Engineered Nanocomposites hauv Asphalt Binders

Thov hu rauoscar.xiao@wecistanche.comyog xav paub ntxiv

Abstract:Tsis ntev los no, nanotechnology tau siv tau zoo nyob rau hauv txoj kev pavement. Oxidation thiab aging ntawm asphalt ua rau deterioration ntawm txoj kev pavements thiab nce asphalt-related emissions. Peb tawm tswv yim los tiv thaiv kev laus los cuam tshuam cov asphalt deterioration los ntawm kev siv cov av nplaum / fumed silica nanocomposites. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb no, morphological, tshuaj, thermal, mechanical, thiab rheological zog ntawm nano-hloov asphalt binders yog meticulously soj ntsuam nyob rau hauv ntau yam mob. Qhov kev sim tau ua pov thawj tias cov khoom sib xyaw no cuam tshuam cov tshuaj oxidation thiab decomposition hauv cov sib tov thiab txo cov kev laus. Remarkably, asphalt binder rheology thwmsim tau qhia tias qhov sib ntxiv ntawm 0.2-0.3 wt feem pua ​​​​ntawm nano-reinforced cov ntaub ntawv maximize lawv rheological tsis kam tom qab luv-thiab ntev kev laus. Tsis tas li ntawd, nanoparticles txhim kho cov dej noo tsis kam ua haujlwm thiab tig mus, kov yeej qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm cov dej noo nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias.

Ntsiab lus:nano av nplaum, hloov bitumen, thermal oxidation laus, nano-modification, nanocomposites

1 Kev Taw Qhia

Bitumen feem ntau yog siv los ua cov kua nplaum hauv txoj kev asphalt sib tov, vim nws cov khoom tsim nyog rheological [1-3]. Txawm li cas los xij, kev hloov kho ntawm bitumen tau tsim ib qho kev tshwm sim hauv txoj kev siv thev naus laus zis, feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv kev sib txuas nrog rov siv rov qab siv cov asphalt paving, nrog cov ntsiab lus qis zog rau asphalt sib tov ntau lawm, thiab nrog kev xav kom tsawg kawg ib nrab hloov bitumen los ntawm ntau. ruaj khov thiab bio-based binders. Ib qho teeb meem tseem ceeb thaum txheeb xyuas qhov tsim nyog tshaj plaws bitumen modifiers yog tshawb xyuas lawv cov kev laus tiv thaiv. Raws li txoj kev asphalt cov ntaub ntawv raug tsis tsuas yog kub kub thaum lub sij hawm sib tov khoom tab sis kuj rau lub hnub tawg loj heev, thiab oxygen thiab lwm yam radicals uas txhawb binder aging thaum lawv tag nrho nyob rau hauv-kev pab cuam lub neej [4-7], lub durability ntawm asphalt binders nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm aging kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb khoom cuab yeej. Binder aging muaj xws li ultraviolet, thermal mus sij hawm ntev kev laus, thiab thermo oxidative luv-term aging. Txhawm rau cuam tshuam cov asphalt binder kev ua tau zoo, ntau yam sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv ntxiv tuaj yeem ntxiv rau bitumen, xws li polymers, fibers, cov ntaub ntawv siv dua tshiab, thiab nanomaterials [8,9]. Txoj kev tshawb no tsom mus rau nanomaterials. Ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no, feem ntau, nanomaterials ho hloov tshuaj binder zog thiab nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav mechanical rheological kev ua tau zoo zog. Ntawm qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas piav txog nanoparticles (NPS), uas ua rau lub cev muaj zog ntawm nanocomposites tshwj xeeb thiab txawv ntawm cov khoom siv, yog lawv qhov sib piv ntawm thaj chaw rau ntim, cov duab, tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, thiab lawv lub peev xwm los nce kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm theem cuam tshuam [10 , 11] ib. Hlau oxide, inor-ganic, nanofibers, thiab nanocomposites yog cov chav kawm tseem ceeb ntawm nanomaterials tshwj xeeb yog siv hauv asphalt sib tov los hloov kho asphaltene binders [12,13]. Cov hlau oxide NPs suav nrog zinc oxide (ZnO) thiab titanium dioxide (TiO) tau tshaj tawm los txhim kho cov asphalt sib tov tiv thaiv rutting thiab tawg [13,14].cistanche qiaInorganic NPs xws li silica (SiO), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), thiab nano-av nplaum tau pom tias muaj peev xwm zoo heev hauv kev txhawb nqa cov ntaub ntawv asphalt thiab txhim kho lawv cov kav ntev [15,16]. Kev ua haujlwm rheological ntawm bitumen-thiab yog li qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev sib xyaw asphalt sib xyaw- tau ua tiav zoo los ntawm kev sib ntxiv ntawm SiO, thiab NPs. Lub thermal thiab mechanical stability ntawm asphalt sib tov kuj tau txhim kho los ntawm kev sib xyaw av nplaum NPs [17,18].Rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm peb cov kev paub, av nplaum thiab silica tsev neeg yog cov feem ntau siv inorganic NPS los txhim kho cov binder tiv thaiv kev laus [{{ 7}}] ib. Av nplaum thiab silica tsev neeg tau raug tshaj tawm tias yog cov zoo inorganic NPs hauv kev txhim kho cov khoom qub qub. Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv, nano-silica-hloov asphalt binders me ntsis txo viscosity thiab complex modulus, thaum txhim kho kev qaug zog thiab rutting tsis kam tom qab kev laus luv luv [19-21]. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee qhov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias nano -silica-modified binder muaj kev tiv thaiv siab dua rau kev laus thermal, thaum kawg ua rau muaj zog ntxiv ntawm asphalt pavements [21,22]. SiO thiab NPs muaj qhov zoo xws li nonphotocatalytic, inorganic shielding, thiab nontoxic, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev siv hauv asphalt sib tov [23,24]. Txawm li cas los xij, fumed SiO, thiab NPs yog ib chav kawm ntawm hluavtaws nanomaterials uas muaj ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg thiab kev lag luam tsim nyog siv rau ntawm qhov loj. Fumed silica yog cov khoom siv hluavtaws amorphous nanomaterial nrog thaj tsam loj thiab nano-loj nplai [25]. Yog li, txoj kev tshawb no tsom mus rau av nplaum / fumed silica nanoparticles (CSNPs).

