Optimization Of Cistanche-Lingwu Long Jujube Beverage Formulation Los ntawm Fuzzy Mathematical Sensory Evaluation Combined With Response Surface Method Thiab Nws Antioxidant Activity Analysis Ⅱ
Mar 14, 2024
2 Cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev txheeb xyuas
2.1 Cov txiaj ntsig kev sim ib leeg
2.1.1 Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov nyiaj ntxiv ntawm Cistanche deserticola kua txiv ntawm cov qhab nia ntawm cov dej haus sib xyaw
Thaum tus nqi ntxiv ntawm Lingwu Changzao kua txiv yog 40%, tus nqi ntxiv ntawm Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib xyaw dej haus cov qhab nia tau qhia hauv daim duab 2. Raws li cov kua txiv Cistanche deserticola ntxiv nce,
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov qhabnias ntawm cov dej haus sib xyaw ua ke pom qhov sib txawv ntawm thawj qhov nce thiab tom qab ntawd txo qis.
Thaum ib qho me me ntawm Cistanche deserticola kua txiv ntxiv, qhov saj tsis tseem ceeb, uas cuam tshuam rau tag nrho cov qhab nia ntawm cov dej haus sib xyaw. Txij li thaumCistanche deserticolamuaj ib tug me ntsis iab saj, thaum lub siab npaum li cas ntawmCistanche deserticolakua txiv ntxiv, qhov iab yog qhov tseem ceeb heev thiab saj yog disharmonious. Yog li ntawd, 15% tau raug xaiv los ua qhov zoo tshaj qhov ntxiv ntawm Cistanche deserticola kua txiv rau kev sim ua kom zoo ntxiv. Thaum ntxiv cov kua txiv cistanche deserticola yog 15%, qhov ntxiv ntawm xylitol yog 6%, thiab cov nyiaj ntxiv ntawm citric acid yog 0.12%, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm qhov hnov qab. Cov qhab nia ntawm cov dej haus sib xyaw tau qhia hauv daim duab 3. Raws li cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo Lingwu Changzao ntxiv tau nce ntxiv, cov qhab-nees ntawm cov dej haus sib xyaw pom tau tias qhov sib txawv ntawm thawj zaug nce sai thiab tom qab ntawd maj mam txo. Thaum cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntxiv yog siab, ib feem ntawm qhov tsw thiab saj ntawm cistanche deserticola kua txiv yog npog, yog li qhov kev xav tau qis dua. Thaum Lingwu Changzao Kua txiv tau ntxiv ntawm 40%, qhov kev xav tau zoo dua, yog li 40% ntawm Lingwu Changzao Kua txiv tau raug xaiv rau kev sim ua kom zoo ntxiv.
2.2.3 Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm xylitol ntxiv tus nqi ntawm qhov kev xav tau ntawm cov dej haus sib xyaw
Thaum qhov ntxiv ntawm Lingwu jujube kua txiv yog 40%, qhov ntxiv ntawm Cistanche deserticola kua txiv yog 15%, thiab ntxiv cov citric acid yog 0.12%, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm sib txawv xylitol ntxiv cov nqi ntawm qhov kev xav tau. ntawm cov dej haus sib xyaw yog qhia hauv daim duab 4. Thaum cov nyiaj xylitol ntxiv yog maj mam nce los ntawm 2% mus rau 6%, qhov qab zib ntawm cov dej haus sib xyaw maj mam hloov ntawm me ntsis qab zib mus rau nruab nrab qab zib thiab refreshing. Yog hais tias tus nqi ntawm xylitol tau nce ntxiv, cov dej sib xyaw ua ke maj mam dhau los ua qab zib heev. , cuam tshuam rau kev sib koom tes ntawm kev saj. Yog li, xylitol ntxiv npaum li cas ntawm 6% raug xaiv rau kev sim ua kom zoo ntxiv.
