Cov teebmeem ntawm Perfluorooctanoic Acid Rau plab Microbiota Thiab Microbial Metabolites hauv C57BL/6J MiceⅠ

Abstract:

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) sawv cev rau kev txhawj xeeb txog kev noj qab haus huv rau pej xeem vim nws pheej nyob hauv ib puag ncig thiab nws cov tshuaj lom. Lub plab microbiota yog paub los tsim ntau yam metabolites uas pab tus tswv kom tswj cov metabolic homeostasis.

Nyem rau tam sim cem quav cov neeg laus

Txawm li cas los xij, ob peb txoj kev tshawb fawb tau tshawb xyuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm PFOA ntawm lub plab microbiota-txog metabolites. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no, txiv neej C57BL / 6J nas tau raug rau 1 ppm ntawm PFOA hauv dej haus rau plaub lub lis piam thiab kev sib koom ua ke ntawm plab microbiome thiab metabolome tau ua los qhia txog kev noj qab haus huv ntawm PFOA.Peb cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias PFOA cuam tshuam ob lub plab microbiota. muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov metabolicprofiles ntawm cov quav, ntshav, thiab daim siab nyob rau hauv nas. Ib qho kev sib raug zoo tau pom ntawm LachnospiraceaeUCG004, Turicibacter, Ruminococcaceae, thiab cov fecal metabolites sib txawv.

Cov kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb ntawm plab microbiota-txog metabolites tau tshwm sim los ntawm PFOA raug, suav nrog cov kua tsib acids thiab tryptophanmetabolites xws li 3-indoleacrylic acid thiab 3-indoleacetic acid. Cov kev tshawb pom ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb no yuav pab tau rau kev txhim kho kev nkag siab txog kev noj qab haus huv ntawm PFOA, uas tej zaum yuav kho tau los ntawm lub plab microbiota thiab nws cov metabolites cuam tshuam.

1. Taw qhia

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) yog ib qho khoom tsim los ntawm ib- thiab poly-fluoroalkyl tshuaj (PFAS) uas tau siv dav hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tua hluav taws, surfactants, cov khoom siv tiv thaiv saum npoo, thiab lwm yam khoom lag luam. Hauv Tebchaws Meskas, PFOAha muaj nyob hauv ntau dua 100 lub tshuab dej hauv pej xeem [1]. PFOA tau teev npe raws li PersistentOrganic Pollutant nyob rau hauv Stockholm Convention, thiab nws cov khoom tau raug txiav tawm hauv ntau lub tebchaws. Txawm li cas los xij, PFOA tseem pheej nyob hauv ib puag ncig thiab tseem cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig thiab tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Tib neeg raug rau PFOA feem ntau los ntawm kev haus dej haus thiab zaub mov tsis huv, ua raws li kev nqus dej thiab nqus pa [2].

PFOA tau kuaj pom hauv tib neeg plasma hauv Danish niam-me nyuam pawg ntawm 738 tus poj niam cev xeeb tub thiab lawv cov menyuam [3], thiab hauv cov neeg koomtau cuv npe hauv Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Tiv Thaiv Mob Ntshav Qab Zib hauv Asmeskas [4]. PFOA yog suav tias yog muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntshav ntawm txhua tus neeg nyob rau hauv industrialized lub teb chaws [5]. Ib nrab-lub neej ntawm PFOA nyob rau hauv tib neeg tau thov kom yog 0.5-1.5 xyoo raws li tib neeg kev soj ntsuam thiab kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam [6]. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 2021, Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Tiv Thaiv Ib Cheeb Tsam Hauv Tebchaws Meskas (EPA) tau tshaj tawm PFAS Txoj Haujlwm Txoj Haujlwm los tiv thaiv tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv thiab ib puag ncig los ntawm kev phom sij ntawm PFAS.