Thov nias ntawm no kom paub ntxiv

Nyob rau hauv kev sib piv rau txoj kev pa, sov mix asphalt (WMA) technology ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib tug npaum eco-friendly yam. Hauv qhov no, asphalt yog tsim los ntawm qhov kub ntawm kwv yees li 30-60 degree C, uas yog qis dua li niaj zaus. Cov thev naus laus zis no txo ​​cov emissions ntawm cov pa phem thiab ua rau 20-35 thiab 35 feem pua ​​​​tsawg dua cov pa hluav taws xob hauv tsev cog khoom thiab kev siv hluav taws xob, raws li [13,26]. Txawm li cas los xij, noo noo tsis kam yog qhov tsis zoo ntawm WMA thev naus laus zis, ua rau txo qis hauv nws qhov kev ua tau zoo [27,28].

Lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb no yog txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam ntawm CSNPs ntawm kev laus ua haujlwm ntawm txoj kev asphalt binders uas yog siv rau txoj kev asphalt sib tov tsim los ntawm WMA thev naus laus zis. Hauv kev nthuav dav, morphological, tshuaj, thermal, rheological, thiab mechanical zog ntawm CSNP-hloov asphalt binders raug soj ntsuam zoo nyob rau hauv ntau yam mob. Cov kev nkag siab tshiab tau nthuav tawm rau kev nkag siab ntxiv ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm hloov pauv hauv cov cuab yeej cuab tam thiab rheological binder vim thermal aging. Daim duab 1 schematically qhia txog cov txheej txheem sim siv hauv txoj kev tshawb no.

2 Cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem

2.1 Cov khoom siv

Cov txheej txheem synthesis ntawm CSNPs raug xaiv raws li tus sau cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los (raws li qhia hauv daim duab S1)[29]. Nano-fumed silica (Aerosil A300, Degussa Co, Lub teb chaws Yelemees), sodium bentonite (Sigma Aldrich Ltd., Lub teb chaws Yelemees; saib Table S1), thiab Bitumen 50/70 (Tag nrho Co., Fabkis) tau siv nyob rau hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb no. Kev soj ntsuam me me ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tau ua los ntawm kev siv lub teeb pom kev zoo (DLS) (Malvern ZEN 3600, UK), thaum X-ray diffraction (XRD) kev soj ntsuam tau ua los ntawm X-ray hmoov diffraction (Philips PW 1730, Netherlands; Daim duab S2). Txhawm rau npaj cov sib tov WMA, ib qho kev tsim tshiab ntawm Fischer-Tropsch (FT) wax (Sasol, South Africa; Evonik, Lub teb chaws Yelemees; Sigma-Aldrich, Lub teb chaws Yelemees) tau muab tso rau hauv qhov kev tshawb nrhiav no. Ua ntej siv, nanocomposites tau qhuav rau hauv qhov cub ntawm 110 degree c rau 3h.Nyob rau hauv thawj kauj ruam, cov qauv tau npaj raws li cov txheej txheem ua ntej [18]. Tom qab ntawd, nanocomposites tau ntxiv rau bitumen hauv ntau qhov sib txawv (0.1,2, thiab 3wt feem pua ​​​​) .Hauv txoj kev tshawb no, bitumen tau hloov kho siv 3 feem pua ​​WMA additive.cistanche tubulosa cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev phivTus nqi no tau raug xaiv raws li cov ntsiab lus siv quav ciab uas siv hauv WMA cov khoom sib xyaw tau tshaj tawm hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb dhau los [13].

