Cov txiaj ntsig thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm Tonifying raum thiab Spleen Txoj Kev Ntawm Kev Tiv Thaiv Thiab Kev Kho Mob Ntawm Myelosuppression Induced Los Ntawm Cov Tshuaj Khomob Ntawm Cov Kabmob Kabmob Ⅳ

II. Kev tshawb nrhiav kev vam meej ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm txoj hnyuv thiab qhov tshwm sim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav hauv plab

Covtxoj hnyuvyog covlub hauv paus chaw nyob ntawm tib neeg flora, tsev rau ntau dua 1,000 hom kab mob, uas yog ntau dua 10 npaug ntawm cov hlwb somatic [1]. Txhua tus neeg txoj hnyuv muaj tsawg kawg yog 160 hom kab mob loj [2]. Ntawm lawv, feem coob yog Firmicutes thiab Bacteroidetes [3.4], uas koom nrog hauv tus tswv tsev cov khoom noj, metabolism, tiv thaiv kab mob thiab lwm yam kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev. Nyob rau hauv physiological tej yam kev mob, ntau yam microorganisms tsim ib tug dynamic equilibrium microecological system los ntawm symbiotic los yog antagonistic kev sib raug zoo, thiab plab hnyuv flora imbalance yuav ua rau muaj kev tshwm sim ntawm ntau yam kab mob thiab / los yog txhawb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob [5].

NEW HERB RAUQHOV CHAW UA HAUJ LWM thiab ua kom lub cev muaj zog 

1 Cov kab mob hauv plab thiab cov kab mob precancerous

Xyoo 1974, Morson [6] tau hais txog "adenoma-cancer" kev loj hlob ib ntus thiab taw qhia tias adenoma loj, pathological morphology, thiab qib ntawm cell atypia yog ib qho tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau carcinogenesis. Tam sim no, adenoma tau dhau los ua qhov pom zoo tshaj plaws thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov kab mob precancerous. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm plab hnyuv flora imbalance nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob nrog colorectal adenoma yog ho nce: Shen li al. [7] siv cov ntiv tes thiab cloning sequencing txoj kev los kawm ib txwm lub qhov quav mucosal biopsy cov ntaub so ntswg thiab mucosal biopsy cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov neeg mob adenoma thiab pom tias muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov kab mob sib txuas ntawm ob: qhov ntau ntawm Proteobacteria nce hauv cov neeg mob adenoma, thaum lub abundance ntawm Bacteroidetes txo. Sanpareddy et al. [8] tau kawm txog cov kab mob txuas ntawm mucosal biopsy cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm tib neeg thiab cov neeg mob plab adenoma. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias qhov txheeb ze ntawm cov kab mob TM7, cyanobacteria, thiab Verrucomicrobia nce ntxiv hauv pawg soj ntsuam; cov txheeb ze ntawm cov kab mob ntau ntawm 30 genera suav nrog Aquabacterium, Helicobacter pylori, thiab Lactococcus nce, thaum qhov ntau ntawm Streptococcus txo; qhov txiaj ntsig no tau lees paub ntxiv los ntawm qPCR txoj kev. Tsis tas li ntawd, 16S rRNA sequencing kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov quav quav[9] thawj zaug pom tias nyob rau hauv African Americans, cov kab mob tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv cov quav ntawm cov neeg mob plab hnyuv polyps thiab noj qab haus huv tswj yog Firmicutes thiab Bacteroidetes, ua raws li los ntawm Proteobacteria, tab sis cov txheeb ze abundance ntawm. Bacteroidetes hauv kev tswj hwm kev noj qab haus huv tau siab dua li cov neeg mob polyps, thiab cov txheeb ze ntawm Firmicutes qis dua li cov neeg mob polyps.

