Yuav Ua Li Cas Cov Dej Extract Ntawm Cistanche txhawb plab hnyuv Peristalsis thiab txhim kho cem quav?
Mar 16, 2022
Shuai Yan, 1,2 Yin-zi Yue, 1 Xiao-peng Wang, 1 Hong Li Dong, 1 Shu-guang Zhen, 1 Ben-sheng Wu, 1 thiab Hai-hua Qian3
Cov tshuaj suav tshuaj tau tshaj tawm tias muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev kho mob cem quav. Txoj haujlwm no tau sim ua pov thawj cov teebmeem ntawm aqueous extracts ntawm HerbaCistanche(AEHC) ntawm kev kho STC thiab txiav txim siab cov txheej txheem ua tau los ntawm tus qauv loperamide-induced slow transit constipation (STC). HPLC tau ua rau kev txheeb xyuas thiab kev pom zoo ntawm cov khoom siv bioactive hauv AEHC. Nws tau pom tias AEHC tau txo qis STC cov lus teb raws li qhov nce fecal kom muaj nuj nqis, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov dej noo, thiab cov kab mob hauv plab hnyuv, nrog rau qib ntshav ntawm GAS, MTL, SS, thiab CGRP. Cov protein thiab mRNA qib ntawm c-cov khoom siv, sau npe ntawm cov hlwb interstitial ntawm Cajal (ICC), kuj nce ntxiv. Lub caij no, tsuas yog qib protein ntawm SCF, ligand ntawm ckit, nce. Kev tsom xam ntawm peb cov ntaub ntawv qhia tias AEHC tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm ICC los ntawm txoj kev taw qhia uas muaj PI3K, SCF, thiab c-kit thiab txhim kho colonic motility indices xws li GAS, MTL, SS, thiab CGRP. Nws yog qhov nthuav kom nco ntsoov tias AEHC tau tshwm sim rau kev cem quav, yog li kev sim ntxiv yog tsim nyog los qhia meej txog cov txheej txheem muaj feem cuam tshuam.
Yog xav paub ntxiv thov hu rau:Joanna.jia@wecistanche.com
acteoside hauv cistanche muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm antioxidant
1. Taw qhia
Kev cem quav yog ib yam kab mob ua rau plab hnyuv thiab teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv rau pej xeem, uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsis tu ncua nyuaj, tsis tu ncua, lossis tsis tiav defecation [1]. Feem ntau ntawm cem quav nws txawv ntawm 0.7 feem pua rau 81 feem pua nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov neeg laus [2, 3]. Slow transit constipation (STC) yog ib qho kev tsis txaus siab ntawm cov plab hnyuv siab raum ntawm 13-37 feem pua ntawm cov neeg mob uas muaj kev kho mob-ua rau cem quav [4, 5]. Cov ntaub ntawv kab mob kis tau qhia tias muaj qhov tshwm sim ntau dua ntawm STC ntawm cov poj niam hluas dua li txiv neej [6]. STC ua rau cem quav tsis zoo, qhia me ntsis cov lus teb rau kev saib xyuas kev kho mob thiab muaj kev nyiam ntawm cov kab mob neurodegenerative. Tsis yooj yim npaum li cov kab mob ua haujlwm, nws hu rau kev kho mob thiab mob hnyav [7].
Ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov tshuaj tam sim no xws li osmotic los yog secretory laxatives thiab bulking agents yog universally siv rau
kho cem quav [8], txawm hais tias lawv daim ntawv thov raug txwv vim kev siv nyiaj ntau thiab mob plab xws li mob, cramps, thiab tsam plab [9]. Tam sim no, txoj cai ntawm txoj hnyuv plab yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho cem quav. Cisapride yog thawj zaug tsim los ua tus neeg sawv cev txhawb nqa rau kev kho mob plab tab sis tom qab ntawd raug tshem tawm vim muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm plawv arrhythmias [10].
Tegaserod yog ib qho kev xaiv 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonist uas tuaj yeem txhawb txoj hnyuv peristalsis thiab zais cia [11, 12]. Prucalopride yog ib qho tshiab dihydro benzofuran carboxamide derivative thiab 5-HT receptor agonist nrog kev xaiv siab thiab tshwj xeeb, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho lub plab, plab hnyuv, thiab txoj hnyuv loj thiab ua haujlwm nrawm dua [13–15]. Raws li prostaglandin E1 derivative, lubiprostone tuaj yeem xaiv qhib CIC channel los txhawb kev zom zaub mov thiab ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm txoj hnyuv [16].
Motility hauv cem quav yog ib qho teeb meem thoob plaws, tab sis nws cov etiology tseem tsis tau meej meej. Txawm li cas los xij, cov pov thawj ntseeg tau pom tias muaj kev koom tes ntawm interstitial hlwb ntawm Cajal (ICC) rau cov kab mob ntawm cem quav [17]. ICC pom nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov paj hlwb thiab cov leeg nqaij du hauv plab hnyuv. ICC feem ntau tau lees paub tias yog cov pacemaker hlwb rau kev ua haujlwm hauv plab hnyuv thiab ua cov kab mob neuro-muscular kis tau tus mob [18]. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tias ICC qhov ntom ntom hauv cov nyuv ntawm cov neeg mob uas muaj cem quav qeeb yog qhov qis dua piv rau cov neeg mob ib txwm muaj [19]. Yog li, tus lej poob qis ntawm ICC tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tsis txaus ntawm kev ua haujlwm qeeb qeeb, yog li cuam tshuam rau kev cog lus teb thiab ua rau ncua kev thauj mus los hauv cov neeg mob cem quav qeeb. Txog rau qhov no, kev hloov pauv ntawm ICC siv cov tshuaj yuav yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev kho mob qeeb qeeb.
