Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Phlomis Thiab Eremostachys Hom (Lamiaceae) Nrog rau Kev Qhia Txog Iridoids, Phenylethanoid Glycosides, Thiab Cov Roj Tseem Ceeb

TSEEM CEEB:

Raws li lub thib rau-loj tshaj plaws Angiosperm tsev neeg, Lamiaceae muaj ntau tshaj 245 genera thiab 7886 hom uas muab faib thoob ntiaj teb. Nws tseem yog tsev neeg thib peb loj tshaj plaws raws li tus naj npawb ntawm taxa nyob rau hauv Qaib Cov Txwv qhov chaw uas nws yog sawv cev los ntawm 46 genera thiab 782 taxa nrog ib tug siab endemism piv (44 feem pua). Tsis tas li ntawd, Lamiaceae yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag nrog nyiaj txiag thiab tshuaj muaj nqis uas muaj volatile thiab nonvolatile compounds. Ntau cov nroj tsuag muaj ntxhiab ntawm Lamiaceae xws li Salvia, Sideritis, Stachys, Phlomis, thiab Teucrium yog siv rau hauv cov tshuaj ntsuab tshuaj ntsuab thoob plaws hauv Turkey thiab hauv lwm lub tebchaws Mediterranean. Salvia (Sage tshuaj yej "Adaçayı"), Sideritis (Roob tshuaj yej "Dağçayı"), Stachys (Hairy Tea "Tüylü Çay"), thiab Phlomis (Turkish sage "Çalba los yog Şalba") yog cov loj tshaj plaws genera uas siv los ua tshuaj ntsuab tshuaj yej. Qhov kev tshuaj xyuas no tsom mus rau qhov tsis hloov pauv thiab tsis hloov pauv ntawm Lamiaceae los ntawm genera Phlomis thiab Eremostachys ntawm subfamily Lamioideae nrogtsom rau iridoids, phenylethanoid glycosides, thiabcov roj tseem ceeb.

Nyem qhov no kom tau txais cov qauv ntawm 75 feem pua ​​​​PHENYLETHANOID GLYCOSIDES HERBAL CISTANCHE EXTRACT

Kev Taw Qhia Raws li lub thib rau-loj tshaj plaws Angiosperm tsev neeg, Lamiaceae muaj ntau tshaj 245 genera thiab 7886 hom faib thoob ntiaj teb. Nws tseem yog tsev neeg thib peb loj tshaj plaws raws li tus naj npawb ntawm cov se hauv Turkey. Nyob rau hauv Qaib Cov Txwv, tsev neeg Lamiaceae muaj 46 genera thiab 782 taxa (603 hom, 179 subspecies, thiab ntau yam), ntawm uas 346 taxa (271 hom, 75 subspecies thiab ntau yam) (ca. 44 feem pua) yog endemic. Muaj 28 hom hybrid, 24 ntawm uas yog cov kab mob. Stachys L. (118 taxa), Salvia L. (107 taxa), Sideritis L. (54 taxa), Phlomis L. (53 taxa), thiab Teucrium L. (49 taxa) yog cov loj tshaj 5 genera. Kwv yees li ntawm 72 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov tsiaj muaj nyob hauv 10 genera loj tshaj plaws, thaum 15 genera yog monotypic [1]. Lamiaceae yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag uas muaj nyiaj txiag thiab tshuaj muaj nqis vim yog cov roj yam tseem ceeb thiab lwm yam active constituents. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1990s, kev tshawb fawb tsom feem ntau ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov roj yam tseem ceeb xws li mono thiab sesquiterpenes. Nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm cov txheej txheem spectroscopic, ntau yam ntawm nonvolatile isoprenoids nrog diand triterpenoid cov qauv (dawb lossis glycosylated derivatives) thiab ecdysteroids tau tshaj tawm raws li cov neeg sawv cev rau ntau yam kev ua ub no. Iridoids thiab monoterpene lactones yog nonvolatile glycosidic isoprenoids. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm iridoids hauv qee tsev neeg subfamilies tau muaj kev txaus siab rau taxonomic loj. Tsis tas li ntawd, phenolic tebchaw, flavonoids (flavones, flavonols, flavanones, dihydro flavonols, chalcones), anthocyanins (cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, pelargonidin glycosides, thiab lawv cov acylated derivatives), thiab caffeoylsside cov pab pawg neeg tshawb fawb glycosides vim muaj ntau yam kev tshawb fawb. taxonomic tseem ceeb thiab lom thiab tshuaj ua haujlwm [2]. Lub siab lom ntau haiv neeg nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm taxa, ua ke nrog cov loj feem ntawm cov nroj tsuag siv ib txwm, ua rau phytochemical thiab pharmacognostic kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv tshuaj nrhiav pom.

Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev tshawb fawb txog kev txaus siab rau iridoids, nrog rau lwm cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov nroj tsuag Lamiaceae, rov qab mus rau xyoo 1982 rau ib tus kws sau ntawv ua haujlwm no (IC). Galeopsis pubescent yog ib hom kev kawm rau iridoids los ntawm E. Rogenmoser ntawm Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETHZ) hauv pab pawg ntawm Prof. Sticher [3]. Iridoids xws li daunoside, harpagide, acetylharpagide, thiab galiridoside tau tshaj tawm los ntawm G. pubescens. Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb tau ua los ntawm qhov tseem tsis tau paub txog feem ntawm G. pubescens tau ua rau kev sib cais ntawm 2 phenylethanoid glycosides (PhEts), martynoside thiab isomartynoside [4]. Cov 2 metabolites no tau pom zoo sib xws rau cov caffeic acid derivatives qhia hauv cov nroj tsuag siab dua los ntawm Harborne [5]. Nws tau pom tias caffeic esters yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tshawb fawb chemotaxonomic. Kev faib tawm ntawm rosmarinic acid thiab orobanchin tau kawm txog lawv qhov tshwm sim hauv qee qhov Tubiflorae. Orobanchin tau piav qhia tias yog ib qho derivative ntawm caffeic acid, 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylethanol, qabzib, thiab rhamnose, thiab tsuas yog tau tshaj tawm tias yog ib feem ntawm Orobanche minor (Orobanchaceae). Qhov tseeb, thawj cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm caffeoyl qab zib esters rov qab mus rau xyoo 1950.Echinacoside, ib qho triglycosidic phenylethanoid cais los ntawm Echinacea angustifolia (Asteraceae) hauv 1950 tau txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv 1983, thaum verbascoside thawj cais nyob rau hauv 1963 yog structurally txiav txim nyob rau hauv 1968 [6].

Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm iridoids thiab phenylethanoid glycosides hauv qee cov nroj tsuag ntawm Tubiflorae ua rau peb tsom mus rau peb cov kev tshawb fawb txog kev xaiv xaiv cov nroj tsuag ntawm Lamiaceae thiab Scrophulariaceae. Ob pawg pawg tau pom zoo tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tshawb fawb chemotaxonomic. Yog li, kev tshawb fawb tau pib rau cov nroj tsuag xws li Scrophularia scopolii (Scrophulariaceae) [7–9], Betonica officinalis (Lamiaceae) [10], Stachys lavandulifolia (Lamiaceae) [11], Phlomis linearis (Lamiaceae) [12–14], P. bourgaei [15–16], Pedicularis hom (Scrophulariaceae) [17], Lagotis stolonifera (Scrophulariaceae) [18] Phlomis armeniaca, thiab Scutellaria salviiifolia [19], yielding iridoid thiab phenylethanoid glycosides. Nyob rau hauv sib piv nrog rau feem ntau ntawm aucubine-type iridoids nyob rau hauv Scrophulariaceae, loganin-hom iridoids feem ntau tau kuaj pom thiab txheeb xyuas hauv cov nroj tsuag Lamiaceae.

Lub Lamiaceae (Labiatae) Congress ntawm 1991 ntawm Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev kawm yav tom ntej. Ajugoideae, Chloanthoideae, Lamioideae, Nepetoideae, Pogostomonoideae, Scutellarioidea, Teucrioideae, thiab Viticoideae tau tshaj tawm tias yog 8 subfamilies ntawm Lamiaceae [20]. Nyob rau hauv lub rooj sib tham no, tsev neeg Lamiaceae tau tham nyob rau hauv lub teeb ntawm biogeography thiab phylogenetic kev sib raug zoo, systematic kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov cim thiab pab pawg neeg, biology, chromosome tooj thiab yug me nyuam system, tshuaj constituents, nroj tsuag-kab sib cuam tshuam, thiab economics ntawm genera.

