Relational Memory in The Early Stage Of Psychosis: A 2-Year Follow-up Study

Keeb kwm

Kev nco txog kev sib raug zoo, lub peev xwm los muab cov ntaub ntawv sib txuas rau hauv kev nco, muaj kev cuam tshuam me ntsis hauv kev puas siab puas ntsws thaum ntxov thiab cuam tshuam loj heev hauv kev mob schizophrenia, qhia tias kev nco txog kev sib raug zoo tuaj yeem ua tsis zoo thoob plaws hauv kev mob. Txoj Kev: Kev nco txog kev sib raug zoo tau raug sim hauv 66 tus neeg mob uas muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws thaum ntxov thiab 64 kev tswj xyuas kev noj qab haus huv, ntawm 59 tus neeg mob thiab 52 kev tswj hwm tau soj ntsuam longitudinally ntawm lub hauv paus thiab 2- xyoo rov qab. Kev nco txog kev sib raug zoo raug soj ntsuam los ntawm 2 txoj haujlwm ntxiv los sim seb cov tib neeg kawm txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov khoom (lub ntsej muag-scene khi txoj haujlwm) thiab xav txog kev sib raug zoo (kev sib koom tes ua haujlwm). TAM SIM NO: Pab pawg neeg puas siab puas ntsws thaum ntxov tau pom tias muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev nco txog kev sib raug zoo hauv ob qho kev ua haujlwm piv rau kev tswj hwm kev noj qab haus huv. Cov neeg mob puas siab puas ntsws thaum ntxov tseem tsis muaj peev xwm kawm txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov khoom, thaum muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj kev xav txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev cob qhia, txawm tias tsis nyob rau theem ntawm kev tswj hwm kev noj qab haus huv. Cov neeg mob puas siab puas ntsws thaum ntxov uas tsis muaj tus mob schizophrenia tom qab rov qab tau muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog kev nco zoo dua li cov neeg uas muaj tus mob schizophrenia. NYEEM NTXIV: Relational memory deficits yog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev cuam tshuam txog kev puas siab puas ntsws thaum ntxov, qee qhov kev txhim kho thiab tsis tshua mob hnyav rau cov neeg mob uas tsis muaj tus mob schizophrenia.

Ntsiab lus

schizophrenia; schizophreniform; longitudinal; hippocampus; nco;Cov txiaj ntsig Cistanche.

Nyem qhov no kom tau txaisCistanche extract

Taw qhia

Schizophrenia yog txuam nrog kev paub tsis meej. Kev nco tsis txaus yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog: lawv tshwm sim thaum ntxov ntawm tus kab mob, txhim kho lub sijhawm ntawm tus mob, thiab muaj zog kwv yees ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo. Ib daim ntawv ntawm kev nco, kev nco txog kev sib raug zoo, yog qhov cuam tshuam loj heev hauv schizophrenia thiab muaj kev txhawj xeeb tshwj xeeb hauv tus mob schizophrenia vim nws qhov kev cia siab hnyav rau ntawm qhov tsis zoo prefrontal-hippocampal network.

Relational nco yog hais txog lub peev xwm los ua ke ntawm tus kheej cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev paub los tsim kev sib koom ua ke sawv cev ntawm cov xwm txheej tsis sib xws. Peb lub cim xeeb tsis yog "snapshot" ntawm peb cov kev paub dhau los, tab sis qhov hloov pauv hloov pauv uas cuam tshuam cov xwm txheej rau lub network ntawm kev sib raug zoo. Cov neeg mob uas muaj kab mob hippocampal qhia tias muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev hauv kev nco txog kev sib raug zoo, thaum lwm hom kev nco, nrog rau kev nco rau cov khoom ib leeg, kuj tsis zoo. Ib yam li ntawd, kev nco txog kev sib raug zoo yog qhov tsis zoo rau hauv schizophrenia thiab cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm hippocampal txawv txav. Kev sib koom tes ntawm hippocampus nrog prefrontal cortex kuj txhawb nqa lub peev xwm los ua cov kev xav tshiab txog kev sib raug zoo. Cov neeg mob uas muaj tus mob schizophrenia qhia tias muaj peev xwm txo qis los ua cov kev xav tshiab raws li kev kawm ua ntej, thiab cov kev tsis txaus no cuam tshuam nrog hippocampal thiab prefrontal cortical dysfunction.

Qhov cuam tshuam kev nco tsis txaus pom nyob rau hauv tus mob schizophrenia tuaj yeem ua ke nrog kev nce qib ntawm hippocampal-prefrontal neuropathology. Relational nco deficits muaj ntau pronounced nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntev ntawm tus mob schizophrenia tshaj nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov psychosis los yog cov chaw kho mob muaj kev pheej hmoo siab xeev Ib yam li ntawd, lub hippocampus thiab prefrontal cortex nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob uas muaj mob schizophrenia muaj ib tug tseem ceeb yam ntxwv thiab kev ua hauj lwm deficits, nrog tsawg neuropathology pom nyob rau hauv lub ntxov theem. tus kab mob. Qhov no coj Lepage li al. los tawm tswv yim hais tias kev sib raug zoo nco tsis txaus yog ib tug proxy rau kev loj hlob ntawm neuropathology nyob rau hauv schizophrenia. Kev tshawb fawb ntev ntev ntawm kev sib raug zoo nco tau pom qhov kev nco tsis zoo tom qab 5 txog 11 xyoo mob, uas txhawb nqa qhov kev thov no, Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis paub meej tias puas muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog kev nco tsis zoo thaum thawj xyoo muaj mob.

