Cistanches Herba: Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Neuropharmacology
Mar 04, 2022
Hu rau: Audrey Hu Whatsapp / hp: 0086 13880143964 Email:audrey.hu@wecistanche.com
Caimei Gu, Xianyang Yang thiab Linfang Huang*
Cistanches Herba (tsev neeg Orobanchaceae),nquag hu ua"desert ginseng" los yog Rou Cong Rong,yog ib lub ntiaj teb genus thiab feem ntau siv rau nws cov neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, anti-oxidative, raum impotence, laxative, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, thiab anti-tumor teebmeem nyob rau hauv ib txwm tshuaj ntsuab formulations nyob rau hauv North Africa, Arabic , thiab cov teb chaws Asia. Qhov loj bioactive compound tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag no yog phenylethanoid glycosides. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, muaj qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb txog cov teebmeem neuropharmacological ntawm bioactive compounds. Cov kev tshawb fawb hauv vitro thiab hauv vivo qhia tias cov khoom sib txuas no qhia txog kev ua haujlwm neuropharmacological tiv thaiv ntau yam kab mob hauv lub paj hlwb uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov txheej txheem sib txawv nrog rau kev txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab lub raum laus, tiv thaiv lipid peroxidation, tshem tawm cov dawb radical, inducing lub activation ntawm caspase { {6}} thiab caspase -8. Qhov kev tshuaj xyuas no yog txhawm rau nthuav tawm ntau yam teebmeem neuropharmacological thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm Cistanches Herba extracts thiab lwm yam sib txuas, suav nrog nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo li kev kho mob Alzheimer's kab mob thiab Parkinson tus kab mob nrog rau kev siv rau cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm. Uas muab kev taw qhia rau kev tshawb fawb ntxiv ntawm daim ntawv thov kev kho mob ntawm Cistanches Herba.
Taw qhia
Cistanches Herba, lub qia qhuav ntawmCistanches hom Cistanche deserticola YCma(Daim duab 1) thiabCistanche tubulosa (Schenk) Wight, yog kaw nyob rau hauv Suav Pharmacopeia (Committee, 2015). Lwm hom tsiaj uas tsis yog-tus thawj coj, xws li C. Sinensis Beck thiab C. salsa (CA Mey) Beck, kuj tseem siv ua Cistanches Herba hauv qee thaj tsam ntawm Tuam Tshoj vim muaj peev txheej txaus.Cistanches Tshuaj ntsuaba yog ib qho ntawm cov tshuaj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws hauv cov tshuaj suav tshuaj, uas pab rau lub raum ua haujlwm, txhawb nqa cov ntshav, thiab moistens cov hnyuv loj kom tsis muaj quav (Tshuaj, 2005). Yog li ntawd, nws yog hu ua "suab puam ginseng" nyob rau hauv Suav teb vim hais tias ntawm nws cov tshuaj zoo heev functions thiab nourishing nyhuv (Wang li al., 2012). Cistanches Herba, lub ntiaj teb genus ntawm cov nroj tsuag holoparasitic suab puam, feem ntau nyob hauv North Africa, Arabic, thiab Asian lub teb chaws (Nan li al., 2013). Thawj qhov chaw tsim khoom ntawm Cistanches Herba hauv Suav teb yog Inner Mongolia thiab cov xeev ntawm Xinjiang, Gansu, thiab Qinghai.
Ntau pawg tshuaj raug cais tawm ntawm Cistanches Herba, suav nrog PhGs (Daim duab 1), lignans, iridoids, thiab polysaccharides (Chen li al., 2013). Cov kev tshawb fawb pharmacological tau pom tias Cistanches Herba nthuav tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv neuroprotective, lub raum impotence, laxative, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, anti-oxidative, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, thiab anti-tumor effects (Hu thiab Feng, 2012). Thiab peb cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los tau paub qhov txawv ntawm Cistanches Herba los ntawm txawv thaj chaw keeb kwm siv kev sib xyaw ntawm DNA barcoding thiab UPLC-Q-TOF / MS thev naus laus zis.
Consumer Price Index database ntawm Tuam Tshoj qhia tias 58 tshuaj los ntawm 12 pawg sib txawv, suav nrog glycosides.Cistanche capsulesthiab compound Cistanche Yizhicapsules, tau tso cai rau kev kho mob ntawm AD. Cistanches Herba cawv thiab tshuaj yej yog tsim nyob rau hauv Alashan, Inner Mongolia, Tuam Tshoj, uas yuav pab tau nyob rau hauv Runchang catharsis thiab txhim khu lub cev tsis muaj zog, endocrine kev tswj, thiab anti-aging systems ntawm lub cev. Boschnalosides yog siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev kho mob hauv Nyij Pooj los kho kev sib deev ua tsis taus pa thiab amnesia, thiab echinacoside yog siv hauv cov khoom kho mob hauv Tebchaws Meskas los txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kab mob (Cheng li al., 2005).
