3.5. Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm PGE
3.5.1. Kev tshuaj xyuas HPLC.Nees nkaum tus qauv PGE chromatograms nrog cov khoom tswj tau zoo, tau txais los ntawm HPLC tsom xam, tau qhia hauv daim duab 7A. Kaum cuaj PGE ncov tau txheeb xyuas los ntawm HPLC ntiv tes. Yim lub ncov ntawm PGE, suav nrog arbutin (no. 1), syringin (no. 3), chlorogenic acid (no. 4), glycoside E (no. 6), platycodin D3 (no. 8), baicalin (no. 12) , platycodin D (no.14), thiab luteolin (no. 18), raug txheeb xyuas los ntawm kev sib piv nrog cov qauv siv sib raug (Fig. 7). Cov ntsiab lus txheeb ze ntawm tus kheej cov khoom hauv yim lub ncov ntawm PGE tau nthuav tawm hauv Table 4.
Raws li kev tshawb fawb cuam tshuam,cistancheyog ib hom tshuaj ntsuab uas hu ua "cov tshuaj ntsuab miracle uas ua rau lub neej ntev". Nws lub ntsiab tivthaiv yogcistanoside, uas muaj ntau yam teebmeem xws liantioxidant, anti-inflammatory, thiab kev tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm nce qib. Lub mechanism ntawm cistanche thiabtawv nqaij dawbnyob rau hauv cov nyhuv antioxidant ntawmcistanche glycosides. Melanin nyob rau hauv tib neeg daim tawv nqaij yog tsim los ntawm oxidation ntawm tyrosine catalyzed los ntawmtyrosinase, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidation yuav tsum muaj kev koom tes ntawm cov pa, yog li cov pa oxygen dawb radicals hauv lub cev dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau kev tsim melanin. Cistanche muaj cistanoside, uas yog ib qho antioxidant thiab tuaj yeem txo qhov tsim ntawm cov dawb radicals hauv lub cev, yog liinhibiting melanin ntau lawm.
Yog xav paub ntxiv:
david.deng@wecistanche.com WhatApp:86 13632399501
3.5.2. Kev txheeb xyuas HPLC-MS.Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm PGE tau txheeb xyuas los ntawm HPLC-MS (Fig. 8). Cov molecular ion peaks [M - H] - thiab [M ntxiv rau H] ntxiv rau ntawm txhua chromatographic ncov nyob rau hauv hom zoo- thiab tsis zoo-ion tau kuaj pom los ntawm ultrahigh-performance kua chromatography ua ke nrog electrospray ionization-quadrupole lub sij hawm-ntawm-flight- huab hwm coj spectrometry, thiab qhov ua tau molecular hnyav tau txiav txim los ntawm lub ncov molecular ion. Cov khoom sib txawv tau txiav txim siab raws li lawv qhov tshwj xeeb molecular ions thiab tawg ions thiab lawv lub sijhawm khaws chromatographic ncov. Ntxiv mus, 45 cov tebchaw hauv PGE tau txheeb pom ua ntej (saib Daim duab 5), feem ntau suav nrog chlorogenic acid, arbutin, baicalin, platycodin D3, platycodin D, thiab glycoside E, nrog lub sijhawm siab tshaj ntawm 0.91, 1.68, 8.39, 14.39, 16.79, thiab 23.75 min.