Thaum qhov ntxiv ntawm Lingwu jujube kua txiv yog 40%, qhov ntxiv ntawm Cistanche deserticola kua txiv yog 15%, thiab tus nqi ntxiv ntawm xylitol yog 6%, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov citric acid sib txawv ntawm cov qhab-nees sensory. ntawm cov dej haus sib xyaw tau pom hauv daim duab 5. Thaum cov nyiaj citric acid ntxiv maj mam nce los ntawm 0.04% mus rau 0.16%, saj ntawm cov dej haus sib xyaw maj mam hloov ntawm qab zib mus rau muag. Yog hais tias tus nqi ntawm citric acid ntxiv ntxiv ntxiv, cov piam thaj-acid piv ntawm cov dej haus sib xyaw yuav tsis sib haum, cuam tshuam rau saj. Yog li, citric acid ntxiv ntawm 0.16% raug xaiv rau kev sim ua kom zoo ntxiv.
YUAV UA LI CAS THIAJ LI TAU TXAIS KEV PAB CUAM
Cistanche yog ib hom tshuaj tonic zoo uas tuaj yeem ua tautxhawb nqa thiab tiv thaiv lub raum. Hauv cov tshuaj suav tshuaj suav tshuaj, Cistanche yog cov tshuaj ntsuab zoo tshaj plaws rau lub raum.Cistanche yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauvechinacoside cov tshuaj, acteoside, thiabflavonoids.Cov khoom xyaw zoo hauv Cistanche tuaj yeem txo lub raum cell apoptosis thiab ua rau lub raum cell proliferation.
2.3 Teb nto optimization xeem tau
Faib tus naj npawb ntawm cov pov npav rau txhua qhov muaj feem cuam tshuam ntawm txhua tus qauv los ntawm tag nrho cov neeg koom nrog kev ntsuam xyuas, 10, kom tau txais txhua qhov fuzzy matrix A1 ~ A29. Ua piv txwv No. , 2 tus neeg xaiv, 0 xaiv tsis zoo, ces A saj=(0.6, 0.2, 0.2, {{17} }), zoo sib xws, A xim=(0.5, 0.4, 0.1, 0), Cov ntaub so ntswg {{24 }} (0.5, 0.5, {{30}}, 0), A tsw=({36}} .6, 0.4, 0, 0), los ntawm cov matrix A1 tuaj yeem tau txais:
A1 =
0.6 0.2 0.2 0
0.5 0.4 0.1 0
0.5 0.5 0 0
0.6 0.4 0 0
Ib yam li ntawd, A1 ~ A29 tuaj yeem tau txais. Raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua lej fuzzy thiab qhov hnyav teeb R=(R1, R2, R3, R4)=(0.37, {{10}} .24, 0.16, 0.23), thiab raws li txoj kev sib npaug ntawm matrix, qhov kev ntsuam xyuas pom zoo ntawm txhua tus qauv (Y1)=R × A{{18 }}(0.56, 0.342, 0.098, 0), muab cov kev txheeb xyuas kev sib raug zoo sib xws los ntawm cov qhab nia ntawm txhua qib (zoo heev: 90, zoo : 70, nruab nrab: 50, pluag: 30), thiab tom qab ntawd ntxiv lawv kom tau txais txhua qhov Fuzzy sensory comprehensive qhab nia ntawm txhua tus qauv. Cov lus teb saum npoo kev sim tsim, fuzzy lej ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas, ntsuas kev ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas, thiab cov qhab nia ua tiav tau qhia hauv Table 4.
Fig.6 Teb nto ntawm cov nyhuv ntawm ob-factor interactionon sensory zoo
Ib yam li ntawd, A1 ~ A29 tuaj yeem tau txais. Raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua lej fuzzy thiab qhov hnyav teeb R=(R1, R2, R3, R4)=(0.37, {{10}} .24, 0.16, 0.23), thiab raws li txoj kev sib npaug ntawm matrix, qhov kev ntsuam xyuas pom zoo ntawm txhua tus qauv (Y1)=R × A{{18 }}(0.56, 0.342, 0.098, 0), muab cov kev txheeb xyuas kev sib raug zoo sib xws los ntawm cov qhab nia ntawm txhua qib (zoo heev: 90, zoo : 70, nruab nrab: 50, pluag: 30), thiab tom qab ntawd ntxiv lawv kom tau txais txhua qhov Fuzzy sensory comprehensive qhab nia ntawm txhua tus qauv. Cov lus teb saum npoo kev sim tsim, fuzzy lej ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas, ntsuas kev ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas, thiab cov qhab nia ua tiav tau qhia hauv Table 4.
Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm kev sim cov ntaub ntawv hauv Cov Lus 4 thiab 5 tias tus qauv tsim los siv cov lus teb saum npoo av muaj qhov tseem ceeb (P < 0.01) tsis muaj lub sij hawm haum, uas qhia tau hais tias qhov sib npaug regression haum rau kev sim. cov ntaub ntawv zoo thiab qhov sib npaug yog muaj. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm txhua yam ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas ntawm Cistanche deserticola thiab jujube kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim: citric acid ntxiv tus nqi> Cistanche deserticola kua txiv ntxiv npaum li cas> xylitol ntxiv tus nqi> ntev jujube kua txiv ntxiv nyiaj; ib zaug cov khoom A thiab D muaj
Cov qhabnias ntawm cov dej haus sib xyaw muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj heev. B thiab C muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau qhov kev xav tau ntawm cov dej haus sib xyaw. Cov khoom quadratic A2, B2, C2, thiab D2 tag nrho muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj heev rau qhov kev xav ntawm cov dej haus sib xyaw. Lub sij hawm sib cuam tshuam CD muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj rau qhov kev xav tau ntawm cov dej haus sib xyaw. Kev cuam tshuam tseem ceeb heev, thiab AB thiab BC muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj heev. Lub regression haum kab zauv raws li cov lus teb nto txoj kev yog:
Y=80.32 + 0.88A- 0.44B- 0.54C- 1.24D + 0.82AB- 0.045AC { {13}}.665AD+0.73BC+0.015BD-1.08CD-0.291A2-3.17B2-7.58C{{ 27}}
6.97D2 muaj qhov hloov pauv coefficient ntawm kev txiav txim siab R2adj =0.9799, qhia tias tus qauv tuaj yeem piav qhia 97.99% ntawm cov lus teb tus nqi hloov pauv, yog li tus qauv muaj qhov haum zoo thiab tuaj yeem kwv yees cov qhab nia ntawm qhov ntsuas ntawm Cistanche deserticola thiab jujube compound dej haus nyob rau hauv sib txawv ratio. Raws li qhov kev hloov pauv, Tus qauv kwv yees tias qhov kev pom zoo piv yog: Cistanche deserticola kua txiv ntxiv nyiaj 15.67%, jujube kua txiv ntxiv nyiaj 39.44%, xylitol ntxiv nyiaj 5.93%, citric acid ntxiv tus nqi 0.117%. Raws li qhov xwm txheej no, cov qhab nia ntawm cov dej haus sib xyaw yog 80.359.
Daim duab 6a qhia txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov kua txiv Cistanche deserticola ntxiv thiab cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntxiv rau ntawm qhov kev xav tau. Daim duab 6b qhia txog kev cuam tshuam cuam tshuam ntawm qhov ntxiv ntawm Cistanche deserticola kua txiv thiab cov nyiaj ntxiv ntawm xylitol ntawm qhov qhab nia hnov. Daim duab 6c qhia txog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm tus nqi ntxiv ntawm Cistanche deserticola kua txiv thiab cov nyiaj ntxiv ntawm xylitol ntawm cov qhab nia hnov. Kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm citric acid ntxiv tus nqi ntawm cov qhab nia sensory. Daim duab 6d qhia txog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntxiv thiab xylitol ntxiv rau ntawm qhov qhab nia. Daim duab 6e qhia txog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntxiv thiab citric acid ntxiv ntawm cov qhab nia. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov qhab-nees sensory, Daim duab 6f qhia txog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm xylitol ntxiv cov nyiaj thiab citric acid ntxiv rau ntawm qhov qhab nia. Daim duab 6f muaj txoj kab nqes, qhia tau hais tias kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm ob yam ntawm xylitol ntxiv thiab citric acid ntxiv muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj rau qhov kev xav tau. Qhov tsim nyog "qab zib-acid ratio" yog qhov tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau saj ntawm Cistanche deserticola thiab jujube compound dej haus.