Cistanche ntxiv

Txhawm rau ntsuas qhov kev xav no, peb siv cov qauv tsim ntev los tshuaj xyuas kev nco txog kev sib raug zoo nyob rau theem pib ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws. Cov neeg mob ua tiav qhov kev ntsuam xyuas hauv paus hauv 2 xyoos ua ntej pib thiab kev soj ntsuam 2 xyoos tom qab. Cov neeg koom ua tiav ob txoj haujlwm ntxiv los ntsuas qhov sib txawv ntawm kev nco txog kev sib raug zoo: lub ntsej muag-scene binding (FSB) txoj haujlwm, uas siv lub qhov muag tsis pom kev los ntsuas lub peev xwm los khi ob yam khoom tsis ncaj ncees (lub ntsej muag thiab qhov chaw) ua ke, thiab kev sib koom ua ke (AI ) txoj hauj lwm, uas ntsuas lub peev xwm los ua kom meej meej inferences siv cov khoom khi (ntsej muag nrog lub tsev). Yuav tsum tau siv lub cim xeeb ua ntej (daim duab 1). Txoj haujlwm AI tau pom zoo los ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Kho Mob Neuroscience txhawm rau txhim kho kev paub txog tus mob Schizophrenia (CNTRICS) txoj haujlwm raws li txoj haujlwm ntawm kev xaiv rau kev kawm txog kev nco txog kev sib raug zoo hauv schizophrenia.

Peb yav dhau los pom qhov cuam tshuam loj ntawm kev nco tsis txaus hauv FSB thiab AI cov haujlwm hauv ib qho piv txwv ntawm tus mob schizophrenics ntev nrog lub sijhawm ntawm 16 txog 22 xyoo thiab tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam txog kev nco tsis txaus hauv cov qauv ntawm cov neeg mob hlwb nrog lub sijhawm tsawg dua 2 xyoos. Nov yog thawj qhov kev tshawb fawb ntev ntawm ob txoj haujlwm no. Peb kwv yees tias kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev nco tsis zoo yuav ua rau tsis zoo nyob rau hauv 2 xyoos ntawm kev mob. Hauv kev soj ntsuam thib ob, peb tau sim qhov kev xav tias kev nco txog kev sib raug zoo yog qhov cuam tshuam ntau dua rau cov neeg mob uas muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws thaum ntxov uas muaj tus mob schizophrenia dua li cov uas tsis muaj tus mob schizophrenia. Vim tias cov haujlwm no sim ntau yam ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev nco thiab siv ntau txoj hauv kev, uas yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov haujlwm, peb tshaj tawm cov haujlwm no nyias.

Cistanche ntsiav tshuaj

Xaus

Peb txoj kev kawm muaj qee qhov kev txwv. Ua ntej, kev poob ntawm cov neeg koom nrog kev soj ntsuam yuav ua rau muaj kev tsis ncaj ncees rau cov qauv mus rau kev ua haujlwm siab dua phenotypes. Qhov kev txhawj xeeb no feem ntau txo qis los ntawm kev khaws cia siab hauv kev puas siab puas ntsws thaum ntxov (89 feem pua) thiab kev tswj hwm kev noj qab haus huv (81 feem pua). Peb kuj tseem tsis tau pom muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov pej xeem lossis kev kho mob sib txawv ntawm cov neeg koom ua tiav lossis tsis ua tiav qhov kev kawm. Qhov thib ob, feem ntau ntawm cov neeg koom nrog kev puas siab puas ntsws thaum ntxov tau txais cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus thiab kev soj ntsuam, txawm hais tias tsawg dua ntawm kev soj ntsuam (64 feem pua) dua li ntawm cov hauv paus (85 feem pua), uas yuav cuam tshuam txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev nco. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev sib raug zoo nco kev ua tau zoo thiab cov tshuaj noj. Thib peb, kev tswj hwm kev noj qab haus huv muaj qhov txhais tau tias IQ siab dua; Cov kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej yuav tsum ntsuas kev nco txog kev sib raug zoo hauv cov neeg mob uas muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws thaum ntxov, piv txwv li, hauv cov neeg mob uas tsis muaj kev xav tsis zoo.

Peb xaus lus tias kev nco txog kev sib raug zoo nyob rau theem pib ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab tsis poob qis ntxiv hauv 2 xyoos tom ntej. Peb pom cov pov thawj ntseeg tau tias cov neeg mob uas muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws thaum ntxov muaj kev xav zoo dua thiab lawv tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo dua. Kev tshuaj xyuas qhov sib txawv ntawm kev nco tsis zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb los txiav txim siab leej twg yuav lossis yuav tsis muaj tus mob schizophrenia. Peb qhov kev tshawb pom qhia tias kev khaws cia lub peev xwm ntawm kev muaj peev xwm thaum ntxov ntawm tus kab mob yuav yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev mob hnyav thiab kev kho mob.