4. Kev sib tham
Reactive oxygen hom yog ib qho ua rau muaj teeb meem ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab tuaj yeem ua rau cov pigmentation tsis tu ncua, cov ntaub so ntswg degeneration, inflammatory tshwm sim, thiab, nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav, kev hloov. kev nthuav qhia, ua rau muaj kev nce hauv melanin tiam.3{{10}} Kev nce ntawm cov dawb radicals hauv daim tawv nqaij yog ib qho tseem ceeb ua rau tawv nqaij laus; Qhov kev nce no tsis tsuas yog ua rau lub cev puas tsuaj xwb tab sis kuj tuaj yeem ua rau tso tawm qee cov hydrolytic enzymes los ntawm cov hlwb, tsim cov tawv nqaij collagen fibers, crosslinking ntawm elastic fibers, brittleness, degeneration, elasticity poob, thickening ntawm daim tawv nqaij cutin txheej, daim tawv nqaij roughness, so, thiab wrinkle formation.31 Yog li ntawd, tej yam ntuj tso antioxidant tshuaj muaj nyob rau hauv tsoos suav tshuaj muaj peev xwm ntes thiab neutralize oxygen dawb radicals, yog li tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj los ntawm oxygen dawb radicals rau tib neeg lub cev; ncua kev laus ntawm daim tawv nqaij; tswj cov tawv nqaij elasticity thiab smoothness; txhim kho daim tawv nqaij mob thiab tawv nqaij; thiab txhawb kom tawv nqaij dawb.32 Txoj kev tshawb no ua pov thawj tias thaum PGE concentration yog 6.25 mg mL―1, qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm DPPH dawb radicals yog 98.03 ± 0.60 feem pua, thiab cov kev ua ntawm ascorbic acid yuav luag tib yam; Ntxiv mus, ABTS radical pom muaj zog scavenging kev ua si (84.30 ± 0.53 feem pua), uas yog siab dua li ntawm platycodin D tswj pawg. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias PGE muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antioxidant muaj zog, tuaj yeem txo qhov tsim ntawm oxygen dawb radicals thiab oxidation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, ua rau cov tyrosinase tsis muaj zog, txo melanin tiam, ncua kev laus ntawm daim tawv nqaij, thiab whiten thiab tiv thaiv daim tawv nqaij.
Cov lus teb inflammatory yog cov txheej txheem lom neeg kho mob los ntawm cov txheej txheem cellular teeb liab, thiab nws yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv mechanism tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj (cov kab mob, irritants, thiab cell mediators). Cov lus teb inflammatory ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau cov ntshav ncig tsis zoo, ua npaws, parenchymal cell degeneration, necrosis, thiab lub cev tsis ua haujlwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib tug neeg cov khoom nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj pleev ib ce yuav txhawb lub inflammatory teb ntawm rhiab tawv nqaij; Yog li ntawd, ib qho kev tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj pleev ib ce los tawm tsam cov lus teb inflammatory.33 Cov neeg kho mob tseem ceeb ntawm kev mob xws li TSIS TAU, TNF-a, thiab IL-6. Kev soj ntsuam lub peev xwm ntawm cov qauv los txo NO, TNF-a, thiab IL-6 ntau lawm hauv RAW264.7 macrophage yog ib txoj hauv kev sim tseem ceeb los ntsuas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.34 Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias PGE tuaj yeem txo qhov Tsis muaj theem nyob rau hauv cov hlwb thaum ntxov nyob rau hauv ib koob tshuaj raws li kev cai thiab down-regulate TNF-a, IL-6, thiab lwm yam pro-inflammatory yam ntawm RAW264.7 macrophage stimulated los ntawm LPS. Qhov kev sim no ua pov thawj tias PGE muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo los tiv thaiv kab mob, uas tuaj yeem txo qhov kev puas tsuaj los ntawm o, ncua kev laus ntawm daim tawv nqaij, ua kom tawv nqaij elastic thiab du, thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev sib koom tes dawb.
