Hauv kev ntsuam xyuas vitro ntawm cov probiotic feem ntau muaj peev xwm txhim kho txoj hnyuv plab hnyuv ua haujlwm thiab tiv thaiv cov kab mob hnyuv ntawm lub plab zom mov

4. Kev sib tham

Kev tswj xyuas kev ncaj ncees ntawm txoj hnyuv plab yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv qhov pib tsis yog ntawm cov kab mob hauv plab, tab sis kuj ntawm cov kab mob metabolic, autoimmune, thiab cov hlab ntsha tsis zoo [36,37]. Ntau cov kev tshawb fawb tau ua nyob rau hauv plab hnyuv mucosa tau qhia tias nws tiv thaiv tus tswv tsev los ntawm stimulation ntawm lub mechanisms ofinnate thiab tau txais kev tiv thaiv kab mob [38], thiab guarantees homeostasis ua tsaug rau kev saib xyuas ntawm microbiota tshuav [39].Lactobacilli yog probiotics feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv fermented. khoom noj thiab hauv plab microbiota ntawm tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu [40,41].

Nyem rau tam sim cem quav cov neeg laus

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, kev vam meej tau ua tiavNyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm cov mechanisms ntawm symbiosis ntawm cov kab mob lactic acid thiab tus tswv tsev.Lawv cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb tau pom tias suav nrog kev tswj hwm ntawm cov kab mob hauv plab hnyuv [42], ntxiv dag zog rau txoj hnyuv ua haujlwm [23,27,36. ], kev saib xyuas ntawm homeostasis [36,43], kev tswj ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob [43], thiab kev tsim cov neurotransmitters (gut-brain axis) [44]. Nws kuj tau pom tias exopolysaccharide (EPS) tsim los ntawm lactobacilli muaj lub peev xwm tshwj xeeb los hloov cov microbiota [45] thiab txhim kho cov colonization thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob plab hnyuv los ntawm kev ua cov pa roj carbon monoxide [46].

Tsis tas li ntawd, probiotics tuaj yeem sib tw nrog cov kab mob colonizing ntawm txoj hnyuv, tiv thaiv lawv cov adhesion, thiab inhibiting lawv txoj kev loj hlob vim qhov txo qis ntawm pH tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsim cov lactic acid [36]. kev cuam tshuam ntawm probiotics nrog lub plab hnyuv epithelium [47]; Hauv kev ua haujlwm no, peb tau siv cov qauv kev sim ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm plab hnyuv epithelial hlwb, Caco-2 thiab HT29-MTX, thiab peb tau tshuaj xyuas lawv cov kev cuam tshuam nrog ntau hom Lactobacillus spp. los txiav txim seb qhov twg ntawm cov kab no tau pom qhov ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws tiv thaiv lub plab hnyuv epithelium, los ntawm kev ntxiv dag zog rau kev tiv thaiv thiab txhawb kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab immunomodulating zog.

Kev xaiv los ua haujlwm nrog kev sib koom ua ke yog vim muaj ntau yam pov thawj: ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, lub transepithelial hluav taws xob tsis kam (TEER) yog ntau dua nyob rau hauv Caco-2 monolayers (txog 500 ohm cm2) dua li hauv tib neeg txoj hnyuv. (12–69 ohm cm2) vim yog kev qhia siab ntawm TJs; Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub plab hnyuv barrier yog tsim los ntawm ntau yam cellular phenotypes, xws li enterocytes, goblet hlwb, Paneth hlwb, endocrine hlwb, thiab qia hlwb. Lub co-culturemodel uas sib txuas ob lub cellular phenotypes loj pom nyob rau hauv lub plab, Caco-2 thiab mucus-secreting HT29-MTX, muab cov mucus-coated epithelial monolayer uas feem ntau zoo li cov xwm txheej tshwm sim hauv vivo.

Qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm tus qauv no tau qhia los ntawm Mahler li al. [48].Qhov kev xaiv ntawm hom kab mob yog vim lawv ua lag luam thiab muaj twb tau kawm ntau yam kev kawm; Qhov tseeb, L. brevis SP-48 yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov khoom lag luam (xws li, Florap pojniam) uas txhawb nqa qhov sib npaug ntawm txoj hnyuv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov zis. Ntxiv mus, peb txoj kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no tau qhia tias nws inhibit H. pylori thiab actedas ib qho kev hloov kho ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, txo cov kab mob uas muaj feem cuam tshuam txog kev kho mob plab hnyuv [49].

Ib yam li ntawd, qhov kev ua ntawm L. fermentum tau raug soj ntsuam nyob rau hauv lub plab epithelial cell qauv qhia txog kev hloov kho ntawm inflammatory cytokines thiab inhibition ntawm H. pylori [32]; Tsis tas li ntawd, lwm hom L. fermentum pom muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab immunomodulatoryproperties [50] .Lactobacillus. rhamnosus IMC 501 thiab Lactobacillus paracasei IMC 502 yog cov khoom lag luam muaj cov kab mob probiotic (xws li SYNBIO). Verdenelli thiab cov kws sau ntawv ua ke tau pom tias muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm ob hom kab mob, ua haujlwm ua ke, hauv plab hnyuv ntawm cov kev xeem, thiab kev txhim kho hauv lub cev tsis tu ncua thiab plab hnyuv noj qab haus huv [51,52].L. brevis ib txwm colonizes tib neeg plab hnyuv ib ntsuj av thiab nws tau pom toprovide ntau yam kev noj qab haus huv-stimulating teebmeem [53], ib co ntawm uas txhim khu mucosal barriefunction [54]. L. reuteri LR92 kuj tseem muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom lag luam thiab cov kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam tau pom tias nws txhim kho cov tsos mob colic hauv cov me nyuam mos yog tias tiv thaiv tau rau cov niam hauv lub hlis kawg ntawm cev xeeb tub [55].

Hauv thawj ntu ntawm kev ua haujlwm, peb thiaj li kho cov kab ke sib koom ua ke, uas tau sib txawv rau 21 hnub, nrog rau cov kab sib txawv ntawm Lactobacillus spp. rau 24 teev, thiab peb tau soj ntsuam, los ntawm PCR thiab ELISA kev soj ntsuam ntawm lub sijhawm tiag tiag, kev qhia theem ntawm TJs Occludin, Zonulin-1, thiab Claudin-1, thiab cov tshuaj tua kab mob peptide HBD-2 . Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tau tias tag nrho cov kab mob lactobacilli kuaj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm TJs, tshwj xeeb yog L. brevis thiab L. rhamnosus. Hais txog HBD-2, ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim peptide tau txais txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm L. reuteri.To soj ntsuam cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm lactobacilli, cov kab lis kev cai raug kho rau 24 teev nrog S. Typhimurium LPS ib leeg lossis ua ke nrog ntau hom,thiab cov kev qhia theem ntawm pro- thiab anti-inflammatory cytokines raug soj ntsuam siv PCR thiab ELISA assay tiag tiag.

Cov ntaub ntawv tau tshaj tawm tias, tshwj tsis yog rau IL-8 uas nws qhov kev nthuav qhia tsis tau hloov kho los ntawm L. fermentum thiab L. paracasei, tag nrho cov kab mob tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau kev nthuav tawm ntawm cov cytokines pro-inflammatory thiab ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cytokine TGF-. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tau txais, thiab txiav txim siab tias tag nrho cov kab mob probiotic tsom xam pom tias muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob tseem ceeb, peb tuaj yeem hais tias peb hom kab mob tshwj xeeb zoo li muaj txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb rau cov hnyuv mucosa: L. reuteri, uas tshwm sim rau nws lub peev xwm los txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob. Kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm kev txhawb nqa kev loj hlob ntawm HBD-2, L. rhamnosus, thiab L. brevis, uas tau nthuav tawm lub peev xwm los ntxiv dag zog rau txoj hnyuv, qhov tsim nyog rau kev kho kom raug ntawm ntau yam haujlwm, suav nrog kev nqus ntawm micronutrients thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm homeostasis.Nyob rau hauv qhov thib ob ntawm kev ua hauj lwm, peb thiaj li soj ntsuam lub peev xwm ntawm peb strainsto inhibit qhov adhesion thiab ntxeem tau ntawm S. Typhimurium thiab EIEC nyob rau hauv txoj hnyuv mucosa.