Ntau yam tshuaj ntsuab thiab tshuaj suav tshuaj- Mula tsis ntev los no tau txais kev mloog zoo li tshiab-fangled therapeutics rau kev kho mob cem quav vim kev txhim kho cov quav [20, 21]. HerbaCistancheyog ib qho tshuaj ntsuab tshuaj ntsuab siv los kho mob raum mob, poj niam tsis muaj menyuam, muaj mob menorrhagia, thiab impotence [22, 23]. HerbaCistanchetiv thaiv lub hlwb neuron apoptosis los ntawm kev qhia txog apoptosis ntsig txog yam thiab neurotrophic yam hauv MES23.5 hlwb [24]. Herba Cistanche kuj tau pom tias muaj peev xwm kho tau tus mob Yang-Qi raum-Yang Deficiency Syndrome. Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no tau pom tias HerbaCistanchence lub mitochondrial ua pa thiab glutathione antioxidant nyob rau hauv H9c2 cardiomyocytes [25].
TCM ntseeg hais tias cem quav muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog raum. Qhib ntawm qhov chaw mos thiab qhov quav, lub raum tswj kev tso zis thiab tso zis. Kev thauj mus los ntawm cov pov tseg cia siab rau kev txhawb nqa lub raum qi thiab kev noj haus ntawm lub raum yin. Yog tias lub raum yang tsis muaj lossis qhov hluav taws kub ntawm lub rooj vag tuag tawm, qhov mob khaub thuas ntawm txoj hnyuv loj yuav ua rau cov khoom pov tseg. Kev cem quav kuj yog tshwm sim los ntawm lub plab zom mov vim qhov tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm lub raum tsis ua kom muaj dej txaus [26].
HerbaCistancheyog ib hom tshuaj ntsuab sib koom ua ke, uas yog qab zib thiab qab ntsev hauv tsw thiab sov hauv qhov xwm txheej. Attributive rau cov hnyuv loj thiab raum meridians, nws muaj peev xwm tonify raum yang thiab moisten cov hnyuv kom txo tau cem quav. Cov tshuaj ntsuab no thiab nws cov tshuaj suav tshuaj tau dav siv los kho cem quav nrog kev ua tau zoo heev [27].
Hauv Suav teb, cov teebmeem ntawm HerbaCistanchecov hauv paus hniav ntawm cem quav tau sau tseg [28, 29] thiab xa mus rau hauv Shen Nong's Suav Materia Medica li "qhuav succulent stems ntawm lubCistanchehom" [30]; Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshawb fawb pov thawj ntawm cov nyhuv ntawm HerbaCistancheCov hauv paus hniav ntawm cem quav tsis tau muaj nyob rau tam sim no, cov tshuaj kho mob tau zoo yog 20 g ib hnub hauv Suav Pharmacopoeia, thiab cov kev kho mob tsis tau nce ntxiv nrog cov tshuaj.
Los ntawm HerbaCistanchetsis tshua muaj [31], standardizing nws qhov chaw kho mob ntau npaum li cas rau kev kho mob ntawm STC los ntawm kev sim kawm tsis tsuas yog tiv thaiv tsis tau kev kho mob vim tsis txaus noj, tab sis kuj ua rau cov neeg mob nyob deb ntawm kev lag luam poob thiab txawm siv tshuaj tsis zoo los ntawm kev siv ntau dhau. Peb vam
cov txiaj ntsig tuaj yeem tsim lub hauv paus kev tshawb fawb rau cov tshuaj tshiab rau cem quav. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los soj ntsuam cov aqueous HerbaCistanche covKev ua haujlwm ntawm txoj hnyuv txhawb nqa thiab nws qhov kev ua ntawm ICC hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no.
2. Cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem
2.1. Kev npaj ntawm Aqueous Extract ntawm Herba Cistanche.
Tag nrho HerbaCistanchetau yuav los ntawm Nanjing Haichang Suav Tshuaj Group Co., Ltd. (Nanjing, Tuam Tshoj), uas tau sau, sau, thiab ua raws li tus qauv ethnobotanical coj los ntawm cov cog hauv thaj tsam Sinkiang ntawm Tuam Tshoj. Tus kheej ntawm cov nroj tsuag tau txheeb xyuas morphologically los ntawm xibfwb Tu Lin Lu ntawm Nanjing University of suav tshuaj, Nanjing, Suav. Daim ntawv pov thawj (NUCMCHS{0}}) tau muab tso rau hauv College of Health Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Suav.
Slices ntawm HerbaCistanche, hnyav 500 g, tau pulverized siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob thiab muab rho tawm hauv 5000 ml dej distilled, tom qab ntawd cov aqueous extract tau huv ntawm 100 C rau 2 h siv cov khoom siv circulating extraction.
membrane pore (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA), thiab cov residue tau los ntawm cov extracts tau yaj nyob rau hauv 4000 ml dej. Tom qab reflux extraction, cov extracts tau sau thiab evaporated kom tau txais cov qauv khoom kawg. Aqueous extracts tau concentrated rau qhuav pellets (1 g / ml) siv a
rau kev siv tom ntej. Cov qauv khoom tau rov tsim dua hauv cov dej distilled kom muab cov koob tshuaj uas xav tau ntawm 10, 20, thiab 40 mg / kg lub cev hnyav rau qhov kev sim.
2.2. Tsiaj.
Cov txheej txheem sim siv hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb no tau raug tshuaj xyuas thiab pom zoo raws li cov txheej txheem kev coj ncaj ncees thiab kev saib xyuas kev tshawb fawb los ntawm Suzhou Tsev Kho Mob ntawm Kev Kho Mob Suav-Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, Suzhou, Suav Teb (SHTCM-IAACUC; pom zoo naj npawb: PNU{{2} }). Txhua tus txiv neej nas (Sprague Dawley strain) nrog ag tau yuav los ntawm Shanghai Laboratory Tsiaj Research Center raws li cov lus qhia ntawm National Institutes of Health. Cov tsiaj muaj kev nkag tau dawb rau kev noj zaub mov zoo (AIN-93 M) thiab kais dej ad libitum thiab tau nyob ib leeg nyob rau hauv stainless-steel feem pua ntawm cov av noo, thiab raug rau 12 teev ntuj lub teeb thiab 12 teev tsaus ntuj txhua hnub.