Cov pigmentation ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim melanin, thiab tyrosinase yog cov enzyme tseem ceeb rau catalyze melanin biosynthesis.35 Raws li kev ua ntawm tyrosinase, tyrosine hauv melanocytes yog oxidized rau dopa, dopa quinone, dopa pigment, 5, 6-dihydroxy indole, indole-5, thiab 6-quinone, thiab thaum kawg hloov mus rau hauv melanin.15 Yog li ntawd, thaum cov kev ua ntawm tyrosinase raug txwv, melanin ntau lawm kuj txwv, yog li ua rau daim tawv nqaij dawb los yog txo hyperpigmentation.36 Hauv txoj kev tshawb no, lub melanin tiam inhibition muaj peev xwm ntawm PGE yog thawj zaug kawm los txiav txim seb lub PGE yuav ncaj qha mus inhibit lub tyrosinase kev ua nyob rau hauv ib tug cell-free assay system siv nceb tyrosinase raws li enzyme qhov chaw.37 Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias PGE muaj qhov muaj zog inhibitory. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm tyrosinase, thiab tyrosinase inhibitory kev ua haujlwm ntawm PGE nce ntxiv nrog kev nce hauv PGE concentration. Tus nqi inhibitory (97.71 ± 1.886 feem pua) yog siab dua li ntawm pawg tswj hwm zoo (arbutin thiab platycodin D) nyob rau hauv tib qhov concentration thaum lub extract concentration yog 3 mg mL―1. Tom ntej no, peb tau soj ntsuam seb PGE puas tuaj yeem ua rau cov tawv nqaij dawb los ntawm inhibiting tyrosinase kev ua thiab melanin ntau lawm hauv B16F10 melanoma hlwb. Peb siv a-MSH (a-MSH khi MC1R thiab ua kom muaj cov cim qhia protein adenylate cyclase kom tsim cov cyclic adenylate thiab txhawb tyrosinase qhia) kom induce B16F10 hlwb kom qhib intracellular tyrosinase kev ua si thiab tsim ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm melanin. Tom qab ntawd arbutin thiab platycodin D tau siv los ua kev tswj xyuas zoo los ntsuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm PGE ntawm intracellular tyrosinase thiab cellular melanin tiam. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias nrog kev nce hauv PGE concentration, inhibitory kev ua ub no ntawm tyrosinase thiab melanin ntau lawm ntawm B16F10 hlwb tau nce ntau ntxiv nyob rau hauv koob tshuaj. Nrog rau kev nce hauv lub sijhawm tswj hwm, cov haujlwm inhibitory ntawm PGE ntawm B16F10 hlwb tyrosinase thiab melanin ntau zuj zus. Ntxiv mus, PGE tau pom qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws hauv cov cellular tyrosinase inhibitory kev ua si (inhibition tus nqi: 106.33 ± 3.145 feem pua) thiab melanin tiam inhibitory kev ua (inhibition tus nqi: 59.80 ± 1.095 feem pua) tom qab 48 teev ntawm kev tswj hwm. Thaum lub sij hawm tswj hwm yog 72 h, qhov kev ua haujlwm qis dua qhov qis dua 48 h, qhia tias lub sijhawm tswj hwm PGE zoo tshaj yog 48 teev. Kev ua haujlwm inhibitory ntawm intracellular tyrosinase ntawm PGE tau nce siab dua li cov arbutin thiab platycodin D tswj pawg, ua kom pom cov tawv nqaij zoo nkauj ntawm PGE.
Cov txiaj ntsig kev sim tau pom tias qhov kev rho tawm ntawm PGE hauv Platycodon grandiflorum yog 8.9 feem pua, thiab cov morphology yog tus cwj pwm zoo li cov kua mis amorphous hmoov nrog zoo solubility. Peb pab pawg tshawb fawb tau npaj cov tshuaj pleev xim dawb nrog PGE ua cov khoom xyaw nquag, uas cov ntsiab lus ntawm PGE yog 2 feem pua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, peb tau ua ib qho kev sim ua ntej tib neeg los kawm txog cov nyhuv ntawm cov tshuaj pleev kom dawb. 1–2 mL whitening cream (muaj 0.02–{10}}.04 g PGE, muaj 0.22–0.45 g Platycodon grandiflorum) tau siv rau hauv pliaj txhua. hnub. Peb siv PRIMOS system, Lab colorimetric system, thiab spectrophotometer® CM-2500d (Konica Minolta, Inc., Osaka, Nyiv) los tshuaj xyuas cov xim ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub forearm ntawm cov kev kawm. Cov txiaj ntsig ua ntej kev sim pom tau hais tias cov tshuaj pleev xim dawb uas muaj 2 feem pua PGE muaj cov nyhuv ua kom zoo nkauj thiab tsis muaj tawv nqaij.
