Ntu 1: Daim tawv nqaij-Whitening Thiab Anti-Wrinkle Los Ntawm Bioactive Compounds cais tawm ntawm Peanut Plhaub Siv Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction

Hu rau: Audrey Hu Whatsapp / hp: 0086 13880143964 Email:audrey.hu@wecistanche.com

Da Hye Gam 1, Ji Woo Hong 1, Jun Hee Kim 1 and Jin-Woo Kim 1,2,3,*

1 Department of Food Science, Sunmoon University, Natural Science 118, 70 Sunmoonro 221,

Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam 336-708, Kauslim; ank7895@naver.com (DHG);hgw130@naver.com (JWH); jun981014@naver.com (JHK)

2 FlexPro Biotechnology, Natural Science 128,70 Sunmoonro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si,

Chungnam 336-708, Kauslim

3 Center for Next-Generation Semiconductor Technology, Sun Moon University, 70Sunmoonro 221,

Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam 336-708, Kauslim

*Cov ntawv xov xwm: kimjw1028@sunmoon.ac.kr; Tel: plus 82-41-530-2226

Abstract:

Cov txheej txheem teb saum npoo tau ua haujlwm los ua kom zoo dua qhov kev pab cuam ultrasound (UAE) cov xwm txheej rau kev ua kom zoo ib txhij ntawm cov hloov pauv, suav nrog DPPH radical scavenging activity (RSA), tyrosinase activion inhibition (TAI, thiab collagenase kev ua haujlwm inhibition (CAI) ntawm txiv laum huab xeeb plhaub. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov hloov pauv tseem ceeb suav nrog lub sijhawm rho tawm (5.0~ 55.0 min, X), qhov ntsuas kub (26.0~ 94.0 degree , X2), thiab ethanol concentration ({{10}}}.0 feem pua ​​~ 99.5 feem pua ​​, X3) tau optimized.Raws li kev sim qhov tseem ceeb los ntawm txhua yam mob, quadratic regression qauv tau muab los rau qhov kev kwv yees Cov coefficient ntawm kev txiav txim siab (R-) ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm tus kheej yog nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 0.89 ~ 0.96, uas qhia tau hais tias tus qauv regression haum rau qhov kev twv ua ntej. txoj kev superimposing, lub sij hawm rho tawm ntawm 31.2 min, rho tawm kub ntawm 36.6 degree, thiab ethanol concentration ntawm 93.2 feem pua ​​raug txheeb xyuas. Raws li cov xwm txheej no, RSA ntawm 74.9 feem pua, TAI ntawm 50.6 feem pua, thiab CAI ntawm 86.8 feem pua ​​tau kwv yees, qhia pom zoo nrog cov txiaj ntsig kev sim. Kev rov qab hloov pauv-polymerase cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau pom tias txiv laum huab xeeb plhaub tau txo qis mRNA qib ntawm tyrosinase-related protein-1 thiab matrix metalloproteinase-3 noob hauv B16-FO hlwb. Yog li ntawd, peb tau txheeb xyuas daim tawv nqaij-ntxuav hniav dawbthiab cov teebmeem ntawm cov txiv laum huab xeeb ntawm cov txiv laum huab xeeb rho tawm ntawm cov protein thiab cov qib qhia cov noob, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias txiv laum huab xeeb yog cov khoom siv zoo nkauj rau cov tawv nqaij-ntxuav hniav dawbthiab anti-wrinkle teebmeem. Raws li txoj kev tshawb no, cov txiv laum huab xeeb, uas tau suav tias yog cov khoom lag luam, tuaj yeem siv rau kev txhim kho cov zaub mov noj qab haus huv, tshuaj, thiab tshuaj pleev ib ce.