2.3 Kev sim tsim.
Loperamide tau siv los ua kom cem quav hauv nas raws li kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los [32, 33]. Tag nrho ntawm 60 nas raug muab faib ua 5 pawg (ib pab pawg): A: ib pab pawg (NG), B: pawg qauv (Lop plus pab pawg kho tsheb), C: ib pawg ntawm cem quav nas kho nrog cov kua dej qis ntawm Herba Cistanche (Lop plus LAEHC-kho pab pawg), D: ib pawg ntawm cem quav nas kho nrog nruab nrab aqueous extract ntawm Herba Cistanche (Lop plus MAEHC-kho pab pawg), thiab E: ib pawg ntawm cem quav nas kho nrog siab aqueous extract ntawm Herba Cistanche (Lop plus HAEHC-kho pab pawg). Pab pawg A tau kho nrog cov ntsev ib txwm (10 ml / kg); Pab pawg B tau kho nrog loperamide
(4 mg / kg); Pab pawg C tau kho nrog loperamide (4 mg / kg) thiab tsis tshua muaj aqueous extract ntawm Herba Cistanche (1 g / kg); Pab pawg D tau kho nrog loperamide (4 mg / kg) thiab nruab nrab aqueous extract ntawm Herba Cistanche (2 g / kg), thiab Pab pawg E tau kho nrog loperamide (4 mg / kg) thiab siab aqueous extract ntawm Herba Cistanche (4 g /. kg). Tag nrho cov nas los ntawm cov pab pawg ib txwm raug txhaj nrog 0.9 feem pua sodium chloride, thaum lwm tus tau txhaj nrog loperamide hauv 0.9 feem pua sodium chloride ob zaug ib hnub rau 3 hnub sib law liag kom cem quav. Lub aqueous extract ntawm Herba Cistanche raug tshem tawm hauv dej thiab tau hais lus ib zaug ib hnub los ntawm hnub 4 txog rau hnub 18 hauv Pab Pawg C, Pawg D, thiab Pab Pawg E, thaum Pawg A thiab B tau txais cov dej zoo ib yam ntawm gavage.
2.4. Chromatographic mob.
HPLC profiling tau ua nyob rau hauv Shimadzu Liquid Chromatographic System (Tokyo, Nyiv), muaj xws li ib tug LC -20AT twj tso kua mis thiab ib tug
tau saib xyuas ntawm 330 nm ntawm 30 C. The isocratic mobile theem muaj methanol 0.1 feem pua formic acid (80: 20, v/v) thiab khiav ntawm 1.0 ml / min . Chromatographic sib cais yog
particle loj 5 m, Beijing Dikma Science thiab Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, Suav).
2.5. Kev soj ntsuam ntawm kev tawm dag zog, noj zaub mov, noj dej, lub cev
Cov pos hniav arable (ib qho aqueous suspension ntawm 20 feem pua charcoal thiab 10 feem pua cov pos hniav arable) tau muab qhov ncauj ntawm qhov ntim ntawm 25 ml / kg ntawm txhua tus tsiaj. Tom qab 30 feeb, cov tsiaj tau muab txi rau tib neeg los ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam dislocation thiab dissected. Cov hnyuv me los ntawm pylorus mus rau cecum tau hla mus thiab qhov kev ncua deb npog los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab qhov ntev ntawm tag nrho cov hnyuv tau ntsuas. Rau ib tus neeg nas, qhov feem pua ntawm txoj hnyuv tau raug xam raws li qhov feem pua ntawm kev mus los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas cuam tshuam rau tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm txoj hnyuv. Cov kab zauv hauv qab no suav cov kab mob hauv plab hnyuv (feem pua): qhov deb tau taug kev los ntawm cov hluav taws xob / qhov deb ntawm pylorus mus rau cecum 100 feem pua.
2.6. Ntshav kuaj thiab cov ntaub so ntswg. Thaum kawg ntawm lub sijhawm sim, nas tau raug yoo mov 12 teev tab sis tau tso cai nkag mus rau dej dawb. Tag nrho cov nas tau muab tshuaj loog 30 feeb tom qab los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj intraperitoneal ntawm sodium pentobarbital (50 mg / kg) thiab muab tso rau ntawm lub rooj ntsuas kub. Cov ntshav kuaj tau sau thiab centrifuged ntawm 3500 rpm rau 15 feeb kom tau cov ntshav. Cov hnyuv tau muab faib tam sim ntawd thiab yaug nrog cov ntsev ib txwm ntawm 4 C thiab muab faib ua ob daim. Ib qho tawg tau kho hauv 10 feem pua ntawm formalin thiab ua tiav hauv kev sib cais paraffin rau kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas immunohistochemical (IHC), thaum lwm qhov yog Nyhav, thiab plaub hau. Kev hloov pauv hauv kev tawm dag zog, noj zaub mov, dej
khaws cia ntawm 80 C kom txog thaum lawv tau soj ntsuam. Kev noj haus, lub cev hnyav, thiab cov plaub hau raug soj ntsuam thiab sau tseg txhua hnub thoob plaws lub sijhawm sim. Peb tau pom "kev hloov pauv hauv kev tawm dag zog" ua raws li cov kauj ruam tshwj xeeb: lub thawv ua tus kheej (60 cm siab, 50 cm ntev, thiab 80 cm dav nrog cov phab ntsa tsaus nti) yog siv rau kev sim qhib qhov chaw; cov av dawb tau muab faib ua pob zeb diamond (12 cm) los ntawm cov kab dub hauv chav tsaus nti thiab ntsiag to; ib lub teeb 100 W dai 1 m saum nruab nrab ntawm lub thawv; cov nas tau muab tso rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub thawv rau hnub 4, 6, 12, thiab 18 hnub ntawm kev ua qauv. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov squares uas nas hla dhau li ntawm 5 feeb yog siv raws li cov qhab nia ntawm txoj kab rov tav thiab lub sij hawm ntawm cov nas nyob hauv 5 feeb yog siv los ua cov qhab nias ntsug. Kab rov tav thiab txav cov qhab nia ntxiv rau cov qhab nias ntsug taw qhia txog qhov kev tawm dag zog ntawm cov nas. Txhua tus nas raug ntsuas ib zaug [34, 35].