Tsis tas li ntawd, kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov kab mob tshwj xeeb thiab qhov tshwm sim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob hauv lub plab adenomas kuj tau kawm: cov kev tshawb fawb rov qab tau ua nyob rau hauv Suav teb av loj[10] thiab Taiwan [11 pom tias Helicobacter pylori yog ib qho kev pheej hmoo siab rau cov kab mob hauv lub cev. adenomas; Qhov kev txiav txim siab no tau lees paub hauv qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam meta tom ntej[12].

Nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias nyob rau hauv cov kab mob precancerous, ob qho tib si cov kab mob uas txuas rau hauv plab hnyuv mucosal biopsy cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov tsiaj ntawm cov quav cov qauv txawv ntawm cov pawg tswj hwm ib txwm muaj. Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov nroj tsuag twb tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov kab mob precancerous ntawm lub qhov quav ntawm qhov quav.

2 Kev mob plab hnyuv thiab mob qog noj ntshav

Tom qab tsim adenoma, nws yuav siv li ntawm 10-15 xyoo rau nws los ua mob qog noj ntshav[13]; thiab cov kev hloov hauv plab hnyuv uas tau tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm adenoma tseem muaj nyob tom qab tsim mob qog noj ntshav [114], thiab cov kev hloov tshiab yuav tshwm sim, thaum kawg qhia cov kab mob plab hnyuv tshwj xeeb rau mob qog noj ntshav.

2.1 Kev hloov pauv hauv cov qauv ntawm txoj hnyuv plab

Zhang et al. [15] siv cov ntaub ntawv tswj kev sib koom ua ke los kawm txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv qhov ncauj thiab kev pheej hmoo ntawm mob qog noj ntshav hauv plab. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav, thiab qhov kev pheej hmoo no loj tshaj tom qab siv cov tshuaj tua kab mob anaerobic thiab nyob rau hauv txoj hnyuv loj; Cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv qhov ncauj tsis zoo cuam tshuam nrog kev pheej hmoo ntawm mob qog noj ntshav ntawm qhov quav. Lub heterogeneity ntawm cov nyhuv no qhia tau hais tias cov qauv ntawm cov hnyuv muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog mob qog noj ntshav. Zhao Xiaofeng et al. [16] tau ua 16s rRNA gene sequencing ntawm fecal kuaj los ntawm 13 tus neeg mob qog nqaij hlav hauv plab thiab 8 tswj kev noj qab haus huv. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias ntau haiv neeg ntawm cov hnyuv hauv cov neeg mob qog nqaij hlav hauv plab tau txo qis thiab qhov nyuaj ntawm cov zej zog txo. Nyob rau theem phylum, cov neeg mob qog noj ntshav tau zoo ib yam li kev tswj hwm kev noj qab haus huv, nrog Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes thiab Proteobacteria raws li cov nroj tsuag tseem ceeb, tab sis kev nplua nuj ntawm Bacteroidetes tau nce ntxiv, thaum qhov kev nplua nuj ntawm Firmicutes thiab Proteobacteria txo qis, thiab qhov loj ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv txawv. nyob rau hauv cov chaw sib txawv. Huang Yu [14] siv 16srDNA gene nrhiav txoj hauv kev los kawm cov quav cov qauv ntawm cov neeg mob qog nqaij hlav hauv plab, cov neeg mob plab hnyuv thiab cov neeg ib txwm muaj. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev txheeb xyuas alpha ntau haiv neeg tau pom tias Chaol Performance index ntawm pawg neeg mob qog noj ntshav thiab polyp pawg tau qis dua li ntawm pawg ib txwm muaj, tab sis qhov sib txawv tsis tseem ceeb; thaum Shannon Performance index tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm peb pawg ntawm cov qauv. Nyob rau theem phylum, qhov ntau ntawm Clostridium nyob rau hauv txoj hnyuv genus ntawm cov neeg mob qog nqaij hlav hauv plab yog siab dua li ntawm pawg ib txwm muaj, thaum Bacteroidetes thiab Proteobacteria tsis hloov. Wang Tingting17 tau kawm txog cov kab mob hauv plab hnyuv ntawm cov neeg mob qog noj ntshav thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm noj qab haus huv, thiab ua 16s rRNA gene sequencing ntawm cov quav. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias nyob rau hauv ob pawg ntawm cov qauv, qhov ntau tshaj plaws ntawm Firmicutes thiab Bacteroidetes yog ob qho tib si tseem ceeb, ua raws li Proteobacteria thiab Actinobacteria; qhov ntau ntawm Bacteroidetes nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm noj qab haus huv tau siab dua, thaum muaj ntau ntawm Proteobacteria hauv cov hnyuv ntawm cov neeg mob qog nqaij hlav hauv plab yog siab dua; Cov txiaj ntsig kev sib txawv ntawm qhov ntsuas pom tau tias tsis muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv kev muaj ntau haiv neeg ntawm ob qho qauv.

Nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias kev hloov pauv ntawm cov kab mob hauv plab hnyuv, xws li kev txo qis ntawm ntau haiv neeg, kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb, kev txo qis hauv cov txiaj ntsig zoo, thiab kev nce hauv cov teeb meem flora, yog txhua yam cuam tshuam nrog qhov tshwm sim thiab kev loj hlob. ntawm mob qog nqaij hlav hauv plab.

2.1 Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov nroj tsuag tshwj xeeb

Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn): Fn yog cov kab mob commensal uas nyob hauv tib neeg lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav thiab kuj yog ib qho kab mob uas muaj feem cuam tshuam. Nws yog txuam nrog qhov tshwm sim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm mob qog noj ntshav [18]. Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb loj loj [19] tau siv cov tshuaj metagenomics txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov kab mob fecal. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias cov txheeb ze ntawm Fn maj mam nce los ntawm cov qog intramucosal mus rau cov kab mob siab heev. Castellarin MI²01 siv qPCR los kawm cov qog nqaij hlav thiab pom tias cov txheeb ze ntawm Fn nyob rau hauv plab hnyuv mucosa tau ntau dua li qhov qub hauv plab hnyuv mucosa; Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Fn tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo nrog cov qog ntshav qog ntshav. Gethings-Behncke C et al. [21] tau ua ib qho kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas meta ntawm 45 qhov kev tshawb fawb los ntsuas qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm Fn hauv cov neeg mob qog nqaij hlav hauv plab. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias piv nrog cov pab pawg tswj hwm kev noj qab haus huv, cov txheeb ze ntawm Fn nyob rau hauv cov qog nqaij hlav qog nqaij hlav thiab cov quav ntawm cov neeg mob qog nqaij hlav hauv plab tau nce zuj zus, uas cuam tshuam nrog qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev mob qog nqaij hlav hauv plab. Liang et al. [22] tshawb nrhiav cov neeg sib tw cov cim rau kev kuaj mob qog noj ntshav hauv cov neeg Esxias thiab siv cov cuab yeej tshawb nrhiav metagenomic los txheeb xyuas cov quav quav ntawm cov ncauj lus. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias qhov ntau ntawm Fn nyob rau hauv peb pawg neeg maj mam nce los ntawm ib txwm mus rau adenoma mus rau mob qog noj ntshav. Qhov rhiab heev ntawm Fn hauv kev kuaj mob qog noj ntshav tuaj yeem ncav cuag 77.8%, uas qhia tau tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Chen et al. [23] ua pov thawj los ntawm kev sim tsiaj uas Fn kab mob tuaj yeem txhawb kev tsiv teb tsaws ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav hauv plab hauv vitro thiab ntsws metastasis hauv vivo; Cov kev tshawb fawb ntxiv tau pom tias Fn tuaj yeem txhawb kev tsiv teb tsaws ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav qog nqaij hlav hauv vitro thiab metastasis hauv vivo los ntawm kev ua kom txoj hauv kev NF-kB thiab tswj KRT7-AS/KRT7. Chen et al. [24] siv high-throughput sequencing thiab real-time PCR los kawm txog Fn kab mob nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg thiab nyob ib sab cov ntaub so ntswg mucosa ntawm cov neeg mob uas tsis yog-metastatic thiab metastatic mob qog noj ntshav. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias muaj ntau ntawm Fn hauv cov qog nqaij hlav ntawm cov neeg mob qog nqaij hlav hauv plab yog qhov siab dua li cov ntaub so ntswg uas nyob ib sab, thiab qhov ntau ntawm Fn hauv cov qog nqaij hlav ntawm cov neeg mob uas mob qog nqaij hlav hauv plab yog siab dua li cov neeg mob uas tsis yog metastatic. mob qog noj ntshav. Tib lub sijhawm, tus kab mob Fn tau zoo sib xws nrog cov kab mob metastasis: Fn cuam tshuam cov qog nqaij hlav metastasis los ntawm kev txhawb nqa kev qhia ntawm CARD3, LC{20}}II, thiab Beclin1 hauv cov qog nqaij hlav hauv plab thiab txo qis kev qhia ntawm E-cadherin thiab P62. Fn kuj tseem tuaj yeem txhawb nqa qhov tshwm sim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav hauv plab los ntawm kev ua kom E-cadherin / -catenin txoj kev kho los ntawm FadA adhesin[25], ua kom lub teeb liab hloov pauv ntawm Tus Hu-zoo li receptor 4 mus rau MYD88, ua rau kev ua kom NF-kB. thiab nthuav qhia ntawm miR21[26], Wnt/ -catenin regulator annexin A1[27], recruiting qog-infiltrating immune cells to produce a pro-inflammatory microenvironment[28], etc. Tib lub sij hawm, Fn tuaj yeem txhawb qhov tshwm sim ntawm 5-Fu tsis kam los ntawm kev tswj hwm autophagy, txhawb kev kho tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob[29], thiab txo qis tus tswv tsev BIRC3 gene qhia[30], uas yog qhov kawg cuam tshuam nrog kev mob tsis zoo.