Qee cov kws tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no tau tsom mus rau cov txiaj ntsig neuroprotective ntawmCistanches Herba, tab sis cov kev cuam tshuam no tsis tau kawm kom meej (Table 1). Qhov kev tshuaj xyuas no nthuav tawm thiab tshuaj xyuas cov kev txhim kho tsis ntev los no hauv neuropharmacology ntawm Cistanches Herba thiab muab cov ntaub ntawv siv rau kev kawm ntxiv thiab kev kho mob ntawm cov nroj tsuag tshuaj no.
QHOV CHAW UA HAUJ LWM ASIA
Cistanches Herba cov tshuaj muaj keeb kwm ntev ntawm kev siv tswv yim, tab sis cov kws tshawb fawb thoob ntiaj teb tsuas yog pib nthuav tawm lawv cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg hauv xyoo 1980s. Daim duab 2 qhia txog kev tsom xam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntsig txog. Cov ntaub ntawv histogram qhia cov naj npawb ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb tau nce ntxiv nyob rau lub sijhawm, thiab cov ntaub ntawv Suav nyob hauv qhov kev faib ua feem loj tshaj plaws, uas qhia txog cov txiaj ntsig kev tshawb fawb ntawm Cistanches Herba. Daim duab 2A qhia tau hais tias cov ntaub ntawv hais txog neuropharmacology nyob qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm cuaj thaj chaw ntawm pharmacology, thiab cov ncauj lus no tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev tshawb fawb. Daim duab 2B nthuav tawm cov kev tshawb fawb tshuaj lom neeg ntau haiv neeg ntawm Cistanches Herba, nrog rau feem ntau ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog kev txiav txim siab cov ntsiab lus. Kev tshawb fawb ntxiv tuaj yeem tsom mus rau neuropharmacology thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom.
TRADITIONAL SIV THIAB ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
Cistanches Herba muaj keeb kwm ntev los ua cov nroj tsuag tshuaj hauv Suav teb thiab Nyij Pooj vim nws qhov dav dav ntawm cov tshuaj siv tshuaj. Nws yog feem ntau hu ua Rou Cong Rong hauv Suav, thiab nws tau xub sau npe tshuaj siv los ua cov tshuaj tonic hauv Suav Materia Medica Shen Nong's Herbal Classic (Eastern Han Dynasty) 2000 xyoo dhau los, thiab tom qab ntawd tau sau tseg hauv Yao Xing Lun xyoo 1590. Compendium ntawm Materia Medica (Ben Cao Gang Mu, 1619) tau sau tseg tias Cistanches Herba invigorated lub raum los kho lub raum tsis ua hauj lwm thiab geriatric constipation ntxiv dag zog rau cov pob txha thiab cov ntsiab lus, tiv thaiv cov phev, thiab moistened dryness los so lub plab. Cov khoom no kuj tau sau nyob rau hauv Ben Cao Hui Yan nyob rau hauv 1619. Tag nrho ntawm 200 cov phau ntawv tshuaj tau sau cov pharmacodynamics thiab siv Cistanches Herba hauv Suav keeb kwm. Cistanches Herba yog thawj zaug hauv cov tshuaj suav tshuaj los ntxiv dag zog rau cov tshuaj, uas yog qib thib ob hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev laus tib lub sijhawm, tom qab Panax ginseng hauv yav dhau los dynasties. Kev tshawb nrhiav tshuaj niaj hnub pom tau hais tias Cistanches Herba tau siv los ua lub raum-yang txhawb nqa suav tshuaj tonic, tab sis nws kuj tseem muaj kev tiv thaiv kev laus, txhim kho kev nco, thiab txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kab mob (Table 1), uas qhia tau hais tias tshem tawm lossis cov khoom siv los ntawmCistanches Herbamuaj kev cog lus yav tom ntej rau kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov kab mob hauv lub paj hlwb. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm pharmacological ntawm tus neeg sawv cev no tsis muaj. Nws yog qhov ceev thiab tseem ceeb heev los kawm txog cov tshuaj pharmacological thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm Cistanches Herba tob rau yav tom ntej.
