Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Ua Lag Luam Thiab Kev Kawm Ntawm Tus Qauv Qib Ntawm Cistanches Herba

Abstract:

CistanchesHerba yog ib hom tshuaj uas tsis tshua muaj siv nyob rau hauv Suav teb, uas muaj lub luag haujlwm ntawmnourishing lub raum-Yang, pab cov ntshav essence, moistening hnyuv, thiab defecation. Tib lub sijhawm,Cistanche deserticolatau muab teev ua khoom noj thiabCov ntaub ntawv suav tshuajlos ntawm National Health Commission, uas muaj kev thov ntau rau kev siv txhua hnub. Kev muab qhab nia ntawmCistanchesHerba hauv kev ua lag luam yog chaotic thiab cov qauv sib txawv, thiab cov nqi ntawmCistanchesHerba nrog cov khoom sib txawv tshwj xeeb yog txawv heev. Los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas cov specifications thiab qib ntawmCistanchesHerba nyob rau hauv Suav tshuaj ntsuab classics, lub teb chaws cov qauv, kev lag luam cov qauv, thiab cov ntaub ntawv, qhov tseeb grading qhov teeb meem thiab cov khoom muag nqi nyob rau hauv loj cov khoom siv tshuaj lag luam raug soj ntsuam. Cov qauv kev faib tawm ntawmCistanchesHerba tau sau tseg thiab txheeb xyuas, suav nrog keeb kwm, thaj chaw tsim khoom, qhov chaw qus thiab cog qoob loo, lub caij sau qoob loo, lub sijhawm loj hlob, xyoo loj hlob, thiab tus kheej loj. Txhawm rau muab cov ntaub ntawv siv rau kev ua kom zoo ntawm Cistanches Herba cov khoom lag luam tshwj xeeb qib, cov txheej txheem npaj tau muab tso rau pem hauv ntej raws li keeb kwm, lub sijhawm loj hlob, thiab tus kheej loj.

Ntsiab lus:CistanchesHerba; specifications; qib; txheem; zoo; kev soj ntsuam kev lag luam

Cistanche deserticolathawj zaug tau sau tseg hauv "Shen Nong's Herbal Classic", uas yog cov tshuaj suav tshuaj tonic zoo tshaj plaws, siv raudeficiency ntawm lub raum yang, deficiency ntawm essence thiab ntshav, impotencethiabtsis muaj menyuam,mobthiab qaug zog ntawm lub duav thiab lub hauv caug, tsis muaj zog ntawm cov leeg thiab pob txha, plab hnyuv dryness thiab cem quav [1].

ThiabCistanche muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom, thiabKev siv tshuaj me me mus sij hawm ntev tuaj yeem ua rau muaj zog thiab txo qhov qaug zog, sov duav thiab aphrodisiac. Kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub tau pom tiasCistanchekuj muaj cov teebmeem ntawmtxhim kho cov hlab plawv, txhim kho kev tiv thaiv, thiabanti-aging[2]. Cov khoom noj qab haus huv tsim nrogCistanche tubulosaRaws li cov ntaub ntawv raw, xws li "Tuam Tshoj Jingjiu" thiab "Huiren Brand Gulikang Capsules" kuj tau lees paub dav. .

Xyoo 2020 tsab ntawm Pharmacopoeia ntawm Cov Neeg Tuam Txhab Tuam Txhab Tuam Txhab Tuam Txhab Tuam Txhab (tom qab no hu ua "Suav Pharmacopoeia") qhia tias Cistanche yog lub qia qhuav, scaly qia ntawm Cistanche deserticola YC Ma lossis C. tubulosa (Schenk) Wight ntawm Lidanace. 1]. Yav tas los yog ib hom kab mob li qubCistanchetxij thaum ancient sij hawm, thiab nws kuj tau pom zoo los ntawm qee cov kws tshawb fawb raws li suab puam Cistanche deserticola; tom kawg yog suav hais tias yog lub hauv paus cog txij li xyoo 2005 tsab ntawm Suav Pharmacopoeia raws li kev txiav txim siab ntawm kev txo cov peev txheej ntawmCistanche deserticolathiab kev nthuav dav ntawm cov chaw kho mob. Muaj qhov sib txawv loj hauv kev ua lag luam tus nqi ntawm Cistanche deserticola los ntawm ob lub hauv paus no, thiab qhov sib txawv tuaj yeem yog ze li ntawm 10 npaug ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws. Cistanche los ntawm tib lub hauv paus tuaj yeem muab faib ua ntau yam tshwj xeeb thiab qib raws li keeb kwm, qhov loj me, cog qoob loo, lossis qus. Cov kev lag luam tam sim no thiab qib tus qauv ntawm Cistanche yog "76 yam khoom siv tshuaj kho mob tus qauv" tshaj tawm hauv xyoo 1984 [3]. Hauv kaum xyoo tsis ntev los no, kev lag luam ntawm Cistanche tau hloov pauv zoo. Yav dhau los, Cistanche deserticola tau sau rau hauv cov tsiaj qus, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj thiab ecological puas tsuaj. Nws yog qhov ceev heev los tsim cov cuab yeej cog qoob loo ntawm Cistanche deserticola.