Ntsiab lus: txiv laum huab xeeb; optimization; tawv nqaij dawb; anti-wrinkle; antioxidant; tyrosinase; collage-nase; human tyrosinase-related protein-1(TRP-1); Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)

Cistanche muaj cov nyhuv whitening ntawm daim tawv nqaij

1. Taw qhia

Melanin yog xim av-los yog xim dub-xim polymer xim uas yog synthesized los ntawm melanosomes ntawm melanocytes nyob rau hauv lub epidermis. Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog txhawm rau tiv thaiv ultraviolet (UV) rays txhawm rau tiv thaiv daim tawv nqaij. Xwb, nws cov khoom ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau cov xim tsaus nti, xws li melasma, moles, thiab hnub nyoog me ntsis [1-3]. Tyrosinase yog ib qho tseem ceeb enzyme uas catalyzes autooxidation thiab polymerization cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, los ntawm tyrosine hloov mus rau dopaquinone ntawm dihydroxyphenylalanine thiab tsim melanin los ntawm dopachrome thaum lub sij hawm melanin biosynthesis [4]. Yog li, nws tau dav siv los txo lossis txo qis melanin ntau lawm los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm tyrosinase kev ua haujlwm txhawm rau txhim kho cov khoom lag luam melanin.ntxuav hniav dawbCov nyhuv ntawm cov tshuaj pleev ib ce [5]. Kev lag luam nrawm nrawm thiab siv ntau ntxiv ntawm chlorofluorocarbons ua rau lub ntiaj teb tiv thaiv ozone txheej, yog li ua rau ntau dua ntawm UV mus txog hauv av thiab nthuav tawm ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Qhov no nce nyob rau hauv UV hluav taws xob thiaj li induces active tiam ntawm reactive oxygen hom (ROS) nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev, xws li superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxides, thiab hydroxyl radicals. Cov hom no tau txhawb nqa oxidation tsis tu ncua ntawm tyrosine, uas ua rau muaj kev tsim cov melanin ntau ntxiv. Hauv qhov no, cov kev tshawb fawb tau nquag ua rau inhibition ntawm tyrosinase kev ua haujlwm nrog rau kev tshem tawm ROS txhawm rau txhim kho daim tawv nqaij-ntxuav hniav dawbcov neeg sawv cev [6]. Collagen yog ib qho tseem ceeb extracellular matrix uas muaj 90 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov dermis. Collagen tiv thaiv thiab muab elasticity rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab muaj kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub mechanical rigidity ntawm daim tawv nqaij, tiv thaiv, thiab khi ntawm connective cov ntaub so ntswg, thiab proliferation thiab sib txawv ntawm cov hlwb [7]. Cov proteins uas tsim cov kab mob extracellular, xws li collagen, yog decomposed los ntawm collagenase, xws li matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), ua rau wrinkles, txo elasticity, thiab sagging ntawm daim tawv nqaij [8]. Ntau hom MMPs uas tau hais los ntawm ROS hydrolyze cov saw collagen, cov ntaub so ntswg sib txuas ntawm daim tawv nqaij, thiab tsim nws cov kev sib txawv txawv txav los ua kom collagen decomposition thiab ua kom cov wrinkles [9]. Vim li no, inhibition ntawm melanin ntau lawm thiab collagen decomposition los ntawm kev txo ntawm ROS tiam tau yog lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb rau daim tawv nqaij.ntxuav hniav dawbthiab tiv thaiv wrinkle [10] Arbutin, kojic acid, thiab linolenic acid, asntxuav hniav dawbtshuaj pleev ib ce thiab retinol, gallate, thiab adenosine, raws li cov tshuaj pleev ib ce anti-wrinkle, tau dav siv nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no. Txawm li cas los xij, kev siv cov ntaub ntawv no tsuas yog txwv, muab lawv qhov tsis ruaj khov nyob rau hauv lub teeb thiab cua sov thiab ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo, nrog rau cov tawv nqaij khaus thiab tiv thaiv kab mob dermatitis [11]. Nrog kev loj hlob txaus siab nyob rau hauv ntuj antioxidants rau overcoming lub shortcomings ntawm pantxuav hniav dawbthiab cov khoom xyaw los tiv thaiv wrinkle, cov nroj tsuag tau txais txiaj ntsig tau siv los tsim cov tshuaj bioactive rau cov tawv nqaij zoo thiab nyab xeeb.ntxuav hniav dawbthiab anti-wrinkle tshuaj pleev ib ce [12,13].

