Antioxidant Thiab Anticoagulant Los Ntawm Phenylpropanoid Glycosides
Mar 18, 2022
Yog xav paub ntxiv:ali.ma@wecistanche.com
Bartosz Skalski, thiab al
Abstract
Cov nroj tsuag Holoparasitic ntawm Orobanchaceae, suav nrog Cistanche, Orobanche, thiab Phelipanche spp, paub txog lawv cov nplua nuj ntawmphenylpropanoid tshuajglycosides(PPGs). Ntau lub tebchaw PPG tau pom tias muaj ntau yam kev ua ub no, xws li tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, antioxidant, thiab kev nco-txhim kho. Txhawm rau tshawb nrhiav bioactivity muaj peev xwm ntawm European broomrapes (O. Caryophyllaceae - OC, P. Arenaria - PA, P. ramosa - PR) thiab kaum ib leeg cais cov phenylpropanoid, peb tshawb xyuas lawv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, tiv thaiv oxidation hauv ntshav hauv vitro system. , thiab cuam tshuam rau coagulation tsis. Cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tau pom tias muaj kev tshem tawm ntawm 50-70 feem pua ntawm Trolox lub zog. Cov OC extract, nplua nuj nyob rau hauv acteoside, muaj tshaj 20 feem pua zoo antiradical peev xwm tshaj PR extract uas yog tib tug uas muaj PPGs tsis muaj B-ring catechol moiety nyob rau hauv lub acyl chav tsev. Ntxiv mus, nws tau pom tias tsuas yog yim sim PPGs(phenylpropanoid tshuajglycosides)pom muaj peev xwm antioxidant hauv tib neeg cov ntshav kho nrog H2O2 / Fe; Txawm li cas los xij, peb tau sim PPGs(phenylpropanoid tshuajglycosides)muaj peev xwm anticoagulant ntxiv rau cov khoom antioxidant. Nws zoo nkaus li cov qauv ntawm PPGs, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj cov acyl thiab catechol moieties, feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog lawv cov khoom antioxidant. Lub peev xwm anticoagulant ntawm cov tebchaw no kuj muaj feem xyuam nrog lawv cov qauv tshuaj. Xaiv cov PPGs qhia txog qhov muaj peev xwm los kho cov kab mob plawv cuam tshuam nrogoxidativekev ntxhov siab.
Ntsiab lus:Broomrape, Phenylpropanoid glycosides, Oxidative stress, Plasma Hemostasis
CistanchemuajPhenylpropanoidglycosides
1. Taw qhia
Oxidativekev ntxhov siabyog dav paub txog nws qhov tsis zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov kab mob nyob, suav nrog kev laus zuj zus thiab qee cov qog nqaij hlav. Qhov tshwm sim ntawmoxidativekev ntxhov siabNws cuam tshuam nrog kev sib npaug ntawm cov oxidative thiab antioxidative mechanisms (xws li enzymatic (catalase, glutathione peroxidase) thiab non-enzymatic (glutathione) tiv thaiv) hauv cov hlwb ntawm lub cev [1]. Lub overproduction ntawm reactive oxygen hom (ROS), nrog rau oxidizing radicals thiab kaw-plhaub hom, yog ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb mechanisms tom qab tsim ntawm oxidative kev nyuaj siab. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txiaj ntsig lom neeg tshwm sim los ntawm ROS feem ntau nyob ntawm qhov concentration, lub sij hawm raug, thiab qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ib txwm muaj (tsis tshua muaj siab), cov pa oxygen / nitrogen radicals tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov tub txib theem nrab, tab sis nyob rau theem siab dua, lawv tuaj yeem pib hnov mob nrog cov kab mob lom neeg, xws li cell membranes [2]. Ntawm txhua hom ROS, ib qho hydroxyl radical (HO.) ua rauOxidativekev nyuaj siabpaub tias ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv ntau yam kab mob, suav nrog cov hlab plawv. Cov kab mob ntawm cov ntshav tau raug cuam tshuam thiab / lossis ua ntej los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm ntau yam tsis muaj hemostasis thiab ntshav biomarkers [1,3].