Xyoo 1985, Ge Jianxin siv Haloxylon ammonium ua tus tswv tsev rau thawj qhov kev cog qoob loo zoo ntawm Cistanche. Raws li ntawm 2016, thaj tsam ntawmCistanche tubulosacultivated nyob rau hauv Xinjiang yog hais txog 1.36 × 104 hm2 [5]. Nyob rau hauv 2015, cultivated cheeb tsam ntawmCistanche deserticolanyob rau hauv Inner Mongolia yog hais txog 2 × 104 hm2 [6]. Nws kwv yees tias cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev cog qoob loo Cistanche deserticola tuaj yeem ncav cuag 440 / hm2 5 xyoo tom qab inoculation, thiab qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo yog 354 yuan / hm2 tom qab ntawd [7]. Tam sim no, muaj 196 hom

Cov tshuaj yog tsim los ntawm Cistanch. Muab tso rau hauv kev tsim khoom nrog cov khoom zoo raw khoom yuav pab txhim kho cov nyhuv curative ntawm cov tshuaj. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los kawm txog kev lag luam specifications ntawm Cistanche deserticola thiab faib lawv raws li qhov zoo, thiaj li ua tau zoo thiab tus nqi siab.

Los ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas dav dav ntawm cov specifications thiab qib ntawmCistanche deserticolanyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv tshuaj ntsuab, cov qauv kev lag luam thiab cov ntaub ntawv, ua ke nrog qhov tseeb grading ntawmCistanche deserticolaHauv kev soj ntsuam kev lag luam thiab cov nqi khoom muag, txoj kev tshawb no teev cov yam cuam tshuam cuam tshuam txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qib, specifications thiab tus nqi, thiab tshuaj xyuas cov muaj feem cuam tshuam thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj. Txhawm rau muab kev siv rau kev ua kom zoo ntawm kev lag luam specifications thiab qib ntawm Cistanche deserticola.

1.1 Cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm ntawm Cistanche

Thaum ntxov li 480 AD, Tao Hongjing [8] thawj zaug qhia txog qib Cistanche hauv Compendium of Materia Medica: “Thawj qhov uas tawm ntawm Longxi niaj hnub no yog tiaj, dav, mos, muaj ntau paj thiab qab zib saj. puab thiab ob peb lub paj, Badong thiab Jianping kuj muaj lawv, tab sis lawv tsis zoo li. " Txoj kev no faib cov qib raws li qhov chaw tsim khoom. Thawj qib yog tsim nyob rau hauv Gansu, thiab raws li cov lus piav qhia, nws yog speculated yuav Cistanche deserticola; qib ob yog tsim nyob rau hauv Shaanxi thiab Shanxi, nrog me me thiab ob peb inflorescences, uas tej zaum yuav Cistanche salinae; qib peb yog tsim los ntawm

Sichuan. Hauv "Xinxiu Materia Medica", nws tau piav qhia tias "Cistanche deserticola", thiab cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb yog Liedang Orobanche coerulescens Steph. Nyob rau hauv Song Dynasty Su Song [9]'s "Benkuojing" kuj muaj me me ntawm kev piav qhia txog qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov chaw ntawm keeb kwm: "Nws yug hauv Hexi. Hav thiab nyob rau hauv Yanmen ntawm Daijun, thiab tam sim no muaj ntau nyob rau hauv lub prefectures ntawm Shaanxi, tab sis lawv tsis zoo li cov neeg tuaj ntawm Western Qiang realm. Thiab lub zog yog nruj", uas txhais tau hais tias thaum lub sij hawm ntawd, muaj ntau Cistanche cistanche nyob rau hauv Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Yu County ntawm Hebei thiab sab qaum teb Shaanxi, tab sis nws tsis zoo li cov nqaij tsim nyob rau hauv Gansu cheeb tsam (Xiqiang) Thiab muaj zog tshuaj muaj zog, pom tau hais tias Cistanche nyob rau hauv Song Dynasty tseem siv lub hauv paus chiv keeb raws li tus qauv grading, nyob rau hauv Qing Dynasty, "Ben Cao Congxin" tau sau tseg: "Nws loj hlob zoo li ib txhais caj npab, hnyav npaum li ib kilogram, thiab tus neeg nrog ntoo thuv txiv ntoo teev yog qhov zoo "[10]. Xyoo 2001]. ].

