Part 1: Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb Ntawm Cov Tshuaj Hauv Suav Teb Rau Kev Tiv Thaiv oxidation Thiab Anti-aging

Yog xav paub ntxiv. tiv taujtina.xiang@wecistanche.com
Txoj kev xav dawb radical ntawm kev laus yog thawj zaug los ntawm British Harman hauv 1956 thiab maj mam tsim mus rau hauvdawb radical-oxidative kev nyuaj siabkev xav. Qhov kev tshawb xav no tuav tau tias cov dawb radicals tsim nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm lub neej kev ua ub no ua rau oxidative kev puas tsuaj rau biological macromolecules, organelles, hlwb, thiab lwm yam, ua rau cov ntaub so ntswg puas thiab lub cev ua hauj lwm poob, thiab inducing thiab accelerating lub laus ntawm lub cev. Nyob rau hauv cov kab mob pathological los yog nrog lub hnub nyoog nce, ntau yam sab hauv thiab sab nraud ua rau cov khoom loj thiab ntau dhau ntawm cov dawb radicals, uas dhau ntawm lub cev muaj peev xwm antioxidant, ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab oxidative. Cov dawb radicals ntau dhau ua rau cov nucleus thiab mitochondrial DNA, biomembrane lipid peroxidation, protein cross-linking denaturation thiab lwm txoj hauv kev ua rau cov cell puas, oxidative puas tsuaj maj mam accumulates, thiab thaum kawg ua rau tshwm sim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm ntau yam kab mob senile.Antioxidants(AOA) yog ib chav kawm ntawm cov tebchaw uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam lossis thaiv cov txheej txheem dawb radical saw cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, txo cov concentration ntawm cov dawb radicals, thiab ncua kev laus. Kev sim tshawb fawb thiab kev soj ntsuam daim ntawv thov kev tiv thaiv kev laus cov tshuaj suav tshuaj hauv kev tshem tawm cov dawb radicals thiab tiv thaiv oxidative puas tsuaj tau ua tiav zoo, uas tau sau tseg raws li hauv qab no.

nyem mus kawm herba cistanches cov txiaj ntsig

1 Antioxidant Suav tshuaj cov khoom xyaw

1.1 Flavonoids

Flavonoidsyog ib lub ntsiab lus dav dav rau ib chav kawm ntawm cov khoom sib txuas ua ke ntawm ob lub nplhaib benzene los ntawm cov saw hlau peb-carbon. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias flavonoids tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov pa oxygen dawb radicals ncaj qha thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus oxidation ntawm cov roj hauv vitro. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov enzymes antioxidant hauv lub cev thiab txo cov cim ntawm peroxides. Hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antioxidant, flavonoids tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog tshem tawm cov dawb radicals nyob rau theem pib ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, tab sis kuj ncaj qha ntes cov dawb radicals hauv cov dawb radical cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thaiv cov dawb radical saw cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm pawg phenolic hydroxyl, thiab ua si. ib tug bilayer nyhuv. Flavonoids hnov ​​​​mob nrog phenolic hydroxyl pawg los tsim kom muaj kev ruaj khov semi-quinone dawb radicals, yog li txiav tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv dawb radical saw, uas yog lub ntsiab mechanism rau flavonoids kom tshem tawm cov dawb radicals [1].Herba epimedium sagittatum flavonoidstuaj yeem kho qhov loj hlob ntawm lymphocytes thiab B lymphocytes hauv D-galactose (D-gal) cov qauv nas laus. Ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm ntawm tag nrho superoxide dismutase (SOD) hauv daim siab thiab txo qhov tsim ntawm lipid peroxide (LPO) hauv plawv, siab, thiab lwm yam ntaub so ntswg. Pueraria flavonoids tuaj yeem txo cov ntshav qab zib malondialdehyde (MDA) qib hauv cov nas laus, thiab tib lub sijhawm nce SOD thiab glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) kev ua haujlwm qib (3). Kev ua haujlwm ntawm SOD hauv cov ntshav ntawm cov nas laus txo qis MDA thiab NO. 4. Feem ntau cov nroj tsuag suav tshuaj muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm flavonoids, uas muaj cov teebmeem antioxidant thiab tuaj yeem ncua kev laus.