Escherichia coli (E.coli): E.coli yog cov kab mob uas muaj nyob hauv tib neeg txoj hnyuv. Qee hom kab mob pathogenic tuaj yeem ua rau mob ntev, tsim cov co toxins, thiab yog li koom nrog kev tshwm sim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav hauv plab. Bonnet³1] thiab lwm yam kev tshawb fawb pom tias piv nrog cov ntaub so ntswg ib txwm muaj, mucosa-sociated/internalized E.coli hauv cov ntaub so ntswg tau nce ntau; Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, E.coli colonization hauv cov mucosa tau cuam tshuam nrog kev ua tsis zoo ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav. Nws yog tam sim no paub tias muaj tsawg kawg yog plaub subtypes ntawm Escherichia coli, uas yog A, B1, B2, thiab D, ntawm cov subtypes B2 thiab D yog cov kab mob tseem ceeb [32-34]. Cov kab mob kab mob tau raug coj los ua kab mob thiab cais tawm ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov neeg mob qog nqaij hlav hauv plab, thiab cov txiaj ntsig kev txheeb xyuas pom tau tias D subtype E.coli hauv cov neeg mob qog nqaij hlav hauv plab tau nce siab dua li hauv pawg tswj hwm [35]. Raisch et al. [36] muab piv rau qhov ntau ntawm mucosal-associated E. coli hauv biopsies los ntawm cov neeg mob qog noj ntshav thiab cov neeg mob diverticulosis. 86% ntawm cycloregulin-zoo E. coli tau koom nrog B2 subtype thiab feem ntau harbored polyketide synthase (pks) kob, uas tuaj yeem encode cov tshuaj genotoxic colibacteria thiab / lossis cytotoxic necrotizing factor (CNF); Kev sim hauv vitro thiab kev sim tsiaj tau ua pov thawj tias B2 hom kab mob hauv E.coli tuaj yeem ua rau mob hnyav dua thiab txhawb cov qog. Lwm txoj kev tshawb fawb [37] pom tias cov neeg mob uas mob qog nqaij hlav hauv plab hnyuv loj los ntawm coliactin-ua E. coli (CoPEC) tau txo cov qog-infiltrating lymphocytes. Tsiaj thwmsim ntxiv tau lees paub tias CoPEC kab mob cuam tshuam cov qog nqaij hlav los ntawm T hlwb thiab cuam tshuam rau cov qog microenvironment, yog li txhawb kev tshwm sim ntawm cov qog. Zhang et al [381] pom tias CNF1 synthesized los ntawm pathogenic Escherichia coli tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau lub voj voog ntawm tes thiab kev pab cuam apoptosis, qhia tias CNF1 muaj peev xwm oncogenic. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee qhov kev tshawb fawb [39] pom tias E.coli colonization tus nqi nce hauv cov neeg mob qog nqaij hlav hauv plab nrog microsatellite instability (MSI); thiab cov kev sim hauv vitro kuj tau ua pov thawj tias hauv cov neeg mob uas muaj kev kho tsis zoo ntawm cov protein tsis muaj peev xwm (tsis muaj peev xwm kho tsis zoo (dMMR) hlwb, E.coli muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua rau kev kis kab mob thiab sab hauv, qhia tias E.coli muaj feem cuam tshuam rau phenotype ntawm mob qog noj ntshav.