Ntawm qhov tod tes, ntau yam ntuj tsim, xws li polyphenols thiab polyunsaturated fatty acids, tau raug txheeb xyuas tias muaj zog antioxidants muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kev tsim thiab / lossis txo qis cov pa oxygen reactive. Cov khoom sib xyaw nrog cov khoom zoo li no muaj nyob hauv ntau cov khoom noj khoom haus thiab tshuaj npaj ntawm cov nroj tsuag keeb kwm. Kev noj zaub mov zoo nrog cov zaub tshiab thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab kev kho tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob raws li cov antioxidants ntuj, yog li pom zoo kom dav vim tias lawv tuaj yeem txo cov qib ntawmoxidativekev ntxhov siabthiab tiv thaiv ntau yam txheej txheem pathophysiological [4,5]. Nroj tsuag polyphenols yog ib pab pawg neeg sib txawv ntawm cov metabolites theem nrab, ntawm cov phenolic acids nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw tseem ceeb, raws li lawv tau nthuav dav thiab nthuav tawm ntau yam kab mob lom, xws li tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv.Phenylpropanoidglycosides(PPGs) yog ester derivatives ntawm hydroxycinnamic acid thiab lawv yog lub ntsiab / tsuas yog chav kawm ntawm cov theem nrab metabolites tam sim no nyob rau hauv holoparasitic Orobanchaceae nroj tsuag, xws li Cistanche, Orobanche, thiab Phelipanche spp. Ob peb hom ntawm tsev neeg no yog cov kab mob loj ntawm cov qoob loo uas cov neeg ua liaj ua teb xav kom tshem tawm hauv thaj teb (piv txwv li Phelipanche ramosa), ob peb siv hauv tshuaj, thaum feem ntau tsis tseem ceeb rau tib neeg. Herba Cistanche yog dav siv nyob rau hauv Esxias tshuaj tsoos tshuaj nyob rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm lub raum deficiency thiab raws li ib tug tiv thaiv- thiab nco-txhim kho, tiv thaiv-aging, thiab antifatigue tus neeg sawv cev [6]. Phytochemical tsom xam ntawm ntau pawg tshawb fawb tau pom tiasphenylpropanoid tshuajglycosides, xws li acteoside, echinacoside, thiab podium sab, yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb ntawm Herba Cistanche [7]. Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no ntawm ntau hom broomrape pom hauv tebchaws Poland los ntawm Jedrejek li al. [8] tau qhia tias cov khoom cog no muaj qhov zoo sib xws (kev tswj hwm ntawm PPGs)(phenylpropanoid tshuajglycosides)Tsis tas li ntawd, nws sib npaug los yog ntau tshaj qhov Cistanche spp. nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm active tshuaj [8]
Txoj kev tshawb no yog tsom rau kev soj ntsuam cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab antioxidant muaj peev xwm, nrog rau kev cuam tshuam ntawm hemostasis tsis tau ntawm peb broomrape extracts (Orobanche caryophyllacea - OC, Phelipanche Arenaria - PA, thiab P. ramosa - PR) nplua nuj nyob rau hauv ntau yam phenylpropanoids, xws li zoo li lawv cov PPG ib leeg. Lub peev xwm antiradical tau ntsuas siv 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid/Trolox Equivalent (ABTS/TE) thiab 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) ) kev xeem. Covoxidativekev ntxhov siabHauv kev kuaj ntshav plasma raug ntxias siv hydroxyl radical (H2O2 / Fe), tom qab ntawd lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid-reactive hom (TBARS)), thiab qib ntawm cov protein carbonyl thiab thiol pawg tau ntsuas. Ntawm cov kev txiav txim siab ntawm hemostasis yog: qhib ib nrab thromboplastin lub sij hawm (APTT), lub sij hawm prothrombin (PT), thiab lub sij hawm thrombin (TT).