Tom qab Qing Dynasty, cov yam ntxwv xws li tus kheej qhov loj me, zoo li, xim thiab kev ntxhib los mos tau pib siv los ua cov qauv ntsuas zoo rau Cistanche deserticola. Xyoo 1984, nyob rau hauv "76 Cov Khoom Muag Khoom Muag rau Cov Khoom Siv Tshuaj" sib koom ua ke los ntawm yav dhau los Lub Xeev Kev Tswj Xyuas Tshuaj thiab Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv, Cistanche cistanche tau muab faib ua ob qhov tshwj xeeb: cistanche qab zib thiab qab ntsev cistanche, thiab lawv tau muag tag nrho raws li cov khoom sib koom ua ke. [3]. Cistanche qab zib cistanche yog cistanche cistanche uas yog ncaj qha tshav ntuj qhuav yam tsis tau soaked nyob rau hauv lub pas dej ntsev tom qab excavated lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Cov tsos mob tsis txawv ntau ntawm cov khoom tshiab. qab zib. Cistanche ntsev yog tau los ntawm cistanche tshiab tom qab tau khawb hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg thiab muab tso rau hauv lub pas dej ntsev. Nws yog flatter nyob rau hauv cov duab thiab darker nyob rau hauv cov xim tshaj qab zib cistanche. Qhov saum npoo yog xim av tsaus, thiab ntu ntoo khaub lig yog xim dub lossis ntsuab tsaus. Qhov kev ntxhib los mos yog mos, ci thiab qab ntsev. Vim tias cov dej noo ntawm Cistanche nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg siab, nws yog qhov nyuaj rau qhuav, thiab Cistanche qhuav tsis tiav yog qhov ua rau mildew thiab kev noj nyiaj txiag thaum lub caij tsheb thauj mus los. Yog li ntawd, soaking nyob rau hauv ntsev rau kev ua nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus chiv keeb yog pab tau rau lub cev qhuav dej. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntsev nkag mus rau hauv lub raum meridian, uas tuaj yeem ua rau kom cov nyhuv ntawm Cistanche deserticola hauv tonifying raum yang. Nyob rau hauv Qing Dynasty, "Nroog Lub Npe thiab Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Qhov Tseeb" tau sau tseg: "Cistanche deserticola ... tag nrho cov muag hauv khw muag tshuaj niaj hnub no yog ua los ntawm ntsev." [12] Nrog rau kev txhim kho cov tshuab ziab khaub ncaws thiab kev yooj yim ntawm kev thauj mus los, muaj tsawg heev salted cistanche hauv ntau qhov chaw tsim khoom thiab kev lag luam tam sim no.

1.2 Specification thiab qib kev tshawb fawb thiab kev faib cov cim qhia

Tawm tsam qhov xwm txheej tshiab ntawm kev ua lag luam, xyoo 2018, Tuam Tshoj Lub Koom Haum ntawm Cov Tshuaj Hauv Suav Teb tau tshaj tawm "Kev Lag Luam Specifications thiab Qib ntawm Suav Cov Khoom Siv Tshuaj Cistanche Cistanche" [13]. Cov kev xaiv tshwj xeeb ntawm Cistanche deserticola tau muab faib ua thawj-chav kawm thiab thib ob-chav kawm raws li qhov ntev, txoj kab uas hla thiab tus naj npawb ntawm succulent stems ib 1 kg. Muaj 2 qib, thiab cov ntaub ntawv qhia qib tshwj xeeb muaj nyob hauv Table 1.

"Inner Mongolia Cistanche" tau siv los ua ib qho khoom lag luam qhia txog thaj chaw thoob ntiaj teb. Raws li qhov zoo thiab kev xav tau, nws tau muab faib ua 4 qib raws li qhov ntev ntawm cov qia nqaij, nrog rau cov khoom siv dav dav (tseem ceeb): qhov ntev yog tsawg dua 30 cm; me me strips:

Qhov ntev yog 30 ~ 60 cm; nruab nrab bar: qhov ntev yog 60 ~ 100 cm; qhov loj bar: qhov ntev yog ntau tshaj 100 cm. Qee cov kws tshawb fawb tau faib cov Cistanche qhuav thiab huv si raws li tus neeg loj thiab cov duab. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov suab puam Cistanche yog qhov ntev, txoj kab uas hla thiab impurity cov ntsiab lus ntawm succulent stems. Cov nroj tsuag yog ncaj thiab ncaj; ob chav succulent qia yog ntau tshaj 20 cm nyob rau hauv ntev, thiab txoj kab uas hla yog ntau tshaj 3 cm, ncaj; Qhov thib peb-chav succulent qia yog ntau tshaj 15 cm nyob rau hauv ntev, ntau tshaj 2 cm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb, me ntsis nkhaus, thiab impurities yog tsawg tshaj li 1 feem pua. Cov ntsiab lus txawv ntawm Cistanche Cistanche yog qhov ntev ntawm cov qia succulent thiab cov ntsiab lus impurity. Qhov ntev ntawm cov qia succulent ntawm thawj qib yog ntau dua 20 cm, qib thib ob yog 15-20 cm, qib peb yog 10-15 cm, thiab cov impurities tsawg dua 1 feem pua ​​[14] { {17}}]. Cov txheej txheem muab qhab nia saum toj no tuaj yeem yog rau kev ntim khoom yooj yim, yog li qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov tsos zoo li qhov ntev. Txawm li cas los xij, lub hom phiaj kawg ntawm kev muab cov khoom lag luam yog los pab txhawb kev muag khoom. Cistanche yog muag los ntawm kilogram. Yog li ntawd, nws raug pom zoo tias tus neeg zoo yuav tsum suav nrog hauv tus qauv muab qhab nia. Yan Wei et al[16] tau ua ib qho kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj lag luam ntawm Cistanche hauv Alxa, Inner Mongolia, thiab faib cov suab puam Cistanche rau 5 qib raws li tus nqi lag luam, qhov muag muag tiag tiag thiab cov tsos thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua lag luam, thiab qhov tsis muaj qhov cistanche yog ib qho cov khoom zoo. Nws muab faib ua 4 qib, uas yog, qib tshwj xeeb, qib thawj, qib thib ob, thiab cov khoom siv dav dav. Cov yam ntxwv yog hnyav, hloov tau, thiab ntom ntom; Cistanche bolting yog qib thib ob, uas yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm lub teeb lub cev, kev ua haujlwm nyuaj, thiab ntu ntu ntu. Cov kab nrib pleb, sparse; tib lub sijhawm, txhua qib muab tus nqi tshwj xeeb (Table 2).

Peng Fang et al. [17] graded Cistanche tshiab tom qab sau hauv Ningxia, thiab muab piv cov ntsiab lus ntawm ntau yam khoom xyaw, thiab muab faib ua peb qib raws li qia thickness, sab saum toj thickness, tshiab zoo thiab fleshy qia ntev.

Txij li thaum kev faib khoom feem ntau lees txais qhov ntsuas qhov ua tau zoo qhuav, qhov ntim hloov pauv zoo heev tom qab ziab, tab sis qhov ntev tseem tsis hloov. Piv nrog rau cov qauv muab qhab nia nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm dhau los, qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas ntawm lub cev qia ntev hauv tus qauv no ntau dua li lwm cov qauv. Piv txwv li, raws li tus qauv muab los ntawm Chen Qingliang li al. [15], tag nrho tej zaum yuav raug muab faib ua qib thawj; Cov ntsuas tau qis dua li lwm cov qauv, raws li Yan Wei

Tus qauv ntawm lwm yam. [16] yuav tsum yog chav kawm thib ob lossis sib koom ua ke, thiab nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias cov qauv tsim los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb sib txawv yog qhov sib txawv heev. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum tus qauv tiag tiag raug muab qhab nia, txawm tias tag nrho cov qauv ntawm qee qib tau ua tiav los txiav txim siab qib, lossis muaj qee qhov tseem ceeb, thiab qib tuaj yeem muab qhab nia thaum qee qhov ntsuas tau txaus siab, thiab xav tau kev tshawb fawb ntxiv.

2 Kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb, qib thiab tus nqi ntawm Cistanche hauv khw muag khoom noj

2.1 Lag luam wholesale Cistanche

Tam sim no, Cistanche yog tsim nyob rau hauv Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia thiab lwm qhov chaw [4]. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 2020, tus sau tau tshawb xyuas thiab txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv tus nqi ntawm Cistanche deserticola hauv plaub lub khw muag tshuaj ntawm Anguo, Bozhou, Yulin thiab Hehuachi. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom nyob rau hauv Table 4. Cov khoom siv tshuaj sib txawv ua lag luam