Dab tsi yog cistanche siv rau:tawv nqaijntxuav hniav dawbthiab tiv thaiv wrinkle

Muaj ntau txoj kev rho tawm uas tam sim no siv rau kev rho tawm ntawm bioactive compounds los ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Txawm li cas los xij, kev rho tawm ntawm bioactive tebchaw los ntawm tej yam ntuj tso, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov nroj tsuag, feem ntau yog ua los ntawm hnyav, kub-dej, thiab Soxhlet extraction txoj kev, uas tau qhia ntau yam drawbacks, nrog rau tsawg extraction efficiency, muaj decomposition, tsis tshua muaj stability, thiab tus nqi siab. kev ua si [14] Yog li, txoj kev rho tawm tsis ntev los no tau sim, suav nrog ultrasound-pab, microwave-pab, thiab supercritical extraction [15]. Tshwj xeeb, ultrasound yog lub suab nrov nrog ntau zaus ntawm kwv yees li 20 kHz lossis ntau dua, uas ua rau compression, cavitation, thiab tsis tshua muaj kua dej, yog li ua kom lub zog molecular loj tshaj plaws nyob rau lub sijhawm luv kom tau txais cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov extraction [16]. Tsis tas li ntawd, ultrasound yog qhov zoo, nyob rau hauv uas nws lub sij hawm luv luv extraction txo cov decomposition ntawm bioactive tebchaw thiab nws raug soj ntsuam raws li ib tug zoo txoj kev rau extracting ntuj cov khoom xyaw nrog antioxidant,ntxuav hniav dawb, thiab anti-wrinkling zog los ntawm ntau cov nroj tsuag thiab tshuaj ntsuab [17]. Extraction mob optimization yog ib qho tseem ceeb los ua kom cov kev ua tau zoo ntawm ultrasound-pab extraction (UAE), thiab cov txheej txheem optimization yuav ua tau los ntawm kev sim los yog kev txheeb cais txoj kev. Cov txheej txheem ib txwm ua-ib-ib-ib-lub sijhawm, nrog rau txhua qhov kev hloov pauv tsis tu ncua thiab hloov tsuas yog ib qho ntawm ib lub sijhawm, muaj kev txwv rau kev txiav txim siab sib tham sib cuam tshuam yog tias nws yog kev sim ntau yam. Ntawm qhov tod tes, RSM muab cov ntaub ntawv txheeb cais ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kev sim sib txawv, nrog rau kev sim ua tau zoo siv cov qauv tsawg tsawg, nrog rau cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb hauv lej thiab kev txheeb cais los ntsuas qhov ua tau zoo thiab tsim nyog ntawm tus qauv regression. Rau kev ua kom zoo raws li kev txheeb cais, ntau yam RSM tsim, xws li tag nrho cov qauv tsim, Box-Behnken tsim, thiab cov qauv tsim hauv nruab nrab (CCD), tau siv dav. Ntawm lawv, CCD yog qhov ua tau zoo heev thiab yog li muab ntau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev sim hloov pauv cov teebmeem thiab tag nrho cov kev sim ua yuam kev, nrog tsawg kawg ntawm kev khiav haujlwm [18]. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ntau cov kev tshawb fawb uas twb muaj lawm, CCD tau lug siv los tsim, txhim kho, thiab optimize txheej txheem tej yam kev mob rau extracting ntau yam antioxidants thiab lwm yam metabolites los ntawm tej yam ntuj tso khoom.