Cistanche Tubulosa

Yuav kho tus mob schizophrenia li cas los ntawm kev siv Cistanche extract?

Schizophrenia yog ib qho kev puas siab puas ntsws loj uas cuam tshuam txog kwv yees li 1 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov pej xeem thoob ntiaj teb. Tus mob feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov tsos mob xws li delusions, hallucinations, kev xav tsis meej, thiab kev xav blunting. Txawm hais tias tam sim no tsis muaj kev kho mob rau tus mob schizophrenia, kev kho mob xws li tshuaj tiv thaiv kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab kev kho mob hlwb tuaj yeem pab tswj cov tsos mob. Cistanche extract, tshuaj suav tshuaj suav tshuaj, tau pom zoo tias yog kev kho mob ntxiv rau kev kho tus mob schizophrenia.

Cistanche extract muaj ntau lub zog sib txuas, suav nrog echinacoside, Acteoside, thiab phenylethanoid glycosides, uas tau pom tias muaj kev tiv thaiv kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov khoom no yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tswj cov tsos mob schizophrenia xws li kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab kev paub tsis meej.

Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb luam tawm nyob rau hauv Phau ntawv Journal of Ethnopharmacology tshawb xyuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm Cistanche extract ntawm dopamine receptors, uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho kev puas siab puas ntsws hauv schizophrenia. Txoj kev tshawb nrhiav pom tias Cistanche extract txo qhov kev ua ntawm dopamine D2 receptors thiab coj mus rau kev txhim kho hauv kev coj cwj pwm ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws hauv nas.

Lwm txoj kev tshawb fawb tsiaj tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv phau ntawv Journal Neuropharmacology pom tias Cistanche extracts txhim kho spatial ua hauj lwm nco thiab txo kev txawj ntse tsis txaus los ntawm cov tshuaj uas ua raws li cov tsos mob zoo li schizophrenia.

Thaum cov kev tshawb fawb no qhia txog cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm Cistanche extract hauv kev kho tus mob schizophrenia, xav tau kev tshawb fawb ntxiv kom nkag siab txog nws cov txheej txheem thiab cov peev txheej kho mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau sab laj nrog tus kws kho mob ua ntej pib kho tshiab lossis tshuaj ntxiv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov neeg muaj mob hauv qab lossis noj tshuaj.

Ntxiv rau Cistanche extract, muaj lwm yam kev cuam tshuam kev ua neej thiab kev kho mob uas tuaj yeem pab tswj cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob schizophrenia. Psychotherapy, xws li kev paub txog tus cwj pwm kev coj cwj pwm lossis kev kho tsev neeg, tuaj yeem muab kev txhawb nqa thiab qhia kev daws teeb meem los pab cov tib neeg uas muaj tus mob schizophrenia tswj lawv cov tsos mob.

Kev txhawb nqa kev sib raug zoo kuj tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj tus mob schizophrenia. Cov neeg hauv tsev neeg, cov phooj ywg, thiab pab pawg txhawb nqa tuaj yeem muab qhov chaw txhawb nqa los pab cov tib neeg uas muaj tus mob schizophrenia tiv thaiv lawv cov tsos mob thiab txhim kho lawv lub neej zoo.

Kev tawm dag zog, noj zaub mov zoo, pw tsaug zog txaus, thiab cov tswv yim tswj kev ntxhov siab kuj tuaj yeem pab tswj cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob schizophrenia. Kev ua si lub cev tau pom tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub siab thiab txhim kho kev paub txog kev ua haujlwm tag nrho, thaum noj zaub mov zoo muab cov as-ham tseem ceeb uas txhawb nqa lub hlwb.

Nyob rau hauv xaus, Cistanche extract qhia tau hais tias muaj peev xwm raws li ib tug ntxiv kev kho mob rau kev kho mob schizophrenia los ntawm nws cov antipsychotic thiab anti-inflammatory zog. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshawb fawb ntxiv yog xav tau kom nkag siab tag nrho nws cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua thiab kev kho mob muaj peev xwm. Nrog rau Cistanche extract, lwm yam kev cuam tshuam hauv kev ua neej, kev kho mob hlwb, thiab kev txhawb nqa kev sib raug zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj cov tsos mob schizophrenia thiab txhim kho lub neej zoo rau cov tib neeg cuam tshuam los ntawm tus mob. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm ze nrog tus kws kho mob los txiav txim siab txog txoj kev kho mob zoo tshaj plaws thiab kev ua haujlwm rau kev tswj tus mob schizophrenia.

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Suzanne N. Avery1,4, Kristan Armstrong1,4, Maureen McHugo1, Simon Vandekar2, Jennifer Urbano Blackford1,3, Neil D. Woodward1, thiab Stephan Heckers1

1. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212;

2. Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212;

3. Department of Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, TN

4. Ob tus kws sau ntawv tau pab sib npaug rau txoj kev tshawb no.