Engineered Nanocomposites hauv Asphalt Binders 2

Thov hu rauoscar.xiao@wecistanche.comyog xav paub ntxiv

3.2 Dynamic viscoelastic zog

Viscoelastic zog ntawm binders tau soj ntsuam los ntawm DSR xeem. Lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub kaum sab xis (δ) thiab qhov sib txuam sib luag shear modulus (G*) tau ntsuas dhau qhov ntau zaus (10 rad/s) thiab kub kub (los ntawm 20 txog 9{{17} }} degree). Lub binder tsis kam rau deformation (rutting) mus tas li (yas) raug tshawb xyuas raws li parameter G * / sinδ parameter 【38】. Cov txiaj ntsig tau piav qhia hauv daim duab 4a-c. Deformation kuj ntawm asphalt binder yog xam nrog lub kaum sab xis thiab complex modulus, uas loading zaus thiab kub tsis muaj lub ntsiab nyhuv ntawm G * thiab δ 【8】. Cov qauv nrog CSNPs nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm 0.2 wt feem pua ​​qhia tau hais tias lub siab tshaj plaws deformation kuj ua ntej kev laus. Kev laus ua rau kom muaj zog ntxiv. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm qhov tawv nqaij yog ib txwm pom rau cov laus piv txwv, uas txuas nrog kev nce hauv kev coj tus cwj pwm elastic [39] thiab tsis zoo nrog qhov nce ntawm brittleness [40]. Lub complex modulus tej yam kev mob hloov raws li qhov sib ntxiv ntawm NPs rau asphalt binder. Rau CSNP-mod-ified cov qauv, qhov nce hauv qhov tawv nqaij thaum laus yog qhov txawv me ntsis vim qhov kev txhawb zog ntawm NPs. Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm txoj kev tshawb no, qhov sib ntxiv ntawm 0.2 thiab 0.3wt feem pua ​​​​ntawm

NPS rau asphalt binder qhia tau hais tias muaj kev tiv thaiv siab tshaj plaws rau kev hloov pauv mus tas li tom qab kev laus luv luv thiab ntev ntev, raws li. Cov ntsiab lus zoo tshaj plaws ntawm CSNPs hauv asphalt binder tuaj yeem txiav txim siab kom tau txais CSNP-hloov binders nrog qhov siab tshaj plaws tiv thaiv kev laus.cistanche wrkungTom qab PAV laus lawm, lub kaum sab xis thiab qhov kev sib tw modulus yog 3.0wt9 feem pua ​​​​NPs<1.0wt%><2.0><0.0 wt9="" nps,="" and="" 0.0wt%="" nps="">2.0wt% NPs>1.0 wt% NPs>3.0 wt% NPs, feem.

Hauv daim duab 4d-g, rutting tsis ua ntej thiab tom qab kev laus raug tso tawm (ntawm 30 thiab 70 degree C). Cov qauv 6 thiab 12 tau pom tias muaj kev txhim kho zoo tshaj plaws tom qab kev laus luv luv thiab ntev ntev, raws li. Cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia txog kev tiv thaiv mus tas li deformation, uas txhim kho raws li qhov sib ntxiv ntawm CSNPs.

Thov nias ntawm no kom paub ntxiv

Hauv qhov kev tshawb nrhiav no, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm rutting kuj yog suav nrog qhov ntsuas kub ntawm qhov rutting factor. Table 1 nthuav qhia qhov ntsuas kub ntawm 1.0 ua ntej kev laus thiab 2.2kPa tom qab kev laus (raws li SHRP-A-369 tus qauv [38]). Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias CSNPs txo rutting tsis kam ua ntej kev laus. Tom qab kev laus, qhov pib kub thiab hardening ntawm lub hauv paus qauv nce, thaum qhov tsis sib xws yog ntsuas rau CSNP-hloov kuaj. Cov kev soj ntsuam no tau lees paub tias CSNPs txo qhov tawv thiab tawv vim kev laus.Citrus bioflavonoidsNtxiv mus, cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias {{0}}}.1 wt feem pua ​​​​ntawm CSNPs ua tau zoo dua piv rau 0.2 wt feem pua.

3.3 Thermal and spectroscopy analysis Thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA) tau ua los tshawb xyuas cov thermal stability thiab cov qauv ntawm thermal decomposition. Daim duab 5 qhia tau hais tias cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ntsuas thermogravimetric (TGA), qhov twg qhov hnyav ntawm cov qauv ntsuas ntsuas nrog qhov ntsuas kub nce mus txog 900 degree.