PHAMACOLOGY
Anti-aging Properties
Kev laus yog ib txoj hauv kev uas yuav tsis muaj lub neej. Cov txheej txheem no suav nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg thiab lub cev ua haujlwm nrog cov hnub nyoog nce qib. Kev tshawb fawb txog kev laus thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kev laus tau ua kom muaj kev vam meej hauv xyoo tas los no. Yog li, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev laus yog qhov teeb meem tam sim no thiab tseem ceeb hauv gerontology. Cov txheej txheem kev laus cuam tshuam qhov cuam tshuam ntawm hauv vivo thiab hauv vitro yam. Kev laus muaj feem cuam tshuam rau hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib, atherosclerosis, thiab AD. Kev laus kuj tseem cuam tshuam txog kev txo qis ntawm cov hlwb, qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov viscera, nce dawb radicals, lub cev lom, thiab tsis muaj lub suab nrov thaum noj mov (Lopez-Otin li al., 2013). Kev laus yog ib txoj kev uas yuav tsum tau zam, tab sis ncua txoj kev no yog tam sim no ua tau.
Ob peb keeb kwm suav tshuaj ntsuab pharmacopeias piav qhia tias Cistanches Herba muaj cov khoom tiv thaiv kev laus. PhGs thiab oligosaccharides yog ob hom kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm Cistanches Herba uas yog cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb ntawm cov nroj tsuag no. Hauv vivo cov kev tshawb fawb tau tsim cov qauv nas laus los ntawm D-galactose. Cov nas tau muab faib ua kev tswj hwm ib txwm muaj, qauv, Vitamin E, thiab tag nrho cov pab pawg glycoside, thiab txhua pab pawg tau txais ntau yam khoom siv sib txawv. Cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia tias glycosides nthuav tawm kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntawm hippocampal ultrastructure, thiab glycosides tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev ncua kev laus thiab kev tiv thaiv thiab kev kho mob ntawm senile dementia los ntawm kev tiv thaiv oxidation (Wang X. li al., 2015). Xu et al. tshawb xyuas qhov kev tiv thaiv ntawm Cistanches Herba cawv extract ntawm hepatic mitochondria thiab tsim kom muaj tus qauv nas laus los ntawm D-galactose. Cov nas tsuag tau muab Cistanches Herba cawv extract rau 6 lub lis piam. Cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia tias Ca2 ntxiv -ATP enzyme kev ua haujlwm tau txhim kho, thiab MDA cov ntsiab lus hauv hepatic mitochondria raug txo. Cov txiaj ntsig no tau qhia ntxiv tias Cistanches Herba cawv extract muaj txiaj ntsig tiv thaiv kab mob siab mitochondria hauv D-galactose laus nas qauv (Xu et al., 2007). Xu thiab Liu (2008) tshuaj xyuas qhov kev tiv thaiv kev laus ntawm PhGs cais los ntawm Cistanches Herba. Cov txiaj ntsig tau lees paub tias PhGs txhim kho kev kawm thiab kev nco, nthuav tawm cov haujlwm antioxidant, thiab txhawb kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov txiaj ntsig tseem pom tau tias PhGs nthuav tawm cov txiaj ntsig tiv thaiv kev laus los ntawm kev txhim kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidation. Cov txheej txheem yuav cuam tshuam nrog cov dawb radical scavenging peev xwm ntawm PhGs. Polysaccharides ntawm Cistanches Herba nthuav tawm tib txoj haujlwm zoo li PhGs ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev laus (Xu li al., 2008; Zhang li al., 2011). Zhang et al. (2014) kuj tau tshawb xyuas Cistanches Herba extraction 2014 thiab pom tias cov extract no ncua lub neej ntev. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntawm echinacoside thiab acteoside qhia tias cov khoom no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los tiv thaiv kev laus (Zhang li al., 2008; Xie et al., 2009). Ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev laus koom nrog Cistanches Herba, tab sis cov haujlwm no tsuas yog txwv vim tias tsis paub txog kev tiv thaiv kev laus. Muaj peb txoj hauv kev los tiv thaiv kev laus, suav nrog kev txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab lub raum laus, tiv thaiv lipid peroxidation. Txoj kev xav ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm kev laus hais tias kev poob qis ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov kab mob laus. Yog li, kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov kev laus ntawm lub cev mus rau qee yam. Kev nce qib ntawm thymus thiab spleen nce cov ntsiab lus ntawm IFN-yin ntshav thiab txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm IL-6, nce lub peev xwm ntawm peritoneal macrophage phagocytic thiab lymphocyte proliferation teb ib txwm tuaj yeem txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kev laus, thiab tom qab ntawd ncua lub cev kev laus. Kev nthuav qhia ntawm p53 los ntawm tib neeg lub hlwb fibroblastic down-regulated tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv ib koob tshuaj raws li nram qab no kev kho mob nrog echinacoside, thiab uas tej zaum yuav correlated nrog up-regulation ntawm SIRT1. PhGs tuaj yeem tshem tawm qhov sib txawv ROS, suav nrog. O_2, H2O2 thiab OH,
Ua tau zoo thiab tiv thaiv DNA kev puas tsuaj los ntawm kev khawb OH. Tsis tas li ntawd, PhGs kuj tuaj yeem nce cov ntsiab lus ntawm RNS-NO, thiab tom qab ntawd txo cov lipid peroxidation. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig tiag tiag ntawm Cistanches Herba thiab lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tiv thaiv kev laus yog qhov tseem ceeb thiab txaus siab rau cov lus qhia yav tom ntej.