Rau lub hom phiaj no, kev soj ntsuam adhesion thiab ntxeem tau tau ua nyob rau hauv peb txoj kev sib txawv - txwv tsis pub, kev sib tw, thiab kev txav chaw - kom nkag siab txog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm lactobacilli thiab cov kab mob. Qhov tseeb, los ntawm preincubating nrog lactobacilli, lawv lub peev xwm los tsim cov bacteriocins thiab txo cov pH ntawm ib puag ncig tuaj yeem ua rau tua cov haujlwm uas inhibits adhesion ntawm cov kab mob; Ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov sib ntxiv ntawm ob hom tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib tw ntawm ob hom kab mob, ob qho tib si rau kev khi rau lub cellular receptor chaw thiab rau uptake ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus; Thaum kawg, qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov probiotic tom qab qhov adhesion ntawm cov kab mob tuaj yeem ua rau nws txav los ntawm qhov chaw sib txuas, kuj yog vim kev tua cov dej num los ntawm cov kab mob bacteriocins.

Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tau tias tag nrho peb hom kab mob inhibited EIEC adhesionin kev sib tw, thiab thaiv nws txoj kev ntxeem tau los ntawm kev sib tw thiab inhibition. Cov cwj pwm txawv no tuaj yeem yog vim tias lactobacilli tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev sib kis ntawm cov kab mob yog tias lawv tau txais kev tiv thaiv, thaum lawv tuaj yeem sib tw nrog nws; Txawm li cas los xij, ib zaug adhesion tau tshwm sim, qhov cuam tshuam kev ncaj ncees-txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm thelactobacilli (uas ua rau kom nruj-txoj kev qhia) tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam ntawm txoj hnyuv hauv plab. Raws li deb li S. Typhimurium muaj kev txhawj xeeb, txawm li cas los xij, kev ua haujlwm inhibition yog ua tiav nyob rau theem adhesion, ob qho tib si hauv inhibition thiab hauv kev sib tw, tej zaum vim tias nws tsis txhob nce cov adhesion ntawm cov kab mob, yog li txo qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob uas nkag mus rau hauv lub cev. plab hnyuv submucosa, uas tau txo qis heev. Hauv kev soj ntsuam kev hloov pauv, cov txiaj ntsig tau zoo tsis tau txais rau ob hom kab mob, tsis hais txog kev ua kom adhesion lossis ntxeem tau, qhia tau tias cov lactobacilliare tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv lawv cov kev tiv thaiv tawm tsam ob tus kab mob yog tias noj thaum tus kab mob twb tshwm sim lawm.

5. Cov lus xaus

Txawm hais tias kev siv cov tshuaj probiotic-raws li tau siv rau ntau xyoo, tsis ntev los no qhov kev txaus siab ntawm cov khoom lag luam no tau nce ntxiv vim muaj kev txaus siab rau pej xeem hauv kev siv cov txiaj ntsig / cov peev txheej [56].Nws tau nthuav dav pom tias lactobacilli yog probiotics. uas tuaj yeem pab txhawb kev saib xyuas cov haujlwm tseem ceeb rau kev pom kev noj qab haus huv hauv lub xeev; Txawm li cas los xij, cov kev tshawb fawb hauv vitro qhia tau hais tias cov kab mob probiotic sib txawv tuaj yeem ua qhov sib txawv ntawm cov epithelium thiab ntawm cov kab mob uas lawv cuam tshuam; Vim li no nws yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, thaum tsim cov tshuaj probiotic-based formulations, coj mus rau hauv kev xav txog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov kab mob thiab lawv cov kev npaj siv, kom tau txais consortia formulations tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm tus neeg mob.