2.7. Fecal Parameter ntsuas.
Hnub kawg ntawm kev tswj hwm qhov ncauj, cov quav pellets tshiab los ntawm txhua tus nas SD tau muab sau rau hauv cov kab hauv qab hauv qab rau 6 teev, thiab tag nrho qhov hnyav ntawm txhua pab pawg tau sau tseg. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab cov ntsiab lus fecal noo noo, peb siv qhov hluav taws xob sib npaug kom qhuav cov quav pellets kom txog thaum qhov hnyav tas li thiab ntsuas qhov hnyav qhuav. Cov dej noo
2.8. Kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm GAS, MTL, SS, thiab CGRP.
Kev tsom xam ntawm gastrin (GAS), motilin (MTL), somatostatin (SS), thiab calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) hauv cov ntshav tau kwv yees los ntawm ELISA siv cov khoom siv muag khoom.
2.9. Histological Analysis.
Transverse colons sau los ntawm SD nas raug kho nrog 10 feem pua formalin rau 12 h, embedded
m tuab slices uas tau stained nrog hematoxylin thiab eosin (H&E, Sigma- Aldrich, MO, USA). Morphological nta ntawm cov seem no tau pom nyob rau hauv lub teeb microscopy, tom qab ntawd lub villus ntev, crypt thickness, thiab cov leeg nqaij tuab tau ntsuas siv Leica Application Suite (Leica Microsystems, Switzerland).
2.10. Immunohistochemical Analysis.
Peb ua raws li txoj kev ntawm Zhu et al. (2016) [36]; unstained 5 m seem tau
stained nrog luav anti-c-kit (1: 100) ntawm 4 C thaum hmo ntuj. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thib ob thiab avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex txoj kev tau siv raws li cov chaw tsim khoom cov lus qhia. Ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv immunoglobulin-tsis zoo tau siv los tshem tawm cov kev sib khi tsis tshwj xeeb. Kev nthuav qhia theem ntawm c-kit
2.11. Kev soj ntsuam ntawm plab hnyuv Transit Rate.
Txoj hnyuv hloov pauv tau ua raws li cov txheej txheem qhia yav dhau los [36]; luv luv, tom qab 14 hnub ntawm kev kho mob, txhua tus nas SD tau yoo mov 12 teev tab sis tau tso cai nkag mus rau dej dawb.
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction. Gene qhia theem ntawm c-kit, SCF, thiab PI3K mRNAs hauv txoj hnyuv tau txiav txim siab siv tag nrho RNA cov khoom siv rho tawm (TIANGEN Biotech,
Beijing, Tuam Tshoj) raws li cov chaw tsim khoom cov txheej txheem. Real-time PCR tau ua nrog ABI StepOnePlus Real-Time PCR System (ABI). SYBR Green I Real-Time PCR Master Mix (QPK201, Toyobo, Nyiv) tau siv los kuaj xyuas cov khoom PCR. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau ua nyob rau hauv triplicate khiav. Tom qab ntawd, cov nqaij nyug nyuj tshiab uas hnyav 0.5 g yog homolog-
l) tau muab rho tawm raws li cov chaw tsim khoom cov lus qhia siv TRIzol Reagent (Invitrogen, USA). Cov khoom siv thim rov qab-PCR (Takara Biotechnology Co., Inc.) tau siv los ua ke thawj strand ntawm cDNA raws li cov chaw tsim khoom raws tu qauv. Tag nrho cov phiaj xwm tsis muaj nyob rau hauv Table 1. Cov txheej txheem kev caij tsheb kauj vab yog nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hauv qab no: 95 C rau 5 min (DNA denaturation), ua raws li 40 cycles ntawm 95 C rau 15 s, 60 C rau 20 s, thiab 72 C rau 40s ib. Ib qho kev ntsuas kev sib tw melting tau ua thaum kawg ntawm lub voj voog amplification.
2.12. Western Blot Analysis.
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom siv c-cov khoom siv thiab SCF hauv cov qauv hnyuv homogenates tau soj ntsuam los ntawm Western blot. Hauv luv luv, tag nrho cov proteins ntawm homogenates tau txiav txim siab siv cov tshuaj bicinchoninic acid (Pierce Biotechnology, Rockford, IL, USA). Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel (SDS-PAGE) tau siv los cais cov tub ntxhais hluas hauv BioRad electrophoresis system (BioRad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA). Cov proteins tau raug xa mus rau polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) daim nyias nyias. Tom qab 2 teev kev kho mob nrog kev thaiv cov kab mob hauv TBS uas muaj 5 feem pua cov mis tsis muaj rog nyob rau hauv chav sov, PVDF daim nyias nyias tau ua rau ib hmos nrog 1 : 1000 diluted anti-c-kit (Santa Cruz, CA, USA), 1 : 500 diluted anti- SCF (Sigma, MO,
Tebchaws Asmeskas), thiab 1: 8000 diluted anti-actin (Kangchen, Shanghai, Tuam Tshoj) cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, feem. Kev khi ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thawj zaug tau kuaj pom siv cov HRP-conjugated secondary antibody (Beyotime, Jiangsu, Suav). Cov khoom siv kho mob zoo tshaj plaws (Pierce Biotechnology Inc., Rockford, IL, USA) thiab Odyssey Infrared Imaging System (Gene Company Ltd., Hong Kong) tau siv rau kev tshawb nrhiav chemiluminescence. Kev tu tsev hauv tsev prolactin tau siv los tswj kev thauj khoom. Tus nqi ntawm cov protein qhia tau nthuav tawm txheeb ze rau qib ntawm actin.