Anti-oxidative thiab Anti-apoptotic Activity
Cistanches Herba nthuav tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidative, dawb radical-scavenging, thiab anti-apoptotic kev ua los ntawm cov txheej txheem sib txawv. Cov kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no tau qhia txog kev tiv thaiv oxidant ntawm Cistanches Herba, tshwj xeeb hauv kev tshem tawm txhua hom dawb radicals hauv vivo thiab hauv vitro, txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov enzymes antioxidant hauv lub cev, thiab inhibition ntawm kev tsim cov lipid peroxide, MDA, thiab xim av rog (Wang et al., 2001; Wu and Fu, 2004; Luo et al., 2012; Song, 2013). Cov kev tshawb fawb tam sim no pom tau hais tias cell apoptosis lossis programmed cell tuag yog txiav txim los ntawm heredity thiab muaj feem xyuam rau oxidation (Martin, 2011). Deng tau siv MTT qhov kev ntsuam xyuas los tshuaj xyuas qhov muaj sia nyob ntawm tes, agarose gel electrophoresis ntawm DNA, thiab ntws cytometry txhawm rau kuaj cov cell apoptosis. Cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia tias echinacoside muab rho tawm los ntawm Cistanches Herba nthuav tawm cov kev tiv thaiv ntawm TNFa-induced SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis (Deng li al., 2005). Kev tiv thaiv paj hlwb nthuav tawm qhov sib txuas nrog kev txo qis ntawm cov pa oxygen hauv cov hlwb, inhibition ntawm caspase{13}} kev ua, thiab kev saib xyuas lub zog siab ntawm mitochondrial membrane muaj peev xwm. Bao et al. (2010) tshawb xyuas ib qho Extract ntawm Cistanche tubulosa thiab tham txog nws cov peev xwm los tiv thaiv oxidant. Cov kws tshawb fawb no tau ua qhov kev tshawb fawb hauv vitro los sib piv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidative ntawm methanol thiab ethanol rho tawm. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias ob qhov kev rho tawm tau nthuav tawm muaj peev xwm los tiv thaiv oxidant, thiab 70 feem pua ethanol yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws extraction tus neeg sawv cev ntawm C. tubulosa los xyuas kom meej cov kev tiv thaiv oxidant (Bao li al., 2010). PhGs los ntawm Cistanches Herba yog suav tias yog cov khoom xyaw zoo rau kev tiv thaiv oxidative thiab kev tiv thaiv apoptotic hauv kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidant feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm radical-scavenging. PhGs tebchaw, uas feem ntau yog muab nrog ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm phenolic hydroxyl, tuaj yeem siv los ua hydrogen pub rau txo cov radicals, thiab tom qab ntawd mus txog lub hom phiaj ntawm radical scavenging. Lub Cistanches Herba tshem tawm cov dawb radicals feem ntau hauv ob txoj hauv kev, suav nrog kev koom tes ncaj qha rau kev tshem tawm cov dawb radicals lossis thaiv lawv cov khoom tsim thiab tswj cov oxidant enzymes cuam tshuam rau cov dawb radical metabolism hauv vivo, xws li SOD, CAT, thiab GPX ( Ko and Leung, 2007). Rau lwm qhov, Glycosides ntawm Cistanches Herba tuaj yeem tiv thaiv apoptosis ntawm cerebellar granule neurons los ntawm inhibiting cov dej num ntawm caspase-3 thiab caspase-8. Yog li, qhov zoo oxidation tsis kam thiab tiv thaiv kev laus ntawm Cistanches Herba tuaj yeem siv rau cov tshuaj pleev ib ce. Daim ntawv thov no yuav yog ib qho kev tshawb fawb tshiab yav tom ntej.