Bacteroides fragilis (B. fragilis): Zoo ib yam li Escherichia coli, Bacteroides fragilis kuj yog cov kab mob commensal hauv txoj hnyuv ntawm tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu. Cov kab mob tau muab faib ua ob hom subtypes, ETBF thiab NBFT, raws li seb lawv puas muaj cov kab mob bacteroid fragilis toxin (BFT) noob [40]. NTBF feem ntau yog cov kab mob uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo uas ua lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus tswv [41.42]. ETBF yog ib qho kev pheej hmoo rau ntau yam kab mob, xws li raws plab [43-45] thiab mob qog noj ntshav. Xyoo 2006, Toprak NU et al. [46] ua qauv qhia thawj zaug uas ETBF tau nce siab hauv cov neeg mob qog nqaij hlav hauv plab los ntawm PCR nrhiav pom cov quav quav; Cov kev sim tshuaj tom ntej [47-50] thiab kev sim tsiaj I⁵1] tau lees paub qhov kev txiav txim siab no. txheeb xyuas thiab ntxiv. Kev kuaj BFT noob tau ua rau cov kab mob sib cais los ntawm cov qog mucosal ntawm cov neeg mob qog nqaij hlav hauv plab [52]. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias BFT noob muaj feem cuam tshuam rau kev mob qog nqaij hlav hauv plab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob siab, qhia tias BFT noob yog ib qho kev pheej hmoo rau kev kis kab mob. Meta-analysis [53] kuj tau lees paub qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm B. fragilis thiab kev ua tsis zoo. ETBF xav tias yuav dhau los ua biomarker rau kev kuaj mob qog noj ntshav hauv lub plab yav tom ntej [54]. Lub tshuab uas ETBF txhawb nqa qhov tshwm sim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav hauv plab yog qhov nyuaj. ETBF tuaj yeem qhib Ras homologs thiab txhawb cov qog loj hlob los ntawm Bacteroides fragilis-txog ntev tsis-coding RNA 1 (BFAL1) [55]; BFT kho qhov kev loj hlob ntawm plab hnyuv mucosal epithelial hlwb. Inflammatory cascade cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab cov teeb liab txhawb kev mob qog noj ntshav ua rau kev ua kom lub NF-kB teeb liab txoj hauv kev hauv cov kab mob hauv plab hnyuv thiab ua rau cov qog nqaij hlav [56]; ETBF-induced colorectal cancer kuj muaj feem xyuam rau IL-17 [57], thiab IL-17 tuaj yeem Tsav kev tsim cov kab mob mononuclear-myeloid suppressor hlwb (MO-MDSCs), thiab MO-MDSCs muaj mob qog noj ntshav tseem ceeb- txhawb cov teebmeem [58]; Kev tswj hwm T hlwb tuaj yeem txhim kho kev tsim khoom ntawm IL-17,