Ntuj Herbal Tshuaj Rau Relieving cem quav-Cistanche

Cistanche yog ib tug genus ntawm parasitic nroj tsuag uas belongs rau tsev neeg Orobanchaceae. Cov nroj tsuag no paub txog lawv cov khoom siv tshuaj thiab tau siv hauv Cov Tshuaj Suav Tshuaj (TCM) rau ntau pua xyoo. Cov hom Cistanche feem ntau pom muaj nyob hauv thaj av qhuav thiab suab puam ntawm Tuam Tshoj, Mongolia, thiab lwm qhov chaw ntawm Central Asia. Cistanche nroj tsuag yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm lawv cov nqaij tawv, yellowish stems thiab muaj nuj nqis heev rau lawv cov txiaj ntsig kev noj qab haus huv. Hauv TCM, Cistanche ntseeg tau tias muaj cov khoom siv tonic thiab feem ntau yog siv los kho lub raum, txhim kho qhov tseem ceeb, thiab txhawb kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib deev. Nws kuj yog siv los daws cov teeb meem ntsig txog kev laus, qaug zog, thiab kev noj qab haus huv tag nrho. Thaum Cistanche muaj keeb kwm ntev ntawm kev siv tshuaj ib txwm siv, kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb txog nws txoj kev ua tau zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb yog tsis tu ncua thiab txwv. Txawm li cas los xij, nws paub tias muaj ntau yam bioactive tebchaw xws li phenylethanoid glycosides, iridoids, lignans, thiab polysaccharides, uas tuaj yeem ua rau nws cov teebmeem tshuaj.

Wecistanche covcistanche hmoov, cistanche ntsiav tshuaj, cistanche capsules, thiab lwm yam khoom tsim los sivsuab puamcistancheraws li cov khoom siv raw, txhua yam muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tshem tawm cem quav. Cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb yog raws li hauv qab no: Cistanche ntseeg tau tias muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tshem tawm cem quav raws li nws cov kev siv ib txwm siv thiab qee cov tshuaj uas nws muaj. Txawm hais tias kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb tshwj xeeb ntawm Cistanche qhov cuam tshuam rau cem quav yog txwv, nws tau xav tias muaj ntau lub tswv yim uas yuav ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txo tau cem quav. Laxative nyhuv:Cistanchetau ntev tau siv nyob rau hauv tsoos suav tshuaj raws li ib tug tshuaj rau cem quav. Nws ntseeg tau tias muaj cov nyhuv laxative me me, uas tuaj yeem pab txhawb kev zom zaub mov thiab ua rau cem quav. Cov nyhuv no tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau ntau lub tebchaw nyob hauv Cistanche, xws li phenylethanoid glycosides thiab polysaccharides. Moistening cov hnyuv: Raws li kev siv ib txwm siv, Cistanche suav hais tias muaj cov khoom siv moisturizing, tshwj xeeb yog tsom rau cov hnyuv. Txhawb nqa dej thiab lubrication ntawm cov hnyuv yuav pab tau cov cuab yeej soften thiab yooj yim dua, yog li no relieving cem quav. Anti-inflammatory Effect: cem quav tej zaum yuav txuam nrog o nyob rau hauv lub plab zom mov. Cistanche muaj qee qhov sib txuas, suav nrog phenylethanoid glycosides thiab lignans, uas ntseeg tau tias muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Los ntawm kev txo cov kab mob hauv cov hnyuv, nws tuaj yeem pab txhim kho kev zom zaub mov tsis tu ncua thiab txo qhov cem quav.