Teb Chaws Asmeskas EPA cov lus qhia txog kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov dej haus hauv lub neej rau PFOA yog 0.004 qhov chaw ib trillion (ppt). Ntau yam teebmeem kev noj qab haus huv tau txuas nrog PFOAexposure. Piv txwv li, PFOA stimulated cell viability, inhibited dawb radical ntau lawm, thiab cuam tshuam lub redox raws li txoj cai nyob rau hauv swine granulosa hlwb, nrog rau tej yam kev puas tsuaj ntawm reproductive muaj nuj nqi, uas yuav tsum tau ib tug txaus oxidative tshuav nyiaj li cas [7].PFOA yuav induce plab microbial dysbiosis nyob rau hauv nas [8] -10]. Lub plab microbiota yog tsim los ntawm cov kab mob uas nyob hauv plab hnyuv, uas yog ib feem ntawm tus tswv tsev. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub plab microbiota yog qhov muaj zog thiab tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam, suav nrog cov kab mob ib puag ncig, xws li tshuaj tua kab [11,12], hnyav hlau [13,14], thiab cov khoom tu tus kheej [15]. Dysbiosis ntawm lub plab microbiota yog txuam nrog ntau yam kab mob, xws li mob plab ulcerative [16].

Cov ntshav ntshav siab dua ntawm PFOA tau pom nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob uas muaj kab mob plab ulcerative piv rau cov kev tswj hwm [5]. Lub gutmicrobiota ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv thiab kab mob hauv lub xeev ntawm tus tswv los ntawm kev tsim lossis hloov pauv ntawm ntau yam metabolites. Lub metagenome ntawm gutmicrobiota muaj peev xwm ua tau ntau yam ntawm cov txheej txheem metabolic, xws li kev tsim cov roj ntsha luv luv, kev tsim cov tryptophan derivatives, thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm cov kua tsib acids rau cov kua tsib acids.

Cov gut-microbiota-relatedmetabolites no ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj cov metabolism hauv homeostasis ntawm tus tswv tsev.Raws li ib qho tseem ceeb amino acid, tryptophan tuaj yeem hloov mus ua ntau yam tryptophanmetabolites los ntawm cov kab mob plab, xws li 3-indoleacrylic acid thiab {{3}. }indoleacetic acid.Tryptophan metabolites tuaj yeem qhib cov kev taw qhia thiab tswj cov homeostasis thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm kev hloov pauv xws li aryl hydrocarbonreceptor (AhR) [17]. Primary bile acids yog synthesized nyob rau hauv tus tswv tsev hepatocytes los ntawm cov roj cholesterol, uas nkag mus rau hauv lub plab hnyuv ib ntsuj av thiab hloov los ntawm lub plab microbiota rau hauv secondarybile acids. Cov kua tsib kua qaub tau lees paub tias yog cov cim qhia thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm metabolic, thiab lawv tau dhau los ua cov hom phiaj kho mob rau cov kab mob xws li cov kab mob metabolic [18].

Lub gutmicrobiota tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov kua tsib kua qaub; Lub caij no, lub pas dej ua kua qaub tuaj yeem hloov kho cov qauv hauv zej zog ntawm lub plab microbiota [19].Lub plab thiab plab microbiota muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog lub siab, hu ua ' plab-siab axis'. Lub plab-derived metabolites thiab cov khoom tuaj yeem thauj mus rau lub siab los ntawm cov hlab ntsha portal. Meanwhile, lub siab secretes bile acids rau hauv txoj hnyuv kom yooj yim zom cov rog thiab fat-soluble as-ham. Lub plab microbiota plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj hwm homeostasis ntawm lub plab-l-siab axis thiab lub pas dej kua qaub.

Gut-microbiota-derived metabolites kuj tseem ceeb heev hauv pathogenesis ntawm daim siab kab mob, xws li secondarybile acids [20] thiab trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) [21]. PFOA-induced daim siab puas yuav alleviated los ntawm cov supplementation ntawm lactic acid kab mob los yog gastrodin [22,23].Lub plab microbiota tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov metabolic homeostasis ntawm tus tswv tsev los ntawm producinggut-microbiota-txog metabolites.