CistanchemuajPhenylpropanoidglycosides
2. Cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem
2.1. Tshuaj
2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), potassium persulfate, 6- hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), formic acid (LC-MS qib), thiab H2O2 tau yuav los ntawm Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO., USA). Methanol (HPLC gradient qib) thiab acetonitrile (LC-MS qib) tau txais los ntawm Merck (Darmstadt, Lub teb chaws Yelemees). Kaum phenylpropanoid tebchaw kuaj hauv txoj haujlwm no, suav nrog 2′-O-acetylacteoside (97 feem pua), 2′-O-acetylpoliumoside (98 feem pua), 3-O-methylpoliumoside (96 feem pua), acteoside (99 feem pua), arena sab hauv (97 feem pua), crenatoside (98 feem pua), teniposide (99 feem pua), poliumoside (99 feem pua), tubuloside A (96 feem pua), thiab wiede mannioside D (96 feem pua) tau raug cais tawm los ntawm peb los ntawm cov nroj tsuag hauv qab no. cov khoom [8]. Lub purity ntawm cov tebchaw raug soj ntsuam siv UHPLC-PDA-MS tsom xam. Ultrapure dej tau npaj hauv tsev siv Milli-Q dej purification system (Millipore Co.). Lwm cov reagents yog ntawm qib ntsuas thiab tau muab los ntawm cov neeg muag khoom hauv tsev.
2.2. Cov khoom cog
Cov paj ntoo ntawm peb hom broomrape, suav nrog Orobanche Caryophyllaceae Sm., Phelipanche Arenaria Pomel, thiab P. ramosa (L.) Pomel tau txheeb xyuas los ntawm prof. Renata Piwowarczyk (Jan Kochanowski Uni versity, Kielce, Poland) thiab sau los ntawm ib qho chaw hauv tebchaws Poland. Voucher specimens (O. Caryophyllaceae – Chomentowek ´ (50.3349◦N, 20.4000◦E), xerothermic grassland, parasitize Galium boreale, Tsib Hlis 2014; P. Arenaria – Zwierzyniec (50.365212mmil, parasitize grassland◦8, parasitize) Artemisia campestris, Lub Rau Hli 2014; P. ramosa – Szewce (50.3553◦N, 22.3038◦E), teb, parasitize Solanum Lycopersicum, Cuaj Hlis 2014) raug tso rau ntawm Herbarium ntawm Jan Kochanowski University hauv Kielce (KTC). Cov khoom siv cog tau lyophilized thiab finely hauv av ua ntej extraction.
2.3. Kev npaj ntawm broomrapes' extracts
Cov khoom siv cog hmoov (O. Caryophyllaceae (OC) - 2 g, P. Arenaria (PA) - 3 g thiab P. ramosa (PR) - 3 g) tau muab rho tawm nrog 80 feem pua MeOH ntawm 40 ◦C thiab 1500 psi (cov kuab tshuaj siab. ) siv ASE 200 ceev cov kuab tshuaj extractor (Dionex, Sunnyvale, CA, USA). Cov extracts tau evaporated thiab khov-dried (Gamma 2–16 LSC freeze dryer, Christ, Lub teb chaws Yelemees). Qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm OC, PA, thiab PR yog 55 feem pua, 37 feem pua, thiab 43 feem pua ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom cog, raws li. Vim muaj cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm carbohydrates (cov ntaub ntawv tsis qhia), cov ntaub ntawv nyoos tau ntxiv purified los ntawm solid-phase extraction (SPE) ntawm Oasis HLB micro-column (500 mg; Waters, Milford, MA, USA). Cov suab thaj raug tshem tawm nrog 1 feem pua MeOH, tom qab ntawd cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev txaus siab tau raug tshem tawm nrog 80 feem pua MeOH. Tom qab tshem tawm cov kuab tshuaj, OC, PA, thiab PR rho tawm tau lyophilized (Gamma 2-16 LSC lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws), thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm SPE purification yog 53 feem pua (OC), 67 feem pua (PA), thiab 51 feem pua (PR) .
