Daim Ntawv Nco Corrosion-Resistant Polymeric Cov Khoom Siv Ntu 3

4.4. Dynamic Covalent Bonds.

Hais luv luv, dynamic covalent bonds yog cov kev sib cog lus classic uas tsim cov tshuaj polymers tab sis muaj peev xwm ntxiv ntawm kev rov qab mus rau hauv cov xwm txheej sib npaug, xws li noncovalentbonds, qhov twg kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ntawv cog lus tshwm sim hauv vib nas this lossis feeb [30].

Cov kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no qhia tau hais tias kev sib koom ua ke sib raug zoo yuav muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog kev nco. Dynamic covalent bonds yog chemical bonds uas tso cai rau cov molecules hloov thiab hloov mus rau ib leeg. Cov ntawv cog lus zoo li no tau tsim thiab tawg sai heev, uas tso cai rau cov molecules adsorb rau ib leeg zoo li tsis muaj tshuaj lom neeg, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam loj rau cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem lom neeg.

Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis niaj hnub tso cai rau kev kawm txog cov kab mob loj thiab tib neeg tus cwj pwm kom pom los ntawm ntau qhov kev xav. Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb tau tsom mus rau lub luag haujlwm ntawm dynamic covalent bonds hauv lub hlwb. Lawv pom tias muaj cov kev sib txuas lus zoo heev ntawm cov neurons hauv lub hlwb, thiab cov ntawv cog lus no pab cov neurons xa cov ntaub ntawv sai dua. Los ntawm qhov no, dynamic covalent bonds yuav suav hais tias tseem ceeb players hauv tib neeg nco thiab kev kawm.

Yog tias peb txuas ntxiv lub tswv yim no mus rau tag nrho tib neeg lub hlwb, peb tuaj yeem pom tias kev sib koom ua ke zoo sib xws ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv tib neeg kev txawj ntse thiab kev paub. Ntau qhov tseeb qhia tau hais tias muaj kev sib txuas ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm dynamic covalent bonds thiab nco. Tus naj npawb thiab qhov zoo ntawm kev nco peb tau txiav txim seb hom thiab pes tsawg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv peb tuaj yeem kawm thiab nkag siab.

Yog li ntawd, tib neeg yuav tsum tau qhia ntau ntxiv txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib raug zoo covalent bonds thiab ua kev tshawb fawb ntau dua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, peb yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas peb tus kheej kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev coj cwj pwm coj los txhim kho peb txoj kev kawm thiab kev nco. Peb yuav tsum ua kom muaj zog covalent daim ntawv cog lus ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas tib neeg muaj nuj nqis thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txawj ntse thiab kev tshawb fawb ntawm tib neeg lub hlwb. Nws tuaj yeem pom tias peb yuav tsum txhim kho kev nco, thiab Cistanche deserticola tuaj yeem txhim kho kev nco, vim Cistanche deserticola tseem tuaj yeem tswj hwm qhov sib npaug ntawm cov neurotransmitters, xws li nce qib ntawm acetylcholine thiab kev loj hlob. Cov khoom no tseem ceeb heev rau kev nco thiab kev kawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, Cistanche deserticola kuj tseem tuaj yeem txhim kho cov ntshav khiav thiab txhawb nqa cov pa oxygen, uas tuaj yeem ua kom lub hlwb tau txais cov as-ham txaus thiab lub zog, yog li txhim kho lub hlwb tseem ceeb thiab kev ua siab ntev.

Nyem paub ntxiv los txhim kho kev nco

Cov tes hauj lwm tsim los ntawm cov dynamic covalent bonds muaj cov txiaj ntsig ntawm thermoset polymers thiab ua raws li cov thermosets nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob tab sis muaj cov txheej txheem uas thermoplastics paub txog.

Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim yog tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib xyaw ua ke tuaj yeem ua rau kev nkag siab ntawm cov khoom siv thaum lawv tsis xav tau thiab yog li ua rau nkag mus rau hauv cov khoom siv; qhov no tej zaum yuav tswj tau siv thermal phasetransition kub los xauv rau hauv lub polymer kom txog thaum muaj zog txaus tuaj yeem qhib thiab ua rau lub cim xeeb zoo los yog kho tus kheej [28].4.4.1. Siloxane-Poly (methyl methacrylate).

Siloxane-poly (-methyl methacrylate), tseem hu ua siloxane-PMMA, muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion-resistant thiab nplaum rau kev cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig tsawg dua li cov coatings xws li chromate-basedcoatings.

Cov yeeb yaj kiab silica-PMMA no tau sau tseg tsis yog hauv lawv qhov kev npaj qis qis, tus nqi pheej yig, thiab muaj peev xwm nyob twj ywm homogeneous raws li siv thoob plaws thaj tsam loj, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lawv qhov tsis zoo rau brittleness los ntawm cov tshuaj xws li dej, methanol, thiab ethanol, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tom qab thermal kho [33 ]; ib tug sawv cev ntawm tus qauv yuav pom nyob rau hauv daim duab 12.

Kev npaj feem ntau tuaj yeem koom nrog kev siv cov dej acidified nrog cov tshuaj xws li nitric orhydrochloric acids raws li kev txhim kho corrosion, tab sis cov txheej txheem kev kho mob no ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim cov Clions uas tuaj yeem tsim cov kab mob corrosive, thiab cov acidity siab ntawm cov hybrid yuav es tsis txhob ua rau kev cuam tshuam cov substrate es tiv thaiv nws.

Ib qho kev hloov pauv ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm cov txheej txheem yuav ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab tsim cov yam ntxwv, thiab yog li, cov txheej txheem ib puag ncig yuav tsum tau npaj los ntawm ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg precursorsolution. Porous films txhawb kev tawg thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb uas ua rau lub qhov thaiv tsis tau thiab txo qhov kev cuam tshuam tag nrho kom txo qis. Ntau cov yeeb yaj kiab hydrophobic silane zoo dua ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov hlau vim tias cov khoom thaiv thiab adhesion yog nyob ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm exposureto los yog dej raws li Si-O-Si daim ntawv cog lus yog qhov yooj yim tohydrolysis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm raug [34].4.4.2.

Hydrazones: Kev Kho Tus Kheej thiab Cov Khoom Siv Memory. Acylhydrazones yog tsim los ntawm condensation ntawm hydrazine thiab carbonyl compounds thiab tej zaum yuav catalyzed nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm acid kom lawv C=N bondsmore pH- teb [30]; Cov qauv yuav pom nyob rau hauv daim duab 13. Acylhydrazones yog cov resistant rau dej thanamines thiab, nyob rau hauv me me tej yam kev mob, tej zaum yuav suav hais tias adynamic molecule muaj peev xwm ntawm reshuffling nrog lwm yam hydrazones los yog nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm txawv hydrazines.

