Cistanche ntawm tsev neeg O roban2chaceae. Nws tau sau thawj zaug hauv "Shen Nong's Materia Medica", uas tau teev tseg raws li qib siab tshaj plaws. Tom qab ntawd, muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv classical "Ben Cao Jing Shu", "Ben Cao Hui Yan", thiab "Yue Hua Zi Materia Medica". Li Shizhen tau hais tias: "Qhov no yog tonic tab sis tsis hnyav, yog li nws muaj kev mob siab." Cistanche yog qab zib, qab ntsev, thiab sov hauv qhov xwm txheej. Nws muaj lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub raum invigorating thiab ntxiv dag zog rau yang, sau cov ntsiab lus thiab cov pob txha, nourishing ntshav thiab moisturizing dryness, thiab lub neej ntev. cem quav, thiab lwm yam. Nws tau siv nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws rau ntau tshaj 2, 000 xyoo, thiab nws cov tsos tus nqi yog thawj nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj ntawm Zengli tsoos suav tshuaj, thiab nws nyob qib thib ob tom qab ginseng nyob rau hauvanti-agingthiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kev laus. Vim tias muaj ntau ntxiv ntawm cov peev txheej tsiaj qus ntawm Cistanche, nws tau raug teev tseg raws li hom kev tiv thaiv thib ob hauv kuv lub tebchaws, thiab tau suav nrog hauv "International Wild Plant Protection List". Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tshiab hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws, daim ntawv no tsom mus rau kev tshawb fawb kev nce qib ntawm kev faib khoom, cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg, thiab cov tshuaj siv tshuaj ntawm Cistanche deserticola rau siv.

Nyem qhov no kom paub ntau yam khoom

1. Cistanche Txheej txheem cej luam (Cistanche yog dab tsi)

Tus thawjCistanche cogNws yog cov kab mob cab ntawm cov genus Cistanche hauv tsev neeg Lidanaceae. Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no muaj txog 20 hom, thiab muaj 6 hom thiab 1 ntau yam nyob rau hauv kuv lub teb chaws:Cistanche deserticolaMa.Cistanche tubulosa(Schenk) R. W right, ( tell cistanche deserticola vs tubulosa) Cistanche salted Cistanche salsa (CA Mey) G. Beck, Cistanche sinensis G. Beck, Cistanche lanzhouensis ZY Zhang, Cistanche am bigua (Bge.) G. Beck 6 hom thiab 1 variant Cistanche salsa var. albi2 flor PF Tu et ZC Lou. Cistanche feem ntau yog cog rau hauv av saline-alkali, qhuav dej ditch, av xuab zeb, Gobi, thiab suab puam ib puag ncig. Kev nyab xeeb yog qhov tsis tshua muaj dej khov, lub hnub ci muaj zog, nag lossis daus txhua xyoo tsawg dua 250 hli, qhov kev hloov ntawm qhov txias thiab cua sov yog qhov hnyav, cua muaj zog thiab xuab zeb, cov av tsis zoo tsim, thiab cov av txheej nyias nyias. , ntxhib kev ntxhib los mos thiab tsis muaj cov organic teeb meem. Nws muaj qee qhov txias thiab drought tsis kam. Nws yog kab mob parasitic ntawm cov hauv paus hniav ntawm cov nroj tsuag xws li cov xuab zeb liab, ntsev claw, nplooj-bearing ntsev claw, pearl, Siberia, thiab lwm yam. Nws yog tsuas yog faib nyob rau hauv kuv lub teb chaws ntawm 36 degree -37 degree qaum teb latitude thiab spans 5 qhov chaw. suav nrog Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, thiab Xinjiang los ntawm sab hnub tuaj mus rau sab hnub poob. xeev. Tsis tas li ntawd, Qinghai tseem muaj kev faib me me. Ntawm lawv, Inner Mongolia yog thawj qhov chaw tsim khoom tiag tiag ntawm Cistanche deserticola, nrog cov zis ntawm 10 × 104 kg ua ntej xyoo 1990, thiab Xinjiang yog thaj chaw tsim khoom loj tshaj plaws ntawm Cistanche deserticola hauv xyoo 1990, nrog rau txhua xyoo tso tawm ntawm C., Chai Dayun) 20 × 104 kg, Qiu Dayun (Southern Xinjiang Dayun, Hongliu Dayun, Guanhua Dayun) 5 × 104 kg. Ntawm 4 hom Cistanche hauv Xinjiang (Cistanche Milo, Cistanche Salt Raw), Cistanche Cistanche yog lub cim ntawm Xinjiang. Ningxia yog ib qho chaw tsim khoom ntawm Cistanche deserticola, feem ntau ua hauv Zhongwei, Lingwu, thiab Yanchi counties. Thawj cov nroj tsuag yog Cistanche deserticola, Cistanche deserticola, Cistanche salina thiab Cistanche xuab zeb, thiab Cistanche ntsev.

2. Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg

Txij li thaum xyoo 1980s, ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb tau ua tiav ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm Cistanche deserticola hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws, ntawm cov Nyij Pooj tau pib ua ntej. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm kev sib cais, kev rho tawm, thiab kev tshawb nrhiav thev naus laus zis, ntau hom tshuaj tau raug cais tawm, uas tuaj yeem muab faib ua benzene Alcohol glycosides, iridoids, lignans, polysaccharides, thiab alkaloids, thiab lwm yam.

2.1 phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs)

Cov kab mob qab zib ib feem ntawm PhGs tsuas yog muaj cov piam thaj thiab rhamnose; lub hauv paus qab zib txuas ncaj qha rau aglycone yog qabzib; tshwj tsis yog rau cov aminoglycosides, 3- txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov piam thaj hauv nruab nrab yog txuas nrog rhamnose; hauv triglycerides, cov piam thaj thib ob Txuas nrog rau 6- txoj haujlwm ntawm cov piam thaj hauv nruab nrab; phenylacryloyl pawg xws li caffeoyl, feruloyl lossis coumaroyl feem ntau txuas nrog 4 lossis 6- txoj haujlwm ntawm cov piam thaj hauv nruab nrab.Phenylethanol glycosidesyog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb hauv Cistanche deserticola thiab muaj ntau yam haujlwm xws li aphrodisiac, tiv thaiv oxidation, thiab kev nco txhim kho. Kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov khoom siv no kuj yog qhov tob dua. Tag nrho ntawm 22 phenethyl glucosides tau raug cais tawm tam sim no, suav nrog 1 monoglycoside, 14 glycosides, thiab 7 triglycerides: 2'-acetylacteoside, 2'- ergosteroside acteoside), cistanoside A, B, C, D, E, G, H ( cistanoside A, B, C, D, E, G, H ), decaffeoylacteoside (decaffeoylacteoside), echinacea (echinaco2 sab), isoacteoside, isosyringalide 3'- -L-rhamnopyranoside, osmanthuside B, salidroside, 3' syringalide A - -L-rhamnopyr2 anoside, salidroside A, B, C, D, E (tubuloside A, B, C, D, E), crenatoside. Echinacea thiab ergosteroside yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm tag nrho cov phenylethyl cawv glycosides hauv Cistanche deserticola, thiab lawv cov ntsiab lus yog 0.10 feem pua ​​-0.53 feem pua ​​thiab 0.06 feem pua ​​-0. 46 feem pua. Nws tau raug tshaj tawm nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv hais tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm echinacoside nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov glucosides ntawm Cistanche deserticola tau txiav txim siab los ntawm high-performance kua chromatography nrog chlorogenic acid raws li tus qauv sab hauv.