Kev Kawm thiab Kev Txhim Kho Kev Nco
Kev kawm thiab kev nco yog kev ua haujlwm siab ntawm lub hlwb, thiab cov haujlwm no yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev txiav txim siab kev txawj ntse. Kev kawm thiab kev nco tsis zoo yog cov tsos mob tshwm sim hauv ntau hom encephalopathy, xws li kev saib xyuas tsis zoo thiab kev mob siab rau thaum yau, cov tub ntxhais hluas chorea, kab mob lobar atrophy, neurosis, senile cerebral arteriosclerosis, thiab dementia. Kev tshawb fawb tshuaj pom tau hais tias qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev kawm thiab kev nco muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev cuam tshuam ntawm synaptic kis tau tus mob hauv lub hlwb thiab cov metabolism hauv neurotransmitters, lwm yam tshuaj, thiab lub zog hauv lub hlwb (Chen, 1993). Cov kev tshawb fawb tshuaj niaj hnub tau txiav txim siab tias Cistanches Herba tseem ceeb txhim kho kev kawm thiab kev nco, thiab PhGs yog cov khoom xyaw tshuaj lom neeg ntawm qhov tshwm sim no.
Cov tshuaj suav tshuaj qhia tau hais tias kev kawm thiab kev nco tsis ua haujlwm muaj nyob hauv tus qauv Yang deficiency ntawm tus po thiab lub raum. Yog li ntawd, ob tus qauv no zoo dua rau kev kawm txog tonics hauv cov tshuaj suav tshuaj. Gao et al. (2005) tau tshuaj xyuas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Cistanches Herba glycosides ntawm kev kawm thiab kev nco ntawm raum Yang cov nas tsis txaus. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb no tau pom tias Yang cov tsos mob tsis txaus ntawm txhua pawg tshuaj tau txhim kho, thiab cov tsiaj tuag tau txo qis. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov dhia latency ntawm txhua pawg koob tshuaj tom qab kev tswj hwm hydrocortisone tau ntev heev, thiab tus lej yuam kev thaum lub sijhawm 5-min raug txo. Yog li ntawd, glycosides tau txhim kho kev kawm thiab kev nco ntawm lub raum Yang deficiency nas vim yog hydrocortisone thiab txo cov tsiaj txhu tuag (Gao li al., 2005). Cov kws tshawb fawb tam sim no tau tsim ib qho kev kawm scopolamine-induced kev kawm thiab kev nco tsis zoo nas qauv los tshawb xyuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm PhGs ntawm Cistanches Herba. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias PhGs ntawm Cistanches Herba txhim kho kev kawm thiab kev nco (Li, 2011; Liu et al., 2011). Choi et al. (2011) kuj tau qhia tias Cistanches Herba txhim kho kev kawm thiab kev nco los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov paj hlwb. Ntau yam cuam tshuam txog kab mob cerebrovascular induce vascular dementia. Cov mob no yog ib qho kev paub txog kev puas siab puas ntsws ntawm kev paub tsis meej, uas yog hom thawj ntawm senile dementia. Cov kab mob ischemic cerebrovascular tshwm sim ntau zaus hauv ntau cov kab mob cerebrovascular vim los ntawm vascular dementia. Cov tshuaj tsoos tshuaj thiab niaj hnub kws tshuaj tau pom tias PhGs ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv neuroprotection (Feng li al., 2013; Liu li al., 2013; Zhu et al., 2013; Zhang, 2014). Qhov laj thawj yog vim li cas Cistanches Herba extract tuaj yeem txhim kho kev kawm thiab kev nco yog ib feem ntawm neuronal cell differentiation, neurite outgrowth, thiab presynaptic tsim tau txhawb nqa. Cistanches Herba kuj tau txhim kho kev txawj ntse tus cwj pwm ntsig txog kev muaj peev xwm nco. Yog li ntawd, Cistanches Herba yog ib tus neeg sib tw muaj peev xwm rau kev paub txog kev txawj ntse vim nws qhov kev ua raws li cov paj hlwb kev loj hlob modulator. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshawb fawb dav dav yog qhov tsim nyog los tshawb pom cov txheej txheem neuroprotective tob. Cov kev tshawb fawb ntxiv los txiav txim siab yam tshwj xeeb ntawm PhGs yuav tsum ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho kev kawm thiab daws qhov tsis nco qab.
ANTI-NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASEAS
Anti-Alzheimer's Disease
Alois Alzheimer tau piav qhia txog AD hauv xyoo 1906 raws li nws cov kev soj ntsuam ntawm amyloid plaques, neurobrillary tangles, thiab vascular anomalies thaum lub sij hawm autopsy ntawm Auguste Deter, tus neeg mob tuag nrog kev paub tsis meej heev. AD yog ib qho kev mob neurodegenerative uas cuam tshuam ntau dua 30 lab tus tib neeg thoob ntiaj teb hauv xyoo 2010 (Williams li al., 2011). Lub pathogenesis ntawm tus kab mob no complex thiab tsis to taub kiag li. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau yam ua rau muaj feem cuam tshuam tau raug npaj, suav nrog cholinergic neurons, A toxicity, tau protein, insulin, thiab dawb radical puas. Tsis ntev los no tau mob siab rau kev mob siab rau kev mob o, insulin, oxidative imbalance, thiab kev hloov pauv noob (Verma li al., 2016) (Daim duab 3). Ntau cov tshuaj txo cov tsos mob ntawm AD, tab sis tsis tau tsim kho. Cov tshuaj uas kho AD tam sim no suav nrog rau 6 chav kawm loj: cholinesterase inhibitors, NMDA receptor antagonists, neurotrophic yam, tshuaj uas txhawb cov paj hlwb metabolism, neuroprotective agents, thiab tshuaj suav tshuaj (Deardor & Grossberg, 2016).
Kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov tshuaj suav tshuaj suav hais tias Cistanches Herba muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev kho mob ntawm AD. Kev tshawb fawb hauv vitro ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Cistanches Herba hauv quinolinic acid-txo AD tus qauv txiav txim siab tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm MDA thiab calcium hauv cov ntaub so ntswg hauv hlwb raug txo, kev ua haujlwm ntawm SOD thiab GSH-Px txhim kho, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm acetylcholinesterase E thiab apoptosis tus nqi ntawm lub hlwb hlwb tau nyuaj siab. Cov txiaj ntsig no qhia tias glycosides ntawm Cistanches Herba txhim kho kev kawm thiab kev nco thiab tiv thaiv lub hlwb los ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Cov txheej txheem yuav cuam tshuam nrog kev txhim kho kev tshem tawm dawb ntawm cov enzyme kev ua, txo cov lipid oxidation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, txo cov hlwb cov ntaub so ntswg calcium, thiab inhibition ntawm apoptosis ntawm hlwb hlwb induced los ntawm QA (Liu li al., 2005). Liu et al. tsim tus qauv AD nas hauv xyoo 2006 siv ib zaug microinjection ntawm -AP25_35, uas txo qis -AP deposition hauv lub hlwb. Rov ua dua kev tswj hwm ntawm glycosides ntawm Cistanche rau 10 hnub txo qis MDA cov ntsiab lus thiab apoptosis tus nqi ntawm cov hlwb hlwb, txhim kho SOD thiab GSH-Px, tsis muaj zog Bax qhia, thiab txhim kho Bc-l2 qhia. Bax tsis muaj zog thiab txhim kho Bc-l2 tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev txhim kho kev tshem tawm dawb ntawm cov enzyme, txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv lipid oxidation, thiab inhibition ntawm apoptosis ntawm hlwb hlwb (Liu li al., 2006). Luo et al. kuj tau siv tus qauv AD nas raug ntxias los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj subcutaneous ntawm txhuas chloride thiab pom tau tias Cistanches Herba txhim kho kev kawm thiab kev nco. Cov txheej txheem sib txuas nrog kev tiv thaiv oxidation (Luo li al., 2007). Cov qauv uas tau hais dhau los ntawm AD tau tsim los siv ntau txoj hauv kev. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia tas li qhia tias Cistanches Herba glycosides tau txhim kho kev kawm thiab kev nco tsis zoo hauv lub hlwb. Cov kev tshawb fawb kuj tau qhia tias lub hauv paus txheej txheem ntawm cov glycosides no muaj feem xyuam rau kev tiv thaiv oxidative, txhim kho cov dawb radical scavenging kev ua, thiab inhibition ntawm hlwb hlwb apoptosis. Luo, Gao, thiab Wu et al. (Luo et al., 2010, 2013; Ying et al., 2014) tau ua cov kev sim zoo sib xws thiab qhia tias ntau yam khoom siv ntawm Cistanches Herba, suav nrog glycosides, extract, echinacoside, thiab acteoside, nthuav tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv AD rau ntau qib (Ntxiv mus. Tab S1). Cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam txog kev tiv thaiv AD suav nrog kev txhim kho dawb radical scavenging, txhim kho lipid peroxidation, apoptosis inhibition, tsim cov pa oxygen txo qis, thiab apoptotic teeb liab txoj kev tswj hwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los tau kawm txog cov txheej txheem los ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm proteomics uas echinacoside tuaj yeem txo qis tshaj ntawm biliverdin reductase B, uas qhia tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidative ntawm echinacoside tuaj yeem txo qhov nce ntawm biliverdin reductase B induced los ntawm oxidative kev nyuaj siab thiab tiv thaiv dopaminergic neurons los ntawm oxidative kev nyuaj siab raug mob. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov laj thawj tiag tiag ntawm AD thiab cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv ntawm Cistanches Herba xav kom peb siv ntau lub zog los tshawb nrhiav.