Peb qhov loj ntawm qhov poob yog qhia nyob rau hauv thermal decomposition: kub ntau yam ntawm 200-360, 370-490, thiab 540 degree . Tshaj qhov kub ntawm 480-580 degree C, heteroatom bonds ntawm cov qauv hauv paus yog decomposed, thiab resins yog oxidated thiab dehydrogenated. Nyob rau theem tom ntej, cov txheej txheem polymerization / cracking tsim asphaltenes uas ua rau kom qhov hnyav poob [41,42].

Cistanche tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev laus

CSNP-modified binder qauv tau nce thermal stability.cov txiaj ntsig cynomoriumQhov kawg decomposition nyob rau hauv CSNP-hloov binders tshwm sim sai dua nyob rau hauv kev sib piv rau lub hauv paus qauv uas tej zaum yuav muaj feem xyuam rau fumed silica NPs (Daim duab S4). Cov pa roj carbon residue ntawm cov qauv hauv paus tuaj txog ntawm xoom ntawm 800 degree (qhov poob siab tshaj plaws); Txawm li cas los xij, muaj 20-43 feem pua ​​carbon residue nyob rau hauv CSNP-hloov binders. Cov CSNP-hloov kho cov ntaub ntawv nrog cov yuag poob qis dua muaj kev ruaj ntseg dua thiab qis dua evaporation [43]. Feem ntau ntawm qhov poob rau CSNPs binder cov qauv tshwm sim ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj 200 degree, uas yog ntau dua li qhov kev khiav hauj lwm kub yuav tsum tau rau asphalt sib tov; Yog li ntawd, cov nanocomposite no tau txais kev ua haujlwm thermal hauv asphalt binders.

Qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov qauv saum npoo thaum lub sijhawm 120s ntawm lub sijhawm sib txawv (los ntawm kev siv infrared thermal dluab) - ib txwm suav los ntawm kev xaiv peb lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov chaw [44,45] - yog qhia hauv daim duab 6. Cov kev hloov pauv kub yog qhia los ntawm kev hloov xim. nyob rau hauv asphalt binder qauv.suab puam hyacinthNtawm qhov kub thiab txias (Daim duab 6a, e, i, thiab m), cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txawv; Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kub nce ntawm 44.6 txog 136,34.8 txog 95, thiab 33.7 txog 95 degree rau cov qauv tsis muaj WMA ntxiv, nrog WMA additive, thiab nrog WMA additive ntxiv rau CSNPs tom qab 120s, feem. Daim duab 6 qhia tau hais tias tsis muaj WMA, cov qauv tshuaj ntxiv muaj cov kab hluav taws xob cua sov thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Daim duab 6h thiab p qhia tias WMA cov qauv tuaj yeem tso cov cua sov sib xws; Txawm li cas los xij, cov qauv hauv paus tsim kom muaj cua sov. Tsis tas li ntawd, WMA cov qauv muaj qhov ntsuas kub zoo dua li cov qauv hauv qab ntawm a

qis cua sov theem. Daim duab 6a-d thiab il qhia qhov tso tawm qhov ntsuas kub ntawm cov qauv tsis muaj thiab nrog CSNPs, uas yog 0.63 thiab 0.62 degree / s, raws li. Cov duab no qhia tias WMA additives nrog thiab tsis muaj CSNPs muaj cov txheej txheem thermal zoo sib xws.

Kev sib piv ntawm qhov ntsuas kub ntawm cov qauv hloov pauv los ntawm CSNPs thiab fumed silica NPs (Daim duab 6 thiab daim duab S5) qhia tau hais tias cov nyhuv ntawm CSNPs ntawm WMA yog qhov zoo dua li fumed silica NPs. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev ua tau zoo txaus (kub faib tawm) ntawm cov qauv hloov kho nrog silica NPs thiab av nplaum NPS qhia qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kheej kho hauv asphalt binder [46,47].