2.4. Phytochemical yam ntxwv ntawm broomrapes' extracts
Kev soj ntsuam zoo thiab muaj nuj nqis ntawm broomrape extracts tau ua tiav siv ACQUITY UPLC system (Dej) txuas nrog photodiode array detector (PDA) thiab tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer (TQD-MS / MS). Khov-qhuav OC, PA, thiab PR rho tawm tau yaj hauv 50 feem pua methanol ntawm qhov concentration ntawm 0.50 mg/mL thiab tom qab ntawd chromatographed ntawm BEH C18 kem (1{ {21}}0 × 2.1 hli, 1.7 µm, Dej). Chromatographic tej yam kev mob tau raws li nram no: qhov cub kub - 25 ◦C, linear-gradient 10 → 25 feem pua ntawm mobile theem B (0.1 feem pua formic acid nyob rau hauv acetonitrile) nyob rau hauv mobile theem A (0.1 feem pua formic acid nyob rau hauv H2O) tshaj 12 min, txaus tus nqi - 0.4 mL / min, txhaj tshuaj ntim - 2 μL, UV ntau yam - 190-490 nm (3.6 nm daws teeb meem). MS tsom xam tau ua nyob rau hauv qhov tsis zoo ion hom nrog electrospray ionization (ESI), siv cov chaw hauv qab no: scan ntau 100-1200 m / z; capillary voltage 2.8 kV; Lub cev muaj zog 35V; qhov kub ntawm 150 ◦C; desolvation kub 450 ◦C; Desolvation gas ntws 900 L / h, thiab lub khob hliav roj ntws 100 L / h. Cov ntaub ntawv tau txais thiab ua tiav tau ua tiav siv Waters MassLynx 4.1 software.
Phenylpropanoid glycoside (PPG) peaks tau txheeb xyuas los ntawm kev sib piv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tau txais LC-MS nrog cov ntawm cov sib xyaw ua ke yav dhau los [8]. Quantitation ntawm PPGs(phenylpropanoid tshuajglycosides)nyob rau hauv broomrape extracts yog raws li UPLC-UV txoj kev nrog nrhiav tau ntawm 330 nm, thiab ib tug txheej txheem calibration siv acteoside (Sigma-Aldrich, Ntau tshaj los yog sib npaug rau 99 feem pua, HPLC) raws li pab pawg neeg tus qauv. Ib qho linear calibration nkhaus tau npaj nyob rau hauv rau qhov ntau ntawm 1-200 ug / mL thiab pom zoo linearity (R2 Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.999). Cov txiaj ntsig ntau sawv cev rau qhov nruab nrab ± SD tus nqi ntawm peb qhov kev txhaj tshuaj thiab tau qhia tias yog milligrams acteoside sib npaug (eq) ib gram ntawm extract (mg acteoside eq / g).
CistanchemuajPhenylpropanoidglycosides
2.5. Antiradical kev ua haujlwm hauv vitro
2.5.1. ABTS radical scavenging assay
Qhov kev sim ABTS antiradical tau ua tiav siv txoj kev piav qhia los ntawm Kontek li al. [9], nrog kev hloov kho me ntsis raws li hauv qab no: 20 feem pua MeOH tau siv los npaj cov tshuaj reagents (7 mM ABTS thiab 4.9 mM potassium persulfate); Cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm OC, PA, thiab PR extracts, ntawm plaub theem concentration hauv thaj tsam ntawm 100- 400 ug / mL, thiab Trolox cov kev daws, ntawm rau qib concentration hauv thaj tsam ntawm 10- 250 ug / mL, tau npaj nrog 50 feem pua. MeOH. Kev faib ua feem ntawm cov qauv rau ABTS ntxiv rau kev daws teeb meem yog 1:25 (v / v). Lub absorbance ntawm 734 nm tau ntsuas tom qab 30 min incubation hauv qhov tsaus ntuj siv lub UV-vis spectrophotometer (Evolution 260 Bio, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA).