2.2 Kev laus

Rau qhov dov nyias zaj duab xis qhov cub ntsuas (RTFOT), raws li ASTM D1754, cov qauv tau khaws cia ntawm 163 degree C hauv qhov cub yob nyias (RTFOT8, qauv ntawm ISL, Fabkis). Raws li cov txheej txheem kev laus siab (PAV) tus qauv, cov qauv tau tshawb xyuas hauv PAV tom qab kev laus mus ntev (nrog 300psi thiab 100 degree rau 20 h). Peb tau npaj cov qauv hauv peb qhov xwm txheej: S1-S4: cov qauv tsis muaj hnub nyoog, S5-S8: cov qauv hnub nyoog luv luv, thiab S9-S12: cov qauv hnub nyoog ntev. Tag nrho cov qauv raug nthuav tawm hauv Table S2 (cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv).

2.3 Cov txheej txheem ua cim

Lub dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) ntaus ntawv (Malvern Kinexus Pro ntxiv rau , UK) tau siv los ntsuas cov khoom rheological ntawm zaus ntawm 10 rad / s thiab kub ntawm 20 thiab 70 degree C. Lub kaum sab xis thiab txoj kev shear modulus (G * ) ntawm lub hauv paus asphalt, binder, thiab cov laus cov qauv raug ntsuas raws li tus qauv AASHTO T 315. Cov qauv no feem ntau yog siv rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm asphalt binder zog nyob rau hauv linear viscoelastic ntau yam. Cov khoom siv tshuaj raug sim siv Fourier transform infrared (FTIR; Thermo scientific Nicolet iS10, USA) thiab TG/DTA (SDT Q600, TA Ins., USA). Lub Renishaw inViatM confocal Raman microscope (Renishaw plc, Miskin, Pontyclun, UK) nrog lub argon laser qhov chaw (633 nm) tau siv los kawm txog tshuaj sib txuas thiab cov ntawv loj, uas tau nruab nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txuas (4 / cm) spectral daws teeb meem, 90 degree scattering geometry). Daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas spectrums tau sau tseg txij li 500 txog 3,{12}}/cm ntawm chav tsev kub (50 × lub hom phiaj ua haujlwm ntev). Atomic force microscope (AFM; Nanowizard, JPK Ins., Lub teb chaws Yelemees) nrog cantilevers nyob rau hauv ib tug tapping hom (RTESP, Bruker, USA) thiab teb emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM; TE-SCAN, MIRA II, Czech koom pheej) tau siv. los kawm txog morphology thiab cov qauv ntawm cov qauv binder hauv microscales thiab nanoscales. Roughness thiab thickness daim duab qhia chaw ntawm 1-2 thav duab / s thiab cov ntsiab lus teeb tsa z tau txheeb xyuas, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau raug tshuaj xyuas siv qhov qhib software Gwyddion [30]. Cov morphologies tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsom ib lub teeb hluav taws xob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv binder. Lub koob yees duab thermal infrared (FLIR-T440, US) tau kaw cov duab thermographic hauv lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb cov kauj ruam los ntawm cov qauv binder. Flexural creep zog ntawm qhov kub thiab txias tau soj ntsuam los ntawm kev siv lub thermoelectric dabtsi yog khoov beam rheometer (TE-BBR; Cannon Ins., USA). Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no, peb siv Petrotest rau softening point (PKA5, Lub teb chaws Yelemees), tsis siv neeg penetrometer (PNR 12, Lub teb chaws Yelemees), thiab ductility test (infrared, 20-2356, Lub teb chaws Yelemees). Cov ntsiab lus

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev ntawm asphalt binder siv hauv txoj kev tshawb no yog nthuav tawm hauv Table S3 (Cov Khoom Siv Ntxiv).