2.13. Kev txheeb cais.
Cov ntaub ntawv ntsuas tau raug tshaj tawm raws li tus qauv kev ua yuam kev ntawm qhov nruab nrab (SEM) thiab txheeb xyuas los ntawm SPSS
16.0 software (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). Ib-txoj kev tsom xam ntawm qhov sib txawv (ANOVA) ua raws li Duncan ntau qhov kev xeem tau siv los txiav txim siab qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv txhua qhov ntsuas. Cov nqi raug suav hais tias yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm
3. Cov txiaj ntsig
3.1. Muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm Herba Cistanche.
Raws li pom nyob rau hauv daim duab 1, cov hauv paus hniav ntawm Herba Cistanche muaj siab concentrations ntawm ob peb bioactive Cheebtsam muaj feem xyuam rau laxative teebmeem. Qhov siab ntawm tag nrho echina-cosides thiab tag nrho verbacosides yog 0.64 mg / g thiab 0.16 mg / g, raws li. Ob lub ncov qhia tias qib siab echinacoside thiab verbascoside tau kuaj pom hauv LP ntawm lub sijhawm khaws cia los ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab ua kua chromatography (HPLC).
3.2. General Observation.
SP nas tsis tuag thoob plaws hauv chav kawm ntawm qhov kev sim, qhia tias muaj kev ruaj ntseg zoo dua thiab kev ua haujlwm - lub peev xwm ntawm tus qauv tsiaj. Piv nrog rau Pab Pawg A, cov nas nyob hauv cov qauv pab pawg tau pom cov plaub hau fluffy, lassitude, cov quav qhuav, thiab
mob zuj zus nrog kev ncua sijhawm ntawm kev ua qauv.
3.3. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm AEHC ntawm cov quav nab thiab cov ntsiab lus noo noo hauv Loperamide-Induced Constipation nas.
Piv nrog rau cov quav ib txwm muaj, cov quav hauv pawg B, C, D, thiab E tau qhuav, me me, thiab tawv thiab tsis hlawv ua ntej kho.
Tom qab tag nrho, cov nas tsuag tau txhaj tshuaj loperamide (kho nrog tshuaj tau txo cov tsos mob ntawm lub cev thiab 3(b)).
qhov hnyav tsis txawv ntawm txhua pawg sim, txawm hais tias Pawg E tau pom tias lub cev hnyav dua li lwm pab pawg (Daim duab 2(a)). Tsis tas li ntawd, SD nas nrog cem quav tau noj zaub mov tsawg dua li Pawg A (), thaum qhov sib txawv ntawm Pawg B, C, D, thiab E (Daim duab 2(b)) tsis tseem ceeb. Kev siv dej kuj tsis hloov pauv ntawm Pawg A thiab Pab Pawg B. Ntxiv mus, tsis pom muaj qhov nce ntxiv ntawm kev siv dej hauv
qhov kev kho mob nrog AEHC tsis ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv. Txawm hais tias cov kab mob hauv plab hnyuv hauv pawg C, D, thiab kuj tseem muaj ntau dua Pawg C, D, thiab E muaj qhov sib piv tsawg dua li Pawg A.
3.4. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm AEHC ntawm Cov Kab Mob Me Me Hauv Cov Kab Mob Me Me hauv Loperamide-Induced Constipation nas.
Raws li pom los ntawm daim duab 4, tsis muaj qhov sib txawv tau pom nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm txoj hnyuv me hauv lub sijhawm ntawm cov tsib pawg. Pab pawg B muaj qhov pom tau tias qis dua cov hmoov hluav taws xob hauv qhov sib piv nrog Pab Pawg A (𝑃 < 0="" 01).="" txawm="" hais="" tias="" cov="" kab="" mob="" hauv="" plab="" hnyuv="" hauv="" pawg="" c,="" d,="" thiab="" e="" kuj="" tseem="" muaj="" ntau="" dua="" li="" ntawm="" pawg="" b="" (𝑃="">< 0.05),="" pawg="" c,="" d,="" thiab="" e="" muaj="" qhov="" sib="" piv="" tsawg="" dua="" li="" pawg="">
3.5. Kev cuam tshuam nrog AEHC Ib Feem Txhim Kho Colonic Motility Index Function.
Cov qib ntshav ntawm GAS thiab MTL tau los ntawm Pab Pawg B nas tau txo qis dua piv nrog cov los ntawm Pawg A (𝑃 < {{0}}}01,="" resp.).="" ntawm="" qhov="" tod="" tes,="" pawg="" c,="" d,="" thiab="" e="" (𝑃="">< 0.05,="" resp.)="" tau="" muaj="" txiaj="" ntsig="" zoo="" ntawm="" gas="" thiab="" mtl="" los="" ntawm="" kev="" tswj="" hwm="" ntawm="" herba="" cistanche="" extracts="" piv="" nrog="" pab="" pawg="" b.="" .="" cov="" nqi="" ss="" hauv="" pab="" pawg="" b="" nas="" tau="" siab="" dua="" piv="" nrog="" pab="" pawg="" a="" (𝑃="">< 0.01);="" pawg="" c,="" d,="" thiab="" e="" tau="" txo="" qis="" ntawm="" ss="" (𝑃="">< 0.05)="" (daim="" duab="" 5).="" piv="" nrog="" rau="" cov="" nas="" cem="" quav,="" cov="" qib="" cgrp="" hauv="" pab="" pawg="" a="" ib="" txwm="" nas="" (𝑃="">< 0.01)="" thiab="" hauv="" herba="" cistanche-tswj="" pawg="" c,="" d,="" thiab="" e="" tau="" tas="" li="" (𝑃=""> 0.05).