Yuav luag tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm tus nqi ntawm Cistanche hauv khw. Txij li thaum xyoo 2018, tus nqi ntawm Cistanche deserticola muag hauv khw muag tshuaj tau hloov pauv tsawg dua thiab tus nqi ntsuas tau ruaj khov. Cistanche hauv Inner Mongolia, raws li thaj chaw tsim khoom tiag tiag ntawm Cistanche, muaj tus nqi siab tshaj ntawm Cistanche, uas yog siab li 150 yuan / kg; tus nqi ntawm Cistanche hauv Xinjiang yog qhov thib ob; Tus nqi ntawm Cistanche hauv Qinghai yog qhov qis tshaj, tsuas yog 60 yuan / kg, uas yog tsawg dua 50 feem pua ​​​​ntawm Inner Mongolia. Pawg tshawb fawb tau yuav Cistanche Cistanche los ntawm ntau lub hauv paus chiv keeb los ntawm Anguo Medicinal Material Market nyob rau theem pib. Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas pom tias Cistanche Cistanche uas tsim nyob rau hauv Qinghai yog qhov me me thiab raug txheeb xyuas tias yog C. salsa (CA Mey.) G. Beck. Txij li cov tsiaj qus thiab cog qoob loo Cistanche tsis yooj yim rau kev paub qhov txawv ntawm qhov zoo, cov qauv kev faib tawm ntawm cov tsiaj qus los yog cog rau hauv cov khoom siv tshuaj kho mob yuav tsis raug.

Raws nraim. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm qee cov khoom siv tshuaj yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas, xws li Cistanche pipiensis los ntawm Qinghai thiab Inner Mongolia. Lub Cistanche txawv teb chaws yog qus Cistanche, tejzaum nws yog ib tug sib tov ntawm suab puam Cistanche thiab salted Cistanche, feem ntau yog los ntawm Kazakhstan, uas ciam teb rau Xinjiang nyob rau hauv kuv lub teb chaws [5]. txij li xyoo 2000

Tom qab Cistanche tau teev tseg raws li ib hom tsiaj nyob rau hauv Appendix II ntawm Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna thiab Flora (CITES), nws txoj kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb tau tswj hwm. Raws li cov ntshuam thiab export ntim tau tshaj tawm thiab ua tiav los ntawm lub tuam txhab, qhov tseeb ntshuam ntim yog tsawg tshaj li qhov tshaj tawm ntshuam. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb yuav yog lub teb chaws xa tawm Kazakhstan

Kev txwv kev lag luam hauv zos hauv Saskatchewan thiab tus nqi qis dua rau Cistanche, cov nyiaj tsawg dua.

Table 4 Specifications, qib thiab nqi ntawm Cistanche deserticola los ntawm ntau qhov chaw

2. 2 Retail Cistanche

Cistanche tau suav nrog hauv "Catalogue of Substances that are Both Foods and Chinese Medicinal Materials Raws Li Kev Cai" los ntawm National Health Commission hauv 2018. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias ntxiv rau kev kho cov kab mob tshwj xeeb, tib neeg kuj tuaj yeem haus Cistanche deserticola txhua hnub. rau cov kev xav tau ntawm kev kho mob. Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau kev muag khoom Cistanche yog cov tsev muag tshuaj hauv tsev kho mob, khw muag tshuaj offline, thiab khw hauv online. Cov khw muag tshuaj Offline thiab cov tsev muag tshuaj hauv tsev kho mob muag Cistanche decoction pieces. Raws li kev saib xyuas tshuaj, lawv yuav tsum ua kom tau raws li cov qauv teev tseg hauv 2020 tsab ntawm Suav Pharmacopoeia. Cov txheej txheem txheej txheem yog siv raws li tus qauv specification los qhia txog keeb kwm, keeb kwm thiab lub neej txee; Cov khw muag khoom hauv online muag Feem ntau ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj thawj zaug ntawm cov suab puam cistanche raug xa tawm los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb thiab muag raws li cov khoom ua liaj ua teb, thiab lub hauv paus chiv keeb tsis tuaj yeem taug qab, tab sis ntau yam duab thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov suab puam cistanche tau ua tiav, thiab cov qauv kev muab qhab nia. muaj ntau dua.