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, txawm li cas los xij, lawv tau teb rau pH ntawm ib puag ncig ib puag ncig, qhov chaw lawv tsim yog catalyzedin muaj cov kua qaub thiab cov tsim yog txo nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ib puag ncig. Hloov cov copolymer tuaj yeem, nrog hydrazones, nkag mus rau cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov polymer thiab ua haujlwm los ntawm kev sib pauv ntawm monomers, tso cai rau cov khoom tunablemechanical.

Siloxanes tuaj yeem siv los ua ib qho chaw ua kom muaj zog, mos hydrazone zaj duab xis, thiab yog tias muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv acid nrog ib qho nyuaj, nruj hydrazone, monomers pauv ntawm ob los ua ib qho tshiab copolymer uas nws cov khoom raug txiav txim siab los ntawm monomer pauv tus nqi thiab yuav ua li cas cov monomers pauv. . Tsis tas li ntawd, ib qho polyacylhydrazone tuaj yeem ua tiav kev kho tus kheej los ntawm kev sib ntxiv ntawm polysiloxane chav tsev thiab tso cai rau deformation rov ua haujlwm dhau ob peb teev yam tsis xav tau cua sov [30].

4.4.3. Diels-Alder Reactions. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Diels-Alder tshwm sim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cycloaddition nyob rau hauv uas ib tug conjugated dieneand ib tug ob-bond dienophile tsim ib tug rau-membered cyclohexane nplhaib; feem ntau daim ntawv thov ua ib tug reactant electron-nplua nuj, txwv tsis pub hu ua diene, thiab lwm reactant electron-poor, uas yog hu ua dienophile. Qhov tshwm sim yog exothermic cov tshuaj tiv thaiv; Yog li ntawd, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rov qab, lossis retroDiels-Alder cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, yog cov txheej txheem endothermic thiab yog li yuav tsum tau ua kom sov.

Diels-Alder cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog tus kheej muaj thiab tsis tas yuav muaj cov catalyst lossis ntxiv lwm yam khoom siv; xws li, feem ntau Diels-Alder-based dynamic covalent polymers yog network polymers [30]; Kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv dav dav tuaj yeem pom hauv daim duab 14. Diels-Alder cycloadducts lossis lwm yam molecules uas tsim cov dynamic covalent bonds los yog muaj kev sib cuam tshuam supramolecular tau siv los ua kom tau txais kev kho tus kheej ntawm tus kheej inthermoset polymers los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam / dynamic.

Cov chemistry no ua rau kev tsim cov kab sib txuas sib txuas uas muaj peev xwm kho tau thiab txhim kho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab thermal thiab tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom siv polymer. DA adducts daim ntawv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias (90 degree) thiab tuaj yeem khaws cov duab cim xeeb hauv cov qauv polymer los ntawm txoj kev ntawm crystallization thiab vitrification, uas muaj peev xwm ua rau lub cev hloov mus los ntawm thermal txhais tau tias, uas muaj cov nyiaj tau los ntawm kev kaw cov kab nrib pleb thiab yog li pab hauv txheej txheej txheej txheem kho. Nthuav crosslinking txhawb cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm cov khoom siv polymer tab sis muaj kev pheej hmoo txo ​​cov kev hloov pauv polymer thiab kev muaj peev xwm kho tau.

Yog li, kho cov tshuaj polymer nrog DA cov tshuaj tiv thaiv txhais tau tias yuav tsum tau ua kom rov qab ua haujlwm rov qab-DA kub ntawm 120 txog 150 degree, vim nws ua rau ib feem ntawm kev sib txuas uas txhim kho kev txav ntawm molecular; Hmoov tsis zoo, cov txheej txheem no yuav ua rau poob ntawm cov polymer qhov rov qab thiab kho txuas ntxiv ntxiv rau qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm DA. Nws tau raug pom tias cov copolymerization ntawm asiloxane, xws li polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nrog polyurethane los pab kaw cov kab nrib pleb, qhov yooj yim ntawm cov polymer, thiab kev tsim kho ntawm DA daim ntawv cog lus txhim kho cov cuab yeej cuab tam, raws li PDMS tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov crystallization ntawm cov urethane rau. kev ruaj ntseg [39]

Kev txhim kho cov khoom ntawm polysiloxane polymer tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev koom ua ke ntawm inorganic nanoparticles thiab tuaj yeem siv cov nanoparticles ua crosslinkers los txhim kho nws tus kheej. Cov qauv molecular ntawm couplingagent, qhov ntev spacer, pab txiav txim siab kho cov khoom rau Diels-Alder nws tus kheej-kho polymers, raws li ntev spacergroups tshwm los txhawb txoj kev hloov pauv ntawm DielsAlder cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo dua [40].

Raws li qhov zoo ntawm lub cim xeeb mus, DA daim ntawv cog lus tau khaws cia hauv qab Tg tab sis tuaj yeem ua kom rov ua haujlwm rau Tg los pib kho thiab rov tsim kho cov ntawv tawg. Kev kho kom zoo ntawm DA-PDMS-PU copolymer tau txhim kho dua DA polymer raws li qhov hloov pauv PDMS ntu txhim kho tag nrho cov hloov pauv hloov pauv thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kinetics ntawm cov txheej txheem kho ntawm qhov kub thiab txias [39].

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5. Puab Memory Composites: Txheej Additives

Lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev txiav txim siab yog tias cov nplej loj ntawm cov txheej txheej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov khoom ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw, xws li elasticity mus rau strain resistance; xws li, xaiv cov khoom raug rau kev sib xyaw ua ke yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim ib qho tshiab shapememory composite [ 22] ib. Yog li, qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov fillers tuaj yeem ua ib txoj hauv kev los txhim kho cov khoom siv polymer ntxiv; qee hom kev muab tub lim tuaj yeem pom hauv Table 3.

Conductive fillers yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau shapememory polymers, raws li polymers raug kev txom nyem los ntawm ib tug heev thermal conductivity ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm qhov chaw ntawm {{0}}.15 thiab 0:3 W / m ∗ K, uas ua rau zoo insulators. Yog li, conductive fillers yog ntxiv nrog ntau dua conductiveeffect proportional rau lawv qhov hnyav feem pua ​​​​hauv cov khoom siv polymer.

Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qhov tsis zoo rau cov fillers xws li, vim tias lawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov duab deformation thiab rov qab los ntawm cov khoom zoo li qub nco polymer; Cov nyhuv no yog nthuav tawm nrog cov khoom loj dua [21]. Piv txwv li, qhov sib ntxiv ntawm silicon-carbon thiab silicon-oxide fillers rau ib ncig ntawm 40wt% inhibits lub cim xeeb composite lub peev xwm rov qab los ntawm deformation [5].

Carbon fillers tsim ntau yam nanoparticles uas muaj peev xwm siv tau los ua fillers hauv matrix, nrog rau ntau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide yog carbon dub, nanotubes, lossis graphene [2, 4, 5]; Daim duab ntawm agraphene-polymer composite yog pom nyob rau hauv daim duab 15.Graphene yog ib qho tseem ceeb polymer txheej muab tub lim ua tsaug rau ib feem ntawm nws cov tsis muaj huab hwm coj, siab modulus, thiab siab zog thiab kuj tseem ua hauj lwm los txhim kho corrosion kuj ntawm txheej raws li nws yog impermeable rau gases los yog kua uas yuav ua rau corrode cov hlau hauv qab txheej; ultrathin nanosheetshave txawm tau sim ua tiav raws li kev tiv thaiv zaj duab xis.

Graphene yog pob tshab heev, yog li cov coatings khaws cov khoom siv kho qhov muag ntawm cov hlau; lawv kuj muaj qhov chaw siab tshaj plaws thiab txhawb nqa kev sib raug zoo ntawm nanofiller thiab thematrix [17]. Graphene muaj peev xwm txhim kho cov rubberyplateau modulus txog li 400, 000 vol% thaum ntxiv rau forma polyimide composite thiab tuaj yeem txhim kho Young's modulus, qhov kawg ntawm lub zog, thiab iav hloov kub thaum siv los ua lwm cov khoom siv polymer.
Yog hais tias muaj ib qho kev txhawj xeeb, nws yog tias cov khoom saum npoo yuav tsum tau kho kom haum raws li qhov xav tau ntawm daim ntawv thov, raws li tus nqi saum npoo, hydrophilicity, thiab ntub dej uas hloov pauv los ntawm kev suav nrog graphene yuav cuam tshuam rau kev sib txuas ntawm tes thiab cov khoom siv polymer nrog rau qhov chaw thov [41 ].

Cov pa roj carbon nanotubes, ntawm qhov tod tes, tuaj yeem txhawb nqa thiab txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig kev nco, tuaj yeem txhim kho hluav taws xob zoo li lub cim xeeb rov qab, thiab tuaj yeem siv rau kev tsim cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ua ke uas muaj peev xwm raug kho rau cov hom phiaj tshwj xeeb thiab txhim kho cov duab nco polymer lub peev xwm torespond. [4]. Cov hlau thiab lawv cov ntaub ntawv oxide feem ntau raug xaiv los ntawm kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob [5], thiab vim tias lawv cov conductivity, qee qhov, xws li ferrite, tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm cov hlau nplaum.

Qhov no ua rau lub cim xeeb hloov pauv raws li themetallic hais tuaj yeem tsim kom muaj cua sov thaum raug rau ib qho chaw sib nqus heev. Yog tias muaj qhov teeb meem loj, nws yog cov polymers thiab cov hlau muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom sib txawv uas ua rau lawv tsis sib haum rau siv los ua ib qho muab tub lim. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias qhov kev sib tw ntawm cov fillercan cuam tshuam rau cov polymer thiab.
Ua piv txwv, nrog rau qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov pa roj carbon nanotubes rau lub thermoplastic zoo memorypolymer, cov pa roj carbon nanotubes ua raws li cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub zog siv rau cov polymer. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv mus rau tag nrho cov duab ruaj khov, cuam tshuam li cas cov polymer rov zoo li qub, thiab hloov cov crystalline tis nyob rau hauv lub polymer matrix [42].Shape nco los ntawm kev kho tus kheej yog tsis txaus thaum siv rau kev sib sib zog nqus txiav thiab xws li. yuav tsum tau siv lwm txoj kev tiv thaiv corrosion [43] .Ib txoj hauv kev los txhim kho kev tiv thaiv corrosion yog embed corrosion inhibitors rau hauv thematrix; cov no tuaj yeem ua raws li cov neeg ua haujlwm kho thiab yog li leach intoany defects, tso cai rau kev tawm tsam ntawm corrosion.

Forcoatings uas muaj xws li inhibitors, kho yog txiav txim los ntawm inhibition ntawm corrosion piv rau txheej lub peev xwm los kho lub matrix barrier zog thiab yog li ntawd irreversible interms ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab tus nqi ntawm inhibitors nyob rau hauv lub matrix yog txwv, raws li ntau ntau yuav ua rau poob ntawm qhov xav tau matrix zog. Txheej matrix kev txav chaw muab kev kho kom rov qab los ntawm kev tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm cov txheej thiab feem ntau yog pib los ntawm kev siv cov cua sov los yog lub teeb.Heating saum Tg tso cai rau lub cev kaw raws li cov txheej yuav soften thiab ua rau cov duab nco los thiab yog li ib feem rov qab cov khoom thaiv; Cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem txhim kho ntxiv los ntawm cov khoom siv tiv thaiv corrosion uas muaj peev xwm nrhiav kev puas tsuaj thiab kho nws lossis tsawg kawg tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj ntxiv [44].

Qee cov tshuaj tiv thaiv corrosion muaj xws li benzotriazole, 8-hydroxyquinoline, los yog inhibitors uas muaj cov tshuaj cerium. Corrosion inhibitors leach tawm tom qab kev puas tsuaj tau tshwm sim los ua ib zaj duab xis barrier rau ntawm qhov chaw raug.High concentrations ntawm corrosion inhibitors txhawb corrosion kuj zoo dua tab sis yuav ua rau txo qis hauv mechanicalproperties. Corrosion inhibitors zoo li tsis cuam tshuam rau tus nqi uas dej nkag mus rau hauv matrix; Xws li, kev puas tsuaj uas tau kho tau tseem tuaj yeem tso cai rau corrosion tshwm sim, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau thaj chaw uas muaj kev puas tsuaj ib zaug [24].

Inhibitors feem ntau yog tsim los nyob ib ncig ntawm 6 mus rau 8 xyoo, nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, yam tsawg kawg mus txog rau thaum lub sij hawm txij nkawm tom ntej. Organiccoatings feem ntau nqus dej los ntawm qhov tsis xws luag rau hauv qhov pores hauv txheej uas yog inhibitor pigments yuav ces dissociate thiab yaj [45]. Triazole thiab thiazole feem ntau yog siv los ua corrosion inhibitors rau txhuas, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsis muaj tshuaj lom chromium-based anticorrosive agents. 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) yog nyiam raws li nws adsorbs toaluminium alloy nto los ua ib tug nyias, tiv thaiv zaj duab xis; Txawm li cas los xij, MBT thiab lwm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv corrosion tsis ua haujlwm zoo nrog cov txheej txheem polymer vim lawv tuaj yeem deactivate thiab tsis muab kev tiv thaiv corrosion xav tau [46].

