Punicic Acid Thiab Nws Lub Luag Haujlwm Hauv Kev Tiv Thaiv Cov Kab Mob Neurological: Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Ntu 2

3. Punicic Acid

Hauv qhov xwm txheej, qhov ntau tshaj plaws ntawm punicic acid (PuA) yog pomegranate (Punicagranatum), nrog rau qhov kawg ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo genotype.

Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm noob caj noob ces technology, ntau thiab ntau tus neeg tau saib xyuas kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov noob thiab kev nco. Kev tshawb fawb pom tau tias cov noob muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau tib neeg kev txawj ntse thiab kev nco.

Ua ntej, kev hloov pauv caj ces tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau tus neeg qhov kev txawj ntse. Kev txawj ntse muaj feem xyuam nrog tib neeg lub hlwb qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm, thiab cov yam ntxwv no cuam tshuam los ntawm cov noob. Piv txwv li, qee cov noob muaj feem cuam tshuam rau lub hlwb cov neurotransmitter theem, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau lub hlwb kev kawm thiab kev txawj ntse. Yog li yog tias qee tus neeg muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo li no, lawv yuav muaj kev txawj ntse dua lwm tus.

Qhov thib ob, cov noob kuj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau tib neeg lub cim xeeb. Qee cov noob muaj feem cuam tshuam rau tus neeg lub hippocampus, ib qho tseem ceeb hauv lub hlwb thaj tsam ze rau kev nco. Qee tus neeg yuav tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo nrog cov qauv hippocampal zoo dua, thiab lawv tuaj yeem kawm los ntawm cov kev paub yooj yim dua li lwm tus, khaws cov ntaub ntawv thiab siv rau tom qab cov xwm txheej.

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov noob tseem tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau tib neeg txoj kev kawm thiab cov tswv yim nco. Qee cov noob tuaj yeem txhawb kev mloog thiab kev xav, cov yam ntxwv uas pab nco. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee cov noob kuj tseem cuam tshuam rau tib neeg lub siab lub ntsws, yog li cuam tshuam rau kev kawm thiab kev nco. Piv txwv li, qee tus neeg yuav tau txais cov noob uas ua rau lawv ntxhov siab, uas yuav cuam tshuam rau lawv txoj kev kawm thiab nco txog cov ntaub ntawv tshiab.

Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias cov noob tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev txawj ntse thiab kev nco, qhov no tsis tau txhais hais tias txhua tus neeg muaj kev txwv tsis pub muaj caj ces. Ib puag ncig thiab kev paub dhau los tseem ceeb sib npaug. Kev ua neej nyob thiab kev paub dhau los yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim thiab txhim kho kev txawj ntse thiab kev nco. Los ntawm kev kawm thiab kev xyaum ua tsis muaj qhov kawg, tib neeg tuaj yeem txhim kho lawv txoj kev txawj ntse thiab kev nco txog lub peev xwm thiab niaj hnub tshaj lawv tus kheej.

Feem ntau, cov noob yog ib feem ntawm tib neeg kev txawj ntse thiab kev nco, tab sis lawv tsis yog tag nrho. Los ntawm kev tsim kom muaj ib puag ncig sab nraud thiab ua raws li lub neej noj qab haus huv los txhim kho kev nco thiab kev txawj ntse, tib neeg tuaj yeem ua rau lawv tus kheej zoo dua thiab ua tiav. Nws tuaj yeem pom tias peb yuav tsum txhim kho kev nco, thiab Cistanche deserticola tuaj yeem txhim kho kev nco, vim Cistanche deserticola muaj antioxidant, tiv thaiv kev mob, thiab tiv thaiv kev laus, uas tuaj yeem pab txo qis oxidation thiab inflammatory tshwm sim hauv lub hlwb, yog li tiv thaiv cov kab mob. kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub paj hlwb. Tsis tas li ntawd, Cistanche deserticola kuj tseem tuaj yeem txhawb kev loj hlob thiab kho cov paj hlwb, yog li txhim kho kev sib txuas thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm neural networks. Cov teebmeem no tuaj yeem pab txhim kho kev nco, kev kawm, thiab kev xav nrawm, thiab tseem tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm kev paub tsis meej thiab kab mob neurodegenerative.