Cov khw muag khoom offline feem ntau yog cov khw muag tshuaj thiab tsev kho mob. Cov neeg siv khoom yuav Cistanche deserticola los ntawm cov khw muag tshuaj feem ntau raws li cov tshuaj thiab lawv tus kheej xav tau; Cov kws kho mob hauv tsev kho mob feem ntau sau cov txheej txheem ua tiav raws li xyoo 2020 tsab ntawm Suav Pharmacopoeia, thiab tsis paub qhov txawv ntawm lub hauv paus lossis cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj. Qhov ntau npaum ntawm Cistanche deserticola nyob rau hauv daim ntawv tshuaj yog feem ntau yog 5-15 g, feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv me me pob ntawm decoction pieces, thiab qee lub tsev kho mob kuj muab cov mis granules. Tus nqi muag khoom ntawm Cistanche feem ntau yog ob npaug ntawm tus nqi muag khoom. Tag nrho Cistanche Cistanche yog ntsuas los ntawm qhov zoo ntawm ib lub cev. Qhov ntau dua qhov zoo ntawm tus kheej, tus nqi siab dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum lub khw muag cistanche, tus nqi ntawm tag nrho cistanche yog siab dua li ntawm cistanche slices, thiab ib feem ntawm cov hlais thiab cov txheej txheem ua yuav ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom zoo li, uas yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua ntawm tus nqi. Tom qab ziab hauv qhov ntxoov ntxoo los yog hnub ci qhuav, qhov ntim ntawm Cistanche yog txo qis, qhov saum npoo ntawm cov hlais yog pom tseeb tias shrunken, xim yog darkened, thiab tus nqi qis tshaj. Fresh-dried slices yog ntxuav thiab tev tom qab harvesting nyob rau hauv keeb kwm, hlais ua ntej thiab ces qhuav. Cov hlais saum npoo yog du, xim yog daj, thiab tus nqi yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab; , xim yog tsaus dua li cov tshiab thiab qhuav hlais, daj-xim av, thiab tus nqi yog siab tshaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee lub khw muag khoom kuj muag "agate slices" uas khov-qhuav tom qab steaming. Qhov saum npoo yog du thiab tawv, xim yog reddish-xim av, thiab crystal ntshiab. Tus nqi yog 1,400 yuan / kg, uas yog ob npaug ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov hlais zoo tib yam.

3 Kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov tshuaj zoo ntawm Cistanche deserticola thiab ntau yam ntawm Cistanche

3.1 Cov Ntsiab Cai ntawm Cistanche Tubulosa vs Cistanche Deserticola

Cov khoom siv tshuaj ntawm Cistanche suav nrog C. deserticola thiab C. tubulosa. Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, suab puam cistanche yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj qus.Cistanche tubulosayog ib qho nyuaj hauv kev ntxhib los mos thiab iab hauv saj. Nws tsis zoo li ib daim decoction, thiab tsis tau siv los ua cov khoom siv tshuaj ntawm cistanche. Nyob rau xyoo 1960, vim qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov suab puam cistanche, qhov ntau yam no maj mam pib siv los hloov cistanche thiab tau suav nrog xyoo 2005 ntawm Suav Pharmacopoeia. Yog li ntawd, raws li kev paub dhau los, qhov zoo ntawm Cistanche Cistanche tsis zoo li ntawm Cistanche suab puam.

Kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub tau pom tias cov ntsiab lus ntawmphenylethanol glycosides hauv Cistanche tubulosa yog qhov siab dua li ntawm Cistanche deserticola, thaum lub ntsiab lus ntawmpolysaccharidesthiab extracts yog opposite. Wang Liwei et al. [18] piv 14 phenylethanoid tebchaw hauv Cistanche deserticola nrog cov hauv paus sib txawv thiab pom tias cov ntsiab lus ntawmechinacoside cov tshuaj, lus verbascoside, tubuloside A thiab 2'-verbasin hauvCistanche deserticolatau ntau dua li cov hauv Cistanche deserticola, thiab qhov nruab nrab Cov ntsiab lus sib txawv los ntawm ntau tshaj kaum lub sij hawm, tab sis cov ntsiab lus ntawm lwm cov phenylethyl cawv glycosides xws li Cistanche A thiab Cistanche C yog tag nrho siab dua hauv Cistanche deserticola. Shi Ziyi et al. [19] ntsuas qhov ntawdCistanche tubulosatsis muaj betaine thiab sucrose, thaum cov ntsiab lus ntawm ob lub Cheebtsam hauv Cistanche deserticola kuj siab, thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm mannitol, fructose thiab qabzib tsis xwm yeem. Nkauj et al. [20] tau ua tiav kev sib piv ntawm cov tshuaj Cheebtsam ntawm Cistanche deserticola thiab Cistanche deserticola, thiab kuaj pom tag nrho ntawm 513 cov khoom thiab ntsuas lawv. Raws li tricarboxylic acid voj voog (TCA) metabolites xws li succinic acid, Cistanche deserticola yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv phenylethanoid glycosides xws li echinacoside, verbascoside, tuberosin A, cistanoside D thiab kankanoside K. Nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias ob qho tib si muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv hom thiab cov ntsiab lus. ntawm chemical Cheebtsam, uas yuav tsum tau distinguished nyob rau hauv kev kho mob daim ntawv thov.