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) yog cov nroj tsuag txhua xyoo uas yog tsev neeg legume. Nws tau loj hlob hauv ntau tshaj 50 lub teb chaws thoob ntiaj teb, suav nrog Kaus Lim Qab Teb, Is Nrias teb, Tuam Tshoj, thiab Tebchaws Meskas [19]. Cov txiv laum huab xeeb yog cov nplua nuj ntawm cov protein (25 feem pua), lipids (47 feem pua), thiab carbohydrates (16 feem pua), nrog rau cov zaub mov, vitamins, niacin, unsaturated fatty acids, thiab oleic acids [20]. Lawv raug siv los ua cov khoom tsis ua tiav lossis ua tiav, suav nrog txiv ntoo, butter, thiab roj ua noj. Nws tau kwv yees tias lub ntiaj teb cov txiv laum huab xeeb txhua xyoo muaj txog 4.1 lab tons hauv tag nrho thiab cov txiv laum huab xeeb lub plhaub suav txog 35 feem pua ​​~ 40 feem pua ​​​​ntawm tag nrho cov txiv laum huab xeeb [21]. Nws tau kwv yees tias ntau tshaj 1.5 lab tons ntawm txiv laum huab xeeb plhaub tau muab pov tseg txhua xyoo raws li cov khoom lag luam. Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias tsuas yog ib feem ntawm cov txiv laum huab xeeb tsuas yog siv los ua tsiaj pub thiab feem ntau ntawm lawv tau muab tso rau hauv av los yog hauv av, ua rau cov nqi pov tseg thiab teeb meem ib puag ncig, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tsim cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig ntxiv uas siv cov txiv laum huab xeeb los daws qhov teeb meem. cov khoom lag luam [22] Cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los ntawm cov tshuaj antioxidants tau qhia tias kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tiv thaiv kev rog ntawm cov txiv laum huab xeeb ntawm daim tawv nqaij tau tshaj tawm [23,24]. Txawm li cas los xij, txog tam sim no, tsis muaj kev tshawb fawb txog kev tsim cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj rau kev txhim khontxuav hniav dawbthiab anti-wrinkling teebmeem siv bioactive compounds los ntawm txiv laum huab xeeb plhaub. Yog li, txoj kev tshawb no tau muab cov tshuaj bioactive los ntawm cov txiv laum huab xeeb los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm ultrasound-pab extraction (UAE) kom paub meej tias lawv cov antioxidant,ntxuav hniav dawb, thiab los tiv thaiv wrinkle thiab ntxiv nthuav tawm qhov pom kev zoo UAE siv cov lus teb saum npoo (RSM) thiab nce kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov extracts txhawm rau txhawm rau paub meej tias nws tuaj yeem siv los ua zaub mov, tshuaj pleev ib ce, thiab cov khoom xyaw kho mob.

kev txhim khontxuav hniav dawbthiab anti-wrinkling teebmeem ntawm cistanche

2. Cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev sib tham

2.1. Haum rau RSM Models

Hauv kev ua haujlwm no, kev rho tawm qhov kub thiab txias, lub sijhawm rho tawm, thiab ethanol concentration tau raug xaiv los ua qhov hloov pauv tseem ceeb ntawm CCD siv qhov kev sim ua ntej ib-ib zaug-ib-lub sijhawm los txiav txim siab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov cuam tshuam rau UAE (Table 1). Qib ntawm txhua qhov sib txawv tau tsim los ntawm kev sim ua ntej raws li txoj hauv kev ib-factor-at-a-time. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov ntsiab lus axial los ntawm qhov chaw nruab nrab yog o1.68. Tom qab ntawd, 17 qhov kev sim ua haujlwm tau tsim, suav nrog 3 qhov rov ua dua ntawm qhov chaw nruab nrab siv 3- hloov pauv thiab 5 qib CCD. Kev sim ua yuam kev raug txo kom tsawg los ntawm randomizing qhov kev sim txiav txim kom txo qis qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov tsis tau piav qhia. Cov kev sim thiab kwv yees tau tshwm sim rau DPPH radical scavenging kev ua si (RSA), tyrosinase kev ua haujlwm inhibition (TAI), thiab collagenase kev ua haujlwm inhibition (CAI) tau qhia hauv Table 2.

Table 1. Lub hauv paus sib xyaw tsim (CCD) rau optimization ntawm ultrasound-pab extraction (UAE) tej yam kev mob ntawm txiv laum huab xeeb plhaub.

Txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov sib txheeb ntawm 17 qhov kev sim ua haujlwm ntawm CCD qhov kev sim thiab cov txiaj ntsig kev sim, ntau tus qauv regression tau npaj los kwv yees qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm 3 qhov sib txawv. Los ntawm kev siv ntau qhov kev ntsuam xyuas rov qab mus rau cov ntaub ntawv sim, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv (Y) thiab cov kev ntsuas ntsuas tau muaj feem cuam tshuam los ntawm cov kab zauv hauv qab no quadratic regression equations (Table 3).

Table 2. Kev sim thiab kwv yees cov ntaub ntawv ntawm radical scavenging kev ua si (RSA), TAI, thiab CAI ntawm txiv laum huab xeeb plhaub los ntawm CCD.

Tsis yog: randomly xaiv tus lej sim; X1: Lub sijhawm rho tawm; X2: Qhov kub thiab txias; X3: Ethanol concentration; RSA (DPPH radical scavenging kev ua si); TAI (tyrosinase kev ua haujlwm inhibition); CAI (collagenase kev ua haujlwm inhibition).

Table 3. Polynomial regression equations xam los ntawm CCD rau optimization ntawm UAE tej yam kev mob ntawm txiv laum huab xeeb plhaub.

*

* R2 (coefficient ntawm kev txiav txim), P (probability tus nqi ntawm tus qauv); Y yog cov lus teb kwv yees.

Kev soj ntsuam ntawm qhov sib txawv (ANOVA) yog ib qho kev ntsuas ntsuas rau kev soj ntsuam cov ntaub ntawv sim. Nws subdivides tag nrho cov variation nyob rau hauv ib tug dataset rau hauv cov khoom uas muaj feem xyuam nrog tshwj xeeb qhov chaw ntawm variation nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav sim ib tug hypothesis ntawm lub variables ntawm tus qauv los yog kwv yees variance Cheebtsam [25]. Teb qhov chaw tsom xam thiab ANOVA tau ua haujlwm los txiav txim siab cov coefficients, ntsuas qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv cov ntsiab lus, thiab ua cov qauv lej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kev sim uas txhawm rau txhim kho tag nrho cheeb tsam rau cov lus teb sib txawv [26]. Raws li tsim los ntawm tus qauv, qhov sib txheeb coefficients (R2) siv los txiav txim qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov kev sim thiab cov lus teb kwv yees los ntawm cov qauv regression nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 0.8862 ~ 0.9622. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias cov txheej txheem kev hloov pauv tau txheeb xyuas piav qhia ntau dua 88.6 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov kev hloov pauv ywj pheej. Tus Tsim Cov Kws Tshaj Lij software tau siv los xam cov coefficients ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm plaub npaug thiab cov qauv tsim nyog tau sim los ntawm ANOVA. Raws li tus nqi monomial coefficient ntawm quadratic regression sib npaug tau teev nyob rau hauv Table 4 thiab qhov kev txiav txim ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm kev ywj pheej hloov pauv yog ethanol concentration (X3) > qhov kub thiab txias (X2) > lub sij hawm rho tawm (X1).

Table 4. ANOVA ntawm qhov kev sim ntawm CCD rau tag nrho cov qauv quadratic.

X1: Lub sijhawm rho tawm; X2: Qhov kub thiab txias; X3: Ethanol concentration; Y1: RSA; Y2: TAI; Y3: CAI.