2.2 Iridoids thiab lawv cov glycosides

Tam sim no, 2 iridoids thiab 10 iridoid glycosides tau raug cais tawm los ntawmCistanches. Cov iridoid glycosides ntawm Cistanche genus muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no: 1- txoj hauj lwm txuas nrog qabzib; 5, 9- txoj haujlwm yog -H; 4- txoj haujlwm muaj qee pawg carboxyl; 6, 7, 8, lossis 10 feem ntau muaj pawg hydroxyl, lossis poob pawg hydroxyl los ua ob daim ntawv cog lus lossis epoxy ether daim ntawv cog lus. Qee cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshawb fawb txog C. salsa uas tsim nyob rau hauv Inner Mongolia thiab tau txais 8-epiloganic acid, Mussaenosidea CID, Le2 onuride (ajugol), thiab 8-epi-deoxy strychnic acid. , Gluroside, geniposidic acid, Bartsioside, 6-Deoxycatal2 pol, Cistanche, Cistanche chloride, thiab lwm yam. Qee cov kws tshawb fawb tau txais 8 - epistrychnic acid glucoside los ntawm C. deserticola. Xu Wenhao thiab al cais 8-epistrychnine los ntawm C. deserticola.

2.3 Lignans thiab lawv cov glycosides

Qee cov kws tshawb fawb tau cais 1 lignan thiab 5 lignan glycosides los ntawm Cistanche spp., uas 2 yog lignan glycosides tshiab. Lawv yog: (ntxiv ) - Syringaresinol O - - D - glucopyrano2 sab; L iriodendrin, pinoresinol hmoov, Rosinol O - - D - glucoside ((plus) - Pinoresinol O - - D - gluco2 pyranoside) thiab rosin acid. Tshiab lignins raug cais los ntawm C. tubulosa: Dehydrodiconiferyl cawv '- O - - D - gluco2 pyranoside thiab Dehydrodiconiferyl cawv 4 '- O - - Dglucopyranoside.

2.4 Volatile Cheebtsam

Cov kws tshawb fawb hauv tsev tau siv GC-MS thev naus laus zis thiab thev naus laus zis supercritical fluid extraction technology (SFE) los ua kev tshawb fawb ntau ntawm cov roj-soluble thiab volatile roj Cheebtsam ntawm Cistanche deserticola, uas tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb pawg: C16- C28 linear alkanes; peb ester tebchaw Cov khoom tseem ceeb yog dibutyl phthalate, dibutyl sebacate, thiab dioctyl phthalate; Tsis tshua muaj molecular hnyav oxygen- thiab nitrogen-muaj cov tebchaw feem ntau yog eugenol, ua raws li vanillin thiab isoeugenol, thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, palmitic acid thiab linoleic acid tau pom.

2.5 Lwm pawg

Cistanche kuj muaj phenolic glycosides, monoterpene glycosides, alkaloids, suab thaj, qab zib cawv, sterols, thiab lwm yam. Yang Jianhua et al. cais thiab txheeb xyuas 7 lub tebchaw los ntawm kev cog qoob loo Cistanche saline: -sitosterol, carotene, -sitosterol glucoside-3'-O-heptanoate, 8-OH-geraniol-1 - -D-glucoside, {{10 }}hydroxymethyl-5-OH-pyridine, betaine, galactitol. Cov tebchaw no tau raug cais tawm los ntawm kev cog qoob loo Cistanche salina thawj zaug. Nws tau raug cais tawm ntawm cov nroj tsuag no thawj zaug, thiab 2-hydroxymethyl-5-OH-pyridine tau txais los ntawm cov genus no thawj zaug. Chen Xiaodong et al. kuj tau txheeb xyuas tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm calcium, magnesium, thiab phosphorus muaj nyob rau hauv nws kuj yog siab, thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm hlau, tooj liab, manganese, thiab zinc kuj yog siab dua, uas yog siab dua li cov tsoos suav tshuaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm hlau ncav cuag 63.1 mg / 100 g. Cistanche deserticola muaj lub luag haujlwm ntawm invigorating yang, ntxiv dag zog rau cov leeg thiab pob txha, thiab lwm yam, uas ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau nws cov nplua nuj hlau, calcium, magnesium, thiab phosphorus.