Nyem qhov no kom tau txais Cov Qauv Dawb ntawm Cistanche Tubulosa Extract los ntawm Tuam Tshoj

Cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm phenylethyl cawv glycosides hauv Cistanche tubulosa muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo antioxidant thiab tiv thaiv kev laus, thiab nws feem ntau yog siv los ua cov khoom siv raw hauv Suav tshuaj patent thiab cov khoom noj qab haus huv.Cistanche tubulosayog siv los ua raw khoom los tsim cov tshuaj tshiab thib ob rau covkev kho mob vascular dementia; Cistanche deserticola muaj cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm polysaccharides thiab extracts, uas yog qhov zoo rau kev txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab ua kom lub plab zom mov, thiab feem ntau siv hauv kev kho mob thiab kev noj qab haus huv.

Cov khoom sib txawv Cistanche sib piv hauv khw

Yog li ntawd, nws tsis yog yuav tsum tau overemphasize qhov zoo sib piv ntawm ob, tsuas yog qhov txawv cov specifications. Hauv kev tshawb fawb kev lag luam, tus nqi ntawm cov suab puam Cistanche feem ntau yog ntau tshaj 3 npaug ntawm Cistanche tuberosa. Qhov no muaj feem xyuam rau lub voj voog cog luv luv thiab cov txiaj ntsig siab ntawm Cistanche Cistanche. Cov qoob loo ntawm Cistanche tuberosa yog tshiab 4500 kg·hm - 2

saum toj no, thaum lub suab puam cistanche tsuas yog 1500 kg·hm - 2 [6]. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Cistanche pipiensis muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau lub caij ntuj no, yog li nws yuav tsum tau sau ua ntej lub caij ntuj no ntau li ntau tau, thiab lub sijhawm cog yog 11 txog 20 lub hlis; Lub sijhawm cog ntawm Cistanche deserticola feem ntau yog ntau tshaj 2 mus rau 3 xyoos. Rau 3 xyoo dhau los, Cistanche Cistanche

Tus nqi ntawm Cistanche deserticola tau maj mam nce, los ntawm 18 yuan / kg hauv 2017 txog 32 yuan / kg hauv 2020; Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus nqi ntawm cov suab puam cistanche tau poob qis txhua xyoo, los ntawm 130 yuan / kg hauv 2017 txog 2020. 95 yuan / kg. Kev tsom xam ntseeg tias qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tshwm sim no yog tias tus nqi ntawm Cistanche pipiensis tau qis dhau ob peb xyoos dhau los, ua rau txo qis hauv thaj chaw cog qoob loo thiab txo cov qoob loo, uas yog ib qho kev hloov pauv ntawm kev ua lag luam. Tus nqi sib txawv ntawm Cistanche Cistanche thiab suab puam Cistanche yog lub hom phiaj thiab mus sij hawm ntev, thiab muaj me ntsis ua rau cov khoom siv tshuaj zoo.

3.2 Cov chaw qus thiab cog qoob loo ntawm Cistanche

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm Cistanche cultivation technology, tus nqi ntawm cov tsiaj qus excavation tau poob ib xyoos ib zaug. Hauv xyoo 2014, cov khoom tsim tawm ntawm Cistanche cistanche yog ntau tshaj 2.3 × 106 kg, suav txog ntau dua 80 feem pua ​​​​ntawm tag nrho cov zis ntawm Cistanche [6].Cistanche tubulosamuaj lub voj voog cog luv luv thiab loj tawm los, thiab feem ntau yog cog; thaum cov qoob loo ntawm Cistanche deserticola tseem tsis txaus siab, thiab lawv feem ntau yog los ntawm cov tsiaj qus.

Liu Wenjing et al. [21] siv ntau txoj hauv kev txheeb cais los txheeb xyuas cov hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1 H-NMR) spectra ntawm Cistanche Cistanche los ntawm kev cog qoob loo thiab cov tsiaj qus, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias tsis muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ob. Yang Xiumei et al. [22] tau taw qhia tias cov ntsiab lus polysaccharide ntawm cultivated cistanche yog qhov siab dua li cov tsiaj qus, thiab cov ntsiab lus echinacoside ntawm cov cistanche qus yog siab dua li cov cultivated sawv daws yuav, tab sis qhov sib txawv tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb statistically; Hauv kev sim tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm cov nas, qhov sib txawv ntawm ob tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb.