Lub sijhawm 2 xyoo dhau los, cov yam ntxwv thiab kev faib tawm ntawm ntau tus tswv cuab ntawm Lamiaceae tau tshawb xyuas ob qho tib si chemotaxonomically thiab systematically. Hauv xyoo 1999, 96 Lamiaceae taxa tau tshawb fawb txog qhov muaj rosmarinic thiab caffeic acids [21]. Rosmarinic acid tau pom nyob rau hauv txhua hom ntawm subfamily Nepetoideae tab sis tsis tuaj ntawm cov nyob hauv subfamily Lamioideae. Txawm li cas los xij, hom Lamioideae tau nplua nuj nyob hauv caffeic acid. Xyoo 2000, Pedersen tau kawm txog 110 genera ntawm Lamiaceae (Labiatae) rau 2 cov cim tshuaj uas muab kev txhawb nqa rau subfamily faib ntawm Lamiaceae [22]. Hauv 2 lub tsev neeg loj, cov genera ntawm Lamioideae, nplua nuj nyob rau hauv iridoids, tau tshaj tawm tias muaj phenylethanoid glycosides thiab muaj tricolpate pollen nplej, thaum lub genera ntawm Nepetoidea uas muaj ntau dua cov roj tseem ceeb tau tshaj tawm tias muaj rosmarinic acid thiab tau pom. kom muaj hexacolpate pollen nplej. Xyoo 2017, 2 lub tsev neeg tshiab tau suav nrog hauv Lamiaceae: Callicarpoideae (170 Callicarpa hom) thiab Tectonoideae (3 Tectona hom) [23]. Raws li kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no, 12 subfamilies tau lees paub hauv Lamiaceae: Ajugoideae, Lamioideae, Nepetoideae, Prostantherroideae, Scutellarioideae, Symphorematoideae, Viticoideae. Cymarioideae, Peronematoideae, Premnoideae, Callicarpoideae, thiab Tectonoideae [1, 24, 25]. Yog li, cov kev tshawb fawb zoo tau txhawb nqa ntau haiv neeg ntawm Lamiaceae hauv ntau yam nrog rau lawv cov tshuaj lom neeg. Hauv Flora ntawm Qaib Cov Txwv, Ajugoideae, Lamioideae, Nepetoideae, Scutellarioideae, thiab Viticoideae yog cov subfamilies ntawm Lamiaceae uas sawv cev los ntawm 48 genera thiab 782 taxa nrog qib siab ntawm endemism (ca. 44 feem pua). Stachys (118 taxa), Salvia (107 taxa), Sideritis (54 taxa), Phlomis (53 taxa), thiab Teucrium (49 taxa) yog cov loj tshaj 5 genera uas qhia siab endemism (▶ Table 1) [1, 26]. Cov tswv cuab ntawm tsev neeg no yog lub npe hu ua ua noj ua haus, flavoring tshuaj ntsuab los yog tshuaj ntsuab tshuaj yej, ntau ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv Qaib Cov Txwv raws li zoo raws li Mediterranean cheeb tsam thiab ntau subtropical semi-arid zones thoob ntiaj teb.

Peb cov kev tshawb fawb phytochemical thiab chemotaxonomic tsom mus rau theem genus ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm pawg neeg hauv Lamioideae (Lamieae: Lamium; Marrubieae: Marrubium, Molucella; Leonureae: Leonurus; Phlomideae: Phlomis, Eremostachys; Stachydeae: Stachys, Sideritis, Galsiseopseium) , Scutellarioideae (Scutellaria), Ajugoideae (Ajugeae: Ajuga; Clerodenreae: Clerodendrum; Teucrieae: Teucrium) rau iridoid thiab PhEts txheem. Qhov kev tshuaj xyuas tam sim no muab cov ntsiab lus ntxaws ntxaws ntawm cov txiaj ntsig los ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb tau ua nyob rau ntawm hom genus Phlomis L. thiab Eremostachys Bunge los ntawm pawg Phlomideae ntawm subfamily Lamioideae.

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