Hauv qhov kev sim no, 19 qhov siab tshaj plaws tau txiav txim siab los ntawm HPLC ua ke nrog kev soj ntsuam zoo sib xws. Los ntawm kev sib piv cov sij hawm khaws cia ntawm chromatographic kab kos ntawm cov qauv sib xyaw, yim chromatographic peaks tau txheeb xyuas thiab txheeb xyuas qhov ntau. HPLC ua ke nrog huab hwm coj spectrometry tau siv los txheeb xyuas thiab txheeb xyuas cov tshuaj lom neeg tshwj xeeb hauv PGE thiab 45 cov tebchaw hauv PGE raug txheeb xyuas. Los ntawm kev sib piv cov txiaj ntsig nrog cov txiaj ntsig kev sim ntawm HPLC, peb tau txheeb xyuas ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg, uas muaj ntau qib ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob antioxidant, tiv thaiv kab mob, tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav, enzyme inhibition, thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov tshuaj lom neeg feem ntau suav nrog arbutin, syringin, chlorogenic acid, glycoside E, platycodin D3, baicalin, platycodin D, thiab luteolin. Tsis tas li ntawd, arbutin tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm ntawm superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme hauv cov ntaub so ntswg hauv zos, txo tyrosine thiab MDA cov ntsiab lus, thiab ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov kab mob chloasma cov nas. Raws li cov khoom ua kom dawb huv tshiab, arbutin tau txais kev pom zoo los ntawm cov tuam txhab tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab cov neeg siv khoom.38–40 Syringin muaj lub peev xwm antioxidant muaj zog thiab qhia tau hais tias muaj peev xwm siv tau zoo hauv DPPH thiab DMPD kev ua haujlwm dawb radical inhibitory, ferric ion-txo antioxidant zog (FRAP), thiab hlau chelating muaj peev xwm.41 Chlorogenic acid, lub ntsiab active tivthaiv ntawm Onosma, muaj zog antioxidant thiab inhibitory kev ua ub no tiv thaiv tyrosinase thiab a-amylase.42 Platycodin D muaj zog tyrosinase inhibitory kev ua si thiab yuav siv tau raws li ib tug whitening. thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm daim tawv nqaij; Yog li, nws tsim nyog tsim thiab siv.43 Baicalin yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kev npaj ntawm whitening cream thiab tshuaj pleev thaiv hnub vim nws inhibitory cuam tshuam rau melanin ntau lawm thiab antibacterial kev ua si.44-46 Luteolin rho tawm los ntawm Rose muaj zog antioxidant kev ua si thiab tyrosinase inhibition thiab antibacterial. Cov teebmeem, ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li cov khoom siv ntuj tsim rau kev tu tawv nqaij.47 Peb pab pawg tshawb fawb cais PGE ntawm kev npaj HPLC thiab kem chromatographic fractionation kom tau 14 lub tebchaw. Cov qauv ntawm tag nrho cov tebchaw tau elucidated los ntawm txoj kev spectroscopic. Cov tebchaw yog saponins: platycodin D, platycodin D3, thiab glycoside E; glycosides: arbutin thiab syringin; acids: chlorogenic acid, thiab nicotinic acid; flavonoids: baicalin, luteolin, daidzein, quercetin, thiab diosmetin; amides: erucamide thiab docosanamide. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sim tyrosinase tau pom tias saponins thiab glycosides muaj zog tyrosinase inhibitory kev ua ub no, ntawm cov arbutin (inhibition tus nqi: 96.54 ± 1.585 feem pua) thiab platycodin D (inhibition tus nqi: 80.96 ± 1.978 feem pua hnyav). Cov kua qaub thiab flavonoids muaj qhov thib ob muaj zog tyrosinase inhibitory kev ua haujlwm, ntawm cov chlorogenic acid (inhibition tus nqi: 75.64 ± 0.978 feem pua) thiab luteolin (inhibition tus nqi: 70.91 ± 2.054 feem pua) muaj cov haujlwm muaj zog tshaj plaws. Amides tsis muaj tyrosinase inhibitory kev ua haujlwm. Piv nrog rau cov tebchaw saum toj no, PGE muaj qhov muaj zog tyrosinase inhibitory kev ua haujlwm (inhibition tus nqi: 97.82 ± 2.058 feem pua). Yog li ntawd, daim tawv nqaij ntxuav hniav dawb ntawm PGE suav nrog ntau cov khoom siv thiab ntau lub hom phiaj ntawm cov tshuaj suav tshuaj, thiab kev ua kom zoo nkauj ntawm PGE yuav tsum yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ntau yam khoom.