Lub absorbance inhibition (feem pua) tau xam raws li hauv qab no: [(Abscontrol–Abssample)/Abscontrol] × 100.
Cov Trolox Equivalents (TE) ntawm broomrapes ' extracts tau suav nrog cov mis TE {{{0}}} qauv / tus qauv, qhov twg m yog txoj kab nqes ntawm txoj kab ncaj nraim (absorbance inhibition vs. concentration). Tus nqi TE ntawm tus qauv piav qhia txog nws qhov kev ua haujlwm zoo li qub tiv thaiv Trolox (TEstandard =1.0). IC50 qhov tseem ceeb rau OC, PA, thiab PR rho tawm thiab Trolox tau mus txog kev sim, tom qab ntawd raug xam los ntawm lawv txoj kab ncaj nraim (absorbance inhibition vs. concentration) thiab qhia hauv ug/mL.
Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas tau ua hauv triplicate, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau nthuav tawm raws li txhais tau tias ± tus qauv sib txawv (SD).
2.5.2. DPPH radical scavenging assay
Kev kuaj DPPH antiradical tau ua tiav siv txoj kev piav qhia los ntawm Jedrejek li al. [8] thiab Brand-Williams et al. [10], nrog kev hloov kho me ntsis raws li hauv qab no: cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm OC, PA, thiab PR extracts, ntawm plaub theem concentration hauv thaj tsam ntawm 50- 250 ug / mL, thiab Trolox daws, ntawm rau qib concentration hauv thaj tsam ntawm 10− 250 ug / mL, tau npaj nrog 50 feem pua MeOH. Qhov piv ntawm cov qauv rau DPPH yog 1:19 (v/v). Qhov nqus ntawm 517 nm tau ntsuas tom qab 30 min incubation hauv qhov tsaus ntuj siv lub UV-vis spectrophotometer (Evolution 260 Bio).
Lub absorbance inhibition (feem pua) tau xam raws li hauv qab no: [(Abscontrol–Abssample)/Abscontrol] × 100.
Trolox Equivalent (TE) thiab IC50 qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv kuaj tau suav nrog tib yam li hauv ABTS xeem (Tshooj 2.5.1). Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas tau ua nyob rau hauv triplicate, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau nthuav tawm raws li txhais tau tias ± SD.
2.6. Cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm kev sim cog cov tebchaw thiab cov extracts rau kev sim nrog tib neeg plasma
Cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas thiab cov nroj tsuag rho tawm tau npaj hauv 50 feem pua DMSO. Qhov kawg concentration ntawm DMSO hauv cov qauv kuaj tau qis dua 0.05 feem pua thiab nws cov teebmeem raug txiav txim siab hauv txhua qhov kev sim.
2.7. Tib neeg plasma isolation
Tib neeg cov ntshav, lossis ntshav ntshav, tau txais los ntawm 6 tus neeg pub dawb (cov txiv neej thiab poj niam tsis haus luam yeeb) mus rau lub txhab nyiaj ntshav (Lodz, Poland) thiab chaw kho mob (Lodz, Poland). Cov ntshav tau sau ua CPD cov tshuaj (citrate / phosphate / dextrose; 9: 1; v / v ntshav / CPD) lossis CPDA tshuaj (citrate / phosphate / dextrose / adenine; 8.5: 1; v / v; ntshav / CPDA). Cov neeg pub dawb tsis tau noj tshuaj lossis tshuaj ntxiv (xws li luam yeeb, cawv, thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv antioxidant) tsawg kawg ob lub lis piam ua ntej pub dawb. Peb qhov kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov ntshav kuaj tau ua raws li cov lus qhia ntawm Helsinki Tshaj Tawm rau Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Tib Neeg thiab tau pom zoo los ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Hauv Tib Neeg ntawm University of Lodz. Plasma tau npaj los ntawm centrifugation ntawm tib neeg cov ntshav tshiab ntawm 4500x g rau 25 min ntawm chav tsev kub. Cov protein concentration yog xam los ntawm kev ntsuas qhov nqus ntawm cov qauv kuaj ntawm 280 nm, raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm Whitaker thiab Granum [11].