3.6. Histological Alteration ntawm Colon.
Txhawm rau tshawb xyuas seb qhov kev kho mob AEHC tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm txoj hnyuv, qhov ntev ntawm lub villus, crypt txheej tuab, thiab cov leeg nqaij tuab tau ntsuas hauv cov hlab ntsha ntawm cov nas hauv tsib pawg tom qab H&E staining. Los ntawm kev sib piv cov kab mob ntawm txoj hnyuv ntawm cov nas nyob rau hauv txhua pab pawg, cov colonic mucosa yog du thiab muaj cov hlab ntsha me me thiab cov hlab ntsha me me hauv submucosa thiab ntau cov hlwb adipose. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov leeg nqaij muaj cov leeg nqaij du thiab cov subserosa tau ua tiav. Qhov nruab nrab ntev ntawm lub villus yog luv luv nyob rau hauv pab pawg B dua li nyob rau hauv pab pawg A (𝑃 < {{0}}}01).="" txawm="" li="" cas="" los="" xij,="" qhov="" nruab="" nrab="" ntev="" ntawm="" lub="" tsev="" nyob="" hauv="" pawg="" c="" tau="" nce="" ntau="" dua="" 30="" feem="" pua="" thaum="" piv="" nrog="" pawg="" b="" (figures="" 6="" thiab="" 7)="" (𝑃="">< 0.05).="" lub="" caij="" no,="" qhov="" nruab="" nrab="" ntev="" ntawm="" lub="" villus="" nce="" ntau="" hauv="" pawg="" d="" thiab="" e="" thaum="" piv="" nrog="" pawg="" b="" (figures="" 6(a)="" thiab="" 6(b))="" (𝑃="">< 0.01).="" tsis="" tas="" li="" ntawd,="" kev="" hloov="" pauv="" ntawm="" cov="" leeg="" nqaij="" tuab="" zoo="" ib="" yam="" li="" qhov="" ntev="" ntawm="" villus.="" hauv="" pab="" pawg="" b,="" cov="" leeg="">
Nws yog qhov hnyav dua thaum piv nrog Pawg A. Txawm li cas los xij, cov leeg nqaij tuab hauv pawg C, D, thiab E tau nce los ntawm 30-35 feem pua ntawm cov pab pawg B (Daim duab 6 thiab 7). Zuag qhia tag nrho, cov kev tshawb pom no qhia tau hais tias AEHC tuaj yeem ua rau qhov ntev ntawm lub villus thiab cov leeg nqaij tuab hauv cov nyuv ntawm cem quav.
3.7. Kev tswj hwm ntawm AHEC Kev Kho Mob Ntxiv Protein nthuav qhia ntawm c-Kit thiab SCF.
Lub immunoreactivity ntawm nws tau kuaj pom nyob rau hauv txoj hnyuv raws li cov hlwb hauv txhua pab pawg tau kuaj pom zoo rau c-kit. Raws li pom nyob rau hauv daim duab 8, qhov kev qhia theem ntawm c-cov khoom siv hauv pab pawg B yog qis dua li hauv Pawg A (𝑃 < 0.05).="" kev="" qhia="" theem="" ntawm="" c-kits="" hauv="" pab="" pawg="" c="" tau="" siab="" dua="" li="" hauv="" pawg="" b="" (𝑃="">< 0="" {{20}}}5),="" thaum="" muaj="" ntau="" c-kits="" nyob="" hauv="" pawg="" d="" thiab="" e="" dua="" hauv="" pab="" pawg="" b="" (𝑃="">< 0.05).="" tom="" qab="" kev="" kho="" mob="" nrog="" ntau="" qhov="" sib="" txawv="" ntawm="" aqueous="" extract="" ntawm="" herba="" cistanche="" rau="" 2="" lub="" lis="" piam,="" cov="" protein="" qhia="" theem="" ntawm="" c-kit="" thiab="" scf="" tau="" kuaj="" pom="" los="" ntawm="" western="" blot="" tsom.="" western="" blot="" tsom="" xam="" pom="" tias="" c-kit="" thiab="" scf="" qhia="" qib="" tau="" qis="" dua="" tom="" qab="" kev="" kho="" mob="" loperamide="" hauv="" cov="" nyuv="" ntawm="" nas="" (daim="" duab="" 9).="" daim="" duab="" 8(e)="" qhia="" tau="" hais="" tias="" qhov="" txo="" qis="" c-cov="" khoom="" siv="" hauv="" cov="" nas="" cem="" quav="" tau="" nce="" 31.2="" feem="" pua="" tom="" qab="" kho="" cov="" nas="" nrog="" 500="" 𝜇g/ml="" aehc="" (𝑃="">< 0.05).="" tsis="" tas="" li="" ntawd,="" kev="" kho="" mob="" nrog="" 100="" thiab="" 200="" g="" ml="" aehc="" elevated="" c-kit="" protein="" qhia="" qib.="" scf="" protein="" qhia="" tau="" nce="" ntxiv="" los="" ntawm="" 20.1,="" 24.7,="" thiab="" 8.4="" feem="" pua="" ntawm="" kev="" kho="" mob="" nrog="" 100,="" 200,="" thiab="" 500="" 𝜇g/ml="" aehc,="" raws="" li="" (daim="" duab="" 9).="" 3.8.="" qhov="" cuam="" tshuam="" ntawm="" aehc="" ntawm="" mrna="" kev="" qhia="" ntawm="" c-kit,="" scf,="" thiab="" pi3k.="" txhawm="" rau="" tshawb="" xyuas="" seb="" aehc="" kev="" kho="" mob="" puas="" tuaj="" yeem="" cuam="" tshuam="" rau="" kev="" tswj="" hwm="" ntawm="" mrna="" ntsig="" txog="" cov="" leeg="" nqaij,="" kev="" hloov="" pauv="" hauv="" c-kit,="" scf,="" thiab="" pi3k="" qhia="" qib="" tau="" pom="" nyob="" rau="" hauv="" cov="" kab="" mob="" ntawm="" cem="" quav="" nas="" siv="" cov="" primers="" tshwj="" xeeb.="" cov="" txiaj="" ntsig="" tau="" pom="" tias="" mrna="" qib="" ntawm="" c-cov="" khoom="" siv="" hauv="" pawg="" b="" tau="" qis="" dua="" piv="" nrog="" pawg="" a="" (𝑃="">< 0.05),="" thaum="" qib="" mrna="" hauv="" pawg="" c,="" d,="" thiab="" e="" tau="" siab="" dua="" hauv="" pawg="" b="" (𝑃="">< 0.05)="" (daim="" duab="" 10).="" peb="" kuj="" tau="" kuaj="">
kev nthuav qhia ntawm SCF, lub ligand ntawm cov khoom siv. Qhov kev qhia mRNA ntawm SCF hauv pab pawg B nas tau qis dua hauv Pawg A, thaum kho nrog AEHC hauv Pawg C, D, thiab E tau nce SCF mRNA kev qhia (Daim duab 10). Tsis tas li ntawd, peb tau tshuaj xyuas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm AEHC ntawm PI3K gene qhia. Hnub tim 14, PI3K gene qhia theem tau nce siab dua hauv Pawg C, D, thiab E dua li ntawm Pawg B (𝑃 <>
4. Kev sib tham