Txo qhov kev tsim tawm ntawm interferon gamma thiab ua lub luag haujlwm txhawb nqa thaum ntxov ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav [59]. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee qhov kev tshawb fawb [601] pom tias PSA ntawm Bacteroides fragilis tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav los ntawm kev hu xov tooj zoo li receptor 2 signaling.

2.3 metabolites ntawm plab hnyuv flora

Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm decomposing thiab fermenting noj fiber ntau nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov, plab hnyuv muaj peev xwm tsim tau ntau yam metabolites (metabolites), nrog rau cov amino acids, enzymes, vitamins, organic acids, thiab lwm yam. Cov metabolites no tsim nyog rau kev ciaj sia ntawm cov kab mob thiab tseem ceeb heev. rau lub cev. Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov as-ham thiab lub zog [61]. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov metabolites koom nrog ntau yam physiological thiab pathological txheej txheem ntawm lub cev los ntawm kev cuam tshuam nrog cov hnyuv epithelial hlwb thiab tswj kev tiv thaiv kab mob [62].

(1) Short chain fatty acids

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) yog tsim los ntawm cov kab mob hauv cov hnyuv decomposing noj fiber ntau, thiab feem ntau suav nrog formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, valeric acid thiab butyric acid. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias cov kab mob luv luv fatty acids tuaj yeem koom nrog hauv kev tswj hwm txoj hnyuv homeostasis thiab tshwm sim ntawm plab hnyuv los ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev [63].

SCFA tuaj yeem txhawb cov tiam ntawm effector T hlwb, txhim kho txoj hnyuv ua haujlwm thiab lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev [64], txo cov apoptosis ntawm cov kab mob hauv cov hnyuv, thiab txhawb cov apoptosis ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav hauv plab los ntawm activating p21 [65]; kev txo qis ntawm SCFA,

Qhov no txhais tau hais tias txoj hnyuv plab tsis txaus thiab cov ntaub so ntswg puas muaj feem cuam tshuam rau kev pheej hmoo ntawm mob qog noj ntshav [66; Kev sim tsiaj tau pom tias qhov poob ntawm SCFA receptor (dawb fatty acid receptor 2, FFAR2) tuaj yeem txo qhov kev ncaj ncees ntawm txoj hnyuv, Txhawb CD8 + T cell qaug zog, thiab lwm yam, yog li txhawb qhov tshwm sim ntawm plab hnyuv [ 67] ib.

Butyric acid tuaj yeem txo qhov kev qhia thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm integrin (2) (1), cuam tshuam rau cell matrix adhesion, thiab induce apoptosis ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav hauv plab [68]; los yog los ntawm activating G protein-coupled receptor (GPR109A), Inhibits NF-kB thiab Akt signaling txoj kev, txhim kho plab hnyuv epithelial barrier tsis ua hauj lwm thiab inflammatory teb [69], inhibits histone deacetylase (HDAC), txhawb histone acetylation, thiab yog li tswj cov kev qhia. ntawm ntau yam qog suppressors. transcriptional kev ua ub no thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob cov noob caj noob ces, yog li txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm mob qog noj ntshav [64.70]; los ntawm inhibiting HDAC, inhibiting cell proliferation thiab inducing apoptosis ntawm colorectal cancer hlwb nrog Warburg nyhuv [71]. Tsis tas li ntawd, butyric acid kuj tuaj yeem ua rau miRNA, miR-139 thiab miR{11}}. Qhov thib peb tom kawg tuaj yeem ua haujlwm sib koom ua ke nrog butyric acid los tswj lub hom phiaj cov noob EIF4G2 thiab BIRC5, induce apoptosis ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav hauv plab thiab txo cov qog nqaij hlav hauv plab hnyuv loj [72], thiab tseem cuam tshuam rau kev cuam tshuam thiab metastasis ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav hauv plab los ntawm txoj kev sib koom ua ke molecular network. [73].