Anti-Parkinson's Disease
Parkinson tus kab mob yog ib tug neurodegenerative disorder uas yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev xaiv degeneration ntawm dopaminergic neurons nyob rau hauv lub substantia nigra pars compacta thiab ib tug thiaj li txo nyob rau hauv striatal dopamine theem nyob rau hauv lub hlwb. PD yog ib yam kab mob uas tshwm sim hauv cov neeg laus. Cov kev kho mob tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob no muaj xws li hypokinesia, skeletal leeg nro, thiab so cov leeg tremor. Tus kws kho mob Askiv Askiv James Ba Jinsen (Parkinson) thawj zaug piav qhia txog cov tsos mob txawv txawv no hauv xyoo 1817, thiab qhov teeb meem no nws thiaj li hu ua nws. PD tsuas yog thib ob rau AD raws li cov kab mob uas tshwm sim ntau tshaj plaws, uas nthuav tawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm 1-2 feem pua ntawm cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog 65 xyoo thiab laus dua thiab nce nrog cov hnub nyoog nce qib. Neuropathological cov cim ntawm PD tau piav qhia ntau, tab sis nws cov etiology tsis tau txhais. Cov caj ces thiab ib puag ncig tej yam yuav ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv qhov ua rau PD. Cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los tau pom tias oxidative stress, cellular dysfunction ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab kev tshem tawm ntawm cov dawb radicals, yog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm kev cuam tshuam nrog kev tuag neuronal (Liu li al., 2014; Wen thiab Wang, 2014; Huang, 2015; Lin li al. , 2015; Ma, 2015; Ou et al., 2015; Peng and Bai, 2015; Wen and Xu, 2015). Feem ntau siv PD nas qauv yog tsim los ntawm kev tswj hwm ntawm neurotoxin MPTP. MPTP yog hloov los ntawm monoamine oxidase B nyob rau hauv cov hlwb uas tsis yog dopaminergic, feem ntau glial hlwb, mus rau nws cov nquag metabolite 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium (MPP ntxiv), uas nkag mus rau dopaminergic neurons los ntawm dopamine transporter. Kev sib sau ntawm MPP ntxiv rau hauv cov substantia nigra pars compacta neurons inhibits qhov nyuaj ntawm mitochondrial electron thauj saw, uas thaum kawg ua rau kev tuag ntawm tes (Geng li al., 2007). Txoj kev tshawb fawb hauv vivo tau pom tias thoob plaws lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab lub rooj noj mov B ntawm Cistanches Herba tiv thaiv cov neurons los ntawm MPP ntxiv rau -induced apoptosis (Pu li al., 2001; Sheng et al., 2002). Geng et al. (2004) tshawb xyuas cov txiaj ntsig neuroprotective ntawm PhGs los ntawm Cistanches salsa tawm tsam MPTP-induced dopaminergic toxicity hauv C57 nas thiab pom tau tias echinacoside txhim kho cov cwj pwm tsis zoo ntawm PD nas. Cov PhGs tuaj yeem yog cov neeg sib tw txaus nyiam tiv thaiv qee yam kab mob paj hlwb, xws li PD. Chen et al. tshawb xyuas echinacoside ntawm Cistanches salsa thiab pom tau tias qhov phenol ntuj no yuav pab tau rau PD tiv thaiv thiab kho (Chen li al., 2007).
Tus kab mob Parkinson tau txais kev saib xyuas tseem ceeb, tab sis tus kab mob no tsis to taub tag nrho. Txoj kev kho tsis muaj nyob rau vim yog qhov nyuaj etiology thiab pathogenesis ntawm PD, thiab cov cuab yeej kho mob rau tus kab mob no feem ntau yog siv tshuaj kho mob. Txawm li cas los xij, kev siv tshuaj mus ntev yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev. Yog li ntawd, ib qho kev kho mob uas suav nrog Suav thiab Western tshuaj yog qhov tseem ceeb. Kev tshawb fawb ntxiv ntawm PD pathogenesis thiab cov cuab yeej kho mob yog tsim nyog los txo cov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj thiab tau txais kev kho mob zoo.
TOXICOLOGY
Cistanches Herba feem ntau suav hais tias yog tshuaj ntsuab tshuaj ntsuab hauv Suav teb rau 1000 xyoo (Shen Nong's Herbal Classic). Cov kev phiv tshuaj tsis zoo ntawm kev npaj ntawm Cistanches Herba yog me me thiab muaj xws li xeev siab thiab ntuav, mob plab, thiab kiv taub hau. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshawb nrhiav tsis ntev los no tau qhia tias cov extracts ntawm Cistanches Herba tsis pom muaj kev phom sij (Peng li al., 2011; Jiang li al., 2013; Huang et al., 2014; Qin et al., 2015). Toxicology tej zaum yuav yog ib qho kev taw qhia tshiab ntawm kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej.