Kev cem quav yog ib qho teeb meem uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua tsis zoo ntawm plab hnyuv. Nws txo qis lub neej zoo thiab ua rau muaj kev lag luam loj loj rau cov neeg mob thiab kev pov hwm kev noj qab haus huv hauv tebchaws [32]. Cov khoom lag luam ntuj thiab cov zaub mov noj tam sim no nyiam qhov kev xav ntau ntxiv vim tias lawv lub peev xwm los ua cov tshuaj tshiab siv los kho cem quav [37, 38]. Yog li, peb tau kawm txog kev kho mob ntawm AEHC ntawm loperamide-induced constipated nas. Loperamide, atropine-diphenoxylate, thiab morphine tau dav siv los ua cem quav hauv cov tsiaj kuaj. Ntawm peb cov tshuaj, loperamide ua rau lub sijhawm ntev ntawm kev tshem cov quav thiab kev ncua ntawm txoj hnyuv luminal transit, vim nws inhibits ob qho tib si dej secretion thiab du txav nyob rau hauv lub plab hnyuv phab ntsa [39]. Kev tshuaj xyuas lub cev qhov hnyav hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb no tsis pom muaj qhov sib txawv hauv txhua pab pawg. Tom qab qhov kev sim, tsis muaj qhov sib txawv. Cov pab pawg tsawg ntawm AEHC tseem pom lub cev qhov hnyav tshaj plaws, tsis tau cov qauv thiab pab pawg ib txwm pom lub cev hnyav tshaj plaws. Constipation feem ntau yog ib yam kab mob ua haujlwm. Kev haus luam yeeb qeeb qeeb hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb no tsis cuam tshuam rau kev noj zaub mov ntawm cov nas thiab lawv lub cev hnyav thaum lub sijhawm sim. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov quav ntawm cov nas thiab lawv cov dej noo tsis muaj nyob ntawm cov pab pawg ua ntej ua qauv; Txawm li cas los xij, lawv ob leeg tau poob qis heev tom qab ua qauv thiab cov dej noo ntawm cov quav tau nce tom qab siv AEHC ntawm ntau npaum li cas. Tom qab kawm txog qhov propellant tus nqi ntawm carbon hmoov ntawm txoj hnyuv.
ntawm cov nas, cov qauv pab pawg pom qhov pom tseeb txo qis ntawm tus nqi, thaum nws tseem nyob ib txwm nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj qis, nruab nrab noj, thiab qib siab ntawm AEHC. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias loperamide-induced chronic transit constipation kho nrog ntau npaum li cas ntawm Herba Cistanche tuaj yeem rov qab ua haujlwm ntawm txoj hnyuv mus rau ntau qib. Gastrointestinal hormones yog cov tshuaj bioac tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm siab uas tso tawm los ntawm cov kab mob endocrine ntawm plab hnyuv mucosa thiab pancreas, muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm ob qho tib si kev zoo siab thiab inhibition los tswj kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plab zom mov [40, 41], uas GAS, MTL, thiab SS muaj cov teebmeem loj. Cov qub ob cov tshuaj hormones txhawb kev tso tawm ntawm digestive kua txiv, constrict gastrointestinal smooth nqaij, txhawb lub zog ntawm lub plab zom mov cov ntsiab lus, thiab excite lub gastrointestinal motility. SS, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, inhibits qhov tso tawm ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, kev cog lus ntawm cov nqaij ntshiv plab, thiab plab hnyuv plab [42]. GAS thiab MTL qib nyob rau hauv cov nqaij mos ntawm cov qauv pawg tau pom tias yog qhov qis tshaj plaws, qhia tau hais tias tus qauv qauv yeej txo qis qhov concentration ntawm GAS thiab MTL hauv txoj hnyuv. Raws li cov tshuaj hormones hauv plab hnyuv loj ntawm lub plab zom mov, qhov concentration ntawm GAS thiab MTL tau nce los ntawm ntau npaum li cas ntawm AEHC thiab yog li txhim kho colonic motility. Nyob rau hauv sib piv, SS theem nyob rau hauv txoj hnyuv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov qauv pab pawg neeg yog qhov siab tshaj plaws, qhia tau hais tias tus qauv qauv yuav txhawb cov concentration ntawm SS nyob rau hauv txoj hnyuv. CGRP yog ib qho ntawm cov vasodilators uas muaj zog tshaj plaws thiab nws cov nyhuv so yog 10-fold muaj zog dua li cov nyhuv contraction. Raws li ib qho tseem ceeb neurotransmitter los yog neuromodulator uas tswj lub plab zom mov, CGRP tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau feem ntau ntawm plab hnyuv motility thiab tso tawm ntawm ntau yam kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo [43]. Qhov concentration ntawm CGRP nyob rau hauv cov qauv pab pawg neeg yog siab dua Group A, qhia tau hais tias tus qauv qauv yuav ua rau kom CGRP concentration nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv, uas tej zaum kuj yog ib tug ntawm cov yam tseem ceeb rau txo colonic peristalsis uas yuav ua rau cem quav. CGRP concentration nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv ntawm AEHC pawg tau qis dua li cov qauv hauv pawg, qhia tias AEHC muaj qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau txoj hnyuv. c-Kit yog ib qho transmembrane protein. Lub qia cell factor (SCF) ntawm nws cov ligand yog tsim los ntawm cov hlwb neuron thiab cov leeg nqaij du. Nws txhawb txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev sib txawv ntawm ICC thiab tswj nws txoj haujlwm physiological. c-Kit labeling indirect qhia txog qhov ntau thiab qhov ntom ntawm ICC [44, 45]. Tsis tas li ntawd, ICC cell plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj lub plab zom mov thiab ua raws li lub zog ntawm lub plab zom mov. Yog li, qee qhov