(2) Cov kua tsib acid

Nyob rau hauv lub cev, thawj cov kua tsib acids synthesized los ntawm lub siab yog tawm los ntawm cov kua tsib duct mus rau hauv cov hnyuv me, thiab decomposed los ntawm plab hnyuv kab mob mus rau hauv lub thib ob bile acids. Secondary bile acids tuaj yeem ua rau cov nyhuv immunomodulatory ntawm cov hnyuv mucosal, yog li ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob tseem ceeb ntawm txoj hnyuv.

Cov kab mob plab hnyuv dysbiosis cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem metabolic ntawm cov kua tsib kua qaub rau cov kua tsib theem ob, thiab txo qis FXR-FGF15 axis los txhawb qhov tshwm sim ntawm plab hnyuv [74]. Kev noj zaub mov muaj roj ntau tuaj yeem nce cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov kua tsib acids hauv cov hnyuv, ua rau cov kab mob enterohepatic ncig signaling receptor FXR, yog li txhawb qhov tshwm sim ntawm plab hnyuv [75]. Kev sim tsiaj tau pom tias kev noj zaub mov muaj roj ntau tuaj yeem txhawb txoj hnyuv loj; Cov kua tsib kua qaub hauv cov hnyuv ntawm cov nas noj cov zaub mov muaj roj ntau ntxiv, thaum cov kua tsib kua qaub thauj FABP6, OST, thiab ASBT hauv cov kab mob hauv cov hnyuv raug txo qis, thiab cov kua tsib acid deoxycholic acid thiab lithocholic acid concentrations txo qis; qhia tias kev noj zaub mov muaj rog tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo mob qog noj ntshav los ntawm kev hloov kho ntawm FXR1761. Tsis tas li ntawd, deoxycholic acid thiab lithocholic acid kuj tuaj yeem ua rau M3R thiab Wnt / -catenin signaling txoj hauv kev los txhawb kev hloov pauv ntawm cov colon epithelial rau hauv cov kab mob qog noj ntshav, yog li txhawb kev tshwm sim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm mob qog noj ntshav [77]. Deoxycholic acid kuj tseem tuaj yeem txhawb cov qog cell proliferation thiab inhibit apoptosis los ntawm kev txhawb nqa Wnt signaling txoj kev, yog li txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm adenoma-carcinoma ib ntus thiab txhawb kev tshwm sim ntawm mob qog noj ntshav [78].

(3) Amino acids

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) yog ib yam khoom ntawm cov nqaij liab thiab rog hauv cov khoom noj uas tau ua tiav los ntawm cov hnyuv microbiota thiab hloov ntau zaus [791]. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias TMAO tsim los ntawm cov nqaij liab thiab cov zaub mov muaj roj ntau tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm mob qog noj ntshav. Cov txheej txheem no suav nrog ntau cov txheej txheem physiological thiab pathological xws li Wnt signaling pathway, MYC, lub cev tsis muaj zog, lub voj voog ntawm tes, thiab lipid metabolism [80]. Cov kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam tau pom tias cov ntshav TMAO muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev txo qis ntawm cov kab mob tsis muaj sia nyob ntawm cov neeg mob qog nqaij hlav hauv plab. Multivariate regression tsom xam pom tias ntshav TMAO yog ib qho kev ywj pheej prognostic yam rau cov neeg mob qog nqaij hlav hauv plab [81]. Choline yog ib tug precursor ntawm TMAO, thiab cov concentration ntawm choline nyob rau hauv cov ntshav yog txuam nrog ib tug muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm mob qog noj ntshav nyob rau hauv lub plab.