Raws li cov qauv kev twv ua ntej qhov tseem ceeb thiab ua ke nrog kev ua haujlwm tiag tiag, qhov kev pom zoo tau hloov kho rau 16% Cistanche deserticola kua txiv ntxiv, 40% Zajube kua txiv ntxiv, 6% xylitol ntxiv, thiab 0.12% Ntxiv citric acid. Raws li qhov xwm txheej no, qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov dej haus tau kwv yees tus nqi yog 80.28. Los ntawm 5 qhov kev sim tshuaj ntsuam xyuas, qhov ntsuas qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov ntsuas siab yog 80.04, thiab qhov txheeb ze yuam kev ntawm tus nqi theoretical thiab tus nqi sim me me li 0.3%. Cov txheej txheem formula optimized los ntawm cov lus teb nto optimization txoj kev muaj tswv yim daim ntawv thov nqi.
2.4 Kev tshuaj xyuas kev noj zaub mov zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm antioxidant ntawm Cistanche deserticola thiab jujube compound haus
Polysaccharides yog ib qho kev qhia tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau kev ua tau zoo ntawm Lingwu jujube [14, 23], thiab tseem yog cov khoom tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm Cistanche deserticola [9, 11, 24]. Nroj tsuag polysaccharides koom nrog hauv lub cev metabolism hauv lub cev thiab tawm dag zog antioxidant, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo xws lihypoglycemia, ikev cai tswj lub cev, tshuaj tiv thaiv qog,, thiabanti-inflammatory [25], tuaj yeem ncaj qha lossis ncaj qha tshem tawm cov dawb radicals, yog li ua haujlwm antioxidant thiab zam qhov tshwm sim ntawm ntau yam kab mob hauv lub cev. Nws cov khoom antioxidant muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev, ntau lub hom phiaj, thiab ntau yam teebmeem [26].
Tsab ntawv xov xwm no tau ntsuas thiab txheeb xyuas tag nrho cov polysaccharides, polyphenols, cov ntsiab lus flavonoid, thiab hauv vitro antioxidant kev ua ntawm Cistanche deserticola thiab jujube compound dej haus npaj raws li kev pom zoo cov qauv. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias cov ntsiab lus polysaccharide hauv cov dej haus sib xyaw yog 2.07 mg / mL, thiab tag nrho cov ntsiab lus phenolic yog 2.07 mg / mL. Cov ntsiab lus yog 0.25mg/mL, cov ntsiab lus flavonoid yog 0. radical scavenging zog yog sib npaug rau 0.7mgVC ib ml ntawm cov dej haus sib xyaw, thiab cov superoxide anion radical Lub zog scavenging yog sib npaug rau 0.112mgVC ib milliliter ntawm cov dej haus, uas muaj peev xwm antioxidant zoo.
3 Kev xaus
Siv Ningxia tus yam ntxwv cog cov peev txheej Cistanche deserticola thiab Lingwu jujube ua raw khoom,Cistanche deserticolathiab jujube compound dej haus tau tsim. Cov kev sim ib leeg thiab cov lus teb saum npoo kev soj ntsuam tau siv, thiab cov qhab nia ntawm kev ua lej tsis txaus ntseeg tau siv los ua cov lus teb los txiav txim siab cov qauv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ntxiv cov kua txiv Cistanche deserticola. Cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntxiv yog 16%, qhov ntxiv ntawm jujube kua txiv yog 40%, qhov ntxiv ntawm xylitol yog 6%, thiab cov ntxiv ntawm citric acid yog 0.12%. Cistanche deserticola Changzao compound npaj raws li cov xwm txheej no
Cov dej haus ua ke muaj cov ntsiab lus polysaccharide ntawm 2.07mg/mL, tag nrho cov ntsiab lus phenolic ntawm 0.25mg/mL, cov ntsiab lus flavonoid ntawm 0.09mg /mL, tag nrho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antioxidant ntawm 0.91umolFeSO4/mL, thiab hydroxyl radical scavenging muaj peev xwm ntawm 0.7mgVC/mL. , superoxide anion radical scavenging zog yog 0.112mgVC / mL. Cistanche deserticola thiab jujube compound dej haus optimized thiab npaj raws li qhov kev sim no yog ci hauv cov xim, muaj cov ntxhiab tsw ntawm Cistanche deserticola thiab jujube, yog qaub thiab qab zib, yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv polysaccharides thiab lwm yam as-ham, thiab muaj cov antioxidant zoo thiab muaj zog hydroxyl. radical scavenging peev xwm.
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