Nyem paub cov tshuaj ntxiv los txhawb kev nco

Txawm li cas los xij, lwm qhov chaw suav nrog Momordica balsamina, Ecballium elaterium, Fevillea trilobata, thiab qee hom ntawm Trichosanthes genus, xws li T. kirilowii, T. anguina, T. bracteata, T. nervifolia [14,19,51].

Punicic acid, tseem hu ua octadecatrienoic acid los yog trichosanic acid (C18H30O2), muaj molecular hnyav ntawm 278.43 g / mol, ib tug melting point ntawm 44-45 ◦C, thiab ib tug octanol-waterpartition coefficient (X LogP) ntawm 6.4. Ntxiv mus, nws tau tshaj tawm tias punicic acid muaj amolar refractivity thiab polarizability tus nqi ntawm 89.64 m3 / moL thiab 35.91 Å3, feem [52].

PA nthuav tawm tus nqi pKa ntawm 4.99 (muaj zog acidic), vim nws tuaj yeem ua tus pub dawb ntawm ib qho hydrogen [53,54]. Nws yog conjugated linolenic acid isomer nrog cov qauv zoo sib xws rau -linolenic thiab linoleic acids [54] (Daim duab 3). Ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb piav qhia ntawmpunicic acid yog nws lub peev xwm los khawb hydroxyl, hlau chelation, thiab txo cov khoom [15].

Biosynthesis ntawm punicic acid pib nrog de novo synthesis ntawm fatty acids hauv cov nroj tsuag plastid, feem ntau palmitic (16:0), stearic (18:0), thiab oleic acids (18:1∆9cis) (Daim duab 4).Fatty acids yog conjugated ntawm phosphatidylcholine (PC) mus rau desaturations thiab conjugations nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm sn2 ntawm PC.

Oleic acid-PC (OA 18: 1∆9cis) yog ua tiav intolinoleic acid-PC (LA 18: 2∆9cis, 12cis), uas tig mus rau hauv Punicic Acid-PCby fatty acid desaturase (FAD) 2 thiab fatty acid desaturases. pawg X (FADXs), feem.

Cov roj ntsha hluavtaws tshiab tau hloov mus rau hauv acyl-Coenzyme A los ntawm kev ua ntawm Acyl-CoA synthetase los ua acyl pub rau hauv triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis hauv theendoplasmic reticulum (ER) ua ntej muab cia rau hauv cytoplasmic lipid droplets.

Cov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv PSO lossis punicic acid rau kev noj qab haus huv yog chemical instability thiab txwv dej solubility [55]. Txij li cov roj fatty acids xws li punicic acid yog cov khoom siv tsis zoo heev, lawv raug cuam tshuam rau kev degradation vim oxidation, lub teeb, lossis kev kho cua sov. Ib yam li ntawd, vim hais tias punicic acid tsis zoo nyob rau hauv dej thiab tsuas yog ib feem me me yuav maj mam nqus los ntawm lub cev, bioavailability ntawm cov molecule no tsawg heev thiab nthuav tawm cov metabolism sai rau conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), txwv tsis pub nws siv hauv kev lag luam lossis kev kho mob [56 ].

Txhawm rau kov yeej cov teeb meem no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshawb nrhiav cov tswv yim sib txawv xws li kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv ua ntej thiab kev tsim cov tshuab xa khoom tshwj xeeb los tiv thaiv cov tshuaj nquag.

Kev hloov kho ntawm cov qauv tshuaj muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv cov molecule cov chaw ua haujlwm los ntawm kev puas tsuaj lom thiab ua kom nws ruaj khov. Esterification ntawm punicic acid pom kev txhim kho ntawm 30% nyob rau hauv oxidative stability ntawm monodispersed punicic acid piv rau nws dawb daim ntawv. Ib yam li ntawd, qhov kev hloov kho tshuaj ntawm punicic acid tau txhim kho nws cov dej solubility thiab bioaccessibility [55].