1.2 Phenolic acid tebchaw

Phenolic acid tebchaw xa mus rau ib chav kawm ntawm cov tebchaw nrog ob peb phenolic hydroxyl pawg ntawm tib lub nplhaib benzene. Qee cov phenolic tebchaw thiab lawv cov derivatives muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo dawb radical scavenging. Xws li tshuaj yej polyphenols thiab txiv roj roj muaj cov nyhuv antioxidant zoo. Lub ferulic acid nyob rau hauv Angelica thiab Chuanxiong tuaj yeem inhibit qhov tsim ntawm oxygen dawb radicals, thiab muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm koob tshuaj; Schisandra Chinensis muaj lignans, uas yog tib yam phenols li ferulic acid, thiab muaj cov haujlwm tseem ceeb antioxidant. Salvianolate tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntshav SOD, txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm MDA, thiab txhim kho cov tsos mob thiab electrocardiographic manifestations ntawm cov neeg mob uas tsis ruaj tsis khov angina pectoris. Paeonol tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov superoxide anions (O, ) thiab hydroxyl radicals (OH) thiab txhim kho lub peev xwm antioxidant.

1.3 Nroj tsuag polysaccharides

Cov tshuaj suav tshuaj suav tshuaj polysaccharides muaj ntau yam tshuaj siv xws li kev tiv thaiv kab mob,anti-inflammatory, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, tshuaj tiv thaiv qog, anti-aging, thiab lwm yam, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidation yog lub hauv paus ntawm cov tshuaj pharmacological saum toj no. Tam sim no, nws tau pom tias muaj ntau dua 100 hom polysaccharides hauv cov tshuaj suav tshuaj, xws li Lycium barbarum polysaccharide, Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide, qej polysaccharide, astragalus polysaccharide, lentinan, cordyceps polysaccharide, char ginkgo polysaccharide tsis muaj antioxidants. teebmeem. Ib qho ntawm cov lus qhia tseem ceeb [7]. Piv txwv li, astragalus polysaccharide tuaj yeem txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm MDA nyob rau hauv cov ntshav thiab daim siab cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm D-gal-induced aging nas, nce cov kev ua ntawm SOD, thiab txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm lipofuscin nyob rau hauv lub hlwb cov ntaub so ntswg. Tsis tas li ntawd, astragalus polysaccharides ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv ntawm GSH-Px kev ua haujlwm hauv lub raum cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm D-gal-induced aging nas, qhia tias astragalus polysaccharides tuaj yeem tshem tawm OH thiab hydrogen peroxide (HO ). Nansha ginseng polysaccharide tuaj yeem txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm daim siab thiab cerebral lipofuscin hauv cov nas muaj hnub nyoog, cuam tshuam rau MDA hauv cov ntshav ntawm cov nas hnub nyoog, nce cov kev ua ntawm erythrocyte SOD thiab tag nrho cov ntshav GSH-Px hauv cov nas muaj hnub nyoog, thiab nce qib ntawm testosterone. nyob rau hauv cov ntshav ntawm cov nas laus. Qhov nce hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm Drosophila kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua kom ntev lub neej nruab nrab thiab siab tshaj plaws ntawm Drosophila, thiab txhim kho nws txoj kev sib deev. Nce mating zaus. Cov kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no ntawm Rehmannia polysaccharide, polysaccharide los ntawm Polygonum multiflorum, Schisandra polysaccharide, jujube polysaccharide, aloe vera polysaccharide, thiab asparagus cag polysaccharide tau pom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo antioxidant.