cistanche tubolosa extractntxuav hniav dawbtawv nqaij

2.2. Cov nyhuv ntawm Extraction Conditions ntawm RSA

Table 2 qhia cov ntaub ntawv sim ntawm RSA raws li cov xwm txheej sib txawv hauv UAE. RSA ntawm txiv laum huab xeeb plhaub tau txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 7.6 feem pua ​​~ 89.9 feem pua. Qhov siab tshaj RSA raug txheeb xyuas raws li cov txheej txheem rho tawm hauv qab no: lub sijhawm rho tawm ntawm 55.0 min, rho tawm qhov kub ntawm 60.{{10}}} .C, ethanol concentration ntawm 50 0 feem pua ​​(Khiav #10). Qhov qis tshaj RSA ntawm 7.6 feem pua, nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm rho tawm ntawm 30.0 min, rho tawm kub ntawm 60.0.C, thiab ethanol concentration ntawm 0.0 feem pua, tau txheeb xyuas raws li tus nqi sim (Khiav #13 ). Los ntawm kev siv ntau qhov kev ntsuam xyuas regression, cov ntaub ntawv sim thiab cov lus teb tau cuam tshuam los ntawm kev sib npaug ntawm quadratic regression (Table 3). Kev txheeb xyuas txheeb xyuas tau qhia tias R2 ntawm tus qauv regression yog 0.9308 (p=0.0027), uas qhia tau hais tias qhov sib npaug no tuaj yeem piav qhia 93.0 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov kev sim tau tshwm sim, txhais tau tias tus qauv yog qhov tseem ceeb heev thiab siv tau kom raug. kwv yees cov lus teb muaj nuj nqi.

Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm ib tus neeg UAE sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm lwm qhov sib txawv ntawm RSA yog

kwv yees thiab qhia hauv daim duab 1a. RSA nyiam nce thiab tom qab ntawd txo qis raws li tag nrho UAE

nce mus nce los. Ethanol concentration muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj tshaj plaws ntawm RSA ntawm peb qhov sib txawv ntawm UAE, thaum lub sij hawm rho tawm thiab qhov kub ntawm qhov rho tawm muaj qhov cuam tshuam tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm RSA. Qhov kev tshwm sim no zoo ib yam nrog ANOVA tshwm sim uas ethanol concentration

tau pom qhov cuam tshuam ntau dua (p {{0}}}.0002) ntawm RSA raws li qhia hauv Table 4. Cov kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev ywj pheej ntawm RSA tau pom los ntawm kev siv 3D teb cov kab nkhaus. Qhov ntsuas kub thiab lub sij hawm rho tawm tau hloov ib txhij ntawm ethanol concentration (Daim duab 2A). Raws li ob qhov sib txawv (kev rho tawm qhov kub thiab lub sijhawm) nce, RSA nce mus rau qib siab tshaj plaws thiab tom qab ntawd txo qis dua. Qhov siab tshaj RSA tau txais ntawm qhov ntsuas kub ntawm 56.1. C, uas yog li qhia txog kev rho tawm ntawm bioactive tebchaw nrog antioxidant muaj peev xwm, xws li polyphenols, nce nrog kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov nroj tsuag phab ntsa, xws li lignin, ntawm qhov kub thiab txias mus txog 56.1. C; Txawm li cas los xij, ntawm qhov kub siab dua, RSA tau txo qis vim yog decomposing lossis polymerization ntawm cov khoom xyaw antioxidant. Daim duab 2B, C qhia tau hais tias RSA tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm lub sijhawm rho tawm lossis qhov kub thiab txias, qhov RSA tau cuam tshuam los ntawm ethanol concentration, uas yog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm ethanol concentration ntawm 61.0 feem pua ​​thiab uas tseem tsis tau dua. Qhov kev tshwm sim no zoo ib yam nrog cov kev sim dej kub-dej extraction ntawm Lespedeza cuneata los ntawm Kim li al. nyob rau hauv uas RSA tau cuam tshuam ntau dua los ntawm ethanol concentration tshaj qhov ntsuas kub, thiab RSA yog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm ethanol concentration ntau ntawm 60 feem pua ​​~ 70 feem pua ​​[27]. Cov txiaj ntsig no qhia tau hais tias qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov kuab tshuaj binary (dej thiab ethanol) zoo dua rau kev rho tawm ib qho hnyav hauv UAE ntawm cov txiv laum huab xeeb.