Ntawm qhov tod tes, encapsulation yog cov txheej txheem siv feem ntau los tiv thaiv cov tshuaj los ntawm ib puag ncig thiab tshuaj lom neeg degradation. Hauv qhov kev nkag siab no, tshuaj tsuag-dryingmicroencapsulation ntawm pomegranate noob roj siv succinylated taro starch pom 61% encapsulation efficiency nrog kev txhim kho hauv oxidation stability thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm PSO hauv cov hnyuv [57].

Ib yam li ntawd, PSO nanoemulsions tau pom tias muaj kev ruaj ntseg zoo dua nyob rau hauv cov kev ntxhov siab xws li osmotic kev nyuaj siab thiab cov pH siab heev [58]. Mizrahi et al. [59] qhia tias nanoemulsions ntawm pomegranate noob oilexhibited muaj zog neuroprotective teebmeem los ntawm kev txo lipid oxidation thiab neuronal poob.

Cov kev siv thev naus laus zis tsis ntev los no tso cai rau kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem xa tawm tshiab, uas tsis yog tsuas yog tiv thaiv cov tshuaj xwb tab sis kuj tseem nthuav tawm cov txiaj ntsig zoo hauv lub hom phiaj, txhim kho bioavailability thiab lom ntawm qhov no los ntawm kev hloov kho ntawm thepharmacokinetics tsis [60,61].

Txhim kho lub cev thiab peroxidation stability ntawm PSOat sib txawv kub (4 ◦C thiab 25 ◦C) tau tiav los ntawm kev koom ua ke ntawm beeswaxand propolis wax thaum lub sij hawm fabrication ntawm PSO nanostructured lipid carriers.

Tom qab 40 hnub ntawm lub sij hawm cia, PSO nanostructured lipid nqa ntawm 4 ◦C pom peroxidation theem qis dua ntawm 25 ◦C. Ib yam li ntawd, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antioxidant ntawm cov tshuab no, ntsuas los ntawm DPPH dawb radical-scavenging kev ua, pom tias muaj kev ruaj khov nyob rau lub sijhawm khaws cia tsis hais txog qhov kub thiab txias [62].

Ntxiv mus, kev sib xyaw ntawm PSO nrog rau lwm cov tshuaj kho mob lossis cov tshuaj nutraceuticals tau pom los txhim kho cov tshuaj pharmacokineticparameters thiab biodistribution profile ntawm tom kawg [63,64].

Cov txiaj ntsig lom neeg ntawm PSOand punicic acid kuj nyiam cov khoom noj khoom haus kev lag luam kev txaus siab rau kev tsim thiab muab cov neeg siv khoom noj qab haus huv los ntawm kev txhawb nqa ntawm polyunsaturated acids ntawm cov khoom noj sib txawv matrices [65-68]. khoom noj khoom haus zoo lossis txawm rau kev txhim kho cov khoom noj khoom haus uas ua rau muaj kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tib neeg [69].3.1.

Punicic Acid MetabolismLipids muaj ntau nyob rau hauv lub hlwb, thiab lawv ua ntau yam kev ua haujlwm xws li neurogenesis, teeb liab kis, neural kev sib txuas lus, membrane compartmentalization, synaptic kis tau tus mob, thiab kev tswj ntawm noob qhia [70].

Punicicacid (PuA) yog metabolized rau hauv circulating conjugated linoleic acid CLA los ntawm saturationreaction [71–74].CLA feem ntau ua tiav hauv daim siab rau hauv nruab nrab lipids thiab phospholipids, feem. CLA isomers c9,t11, thiab t10,c12 yog metabolized los ntawm desaturation thiab elongationreactions thaum tuav lawv cov qauv conjugated diene [75].

Ob qho isomers tau ua tiav txawv; t10,c12 CLA tau yooj yim beta oxidized rau Conjugated Diane (CD) 16:2 thiab delta 6 desaturated rau CD 18:3, thaum c9,t11 CLA zoo li metabolized rau hauv CD 20:3 (Daim duab 5). CD 18: 3, 20: 3, thiab 20: 4 feem ntau yog muab tso rau hauv phospholipids CLA. Tib lub sijhawm, CD 18: 3 thiab CD 20: 3 raug faib rau hauv nruab nrab lipids [76].