3.4 Sib cuag cov ces kaum ntawm asphalt binders

Daim duab 7 qhia txog cov ces kaum sib cuag (CAs; nruab nrab ntawm dej thiab asphalt binder nto) rau ntau yam asphalt binders ua ntej thiab tom qab kev laus. CA muaj nuj nqis siab dua lossis qis dua 90 degree qhia hydrophobicity lossis hydrophilicity ntawm cov qauv, feem. CSNP-hloov cov qauv yog ntau hydrophobic, thiab yog li, tsawg dua cov dej molecules raug kaw nyob rau hauv lub binder nto. Txhawm rau muab nws rau lwm txoj hauv kev, CSNPs txo qis cov dej seem ntawm cov dej hauv asphalt sib tov thiab hloov cov wettability ntawm asphalt binders. Qhov tshwm sim no qhia tau hais tias CSNP-hloov binders muaj ntau dua noo noo susceptibility nyob rau hauv kev sib piv rau lub hauv paus binder qauv. Cov yeeb yaj kiab 4-6(saib Cov Khoom Siv Ntxiv) piv CAs ntawm cov qauv hloov ua ntej thiab tom qab kev laus.

Hauv daim duab 7, qhov nce hauv CA los ntawm 91 mus rau 97 degree ntawm CSNP-hloov qauv tau qhia. Qhov kev soj ntsuam no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam txog qhov hydrophobic ntawm fumed silica NPs. Qhov piv ntawm fumed silica NPs nyob rau hauv asphalt binder tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv binder wettability (CAs ntawm fumed silica NPs tau qhia hauv daim duab S6). Tsis tas li ntawd, CA imaging pom tau tias rau kev laus zuj zus, nce me ntsis (los ntawm 6to79) hauv CA. kev laus mus sij hawm ntev yog pom.

3.5 Mechanism ntawm CSNPs thiab bitumen

Ob peb lub tswv yim cuam tshuam rau kev tiv thaiv kev laus ntawm asphalt binder hloov kho los ntawm CSNPs. Hauv qhov kev sib cuam tshuam no, kev nce hauv lub zog saum npoo ua rau muaj kev nce hauv hydroxyl pawg bonds ntawm silica NPs thiab bitumen [8,48]. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov siab ntawm thaj tsam-rau-ntim piv ntawm cov av nplaum nanolayers nce los ua ke asphalt binder molecules nrog av nplaum txheej [49]. Bitumen molecules tuaj yeem tsim cov tshuaj sib txuas nrog silica NPs, thiab tseem, NPS txhawb cov khoom ntawm bitumen los ntawm kev tawm tsam lub cev (van der Waals force) [50]. Asphaltene plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom rheological ntawm bitumen.Flavonoid extraction method pdfRaws li cov bitumen lub colloidal qauv (Daim duab 8), roj thiab asphaltene yog dispersed nyob rau hauv hnyav theem. Raws li pom nyob rau hauv daim duab 8, vim qhov tsim nyog loj ntawm CSNPs (qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov loj me ntawm silica hais thiab av nplaum txheej yog li 33 thiab 12nm, raws li), lawv tau yooj yim tawg ntawm cov colloidal qhov ntev thiab npog cov asphaltene molecules (qhov nruab nrab txoj kab uas hla, 0 5-40 nm [51);

li no, cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab thermal tuaj yeem hloov kho nrog qhov kev txhim kho tshuaj molecular. Tsis tas li ntawd, nanolayers ntawm av nplaum muaj lub peev xwm zoo heev los hloov cov khoom ntawm bitumen nto. Clay nanolayers yog dispersed nyob rau hauv bitumen tus qauv colloidal thiab tiv thaiv kev nkag mus ntawm oxygen mus rau hauv matrix ntawm bitumen ntawm nanoscale [52]. Lwm cov khoom siv lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntawm CSNPs xws li kev hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv ion txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg ntawm kev hloov kho bitumen thiab tsis txhob decomposition ntawm bitumen cov qauv tshuaj.

3.6 Fourier hloov infrared thiab Raman spectroscopy tsom xam

Txhawm rau kawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm asphalt binder, FTIR spectroscopy tau siv nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 650-4, 000/cm (Daim duab 9a). Daim duab 9 qhia txog kev hloov pauv tus nqi (CR) ntawm sulfoxide thiab carbonyl index rau luv-thiab ntev kev laus. Raws li cov qauv ntawm UV-hnub nyoog, qhov ntsuas carbonyl nce ntau dua li cov ntaub ntawv hauv paus. Cov sulfoxide thiab carbonyl index raug txo rau CSNP-hloov asphalt binders. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev nthuav dav ntawm lub sijhawm laus nce sulfoxide thiab carbonyl index.