5. Cov lus xaus
Cov tshuaj antioxidant zoo thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev ua kom cov pa dawb radicals ntawm tyrosinase thiab txo melanin ntau lawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tuaj yeem txo qhov kev puas tsuaj los ntawm oxidation thiab o ntawm daim tawv nqaij, ncua kev laus ntawm daim tawv nqaij, ua kom tawv nqaij elastic thiab du, thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev ua kom tawv nqaij dawb. Qhov zoo inhibition ntawm tyrosinase thiab melanin ntau lawm tuaj yeem txo melanin ntau lawm thiab pigmentation ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab ua rau tawv nqaij dawb. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no, cov txheej txheem kev ua kom dawb huv thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj pharmacodynamic ntawm PGE tau txiav txim siab los ntawm molecular biology thiab cell biology. Tsis tas li ntawd, PGE tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov haujlwm tyrosinase, txo cov melanin ntau dhau ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab txo cov tawv nqaij puas tsuaj los ntawm oxidation thiab o; Ntxiv mus, whitening active extract tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm ntawm tyrosinase thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm B16F10 hlwb yam tsis muaj teebmeem tshuaj lom. Muab cov txiaj ntsig tau, PGE muaj peev xwm siv dav rau kev tsim cov tshuaj pleev ib ce tawv nqaij. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv, cov tshuaj pleev ib ce npaj los ntawm Platycodon grandiflorum thiab nws cov extract muaj cov nyhuv whitening zoo rau tib neeg lub cev. Yog li ntawd, raws li ib tug whitening active tshuaj muab rho tawm los ntawm tej yam ntuj tso tshuaj ntsuab suav tshuaj, PGE yuav siv tau raws li raw cov ntaub ntawv rau whitening thiab kev tu tawv nqaij.
Sau cov nyiaj pab
MMY thiab GZ L xeeb thiab tsim cov kev sim. X. TM, RRZ, thiab M. W ua qhov kev sim. XTM, Z. HY, thiab FQ X tau txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv. XTM thiab S. S sau ntawv. Txhua tus kws sau ntawv tau nyeem thiab pom zoo rau qhov kawg ntawm cov ntawv sau.
Kev tsis sib haum xeeb
Tsis muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb los tshaj tawm.
Kev lees paub
Txoj kev tshawb fawb no tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm cov nyiaj pab los ntawm National Key Research thiab Development Program: Kev tshawb fawb txog cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb ntawm Ginseng Kev Lag Luam thiab Kev Txhim Kho Cov Khoom Noj Qab Haus Huv Loj (2017YFC1702100); Txoj Haujlwm Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb Technology ntawm Jilin Xeev (20180623041TC); thiab Changchun Science thiab Technology Bureau Project: Cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb thiab cov khoom tsim kho ntawm cov tshuaj suav tshuaj noj qab haus huv raws li Jingfang thiab Yanfang (17YJ007).
Cov ntawv sau thiab cov ntaub ntawv siv
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