1.4 Saponins

Saponins yog tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj steroids lossis triterpenoids txuas rau pawg suab thaj. Cov molecules muaj ntau pawg hydroxyl thiab muaj ntau dua polarity. Antioxidant saponins muaj xws li Araliaceae saponins (ginseng, American ginseng, Codonopsis, Bamboo ginseng, Panax notoginseng, Acanthopanax senticosus, Shorthaired Wujia), legumes (astragalus, soybean, licorice), Gynostemma, Huai yam, liab, tag nrho cov saponins. Dengzhanhua, dawb peony, Bupleurum, iab gourd, Polygonum cuspidatum, thiab lwm yam kuj muaj zog scavenging dawb radicals, anti-oxidation, thiab tiv thaiv kab mob plawv thiab cerebrovascular. Saponins muaj kev cuam tshuam me ntsis ntawm cov pa dawb radicals lawv tus kheej, tab sis feem ntau ntawm lawv tuaj yeem txhim kho cov haujlwm ntawm cov enzymes antioxidant xws li SOD thiab catalase (CAT) hauv lub cev, yog li txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev antioxidant. Piv txwv li, ginsenosides tuaj yeem nce kev ua haujlwm ntawm SOD thiab CAT, tshem tawm cov dawb radicals hauv lub cev, tiv thaiv cov kab mob lom los ntawm kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cov dawb radicals, yog li txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm LPO thiab MDA, thiab tuaj yeem txo qhov tso tawm ntawm lipofuscin hauv lub hlwb. thiab myocardium kom ua tiav cov teebmeem oxidative. Hauv cov nyhuv ntawm kev laus, ginsenosides Rb1 thiab Rg1 muaj cov nyhuv zoo tshaj plaws. Panax notoginseng xab npum taub hau (PNS) thiab notoginseng glycol glycosides (PDS) tuaj yeem ua rau lub neej nruab nrab ntawm Drosophila, txhim kho lub peev xwm ya, txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm lipofuscin, thiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm SOD hauv cov ntshav thiab lub hlwb. Txo MDA ntau lawm hauv plawv, siab, thiab hlwb nqaij.

1.5 Cov vitamins

Muaj ntau cov vitamins muaj cov teebmeem antioxidant, xws li beta-carotene, vitamins A, C, E, thiab lwm yam. B-carotene yog precursor ntawm vitamin A thiab muaj cov antioxidant zoo. Nws tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov dawb radicals los ntawm kev muab cov hluav taws xob los tiv thaiv kev tsim cov pa oxygen reactive. Nws tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov pa oxygen thiab txo cov photosensitivity. Nws tseem yog singlet oxygen. quencher. Vitamin C (Vit C) yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov dej-soluble dawb radical scavenger uas tuaj yeem tshem tawm hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anions thiab singlet oxygen. Vitamin E (Vit E) suav nrog 8 isomers, tag nrho cov uas muaj lub cev ua haujlwm ntawm Vit E. Ib qho tocopherol yog ib qho uas muaj lub cev muaj zog tshaj plaws. VitE yog oxidized rau quinone los ntawm cov dawb radical nruab nrab, uas hloov cov peroxidative dawb radical (ROO·) mus rau hauv cov tshuaj tsis muaj zog ROOH, uas cuam tshuam cov saw cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm lipid peroxidation thiab zoo inhibits lipid peroxidation.

1.6 Cov ntsiab lus taug qab

Cov tshuaj suav tshuaj yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cov kab mob uas tsim nyog rau tib neeg lub cev thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo heev rau kev kho cov kab mob tsis txaus. Cov kab mob tuaj yeem siv los ua ib feem ntawm cov enzymes antioxidant los xyuas kom meej cov haujlwm ntawm cov enzymes. Piv txwv li, selenium yog ib feem ntawm CSH-Px, uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov kab mob ntawm cov dawb radicals. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm selenium nyob rau hauv lub cev yog zoo correlated nrog cov kev ua ntawm GSH-Px. Cov selenium-enriched Lycium barbarum tuaj yeem ntxiv dag zog rau cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev laus ntawm Lycium barbarum los ntawm ob qho kev ua kom cov ntsiab lus antioxidant thiab txhim kho cov haujlwm ntawm cov enzymes antioxidant. Cov tshuaj suav tshuaj xws li noob hnav, qej, Shayuanzi, astragalus, thiab Dilong yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv selenium, uas yog cov tshuaj zoo rau kev laus. Zinc yog ib qho tseem ceeb thiab ua kom muaj zog ntawm ntau cov enzymes thiab koom nrog hauv kev ua me nyuam, kev sib deev, thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov ntsiab lus zinc ntawm Polygonum multiflorum yog siab li 421 ug / g, uas yog kaum ob lub sij hawm siab dua li cov tshuaj suav tshuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau yam kab mob xws li hlau, manganese, tooj liab, thiab magnesium muaj feem xyuam rau lub peev xwm antioxidant. Kev noj cov tshuaj suav tshuaj uas tsim nyog thiab ntxiv qhov tsim nyog ntawm cov kab mob tuaj yeem txhim kho cov haujlwm ntawm cov enzymes antioxidant hauv lub cev, txo cov dawb radical puas, thiab ncua kev laus.