Cov kev sib npaug hauv Cov Khoom Siv Ntxiv (saib Table S4) tau siv los tshawb xyuas cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg-Aromatic (C=C), ethylene (CH=CH), carbonyl (C=O ), aliphatic (CH ntawm CHz), aliphatic (CH ntawm -(CH)n-), thiab sulfoxide (S=O) indexes [54,55].

Qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov sib piv ntawm cov qhab yog qhia hauv daim duab 9b rau tag nrho cov qauv binder. Thaum lub sij hawm luv luv- thiab mus ntev txoj kev laus, carbonyl, sulfoxide, thiab aromatic indexes nce; Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab kev laus, cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias cov sulfoxide thiab carbonyl indexes txo qis rau CSNP-hloov binders. Vim yog cov txheej txheem kev laus, asphaltene yog hydro-tsim rau hauv polycyclic aromatic lossis hydroaromatic hydrocarbons thiab ua rau muaj kev nce hauv cov tshuaj tsw qab. Hloov pauv, tom qab kev laus, vim qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tebchaw ntawm aliphatic thiab aromatic, muaj qhov txo qis hauv aliphatic molecules. Tsis tas li ntawd, hauv CSNP-modified binder, ethylene (CH=CH) Performance index nce tom qab kev laus, uas qhia tau hais tias CSNP yog ib qho kev tiv thaiv tsim nyog los txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidative thiab thermal [54,56]. Hauv lwm lo lus, cov khoom ntawm nano-inch muaj lub peev xwm zoo heev los siv los tiv thaiv kev laus [57].

Qhov nruab nrab loj ntawm daim ntawv uas muaj ntxhiab ntawm bitumen tau txiav txim los ntawm Raman spectroscopy (Daim duab 10). Raman spectra ntawm txhua tus qauv yog tsim los ntawm D thiab G bands, tshwj tsis yog rau cov bitumen tshiab [58,59]. G thiab D bands qhia cov pa roj carbon atoms 'sp²stretching vibration nyob rau hauv daim ntawv aromatic ntawm hexagonal thiab ciam teb ntawm ib qho kev txiav txim zoo li cov qauv ntawm asphaltene, feem [58]. Band ncov txoj hauj lwm ntawm G thiab D (Ic thiab I) hauv daim duab 10 yog nyob rau hauv 1, 585-1,599 thiab 1, 264-1,377/cm, raws li (Daim duab S7)[59].

Txawm hais tias muaj qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Raman spectra ntawm cov qauv bitumen, muaj ntau qhov sib txawv. Piv txwv li, cov txheeb ze ntawm cov nplhaib uas muaj ntxhiab tsw qab tau ntau dua nyob rau hauv cov qauv kev laus mus sij hawm ntev, piv nrog cov nplhaib uas muaj ntxhiab tsw qab hauv cov qauv piv txwv. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm NPS, qhov kev hloov ntawm G thiab D band peaks tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi los ntawm lub peev xwm ntawm nano-particle nws tus kheej los hloov cov kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm lub nplhaib aromatic hauv cov tshuaj bitumen.

Raws li kev soj ntsuam ze dua ntawm daim duab 10, ntxiv NPs rau cov qauv bitumen hloov qhov kev siv ntawm cov nplooj ntawv asphaltene. Qhov no yog vim muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm NPs thiab cov nplhaib uas muaj ntxhiab fused. Qhov siab tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv D band yog nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntev kev laus qauv, uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub vibrational hom ntawm ib tug disordered graphitic lattice nrog ib tug Ag symmetry [60]. Conversely, lub hauv paus bitumen qhia tau hais tias cov molecules ntawm nyob rau hauv aromatic yog tsis tshua muaj heev piv rau lwm yam qauv vim tsawg asphaltene aromatic daim ntawv loj [61].

3.7 Tsawg-kub kev ua tau zoo thiab viscosity laus

Qhov kev sim BBR tau siv los xam tus nqi nkag (m-tus nqi) thiab qhov tawv nqaij (S) ntawm asphalt binders hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub sijhawm thauj khoom ntawm qhov kub qis [62]. S thiab m-tus nqi yog cov tsis tseem ceeb rau qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov ntaub ntawv asphalt [63].