CistanchemuajPhenylpropanoidglycosides
2.8. Cov cim ntawm oxidative kev nyuaj siab hauv tib neeg plasma
2.8.1 ib. Kev ntsuas lipid peroxidation
Plasma lipid peroxidation yog ntsuas los ntawm kev ntsuas qhov concentration ntawm thiobarbituric acid reactive tshuaj (TBARS). TBARS concentration yog xam los ntawm molar extinction coefficient (ε =156,000 M− 1cm− 1). Cov txheej txheem tau piav qhia meej dua lwm qhov [12,13].
2.8.2 ib. Carbonyl pawg ntsuas
Cov qib carbonyl pawg tau suav nrog siv cov molar extinction coefficient (ε=22,000 M− 1 cm− 1) thiab tau qhia tias yog nmol carbonyl pawg / mg ntawm cov ntshav plasma protein, raws li Bartosz [13 ] thiab Levine et al. [14].
2.8.3 ib. Thiol pawg kev txiav txim
Cov thiol pawg cov ntsiab lus hauv cov ntshav ntshav tau ntsuas spectrophotometrically siv SPECTROstar Nano Microplate Reader (BMG LABTECH, Lub teb chaws Yelemees) los ntawm absorbance ntawm 412 nm nrog 5,5′-dithiol-bis-(2- nitrobenzoic acid). Txoj kev tau piav qhia ntau ntxiv nyob rau lwm qhov [15–17].
2.9. Parameters ntawm hemostasis
2.9.1 ib. Kev ntsuas lub sij hawm prothrombin (PT)
PT tau txiav txim siab coagulometrically siv Optic Coagulation Analyzer (qauv K-3002, Kselmed, Grudziadz, Poland) raws li Malinowska li al. [18].
2.9.2 ib. Kev ntsuas lub sij hawm thrombin (TT)
TT tau txiav txim siab coagulometrically siv Optic Coagulation Analyzer (qauv K-3002, Kselmed, Grudziadz, Poland), raws li txoj kev piav qhia los ntawm Malinowska li al. [18].
2.9.3 ib. Kev ntsuas ntawm activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)
APTT tau txiav txim siab coagulometrically siv K-3002 Optic Coagulation Analyzer (Kselmed, Grudziadz, Poland) raws li Malinowska li al. [18].
2.10. Cov ntaub ntawv tsom xam
Q-Dixon xeem tau ua los tshem tawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis meej. Cov ntaub ntawv raug sim rau ib txwm faib nrog Shapiro-Wilk xeem thiab sib npaug ntawm qhov sib txawv nrog Levene qhov kev xeem. Kev txheeb xyuas qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb tau txheeb xyuas siv ANOVA, ua raws li Tukey ntau qhov kev sib piv los yog Kruskal-Wallis test. Kev sib piv tau suav tias tseem ceeb ntawm p < 0.05.="" cov="" txiaj="" ntsig="" tau="" nthuav="" tawm="" raws="" li="" txhais="" tau="" tias="" ±="" sd="">
3. Cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev sib tham
Kaum yav dhau los cais los ntawm pebphenylpropanoid tshuajglycosides[8], suav nrog 2′-O-acetylacteoside, 2′-O-acetylpoliumoside, 3-O-methylpoliumoside, acteoside, arena sab hauv, crenatoside, pheliposide, podium sab, tubuloside A, thiab wiedemannioside D, ua ke nrog peb. broomrape extracts (Orobanche Caryophyllaceae (OC), Phelipanche yog naria (PA), thiab P. ramosa (PR)) tau kawm tam sim no rau kev txo qis.oxidativekev ntxhov siabthiab anticoagulant zog hauv tib neeg plasma system. Cov qauv tshuaj ntawm cov phenylpropanoids kuaj tau nthuav tawm hauv daim duab 1, thiab, raws li tau pom, lawv txhua tus tau tsim raws li tus qauv zoo sib xws, nrog rau cov khoom sib xws / zoo sib xws: hydroxytyrosol, monosaccharides (glucose, rhamnose, thiab / lossis xylose), thiab hydroxycinnamic acid. Feem ntau ntawm cov tshuaj PPG tshuaj tau hloov nrog caffeic acid, tab sis qhov no tuaj yeem hloov nrog coumaric lossis ferulic acid.