Chromate coatings yog lub hauv paus kev txhim kho corrosion inhibitor, thiab qib siab tuaj yeem ua rau qeeb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm qhov tawg tab sis tuaj yeem suav tias yog ib puag ncig tsis zoo [45]. Ntxiv cov micro- lossis nanocapsules muaj peev xwm txo tau cov khoom thaiv kev tiv thaiv nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm lub thawv lossis yog tias lub thawv tsis sib haum nrog thematrix. Qhov xav tau lub tshuab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txiav txim siab yuav ua li cas rau encapsulate tus inhibitor, nrog rau hom matrix thiab inhibitor uas yuav siv tau.

Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua kom muaj zog yog cov kev hloov hauv zos hauv pH, mechanicalrupture, thiab ion exchange. Kev sib pauv ion tshwm sim hauv cov thawv uas muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv corrosion-inhibiting anions uas tau tso tawm, uas tso cai rau cov anions hnyav dua, zoo li chloride, torreplace lawv [46]. Yog hais tias tus inhibitor yog tov nrog txheej, tus inhibitor tau yaj nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj thiab tsim micropores thaum cov tshuaj yog siv raws li ib tug txheej.

Hlau-organicframeworks yog ib hom encapsulating txoj kev uas metalions txuas nrog organic linkers; Lawv ua haujlwm los ntawm kev tso cov inhibitor los tsim cov txheej txheem adsorption ntawm qhov chaw raug, thiab tom qab ntawd cov hlau-organic moj khaum nws tus kheej impedesany nkag los ntawm electrolytes los yog ntxiv corrosion nyob ib ncig ntawm qhov kev txom nyem. Lub peev xwm tseem ceeb ntawm txhua lub tshuaj ntsiav yog kev tswj hwm tso tawm ntawm inhibitors, kom tsis txhob ntxov ntxov expendthe txwv tus neeg sawv cev nyob rau hauv, yog li muab cov txheej txheem ntau dua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov [47].

Kev khaws cia zoo ntawm corrosion inhibitors txo cov xau, tiv thaiv cov inhibitors los ntawm kev cuam tshuam nrog cov matrix, thiab tuaj yeem txhim kho tus nqi ntawm inhibitors khaws cia hauv. Feem ntau, cov thawv nyiam rau corrosion inhibitors yog nanoparticles uas muaj nanocavities loj, muaj qhov loj ntawm qhov chaw, ruaj khov heev, thiab muaj qhov ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom. Cov khoom ntim khoom yog calcium carbonate, titanium oxide, halloysitenanotubes, mesoporous silica, thiab cerium oxide.

Feem ntau txoj kev tso tawm feem ntau tshwm sim vim yog tshuaj lom neeg puas tsuaj orpH hloov, vim lawv yog cov ua rau kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlau. Inorganic ntim tau cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tuaj yeem yooj yim tawg thoob plaws hauv lub polymer matrix thiab tej zaum yuav muaj cov khoom tiv thaiv corrosion ntxiv rau lawv tus kheej [48].Capsules uas muaj cov tshuaj kho tau tuaj yeem tawg mus thoob plaws hauv lub polymer matrix, whereupon kev puas tsuaj rau thematrix tuaj yeem ua rau tus kheej- kho los ntawm ua rau polymerization tshwm sim los ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub capsule.

Cov khoom tsim nyog rau cov tshuaj ntsiav yog lub neej ntev ntev, lub zog los tswj cov qauv kev ruaj ntseg kom txog thaum nws tus kheej kho tau tshwm sim, thiab muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo tshaj plaws rau kev sib raug zoo rau tus tswv tsev matrix. Kev loj hlob ntawm submicronsand nanocapsules tuaj yeem tso cai rau me me interstitial spacing.Particulate fillers ho cuam tshuam rau mechanicalproperties ntawm cov khoom, thiab nyob ntawm cov muab tub lim, tej zaum lawv yuav cuam tshuam rau cov polymer tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo, xws li ua kom tawg toughness; Nyob rau lwm lub sijhawm, lawv tuaj yeem ua qhov tsis zoo xws li txo qis elastic modulus lossis qhov kawg tensilestrength (cov teebmeem tsis zoo no tau raug pom tias tshwm sim hauv cov tshuaj ntsiav ntau ntawm cov tshuaj ntsiav loj) [49].

Cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb rau kev suav nrog microcapsules lossis cov hlab ntsha uas muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob yog qhov muaj peev xwm kaw qhov txiav nrog cov khoom me me; cov fibers tuaj yeem ua tau nyob rau tib theem txawm tias rov qab siv dua ua tsaug rau qhov kev txwv tsis pub rov ua dua tshiab uas ua rau rov ua haujlwm nruj dua. Los ntawm kev siv kev ntxhov siab rov qab, nws muaj peev xwm yuam kom kaw qhov tawg lossis txiav hauv matrix [50]. Microcapsules yog qhov zoo dua rau kev tiv thaiv corrosion luv luv.

Thaum kev puas tsuaj tshwm sim, themicrocapsule tawg, uas tso cai rau cov tshuaj kho kom rov ua haujlwm nrog cov hlau substrate los tsim cov txheej txheem passivating hloov pauv; Qhov no muab sijhawm rau kev kho kom zoo rau qhov chaw thiab tiv thaiv corrosion ntxiv.

Qhov no txhais tau hais tias kho yog ob-kauj ruam txheej txheem uas cov microcapsules disperse los ua ib tug passivating txheej uas txhim kho cov adhesionstrength thiab corrosion tsis kam ntawm substrate, thiab los ntawm qhov no, lub matrix tej zaum yuav tau rhuab mus pib lub shapememory nyhuv los kaw qhov chaw puas lawm [ 51] ib. Encapsulatinga catalyst, qhov twg muaj ib qho pib pellet thiab cov resinpellet, tuaj yeem ua rau kev kho tus kheej hauv cov khoom siv polymer; qhov no tau raug sim hauv polydimethylsiloxane ua tiav.Hollow iav fibers ua los ntawm borosilicate tuaj yeem ua cov tshuaj ntsiav rau cov kua dej kho. Cov neeg sawv cev, muaj peev xwm rov ua kom rov qab tau txog li 97% ntawm qhov qub flexural zog, muaj peev xwm ntau dua rau ib lub ntim ntawm khaws cia cov neeg ua haujlwm zoo, thiab tuaj yeem siv los ua ib qho kev pom kev pom kev puas tsuaj, tab sis cov fibers muaj kev txwv nyob rau hauv uas lawv yuav tsum tau ua ntej tawg los faib cov cov neeg sawv cev, thiab cov fibers tuaj yeem nthuav dav cua sov uas tuaj yeem ua rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm matrix [52].