Daim duab 1. Perturbation plots for effects of extraction time (X1), extraction temperature (X2), and ethanol concentration (X3) on the RSA, TAI, and CAI of peanut shell extract. Perturbation plots rau RSA, TAI, thiab CAI ntawm txiv laum huab xeeb plhaub qhia tau hais tias tag nrho cov yam tseem ceeb ntawm qhov chaw nruab nrab los ntawm kev hloov ib qho ntawm nws qhov ntau thaum lwm yam tau kho. Perturbation plots for RSA of peanut shell extract (a), Perturbation plots for TAI of peanut shell extract (b), Perturbation plots for CAI of peanut shell extract (c).

Daim duab 2. Teb qhov chaw rau RSA ntawm txiv laum huab xeeb plhaub raws li lub sij hawm rho tawm, qhov kub thiab txias, thiab ethanol concentration. RSA raws li kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov ntsuas kub thiab lub sijhawm rho tawm (A), lub sijhawm rho tawm thiab ethanol concentration (B), thiab qhov ntsuas kub thiab ethanol concentration (C).

2.3. Cov nyhuv ntawm Extraction Conditions ntawm TAI

Tyrosinase yog ib qho enzyme uas txhawb kev tsim melanin los ntawm oxidizing tyrosine hauv qab daus txheej ntawm cov epidermis thiab inhibition ntawm cov enzyme no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho ntawm daim tawv nqaij.ntxuav hniav dawb[28]. Lub TAI ntawm cov txiv laum huab xeeb tau muab rho tawm los ntawm UAE, raws li 17 cov txheej txheem rho tawm, thaj tsam ntawm 0.34 feem pua ​​​​rau 51.8 feem pua ​​(Table 2). Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sim, kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov kev sib txawv ntawm tus kheej (X1, X2, X3) thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv (TAI) tau ua qauv siv quadratic regression equations raws li qhia hauv Table 3. Txhawm rau ntsuas qhov kev pom zoo ntawm qhov kev sim thiab kwv yees qhov txiaj ntsig tau muab los ntawm lub quadratic. Regression qauv, qhov zoo-ntawm-haum ntawm tus qauv raug soj ntsuam raws li ANOVA. Tus R2 yog 0.9622, uas yog ze rau 1 thiab qhia tau hais tias muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov kev sim thiab qhov kev kwv yees. p-value yog siv los ntsuas qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txhua tus coefficient thiab kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm txhua qhov sib txawv. Cov kev hloov pauv hauv UAE yuav muaj qhov tseem ceeb dua yog tias tus nqi p-tus nqi qis dua thiab qhov tseem ceeb tau lees paub ntawm qib p < 0.05="" [29,30].="" hauv="" kev="" ntsuam="" xyuas="" qhov="" cuam="" tshuam="" ntawm="" kev="" ywj="" pheej="" sib="" txawv,="" qhov="" tseem="" ceeb="" tau="" txiav="" txim="" siab="" nyob="" rau="" hauv="" qhov="" kev="" txiav="" txim="" ntawm="" ethanol="" concentration="" (p="">< 0.0001)=""> extraction kub (p < 0.0598)=""> lub sij hawm rho tawm (p < 0.4329),="" uas="" tau="" lees="" tias="" lub="" cov="" nyhuv="" ntawm="" ethanol="" concentration="" yog="" qhov="" tseem="" ceeb="" tshaj="" plaws="" hauv="">