Sib nrug los ntawm ib tus neeg PPG tebchaw, peb broomrape rho tawm - OC, PA, thiab PR, uas yog sib xyaw ntawm ntau PPGs(phenylpropanoid tshuajglycosides)thiab tau txais kev pabcuam yav dhau los ua cov khoom pib rau kev sib cais sib cais, kuj tau suav nrog hauv kev tshawb fawb lom neeg. Lwm qhov laj thawj ntawm kev xaiv peb hom sib txawv yog qhov sib txawv loj hauv phytochemical profile ntawm lawv, raws li tuaj yeem pom hauv daim duab 2. Kev sib piv cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntxiv ntawm OC, PA, thiab PR rho tawm, suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv ntau, tau nthuav tawm hauv Table 1. Acteoside yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm O. Caryophyllaceae extract (690 mg / g), teniposide, thiab arena sab hauv dominated hauv P. Arenaria (ua ke 550 mg / g), thaum poliumoside thiab nws cov acetylated derivative yog cov metabolites tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv P. ramosa extract (ua ke 640 mg/g). Cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas kuj txawv nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm phenylpropanoids, qhov siab tshaj plaws tau pom nyob rau hauv OC (810 mg / g), qis me ntsis hauv PR (795 mg / g), thiab qis dua hauv PA (685 mg / g). Ntxiv mus, nws tsim nyog yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias muaj PPGs nrog rau lwm yam uas tsis yog caffeoyl moieties, xws li coumaroyl lossis feruloyl, tau kuaj pom tsuas yog hauv P. ramosa extract, qhov twg cov tshuaj no tau tsim txog ib feem rau ntawm tag nrho cov PPGs (kwv yees 120 mg / . g) (Table 1).
Cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los ntawm kev ua haujlwm antiradical ntawmphenylpropanoid tshuajglycosideslos ntawm Heilmann et al. [19] thiab Jedrejek et al. [8], suav nrog txog 30 qhov sib txawv PPGs(phenylpropanoid tshuajglycosides)xws li acteoside, isoacteoside, thiab crenatoside, tau qhia nws txoj kev sib raug zoo rau cov qauv ntawm acyl moieties (phenolic acid thiab tyrosol). Feem ntau, kev hloov kho lossis hloov pauv ntawm catechol moiety ntawm acyl chav tsev ua rau muaj qhov txo qis hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov pa tawm tawm tsam cov pa oxygen reactive (ROS) thiab DPPH radical. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no tam sim no, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv vitro muaj peev xwm ntawm peb broomrape extracts (OC, PA, thiab PR) tau tshuaj xyuas nrog ABTS thiab DPPH kev soj ntsuam, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau muab piv rau ob qho tib si nrog rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kheej phenylpropanoid Cheebtsam ntsuas hauv peb txoj kev kawm yav dhau los [8]. Cov txiaj ntsig tau nthuav tawm raws li Trolox Equivalents (TE) thiab IC50 qhov tseem ceeb (Table 2). Feem ntau, tag nrho peb cov extracts yog cov khoom zoo ntawm ob qho tib si ABTS thiab DPPH radicals tab sis kuj tau pom qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv kuaj (kwv yees TE yog nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 0.5–0.7; 1.0 yog qhov sib npaug ntawm Trolox). Antiradical scavenging kev ua ntawm cov qauv yog raws li nram no: Trolox > OC > PA > PR. Cov extract ntawm Orobanche Caryophyllaceae (IC50=155-275 µg/mL) muaj ntau dua 20 feem pua kev ua haujlwm ntau dua Phelipanche ramosa extract (IC50=200–320 µg/mL).