Lwm qhov kev pom zoo los tiv thaiv cov khoom siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yuav yog cov khoom ua kom zoo, zoo li av nplaum ntxiv. Ib qho av nplaum tshwj xeeb ntawm kev txaus siab yuav yog montmorillonite av nplaum, sodium claythat tau hloov kho cov organic uas ua rau muaj kev sib raug zoo dua thiab muaj zog ntxiv rau polymer matrices; nws muaj 2D siv lead ua qauv hydrated nrog ib daim ntawv alumina octahedral nyob nruab nrab ntawm ob daim ntawv silica tetrahedral; Cov txheej txheej txheej no ua rau van der Waals qhov khoob [53].Montmorillonite av nplaum (pom hauv daim duab 16) yog qhov zoo, uas, thaum ntxiv rau cov txheej txheem polymer, them nyiaj rau qhov tsis zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm adsorbing alkali metalions mus rau cov av nplaum platelets uas tsim cov hydrophilic. daim ntawv av nplaum uas muaj kev ruaj ntseg suspensions hauv dej.

Nyob rau hauv ib lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov concentration, cov av nplaum tshem tawm ua ib qho viscous gel nyob rau hauv cov dej uas lub ntim ntim yog jammed los yog havea percolated network ntawm av nplaum hais tias yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam los ntawm cov pseudo-tshuaj cwj pwm cov gel exhibits; Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias cov polymer- av nplaum nanocomposites kuj muaj peev xwm nthuav tawm gelation tom qab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov av nplaum tau ua tiav. Thaum ntxiv rau cov txheej txheem polymer, montmorillonite av nplaum yuav tsum tau ua ntau dua organophilic los ntawm kev hloov cov alkali hlau nrog cationic surfactants feem ntau ntawm cov thawj, theem nrab, tertiary, thiab quaternary alkylammonium ions raws li reinforcing nonpolar polymers xav tau qhov sib ntxiv ntawm compatibilizers.

Mechanical, lub cev, thiab thermal zog ntawm polymer- av nplaum nanocomposites muaj peev xwm txhim kho los ntawm dispersionand exfoliation ntawm cov av nplaum platelets thoob plaws hauv matrix [54]. Tshwj xeeb, cov muab tub lim tso cai rau cov polymer kom ua tiav cov qauv siab dua, kev nce hauv thermal stability thiab conductivity, zoo dua cov kuab tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab ionic conductivity, thiab txhim kho tus kheej-passivation thiab barrier zog [53]. Kev suav nrog av nplaum rau hauv cov polymer matrix zoo li muaj abell nkhaus hauv kev ua tau zoo, vim tias qhov corrosion tam sim no ntom rau cov polymer ntawm 1 wt% ntawm av nplaum yog qhov kev txiav txim ntawm qhov loj dua qhov uas tsis muaj cov av nplaum, tab sis nws nce mus txog qhov sib npaug li wt. % ntawm av nplaum mus txog 10%.

Coatings nrog lowvalues ​​(nruab nrab ntawm 0 thiab 2 wt% av nplaum) qhia ib qho kev nce impedance nyob rau hauv kev sib piv rau cov dawb polymer txheej, tab sis nws poob ntau heev raws li qhov hnyav feem pua ​​ntawm cov av nplaum mus txog 2 wt% los yog ntau dua, vim av nplaum aggregating thiab agglomerating nyob rau hauv. matrix [54]. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev suav nrog av nplaum hauv polymer txhim kho tus nqi ntawm polymerization nrog rau qib ntawm polymerization, thaum tseem txhim kho cov txheej txheem raws li cov condensation polymerization txo cov tshuaj viscosity [53]. Polymer saw movementgets impeded los ntawm cov av nplaum nyob rau hauv lub matrix, thiab cov av nplaum kujimbues qis porosity thiab nruj dua li cov polymerchains yog lub cev entangled [54]. Kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv polymer yog nyob ntawm qhov muab tub lim dispersed thoob plaws hauv matrix; xws li, ib qho ntawm lub ntsiab tseem ceeb thaum nws los txog rau kev ntxiv cov fillers yog dispersion ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv amanner uas tiv thaiv agglomeration [53].

6. Cov qauv tsim

Cov teebmeem kev nco zoo tuaj yeem pab kho tus kheej los ntawm kev rub qhov chaw los ze zog ua ke; Qhov no tej zaum yuav ua tiav los ntawm kev sib txuas los yog sib txuas cov duab cim xeeb rau hauv polymer. Ib qho piv txwv yuav yog cov xov hlau encased hauv apolymer, qhov twg yog cov ntaub ntawv tawg hauv cov polymer, cov nyhuv shapemory tsim los ntawm cov xaim quab yuam kom tawg, thiab cov tshuaj ntsiav nyob thoob plaws hauv lub polymer tuaj yeem tso tawm cov tshuaj polymeric kho tus kheej kom kaw qhov tawg, yog li ntev npaum li qhov tawg nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam uas lub wirecan exert lub cim xeeb nyhuv [55]; ib qho piv txwv qhia hauv daim duab 17.

Kev kho tus kheej feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm tshav kub, txhais tau hais tias cov txheej txheem kev sib txhuam uas tuaj yeem tsim kom muaj cua sov txaus los coj cov polymer mus rau lub xeev viscoelastic yaj yuav ua rau cov polymer rebond thiab kho. Kev kho cua sov ntawm cov thermosets cia siab rau kev sib txuas ntawm cov pawg polymer uas tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam, qhov twg cov cua sov tau siv kom txog rau thaum cov molecules nyob rau hauv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog ib leeg thiab yog li tso cai rau cov pab pawg residual los teb. Cov kev xav tau rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thermoset yog tias lawv yuav tsum tau rov qab sib txuas rau lub network sib txuas thaum qis dua qhov kub thiab txias (kom txo cov teebmeem uas lawv yuav muaj rau cov khoom siv kho tshuab), tab sis ib zaug siab dua qhov kho qhov kub thiab txias, lawv dhau los ua lub xov tooj ntawm tes kom muaj kev sib kis thoob plaws qhov tawg, thiab qhov ntxiv ntawm cov kab saw hlau molecules yuav tsis cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm matrix.