3 Cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev sib tham

3.1 Surface morphology

FE-SEM tau ua los saib xyuas qhov chaw morphology ntawm CSNP-hloov asphalt binder qauv hauv asphalt binder matrix (Daim duab 2a). FE-SEM cov duab qhia txog kev sib cais ntawm CSNPs (qhov nruab nrab particle loj ~ 45 nm) hauv asphalt binder matrix. Cov duab nanolayer tshwj xeeb ntawm CSNPs hauv asphalt binder matrix cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem kev laus: zoo li daim ntaub thaiv. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, CSNPs tiv thaiv lub sab sauv qauv ntawm kev puas tsuaj los ntawm hluav taws xob [8] thiab ib txhij ntxiab volatile tebchaw thiab tiv thaiv evaporation los ntawm asphalt binder.

Cistanche tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev laus

Vim lawv thaj chaw loj heev, av nplaum nanolayers thiab fumed silica NPs tsho loj rau thaj tsam dav. Txhawm rau siv cov yam ntxwv no, qhov tsim nyog dispersion ntawm CSNPs hauv asphalt binder yog qhov tseem ceeb. Kev faib tawm tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas (saib daim duab S3) siv lub zog-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Cov ntsiab lus txhuas, silica, hlau, thiab titanium tuaj yeem tshawb pom thiab siv los txheeb xyuas qhov kev faib tawm ntawm CSNPs hauv cov ntawv khi. Cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg hauv cov binders qhov chaw feem ntau kuaj pom ntawm titanium dioxide (nrog 1μm qhov nruab nrab qhov loj). Daim duab qhia ntawm cov ntsiab lus titanium qhia tau hais tias qhov kev faib tawm ntawm cov khoom hauv bitumen yog ib yam.

Lub nanostructure tsim los ntawm CSNPs ua raws li nano-shield tiv thaiv oxidation thiab thermal puas. Cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg yog cov kub kub tiv taus thiab tsis txhob decomposition ntawm tshuaj bonds thiab yog li ncua binder aging [8]. Daim duab 2b thiab c qhia cov npog ib nrab ntawm CSNPs ntawm asphalt binders (xim ntsuab) thiab tuab tuab ntawm CSNPs (xim liab), feem. Polarity thiab chemical bonding [31,32] yog qhov tseem ceeb uas ua rau nanolayers adsorb ua ke thiab tsim cov khoom loj hauv asphalt binders.

Txhawm rau nkag siab ntxiv txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm CSNPs ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, cov khoom siv morphological tau txheeb xyuas los ntawm AFM xeem. Kev txheeb xyuas qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov binder microstructure vim kev laus yog qhov txaus siab vim nws qhia txog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov molecular kev cuam tshuam thiab tshuaj lom neeg sib xyaw [33,34].cistanche tubulosa extractCov microstructures ntawm binder qauv hloov kho los ntawm CSNPs yog qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab 3.

Nyob rau hauv daim duab 3, peb theem Catana, Peri, thiab Para yog qhia tau hais tias cov qauv zoo li muv, dispersed theem, thiab du matrix theem, feem. Cov theem Catana thiab matrix yog suav tias yog microstructure yam ntxwv ntawm cov binder [35]. Bee-zoo li cov qauv raug ntaus nqi rau cov saw ntev ntawm alkyl hauv microcrystalline waxes, cov qauv aromatics, thiab asphaltenes, uas crystallize thaum txias [36].cistanche tubulosa tshuaj xyuasBee-zoo li cov qauv hauv AFM cov duab qhia tias muaj peev xwm ntawm cov khoom asphaltic (Daim duab 3b-d).cistanche UKTus nqi ntawm asphaltene thiab colloids yog ncaj qha ntsig txog qhov loj ntawm muv-zoo li cov qauv hauv cov

asphalt binder; qhov loj dua cov qauv, ntau dua cov asphaltene thiab colloids [37]. Lub microstructure morphology thiab tus kheej theem ntawm cov qauv luv-thiab ntev-ntev kev laus binder tau nthuav tawm hauv daim duab 3e-g. Kev sib piv ntawm AFM cov duab ntawm cov hnub nyoog ntev thiab cov qauv nkauj nkauj xwb qhia txog qhov ploj ntawm nanostructure thiab kev tsim cov qauv zoo li muv. Cov txheej txheem tib yam tuaj yeem pom hauv Cov Yeeb yaj kiab 1-3 (saib Cov Khoom Siv Ntxiv), kaw thaum lub sijhawm ntsuas AFM, uas qhia txog qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov binder aging. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm CSNPs mus rau asphalt binder ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv cov ntaub ntawv morphology thiab microstructure. Cov kev hloov pauv no piav qhia txog lub luag haujlwm ntawm CSNPs ua ib daim thaiv tiv thaiv kev laus.

Kab lus no yog muab rho tawm los ntawm Nanotechnology Reviews 2022; 11: 1047–1067