Kev sib tham thiab yav tom ntej PERSPECTIVES
Cistanches Herba tau ua qhov kev txaus siab ntau ntxiv nyob rau xyoo tas los no, thiab ntau yam kev siv tshuaj tau raug lees paub los ntawm kev tshawb fawb tshuaj. Kev tshawb nrhiav tsiaj yav dhau los thiab kev tshawb fawb hauv vitro ntawm kev npaj cov nroj tsuag tau qhia tias Cistanches Herba muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau neuroprotective tseem ceeb. Cistanches Herba extract thiab nws cov khoom siv tsis yog tsuas yog nthuav tawm cov dej num zoo hauv AD thiab PD kev kho mob tab sis kuj tiv thaiv lwm yam kab mob thiab kev mob, xws li kev laus, thiab kev kawm thiab kev nco tsis zoo. Cov txiaj ntsig no txhawb nqa tus nqi siab ntawm Cistanches Herba, uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev siv tshuaj kho mob thiab muab lub hauv paus muaj peev xwm rau cov tshuaj tshiab tawm tsam cov kab mob paj hlwb. Pharmacological tsom xam ntawm Cistanches Herba extracts thiab lwm yam tebchaw kuj muab kev nkag siab tshiab rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm lub paj hlwb.
Kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los tau tshawb xyuas cov tshuaj pharmacokinetics thiab bioavailability ntawm PhGs. Hauv Jia txoj kev tshawb fawb (Jia et al., 2006), echinacoside hauv cov ntshav nas raug kuaj plaub yam xwm txheej. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias echinacoside hauv biosamples raug cuam tshuam rau kev degradation ntawm qhov kub siab dua thaum lub sij hawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem thiab kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua ntawm qhov kub qis dua. Kev nqus ntawm echinacoside tau nrawm heev (Tmax, 15 min) hauv cov nas tom qab kev tswj hwm intragastric (100 mg / kg). Txawm li cas los xij, qhov siab tshaj plaws hauv cov ntshav yog tsawg heev (Cmax, 612.2 ± 320.4 ng / mL). Kev tshem tawm sai sai tom qab kev tswj hwm intragastric (T1/2, 74.4min). Thiab ntawm qhov tod tes, kev faib thiab tshem tawm ntawm echinacoside tau nrawm heev hauv cov nas (t1/2a, 12.4min; t1/2, 41.0min) tom qab kev tswj hwm txoj hlab ntsha. Lub bioavailability ntawm echinacoside nyob rau hauv nas yog tsawg heev, uas yog raws li qhov tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Matthias 'daim ntawv qhia (Matthias li al., 2004). Wu et al. (2006) tshawb nrhiav pharmacokinetics ntawm acteoside hauv Cistanches Herba hauv nas. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias cov tshuaj acteoside tau sib npaug hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub hlwb uas yog kwv yees li 0.45-0.68 feem pua ntawm cov plasma tom qab 15 min ntawm acteoside intragastric tswj. Lub bioavailability ntawm acteoside thiab echinacoside yog ob qho tib si qis heev, uas ib txwm tuaj yeem dhau ntawm cov ntshav-hlwb thaiv thiab ncav cuag lub hlwb. Qhov ntau npaum li cas tau teev nyob rau hauv cov rooj yuav cuam tshuam nrog qhov tsawg bioavailability. Txhawm rau txhim kho bioavailability ntawm PhGs, ntau txoj hauv kev tuaj yeem ua, suav nrog kev siv liposomal PhGs, PhGs nanoparticles, kev siv PhGs phospholipid complex, thiab kev siv cov qauv analogs ntawm PhGs. Cov kev tshawb fawb ntxiv yuav tsum tau ua kom nce bioavailability thiab elucidate tib neeg nqus mechanism.
Hauv kev tshuaj xyuas no, peb tuaj yeem pom tias feem ntau cov txiaj ntsig neuropharmacological muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov tshuaj antioxidant ntawm Cistanches Herba. Yog li kev tshawb fawb ntxiv ntawm cov tshuaj antioxidants yog xav tau sai sai. Kev txhim kho thiab kev tshawb pom ntawm cov tshuaj tshiab los ntawm Cistanches Herba yuav tsum tau tshawb xyuas ntau ntxiv ntawm nws cov tshuaj siv tshuaj, pharmacokinetic thiab kev siv tshuaj kho mob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau qib molecular, txawm tias txuas ntxiv mus rau ntau yam ntawm cov nroj tsuag no. Cov kev tshawb fawb ntxiv ntawm Cistanches Herba yuav hais txog qhov xav tau kev kho mob ceev los ntawm kev txhim kho cov kev kho mob zoo rau cov kab mob paj hlwb.
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