Tam sim no, Cistanche Cistanche tau teev npe raws li lub teb chaws thib ob-theem tseem ceeb tiv thaiv cov nroj tsuag qus, thiab tau suav nrog hauv CITES Appendix II. Nws muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm txoj cai lij choj thiab tsis raug cai mining lossis muag khoom raug txwv nruj heev. Pab neeg tshawb fawb pom tias cov tsiaj qus Cistanche stalks raug nyiag lawm, thiab muaj ib feem ntawm cov qus Cistanche nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam, thiab txawm tias cov khoom cog qoob loo yog tov nrog cov khoom qus. Tam sim no, kev cog qoob loo ntawm Cistanche hauv thaj tsam Alxa ntawm Inner Mongolia tau txais kev coj ua ntawm kev cog qoob loo qus, uas yog, 2 mus rau 3 xyoos ntawm kev cog qoob loo lossis ntuj Haloxylon ammonium ntoo raug xaiv. Nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb qhuav tej yam kev mob, watering thiab fertilizing yog tsis nqa tawm thaum lub sij hawm loj hlob. Hauv hom kev cog qoob loo no nrog kev cuam tshuam tib neeg tsawg, Cistanche deserticola tuaj yeem loj hlob ntawm nws tus kheej mus txog 3 xyoos lossis ntau dua, thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tsiaj qus thiab cog qoob loo tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb. Yog li ntawd, Cistanche deserticola cultivation los yog qus muaj me ntsis kev sib raug zoo nrog cov khoom siv tshuaj zoo.

3.3 Keeb kwm ntawm Cistanche

Cistanchefeem ntau yog muab faib rau hauv 5 lub xeev thiab cheeb tsam autonomous ntawm Inner Mongolia, sab qaum teb Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu thiab Ningxia;Cistanchetsuas yog muab faib rau hauv cov nroog ib ncig ntawm Taklimakan Suab puam sab qab teb ntawm Tianshan Roob hauv Xinjiang, yog li tsuas yog cov suab puam Cistanche suab puam yuav tsum tau paub qhov txawv. Cov keeb kwm sib txawv muaj cov huab cua sib txawv, thaj chaw ib puag ncig thiab cov ecosystems tshwj xeeb. Cistanche cistanche uas tsim nyob rau hauv Dao tau raug pov thawj nyob rau hauv kev kho mob txij thaum ancient sij hawm nrog zoo heev curative nyhuv thiab zoo zoo.

Huang Linfang et al.[23] kawm cov tshuaj thiab molecular geographic cim ntawm cov qauv los ntawm ob lub ntsiab tsim khoom ntawmCistanche tubulosanyob rau sab qaum teb Xinjiang thiab Inner Mongolia Alxa Plateau, raws li kev ua haujlwm siab ua kua chromatography-quadrupole lub sij hawm-ntawm-flight huab hwm coj spectrometry (UPLC -QTOF / MS) tau txheeb xyuas 16 lub tebchaw uas tau muab cais tawm hauv ntau hom kev tshuaj xyuas pawg. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov qauv ntawm ob qhov chaw tsim khoom kuj tseem tuaj yeem sib txawv hauv qhov kev soj ntsuam raws li chloroplast gene psbA-trnH, qhia tias Cistanche deserticola tau tsim ob lub ecotypes ruaj khov.

Tsis tas li ntawd, kev txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb (PCA) tau ua tiav ntawm cov txheej txheem ecological xws li nag lossis daus txhua xyoo, qhov nruab nrab kub thiab cov av noo nyob hauv ob qhov chaw. thiab cov cim qhia txog biochemical, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo thiab kev kho mob ntawm cov tshuaj. Kev tshawb fawb ntawm Zhao Zhihong et al. [24] kuj ua pov thawj qhov kev kwv yees. Nyob rau hauv kev sib piv ntawm 6 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm echinacoside, verbascoside, phenethyl cawv tag nrho glycosides, soluble polysaccharide, galactitol, thiab betaine, qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb

Kev sib txawv ntawm poj niam txiv neej, thiab tag nrho qib hauv Inner Mongolia yog qhov siab tshaj plaws hauv Taoist vaj tsev.

Nyob rau hauv cov khoom muag txuas, qhov zoo ntawmcistanche deserticolayog qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv Inner Mongolia, thiab tus nqi ntawm cov khoom yog siab dua 100 yuan / kg, thiab tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj ntawm lwm cov hauv paus chiv keeb yog 60-90 yuan / kg; Cistanche tubulosa tsis paub qhov txawv ntawm keeb kwm. Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm eco-geographical ib puag ncig, thaj chaw ib puag ncig ntawm Yinchuan, Ningxia thiab Alxa, Inner Mongolia yog qhov zoo sib xws, cais los ntawm Helan Toj siab nkaus xwb. Qhov chaw ntawm keeb kwm yog tib yam li Inner Mongolia. Kev tshawb fawb ntawm pab pawg tshawb fawb ntawm Cistanche suab puam hauv Ningxia kuj qhia tau tias qhov zoo ntawm cov suab puam Cistanche hauv Ningxia zoo dua. Yog li ntawd, kev faib tawm ntawm Cistanche deserticola ntau lawm cheeb tsam yuav tsum tau kho.

If you have any question, please send us Email: wallencesuen@wecistanche.com