Hauv txoj kev tshawb no, S thiab m-tus nqi tau txiav txim siab rau NP-hloov asphalt binders ntawm peb qhov kub sib txawv (Daim duab 1la thiab b). Qhov pom kev nruj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm NP-hloov asphalt binders tau txo qis. Li no, CSNPs txhim kho qhov tsis kam mus rau qhov kub thiab txias tawg.Samples7 thiab 11 nrog 0.2 wt feem pua ​​​​ntawm CSNPs pom qhov kev txhim kho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tom qab kev laus luv-/ntev ntev. Tus nqi nkag (tom qab txheej txheem kev laus) txo qis nrog kev laus; Txawm li cas los xij, nanoparticle additives ho nce tus nqi nkag. Fumed silica NPs txhim kho qhov kev sib tsoo ntawm asphalt. Qhov no tshuav nqi rau qhov tseeb tias NPS txhawb cov asphalt binder nto thiab molecules, thiaj li yuav txo tau kev laus, thiab nyob rau hauv lem, hloov asphalt binder kuaj tau txaus elasticity ntawm tsawg kub [16,64].

Daim duab 11c qhia qhov Performance index ntawm viscosity aging (IVA) asphalt binder kuaj tom qab luv-thiab ntev-ntev kev laus. IVAis siv los kawm txog cov khoom laus (Table S4 hauv Cov Khoom Siv Ntxiv).

IVA hauv NP-hloov cov qauv tom qab kev laus luv luv yog me dua li IVA ntawm cov qauv piv txwv. Yog li, kev laus tiv thaiv ntawm asphalt binder nce nrog NPS hloov kho. Raws li cov txiaj ntsig tau pom hauv daim duab 11c, IVA cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev laus thiab nce nrog lub sijhawm ntawm kev laus. Cov qauv asphalt binder hloov kho los ntawm 0.2 wt feem pua ​​​​ntawm NPS tau tsim nyog ⅣA tom qab kev laus luv luv, thiab cov qauv hloov pauv los ntawm 0.3 wt feem pua ​​​​ntawm NPS muaj qhov tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm IVA tom qab ntev - lub sij hawm laus. Cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia tias IVA txo qis nrog kev nce ntxiv ntawm NPs.

4 Kev xaus

Kev hloov kho ntawm asphalt binders los ntawm NPS tuaj yeem muab cov kev xav tshiab hauv asphalt binder thev naus laus zis thiab tej zaum yuav siv tau zoo los tsim cov tiam tom ntej ntawm txoj kev asphalt paving cov ntaub ntawv. Cov hom tshiab ntawm nanocomposites tuaj yeem ua rau muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj kev ruaj khov thiab ruaj khov thaum tseem nyob hauv eco-friendly thiab raug nqi.

Qhov kev tshawb fawb no nthuav tawm qhov kev tshawb pom tshiab ntawm nano-composite asphalt binder, hloov kho los ntawm CSNPs. Hom binder tshiab no sawv cev rau kev txhim kho thermal, tshuaj, thiab cov cuab yeej cuab tam thaum piv rau cov pa asphalt binders. Cov txiaj ntsig zoo tau raug pov thawj hauv kev txhim kho kev laus thiab kev tiv thaiv dej noo, txo qis ntawm asphalt mix ntau lawm kub, thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntev.

Cov txiaj ntsig kev sim tau nthuav tawm hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb no qhia tau hais tias kev hloov kho cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev siv CSNPs hloov cov dej ntub dej kom zoo thiab txhim kho cov khoom siv hydrophobic ntawm cov pa asphalt binders. Peb qhov kev tshawb pom qhia tau tias muaj peev xwm daws tau ib qho teeb meem nyuaj tshaj plaws hauv WMA thev naus laus zis, uas yog dej tsis haum. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog kev tshawb fawb tshuaj thiab rheological qhia tau hais tias muaj kev txhim kho tseem ceeb hauv kev laus ntawm CSNP-hloov asphalt binders.

Asphalt binder hloov kho los ntawm CSNPs thiab WMA thev naus laus zis tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog ib qho kev nthuav dav uas tsis tshua muaj nqi thiab eco-friendly txheej txheem hauv asphalt pavement engineering muab cov kev xav tshiab hauv kev ua cov ntaub ntawv asphalt ntau dua. Los ntawm qhov kev xav dav dav, peb qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm molecular ntawm NPs thiab asphalt binder yuav qhib txoj hauv kev tshiab uas yuav yog kev tshoov siab rau lub tswv yim nanotechnology hauv asphalt.

Kab lus no yog muab rho tawm los ntawm Nanotechnology Reviews 2022; 11: 1047–1067