teeb meem ntawm cov pa roj trointestinal motility yuav pom qhov poob ntawm qhov ntau thiab ua haujlwm ntawm ICC hlwb. Raws li cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los, cov xov tooj ntawm tes hauv cov nyuv ntawm cov neeg mob uas muaj cov kab mob mus ntev ntev tau txo qis. Yog li, txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no tau pom cov kab mob colonic ntawm nas los ntawm kev siv cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb thiab cov txheej txheem immunohistochemical. Piv nrog rau cov pab pawg ib txwm muaj, cov xov tooj ntawm cov hlwb hauv cov qauv pab pawg tau txo qis tab sis nce ntxiv tom qab kev kho mob. Txoj kev tshawb no tau pom tias ICC hlwb thiab cov kab mob qia hlwb (SCF) muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog c-kit / SCF teeb liab txoj hauv kev. SCF yog lub ntuj ligand ntawm c-cov khoom siv qhia hauv ntau cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub cev tab sis feem ntau
tsim los ntawm stromal hlwb nyob rau hauv cov pob txha pob txha. Txhua c-cov khoom siv monomer ua ke nrog SCF los ntawm cov khoom siv ntxiv 1-3. Tom qab SCF dimerization, cov qauv ntawm c-kit monomer hloov thiab tsim homodimerization, uas tom qab ntawd ua rau autophosphorylation ntawm amino acid residue nyob rau hauv lub cell membrane thiab txhawb ntau yam thib ob teeb liab molecules los tswj lub cellular zog ntawm ICC. Lub teeb liab molecule thib ob yog phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), ib qho apolipoprotein uas hloov 4,5- diphosphoinositide rau hauv 3,4,5-triphosphoinositide los ntawm kev sib xyaw nrog tyrosine 721 ntawm c-kit. Cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los tau pom tias PI3K inhibitors Wortmannin thiab LY294002 tau ua rau muaj qhov txawv txav ntawm ICC los ntawm kev thaiv cov teeb liab [46]. Peb qhov kev sim pom tias c-kit thiab SCF protein thiab mRNA cov lus qhia hauv cov qauv pab pawg tau txo qis thaum xub thawj tab sis tom qab ntawd nce hauv AEHC pawg ntawm ntau npaum li cas, txawm tias nyob rau hauv qis-ib txwm. mRNA kev nthuav qhia ntawm PI3K nce zoo heev. Yog li, SCF / c-kit yuav siv tau los ntawm PI3K. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias AEHC tuaj yeem tswj hwm cov leeg nqaij ntawm lub plab zom mov los ntawm kev ua kom muaj nuj nqis ntawm ICC hlwb. Tsawg npaum li cas ntawm AEHC tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj rau cem quav, thaum nws qhov nruab nrab ntau npaum li cas thiab qhov ntau npaum li cas txo qis thawj lub sij hawm tso quav ntawm cov nas, nce cov dej noo ntawm cov quav, txhim kho tus nqi ntawm txoj hnyuv, ua kom cov quav kom ntau, nce GAS. , MTL, thiab CCK qib, thiab ntxiv dag zog rau cov kab mob colonic contractility. Qhov koob tshuaj zoo ntawm AEHC yog thawj zaug 20 g / d tom qab hloov pauv, uas yog sib npaug rau qhov nruab nrab thiab ntau npaum li cas hauv txoj kev tshawb no.
5. Cov lus xaus
AEHC txhawb nqa txoj hnyuv los ntawm kev txhim kho ICC kev ua haujlwm thiab tswj cov tshuaj neurotransmitters hauv txoj kev tshawb no, uas ua pov thawj tias AEHC muaj peev xwm kho thiab tiv thaiv cem quav. Cov extracts tau txhim kho qhov qeeb-yoj ntawm txoj hnyuv thiab tswj cov atherosclerosis ntawm kev cog lus SCF mRNA kom muaj nuj nqis PI3K mRNA kom muaj nuj nqis c-Kit mRNA quantity12 Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj-raws li kev sib txuas thiab lwm yam tshuaj ntawm cov leeg nqaij du los ntawm kev nce ICC kom muaj nuj nqis los ntawm PI3K / SCF / c-kit teeb liab txoj kev. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kev tshawb fawb ntxaws ntxiv tuaj yeem txhim kho kev nkag siab ntawm lwm txoj hauv kev molecular ntawm AEHC hauv kev kho STC thiab pab qhia cov kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam yav tom ntej ntsuas nws cov teebmeem thiab kev nyab xeeb.
Kev tsis sib haum xeeb
Cov kws sau ntawv tshaj tawm tias tsis muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kev txaus siab.
Cov neeg sau ntawv koom tes
Shuai Yan thiab Yin-Zi Yue tau pab tib yam rau txoj haujlwm no. Txhua tus kws sau ntawv tau pom zoo rau daim ntawv kawg.
Kev lees paub
Txoj haujlwm no tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm cov nyiaj pab los ntawm National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) thiab tau txais nyiaj los ntawm Tsoomfwv Suav (81573979). Txoj kev tshawb no kuj tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm txoj haujlwm thev naus laus zis ntawm Jiangsu Provincial Administration of Traditional suav tshuaj, Tuam Tshoj (no. YB2017061), Suzhou Scientific thiab Technological Development Program, Tuam Tshoj (no. SYSD2015172), Txoj Haujlwm ntawm Suzhou Industrial Technology Innovation, Tuam Tshoj ( no. SYSD2016136, no. SYS201775, thiab no. SYS201776), thiab lub College Project ntawm Suzhou tsev kho mob ntawm tsoos suav tshuaj, Tuam Tshoj (YQN2015007). Cov kws sau ntawv ua tsaug txaus siab lees paub txog kev txhawb nqa nyiaj txiag los ntawm ib txoj haujlwm pab nyiaj los ntawm Tuam Tshoj Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2017M620220).
Cov ntaub ntawv
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