Hauv tib neeg, nws tau pom tias punicic acid hloov mus rau hauv c9,t11 thiab muab tso rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg xws li plasma, thiab cov qe ntshav liab, thiab yog ib feem ntawm beta-oxidation hauv peroxisomes los tsim CD 16: 2 [72,75]. Hauv nas, CLA raug ntsuas feem ntau hauv daim siab, lub raum, adiposetissue, cov ntaub so ntswg mammary, plasma, lub plawv, thiab lub hlwb, tsuas yog ib qho me me ntawm punicic acid nyob hauv daim siab thiab lub plawv [71,76].

Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb ntsuas qhov concentration ntawm CLAin tib neeg plasma tom qab noj txhua hnub ntawm 0.8 g, 1.6 g, lossis 3.2 g ntawm c9, t11 CLA hauv tshuaj ntsiav thiab pom tias cov metabolites CD 18: 3 thiab 16: 2 tau muab tso ua ke tam sim. linearly, thaum 20:3 mus txog toj siab ntawm 1.6 g / d [75].

Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb hauv nas pom tau tias tom qab 40 hnub ntawm kev nplua nuj nyob rau hauv punicic acid supplementation nrog PSO nplua nuj nyob rau hauv punicic acid ntawm concentrations ntawm 1%, 2%, thiab 4% CLA tau pom inserum, siab, plawv, thiab lub raum, raws li, thiab ib co kab ntawm cov kab mob. PuA tau pom hauv lub siab thiab lub siab. Hauv lub hlwb, PSO noj tau pom tias txo qis thiobarbituric acidreactive tshuaj (TBARS), uas yog siv los txiav txim lipid peroxidation, tab sis tsis pom PuA lossis CLA hauv cov ntaub so ntswg [71]. Txawm li cas los xij, lwm cov kev tshawb fawb tau lees paub qhov muaj thiab cov metabolism hauv CLA hauv lub hlwb ntawm cov nas thiab tib neeg [76-78].

CLAmetabolites tuaj yeem ncav cuag lub hlwb los ntawm kev koom ua ke rau hauv qis-densitylipoprotein (VLDL) [76], tsim los ntawm cov hnyuv thiab daim siab, thiab raug nqus mus rau hauv lub hlwb los ntawm qhov tsawg-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) [79] .

Txawm li cas los xij, nws kuj tseem yuav ua rau cov lipoprotein tsawg (LDL) thiab qis lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), nrog rau cov roj fatty acid translocase (FAT / CD36), koom nrog hauv kev thauj mus los ntawm CLA los ntawm cov hlab ntsha hlwb (BBB). ), raws li nws yog cov ntaub ntawv nrog feem ntau PUFAs [80,81] .Astrocytes thiab endothelial hlwb, ob lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm BBB, yog cov tseem ceeb rau kev thauj mus los ntawm PUFAs los ntawm kev mus rau lub hlwb [82].

Astrocytes koom nrog hauv kev sib txuas ntawm eicosanoids [76] thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv CLAmetabolism [79]. CLA isomers c9,t11, thiab t10,c12 tau koom ua ke zoo thiab metabolized hauv nas hlwb thiab tib neeg astrocyte cell kab lis kev cai.

Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias beta-oxidation ntawm CLA muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv lub hlwb dua li lwm cov ntaub so ntswg, CLA concentrations hauv lub hlwb tsawg. Yog li ntawd, nws ntseeg tau tias kev koom ua ke ntawm CLAs yog cov ntaub so ntswg tshwj xeeb [76].

LowCLA concentrations hauv lub hlwb tuaj yeem yog qhov kev nyiam ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg hlwb rau lwm cov fatty acids, tiv thaiv kev xaiv ntawm fatty acids nrog trans ob daim ntawv cog lus, los yog muaj cov ntshav-hlwb barrier, tsis zoo incorporation ntawm phospholipids, thiab tsis muaj mov. , kev koom ua ke ntawm CLA hauv lub hlwb yog qis dua hauv lwm cov ntaub so ntswg [71,76].

For more information:1950477648nn@gmail.com