Yog tias cov kab nrib pleb thiab tsis muaj zog yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov molecules tawg lossis lwm yam kev hloov pauv ntawm qib atomic, tom qab ntawd kho yuav tsum tshwm sim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kom rov ua dua cov molecules, lossis hauv lwm lo lus, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rov qab yuav tsum tshwm sim. Kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov polymeris txo qis yog tias tus nqi rov qab tshwm sim ntawm tib lub pace asdeterioration, tab sis qhov kub thiab txias yuav tsum tau kho tus kheej kom tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam cov tshuaj. Kev siv kev kho tus kheej los ntawm kev siv sab nraud, nws tsis yog cov matrix uas ua rau kho nws tus kheej tab sis cov tshuaj kho cov kab mob encapsulated, uas tau khaws cia rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm "pipeline" lossis microcapsule uas raug rhuav tshem, thiab hais tias cov neeg ua haujlwm raug tso tawm kom noj qab haus huv. [31].

Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias yog tias qhov kub thiab txias tshaj qhov polymer muaj peev xwm kho tau, nws yuav ua rau cov polymer deteriorate thiab tsis ua haujlwm zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tsis xws luag hauv cov txheej txheem polymer uas yuav tso cai rau corrosion tshwm sim ntawm cov hlau hauv qab tuaj yeem ua rau poob ntawm txheej adhesion thiab txo qhov kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov hlau. Kev kho tus kheej los ntawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg muaj kev cuam tshuam rau sab kev cuam tshuam uas tuaj yeem txo cov kev kho mob lossis cov khoom zoo li qub. Physiochemical mechanisms nyob rau hauv shapememory polymers muaj peev xwm thim rov qab txhua yam deformation uas yog induced los ntawm kev ntxhov siab los yog strain los ntawm ob peb txoj kev, qhov nrov tshaj plaws thiab yooj yim tshaj yog cua sov cov khoom, tsis tas yuav muaj tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Cov txheej txheem no tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm ntau lub iav hloov pauv kub (Tg) lossis qhov kub thiab txias (Tm) pom nyob rau hauv cov polymer, asthe polymer ib nrab melts thiab tuaj yeem ua kom khov tom qab, tab sis ib qho sib txawv ntawm cov thaiv kom muaj ib daim ntawv, ua rau ob qho tib si kom rov zoo. thiab cov duab tuav [19].Raws li tau hais yav dhau los, kev hloov pauv tau raug ntxias los ntawm cov duab nco alloy los ntawm cua sov; Qhov no yog qhov ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb rau daim ntawv thov ntawm lub cim xeeb polymers li ameans ntawm kev tiv thaiv corrosion vim tias lawv yuav muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias los txhawb kev hloov pauv. Qhov kev txhawj xeeb no tej zaum yuav txo tau los ntawm kev txwv uas tam sim no zoo li lub cim xeeb alloys muaj kev hloov pauv kub hauv qab 100 degree; Yog li, polymers tuaj yeem ua raws li kev tiv thaiv corrosion [11].

Piv txwv li, feem ntau DA adducts tsim ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm ib ncig lossis qis dua 90 degree thiab dissociate attemperatures li ntawm 110 txog 130 degree. Cov txheej txheem kho ntawm DA copolymers uas muaj furan / maleimide tshwm sim ntawm qhov kub ntawm 120 mus rau 150 degree vim qhov no ua rau ib feem ntawm debonding thiab yog li txhim kho kev txav mus los ntawm molecular [39].Yog li ntawd, cov polymers tuaj yeem phim qhov kub ntawm cov duab nco alloys thiab induce kho nyob rau hauv qhov ntau yam; Qhov teeb meem ces yog qhov zoo-tuning kom phim qhov kub thiab txias uas cov duab cim xeeb yuav siv qhov chaw rau ob qho tib si polymer thiab cov hlau.

Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los ntxias cov txheej txheem no, yog ib qho yooj yim tshaj plaws ua cov polymers raws li, feem ntau, ua rau Tg ntawm cov polymer sib xyaw ua raws li qhov nce hauv cov concentration ntawm qhov siab dua-Tg copolymer [38]. Xwb, kev suav nrog spacers rau hauv ib lub polymer tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau Tg li, piv txwv li, apolycaprolactone-based polymer cov khoom muaj qhov kub thiab txias los yog Tm ntawm 51.7 degree, tab sis qhov sib ntxiv ntawm spacers txo mus rau 49.6 degree.

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov chav tsev spacer tuaj yeem ua rau ncua sijhawm ntawm cov polymerization lossis txhim kho crystallization yog tias muaj cov polymers muaj peev xwm tsim cov hydrogen-bonded crystalline ntu, xws li polyurea [19]. Lwm cov khoom siv, xws li carbon nanotubes lossis graphene nanofillers, kuj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam Tg ntawm cov khoom siv polymer xws li, piv txwv li, qhov sib ntxiv ntawm 1 wt% graphene rau epoxy ester-siloxane urea polymer blend tuaj yeem nce Tg ntawm 95 txog 115 degree, raws li pom nyob rau hauv daim duab nyob rau hauv daim duab 18(a)–18(c) [17].Thaum lub maxima ntawm qhov poob tangent, tan δ, tshwm sim rau kev hloov nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm kub, nws yuav xam tau tias yog lub Tg ntawm cov khoom polymeric. , raws li nws hais txog lub zog thermal xav tau rau kev hloov pauv tshwm sim nrog cov molecules ntawm qib microscopic [56].

Yog li, qhov sib ntxiv ntawm graphene tuaj yeem nce Tg ntawm cov khoom, tab sis nws tsis yog ncaj nraim raws li nws pom tias wt% ntxiv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov polymers sib txawv, raws li tau qhia hauv cov duab saum toj no. Muaj loj tan δ maxima qhia; graph(c) qhia tau hais tias qhov thib ob tan δ maxima thiab yog ib qho ntawm thawj qhov kev txiav txim siab thiab yog qhov ncaj ncaj hauv qhov nce hauv wt% graphene los ntawm 0 mus rau 2 wt% ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv ntawm Tg los ntawm 95 txog 120 degree . Nyob rau hauv sib piv, graph(b) qhia thawj tan δ maxima, qhov uas nws zoo nkaus li tias qhov ntxiv ntawm graphene zuag qhia tag nrho ua hauj lwm los kuj txo Tg, pom los ntawm ob qho tib si 1 thiab 2 wt% muaj tus nqi qis Tg; Nws kuj tseem tsim nyog sau cia tias qhov nce wt% coj Tgcloser mus rau qhov zoo nkauj polymer [17]; qhov no tuaj yeem pom tau yooj yim dua hauv Table 4.Kev lag luam yog thawb mus rau kev tsim cov khoom kub siab zoo nco alloys muaj peev xwm ntawm transformationtemperatures ntau dua 100 degree .