Txawm li cas los xij, kev txheeb xyuas kev sib koom ua ke ntawm lub plab microbiotaand metabolome cuam tshuam los ntawm PFOA raug tsis tau ua tiav. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no, weperformed 16S rRNA gene sequencing, ua ke nrog untargeted metabolomics, tsom xam ntawm fecal, ntshav, thiab daim siab cov qauv los ntawm PFOA-kho C57BL/6J nas los qhia cov teebmeem ntawm PFOA ntawm lub plab microbiota thiab nws cov metabolites ntsig txog. Qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev txhim kho kev nkag siab ntawm cov tshuaj lom ntawm PFOA.

Ntuj Herbal Tshuaj Rau Relieving cem quav-Cistanche

Cistanche yog ib tug genus ntawm parasitic nroj tsuag uas belongs rau tsev neeg Orobanchaceae. Cov nroj tsuag no paub txog lawv cov khoom siv tshuaj thiab tau siv hauv Cov Tshuaj Suav Tshuaj (TCM) rau ntau pua xyoo. Cov hom Cistanche feem ntau pom muaj nyob hauv thaj av qhuav thiab suab puam ntawm Tuam Tshoj, Mongolia, thiab lwm qhov chaw ntawm Central Asia. Cistanche nroj tsuag yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm lawv cov nqaij tawv, yellowish stems thiab muaj nuj nqis heev rau lawv cov txiaj ntsig kev noj qab haus huv. Hauv TCM, Cistanche ntseeg tau tias muaj cov khoom siv tonic thiab feem ntau yog siv los kho lub raum, txhim kho qhov tseem ceeb, thiab txhawb kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib deev. Nws kuj yog siv los daws cov teeb meem ntsig txog kev laus, qaug zog, thiab kev noj qab haus huv tag nrho. Thaum Cistanche muaj keeb kwm ntev ntawm kev siv tshuaj ib txwm siv, kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb txog nws txoj kev ua tau zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb yog tsis tu ncua thiab txwv. Txawm li cas los xij, nws paub tias muaj ntau yam bioactive tebchaw xws li phenylethanoid glycosides, iridoids, lignans, thiab polysaccharides, uas tuaj yeem ua rau nws cov teebmeem tshuaj.

Wecistanche covcistanche hmoov, cistanche ntsiav tshuaj, cistanche capsules, thiab lwm yam khoom tsim los sivsuab puamcistancheraws li cov khoom siv raw, txhua yam muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tshem tawm cem quav. Cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb yog raws li hauv qab no: Cistanche ntseeg tau tias muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tshem tawm cem quav raws li nws cov kev siv ib txwm siv thiab qee cov tshuaj uas nws muaj. Txawm hais tias kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb tshwj xeeb ntawm Cistanche qhov cuam tshuam rau cem quav yog txwv, nws tau xav tias muaj ntau lub tswv yim uas yuav ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txo tau cem quav. Laxative nyhuv:Cistanchetau ntev tau siv nyob rau hauv tsoos suav tshuaj raws li ib tug tshuaj rau cem quav. Nws ntseeg tau tias muaj cov nyhuv laxative me me, uas tuaj yeem pab txhawb kev zom zaub mov thiab ua rau cem quav. Cov nyhuv no tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau ntau lub tebchaw hauv Cistanche, xws li phenylethanoid glycosides thiab polysaccharides. Moistening cov hnyuv: Raws li kev siv ib txwm siv, Cistanche suav hais tias muaj cov khoom siv moisturizing, tshwj xeeb yog tsom rau cov hnyuv. Txhawb nqa dej thiab lubrication ntawm cov hnyuv yuav pab tau cov cuab yeej soften thiab yooj yim dua, yog li no relieving cem quav. Anti-inflammatory Effect: cem quav tej zaum yuav txuam nrog o nyob rau hauv lub plab zom mov. Cistanche muaj qee qhov sib txuas, suav nrog phenylethanoid glycosides thiab lignans, uas ntseeg tau tias muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Los ntawm kev txo cov kab mob hauv cov hnyuv, nws tuaj yeem pab txhim kho kev zom zaub mov tsis tu ncua thiab txo qhov cem quav.