Txhawm rau sib piv cov txiaj ntsig ntawm UAE cov xwm txheej ntawm TAI, cov phiaj xwm cuam tshuam tau siv los ntsuas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm tus kheej hloov pauv ntawm TAI los ntawm kev kho ob qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov chaw nruab nrab. Raws li pom nyob rau hauv daim duab 1b, TAI tau pom cov qauv sib txawv piv rau qhov kev sim RSA dhau los; nws nce ntxiv raws li qhov ethanol concentration nce, thaum lub sij hawm rho tawm tsis tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau TAI. Qhov tseem ceeb sib npaug ntawm TAI nrog ethanol concentration tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm ANOVA cov txiaj ntsig. TAI tau cuam tshuam loj heev los ntawm thawj lub sij hawm ntawm ethanol concentration (X3), thiab (p < 0.05)="" lub="" sij="" hawm="" quadratic="" tsis="" yog="" qhov="" tseem="" ceeb,="" yog="" li,="" qhia="" txog="" kev="" sib="" raug="" zoo="" ntawm="" tai="" thiab="" ethanol="" concentration.="" lub="" 3d="" teb="" nto="" nkhaus="" yog="" cov="" duab="" sawv="" cev="" ntawm="" lub="" quadratic="" regression="" sib="" npaug="" thiab="" cov="" txiaj="" ntsig="" ntawm="" tai,="" raws="" li="" cuam="" tshuam="" los="" ntawm="" qhov="" kub="" thiab="" txias="" (x1),="" lub="" sij="" hawm="" rho="" tawm="" (x2),="" thiab="" ethanol="" concentration="" (x3).="" daim="" duab="" 3a="" pom="" qhov="" cuam="" tshuam="" cuam="" tshuam="" ntawm="" lub="" sijhawm="" rho="" tawm="" thiab="" ethanol="" concentration="" ntawm="" tai.="" cov="" txiaj="" ntsig="" tau="" lees="" paub="" tias="" lub="" sijhawm="" rho="" tawm="" tsis="" pom="" qhov="" cuam="" tshuam="" tseem="" ceeb="" rau="" tai,="" thaum="" cov="" ethanol="" concentration="" muaj="" kev="" sib="" raug="" zoo="" nrog="" tai.="" ib="" yam="" li="" ntawd,="" raws="" li="" pom="" nyob="" rau="" hauv="" daim="" duab="" 3b,="" tai="" yog="" nyob="" ntawm="" ethanol="" concentration="" ntau="" tshaj="" nyob="" rau="" hauv="" extraction="" kub="" thiab="" lub="" siab="" tshaj="" plaws="" tai="" tau="" txais="" raws="" li="" ethanol="" concentration="" nce="" mus="" rau="" 99.5="" feem="" pua.="" hauv="" kev="" tshawb="" nrhiav="" uae="" tej="" yam="" kev="" mob="" rau="" qhov="" siab="" tshaj="" plaws="" tai,="" qhov="" siab="" tshaj="" plaws="" tai="" tej="" yam="" kev="" mob="" qhov="" tseem="" ceeb="" tau="" kwv="" yees="" yog="" 3{{20}}.0="" min,="" 26.3="" c,="" thiab="" 99.5="" feem="" pua.="" cov="" txiaj="" ntsig="" no="" zoo="" ib="" yam="" li="" cov="" lus="" qhia="" los="" ntawm="" nakamura="" li="" al.="" [31]="" hauv="" kev="" tshawb="" fawb="" txog="" kev="" ua="" haujlwm="" lom="" neeg="" ntawm="" citron="" nplooj,="" thaum="" 20.0="" feem="" pua="" ​​~="" 80.0="" feem="" pua="" ​​​​ntawm="" ethanol="" tau="" siv="" los="" ua="" cov="" kuab="" tshuaj="" extraction,="" tai="" tau="" nce="" nyob="" rau="" hauv="" cov="" lus="" teb="" rau="" qhov="" nce="" hauv="" ethanol="" concentration="" thiab="" pom="" qhov="" siab="" tshaj="" plaws="" ntawm="" kev="" rho="" tawm="" siv="" 80="" feem="" pua.="" ethanol.="" qhov="" no="" qhia="" tau="" hais="" tias="" kev="" siv="" ntau="" dua="" ntawm="" ethanol="" yog="" qhov="" zoo="" hauv="" kev="" rho="" tawm="" cov="" tshuaj="" bioactive="" nrog="" cov="" tawv="">ntxuav hniav dawbcuam ​​tshuam los ntawm txiv laum huab xeeb los yog lwm yam nroj tsuag.

tawv nqaij-ntxuav hniav dawbteebmeem ntawmcistanche tubolosa

Pls nyem qhov no mus rau Ntu 2