Txawm li cas los xij, anyatempts ntawm kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv ruaj khov siab dua 100 degree yog qhov tsis txaus siab los ntawm qhov teeb meem uas cuam tshuam rau ntau lub zog thermal cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem ntawm tus nqi uas tshwm sim hauv cov khoom siv thiab yog li cuam tshuam rau microstructuralstability, nws tsis kam mus rau deformation, rov qab, thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig. [11]. Sib piv cov kev loj hlob yog kev loj hlob ntawm high-temperature zoo nco polymers; Ib qho piv txwv zoo li no yuav yog qhov kho tus kheej qhov kub thiab txias polyimide uas muaj qhov kub thiab txias ua haujlwm ntawm 243 degree yog tias polystyrene tau koom ua ke rau hauv cov polymer [37].Naturally, ntau txoj hauv kev tshiab tau tsim kho ntxiv uas tuaj yeem txhim kho cov kev siv tau zoo rau kev nco. polymers.

Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig uas cov khoom yuav muaj qhov kub thiab txias, kev kho tus kheej yuav tsis tshwm sim lossis tsis txaus rau qhov kev puas tsuaj tau txais; Yog li, nyob rau hauv xws li ib puag ncig nws yuav siv tau, nws yuav tsum tau siv cov tshuaj uas muaj peev xwm ntawm nws tus kheej cua sov cov khoom kom ua tiav cov kev xav tau. Yog li ntawd, lwm txoj kev pib kho tus kheej yuav tsum tau tsim; Ib txoj hauv kev yooj yim kom ua tiav qhov no yog hluav taws xob hauv hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob microwave, lossis lwm hom hluav taws xob, nyob ntawm seb cov khoom siv tau xaiv, txawm tias qhov no yuav tshwm sim ntawm chav tsev kub [52].

Tau txais txiaj ntsig, kev siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob microwave lossis infrared hluav taws xob los ua kom lub tshuab kho tus kheej tuaj yeem ua tau nyob deb thiab dhau ntawm thaj chaw tshwj xeeb tsis cuam tshuam rau thaj chaw ib puag ncig, ua haujlwm yuav luag tam sim ntawd, los ntawm qhov thib ob lub teeb tau tig rau lub sijhawm nws raug tua [57]. Txawm hais tias tsis tshua muaj feem cuam tshuam rau lub cim xeeb alloys, microwave lossis infrared hluav taws xob kwj dej kuj tseem ua haujlwm ua lub luag haujlwm ua rau lub cim xeeb polymerrecovery tus cwj pwm, thiab vim tias lawv muaj zog-npaum, qis qis, thiab ceev kom ua rau tus cwj pwm rov qab los, lawv muaj peev xwm thov rau lwm daim ntawv thov kev nco [ 58] ib.

Puab lub cim xeeb polymers uas siv infrared los yog microwave hluav taws xob raws li ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm activation feem ntau muaj xws li photosensitivefillers, xws li hlau nanoparticles los yog conjugated polymers, thiab conductive fillers zoo li graphene los yog carbon nanotubes rau thermally activated duab nco polymers induce qhov xav rov qab coj cwj pwm ntawm cov khoom [2, 52 , 57, 58] ib. Piv txwv li, multiwalled carbon nanotubes tau muab faib rau hauv ib lub polyurethane matrix uas ua rau kev txhim kho qhov siab tshaj plaws kev nyuab siab los ntawm 120%, lub zog rov qab los ntawm 100%, tensilestrength los ntawm 24%, thiab poob modulus los ntawm ib feem peb nyob rau hauv kev sib piv rau dawb polyurethane; Tsis tas li ntawd, nws enabled microwaves los qhib lub cim xeeb nyhuv hauv polyurethane [2].

Covpolymers uas ua rau lawv tus kheej kho cov txheej txheem viamicrowave lossis infrared hluav taws xob tau siv xws li cov coatings, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, lossis lwm yam kev siv roj ntsha thiab tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb rau cov peev txheej siv hauv aerospace [2, 52]. Lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev txiav txim siab yuav yog qhov nyuaj ntawm kev kho tus kheej cov polymers, uas yog qhov phem dua li covalent polymer tes hauj lwm vim tias lawv tuaj yeem thim rov qab cov ntawv cog lus lossis, ua lwm yam, ua txhaum thiab hloov kho lawv cov polymers kom ua tiav lawv lub peev xwm kho tau.

Yog tias muaj kev ruaj ntseg, covalent network tuaj yeem nkag mus rau lub network rov qab, ces cov khoom siv kho tshuab tuaj yeem txhim kho. Feem ntau, ua li no tsim cov hydrogel, tab sis lawv muaj cov dej loj hauv qhov uas ua rau lawv tsis tsim nyog ua cov khoom siv txheej vim tias lawv tuaj yeem leaching lossis corrode cov khoom thiab cuam tshuam rau nws tag nrho cov khoom. Reversible crosslinking ntawm covalent thiab reversible polymer tes hauj lwm yog ib qho nyuaj, asthe crosslinked cov ntaub ntawv yog immiscible thiab ib txwm xav tau cosolvents sib tov; sim tsim "qhuav" polymernetwork feem ntau ua rau viscoelastic theem sib cais.

Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim lub "qhuav" network yog ib qho kev tsim ntawm randomly branched crosslinked polymers muaj peev xwm los txhawb kev thim rov qab hydrogen bonding ntxiv rau cov kev sib txuas mus tas li, uas ua rau sib xyaw ntawm cov qib molecular yam tsis muaj viscoelastic theem sib cais lossis xav tau cosolvents. Qhov no tau tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm diamines andacrylic acid uas tsim cov supramolecular network nrog kev sib txuas ntawm amide-amide los yog kev sib txuas ntawm amide-carboxyl.Me me deformations ntawm hybrid elastomer cov ntaub ntawv tsuas yog ua rau kev tawg thiab hloov pauv ntawm hydrogen bonds, thiab loj deformations ua rau macrocrazing ntawm qhov ntsuas ntawm 1 mus rau 1000μm uas khaws cov khoom siv kev ncaj ncees thiab muaj zog afracture ntawm 13,500 J / m2, uas yog piv rau naturalrubber.