3 Kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov tshuaj suav tshuaj suav tshuaj thiab plab hnyuv microbiota

Hauv kev xyaum kho mob, feem ntau cov tshuaj suav tshuaj suav tshuaj yog siv qhov ncauj. Tom qab nkag mus rau hauv lub plab zom mov, lawv yuav inevitably cuam tshuam nrog cov hnyuv microbiota. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias muaj ntau yam tshuaj ntsuab hauv Suav teb, xws li Suav tshuaj ntsuab tshuaj ntsuab polysaccharides [82] thiab polyphenols83, tuaj yeem hloov pauv ntxiv los ntawm cov hnyuv thiab cuam tshuam rau cov qauv thiab cov metabolism hauv plab hnyuv. Yog li ntawd, plab hnyuv muaj peev xwm yog lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm Suav tshuaj [84].

Lei Chunhong185 pom tias cov neeg mob uas muaj adenomatous polyps ntawm txoj hnyuv loj uas tau kuaj pom tias muaj tus po thiab lub raum yang deficiency muaj qhov sib txawv loj hauv plab hnyuv muaj ntau haiv neeg thiab cov qauv kev faib tawm piv nrog cov neeg noj qab haus huv. Cov tshuaj suav tshuaj ntsuab tshuaj ntawmwarming raum thiab ntxiv dag zog rau spleentuaj yeem tswj cov qauv flora ntawm txoj hnyuv. Feng Baoyue[861 pom tias piv nrog cov hnyuv ntawm cov neeg ib txwm muaj, alpha ntau haiv neeg ntawm cov hnyuv hauv cov neeg mob uas muajspleen thiab raum yang deficiencytom qab kev phais radical rau mob qog noj ntshav tau txo qis. Cov tshuaj Wenyang Jianpi tuaj yeem txhim kho txoj hnyuv microecology ntawm cov neeg mob tom qab phais mob qog noj ntshav thiab ua rau muaj kev nplua nuj thiab ntau haiv neeg ntawm cov hnyuv microbial, qhia tias cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Wenyang Jianpi cov tshuaj yuav cuam tshuam rau kev tswj cov hnyuv. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev faib tawm ntawm cov hnyuv hauv cov neeg mob uas muaj cov kab mob tib yam thiab cov kab mob TCM sib txawv yog qhov sib txawv [87-90], qhia tias cov kab mob hauv plab yuav yog cov khoom siv hauv paus ntawm TCM's "ib yam kab mob, cov kab mob sib txawv". Xu Lu [911 pom tias cov kab mob plab hnyuv ntawm cov neeg mob uas muaj cov kab mob sib txawv ntawm cov kab mob qog nqaij hlav hauv plab (pob txha tsis txaus thiab dampness obstruction syndrome, qi stagnation thiab dampness obstruction syndrome, spleen deficiency thiab qi stagnation syndrome, qi stagnation thiab ntshav stasis syndrome, qi thiab ntshav tsis txaus). syndrome) muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv kev sib txawv ntawm alpha thiab kev sib txawv ntawm pab pawg, thiab cov kab mob plab hnyuv muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus po tsis txaus thiab dampness obstruction syndrome.

4 Cov ntsiab lus

Cov kab mob hauv plab tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau qhov tshwm sim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm mob qog noj ntshav hauv ntau txoj hauv kev, suav nrog kev hloov pauv hauv cov khoom xyaw thiab cov qauv ntawm cov hnyuv, kev hloov pauv ntawm cov nroj tsuag tshwj xeeb, thiab kev hloov pauv hauv cov khoom noj metabolites. Cov tshuaj suav tshuaj suav tshuaj tuaj yeem siv nws txoj kev kho mob los ntawm kev tswj cov plab hnyuv, thiab xav tias yuav dhau los ua lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb rau TCM kho mob qog noj ntshav. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov kab mob hauv plab tuaj yeem yog lub hauv paus ntawm "cov kab mob tib yam, cov tsos mob sib txawv" hauv kev mob qog noj ntshav.

Cov ntaub ntawv

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