Kev kho tus kheej tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntawm chav tsev kub thiab, tom qab rov qab tuaj yeem muaj lub zog tensile piv rau lwm cov elastomers feem ntau ntawm 4MPa. Hmoov tsis zoo, cov ntawv thov uas xav txog kev tiv thaiv corrosion rau cov ntaub ntawv cim xeeb yuav raug txwv raws li lub network polymer muaj Tg ntawm 4-14 degree thiab ua raws li cov roj hmab elastomer ntawm chav tsev kub thiab yog li yuav tsum tau hloov kho thiab kev txi ntawm qee yam ntawm nws cov khoom los ua. raws li txheej txheej [59].Lwm txoj kev loj hlob rau cov duab nco composites yuav yog triple-shape nco composites.

Cov polymercomposites no tuaj yeem hloov mus rau ob qho tib si ib ntus ua ntej rov qab los rau hauv thawj, cov duab mus tas li thaum lawv tus cwj pwm rov qab los, yog li ua kom rov ua haujlwm nyuaj dua zoo dua li ntau cov duab cim xeeb. Cov kev hloov pauv no tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm ob qho kev ntsuas kub uas nws yuav hloov cov ntaub ntawv lossis qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas kub uas qhov kev hloov pauv yuav tshwm sim [60]. Cov kauj ruam hloov pauv tus cwj pwm nyob rau hauv lub polymer yog dab tsi cuam tshuam rau tus naj npawb ntawm cov hauj lwm ib ntus uas cov polymer yuav xav tias nyob rau hauv nws lub cim xeeb voj voog, txhais tau hais tias tus naj npawb ntawm cov kev hloov pauv kub nyob rau hauv ib tug polymer sib tov cuam tshuam rau tus naj npawb ntawm cov duab nws muaj peev xwm xav thiab yog li ntawd txhais tau hais tias quadruple-zoo los yog ntau dua. Cov qauv kev cim xeeb tuaj yeem ua tau.Qhov yooj yim txoj hauv kev kom ua tiav qhov no yog los ntawm cov khoom siv polymer nrog cov lus qhia dav dav ntawm cov saw hlau hloov pauv raws li qhov nce ntawm monomer ntau haiv neeg yuav tsum muaj kev sib txuam ntau dua ntawm cov khoom siv polymer [42].

Los ntawm kev sib txuas cov duab-nco alloys thiab cov duab-memorypolymers los tsim cov duab-nco sib xyaw, ib qho tuaj yeem tsim cov duab-nco sib xyaw nrog peb txoj kev txav los ntawm 3Dprinting cov duab-nco polymer nyob ib ncig ntawm cov duab-memoryalloy [3]. Qhov tseem ceeb, txawm li cas los xij, kev tshawb fawb txog cov khoom siv qhia tias deformation feem ntau txwv tsis pub muaj ntau yam nyob ib ncig ntawm thaj tsam linear elastic thiab tias qhov tawv tawv saum qhov kev hloov pauv qis qis txaus los txhawb kev nkag mus rau sab nraud; Tsis tas li ntawd, rau qee yam triple-shaped memorypolymer composites, thermal expansion ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua rau kom muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua ntawm deformation dua li qub ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. -shape nco composites yog tsim los ntawm polymer blending.

Polymer blending yog cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws raws li lub hom phiaj yog los tsim cov khoom sib xyaw los ntawm polymers uas yog thermally miscible nrog ib leeg; txwv tsis pub, tsis muaj zog orseparated interfaces tsim nyob rau hauv ciam teb, yog li tsis muaj zog tag nrho cov khoom ntawm lub peev xwm composite thiab muab hais tias, hmoov tsis, feem ntau resins thiab yas yog incapable of blending thermally, ib tug tsim nyog yam tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv kev loj hlob ntawm zoo triple-shape nco polymer composites yuav txiav txim siab. cov ntaub ntawv muaj peev xwm sib tov zoo [60].

7. Cov lus xaus

Polymers nthuav tawm lub sijhawm muaj peev xwm hauv kev tiv thaiv corrosion, vim tias lawv muaj peev xwm sib piv lossis dhau ntawm cov txheej txheem ntau ntxiv nrog rau cov ntsiab lus xws li phom sij chromium los tiv thaiv corrosion. Tab sis raws li cov polymers inherently inert rau ib puag ncig, lawv muaj feem yuav ua rau ib tug gradual poob functionality vim microcracking, thiab yog li ntawd, nws yog ntshaw kom siv polymers muaj peev xwm kho tus kheej xws li apolyimide-b-polyurea blend. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev kho tus kheej polymers tuaj yeem txhim kho ntxiv siv nanomaterialsor lwm cov ntaub ntawv muab tub lim, vim tias lawv tuaj yeem txhim kho cov kev coj ua ntawm cov polymer sib xyaw lossis ua haujlwm los txhim kho lub sijhawm ntawm cov duab nco polymers. Cov kev txhim kho yav tom ntej hais txog cov duab nco polymers yuav tsom mus rau kev txiav cov polymer sib xyaw rau lub hom phiaj nyiam los ntawm kev sib ntxiv ntawm qee qhov muab tub lim, xws li microcapsules, lossis xaiv pib cov txheej txheem kho tus kheej orshape nco txiaj ntsig, xws li daim ntawv thov ntawm infrared ormicrowave hluav taws xob hla ib qho tshwj xeeb. thaj chaw los ntawm kev suav nrog, piv txwv li, carbon nanotubes. Cov kev tsim kho no yuav tsum tso cai rau cov txheej txheem kom haum rau qhov ua tau zoo hauv aerospace, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov qauv siv tau, lossis cov neeg hlau thiab lwm yam kev siv, xws li actuators. Feem ntau, cov cheeb tsam uas lub cim xeeb polymer ib leeg yuav muaj lub zog tsis txaus lossis lwm yam khoom siv uas lub cev muaj peev xwm muaj thaum tuav cov txheej txheem pheej yig dua thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom corrosion-tiv thaiv txheej yuav ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws rau kev siv lub cim xeeb polymer txheej.

Cov ntaub ntawv muaj

Cov ntaub ntawv txhawb nqa Phau Ntawv Tshawb Fawb no yog muaj los ntawm lawv tus kws sau ntawv sau los ntawm cov phau ntawv journalsfound nyob rau hauv nqe lus qhia ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas. Lawv raug suav hais tias muaj feem cuam tshuam rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem raws li kev siv [1–60]. Rau cov duab thiab cov ntxhuav, cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv lub rooj lossis hauv qab daim duab hauv cov ntawv piav qhia txog daim duab.Daim duab 2, 11, 15, 16, thiab 18 yog siv nrog kev tso cai ntawm Tus Sau.

Kev tsis sib haum xeeb

Cov kws sau ntawv tshaj tawm tsis muaj kev sib cav ntawm kev txaus siab uas yuav cuam tshuam rau daim ntawv.

Cov ntaub ntawv

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