Qhov tshaj tawm tshaj tawm radical scavenging kev ua si ntawm OC extract tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm PPGs siab tshaj plaws(phenylpropanoid tshuajglycosides)Cov ntsiab lus hauv cov qauv no, nrog rau kev nkag siab ntawm acteoside, nws cov khoom tseem ceeb, uas raws li kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los [8,19] yog ib qho ntawm cov dawb radical scavengers uas muaj zog tshaj plaws ntawm cov metabolites los ntawm pawg no (TEDPPH=0). 87; [4] ib. Txawm li cas los xij, xav txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm antiradical thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm phenylpropanoids hauv OC, PA, thiab PR extracts, tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob yam no (r < 0.5),="" qhia="" txog="" cov="" tswv="" yim="" tseem="" ceeb="" ntawm="" qualitative="" profile.="" qhov="" no="" feem="" ntau="" cuam="" tshuam="" nrog="" p.="" ramosa="" extract,="" uas="" txawm="" tias="" muaj="" qib="" siab="" ntawm="">(phenylpropanoid tshuajglycosides)({{0}}.8 g/g) yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev ua haujlwm lom neeg tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm cov qauv kuaj (TE ~ 0.5). PR extract, raws li tau hais los saum no, tsuas yog cov qauv uas muaj cov phenylpropanoids nrog coumaric lossis ferulic acids, cov khoom tsis muaj B-ring catechol moiety, uas tau tshaj tawm tias muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv oxidative tsawg. Plaub lub tebchaw PPG tau hloov kho caffeic acid, suav nrog 3-O-methylpoliumoside, ramose A, thiab wiedemannioside D, kuaj los ntawm peb yav dhau los muaj TEDPPH ntawm ib ncig ntawm 0.3 [8]. Yog li, tam sim no cov txiaj ntsig tau ua raws li thiab lees paub qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm yav dhau los antiradical hauv vitro kev sim ntawm phenylpropanoids.
As Chen et al. [20] piav, nws yog txuam nrog ntau dua H-pab peev xwm los yog stabilization ntawm radical los ntawm ntau pab pawg neeg ntawm ib tug sib tov ntawm cov tebchaw. Ob peb lub ntsiab lus tau raug txheeb xyuas los txhim kho cov kev ua haujlwm ncaj qha ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob polyphenols, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas cuam tshuam nrog cov lej thiab txoj haujlwm ntawm pawg hydroxyl. Nws ntseeg tau tias kev ua kom dawb radical scavenging nce ntxiv nrog rau cov pab pawg -OH. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov pab pawg no, nyob rau hauv ib qho molecule, muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua rau cov kev ua haujlwm uas tau ua. Cov tshuaj muaj zog ruaj khov yog cov muaj 3,4-dihydroxy moiety hauv lawv cov qauv, nrog rau cov uas muaj ntau dua ob pawg hydroxyl [21]. Cov qauv tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj antioxidant tso cai rau kev nkag siab txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antioxidant mechanism. Lopez-Munguía et al. [22] raws li qhov ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom (DFT)(phenylpropanoid tshuajglycosides)Cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ua haujlwm los ntawm kev ua ntu zus ntawm proton poob ib qho hluav taws xob hloov pauv (SPLET). Txawm li cas los xij, Li et al. [23] sim tshawb nrhiav cov txheej txheem ntawm phenolic phenylpropanoid antioxidants, xaus lus, tias PPGs (acteoside, forsythoside B, thiab poliumoside) tuaj yeem koom nrog ntau txoj hauv kev los tawm tsam cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antioxidant, txhim kho lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov piam thaj-residues.
Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias cov nroj tsuag tau txais cov tshuaj tua kab mob antioxidant yog cov kev hloov pauv ntawm hemostasis hauv cov kab mob plawv [24-26]. Ntau cov nroj tsuag siv hauv cov tshuaj ib txwm muaj cov qib tseem ceeb ntawm PPGs [27,28]. Tsis tas li ntawd, PPGs(phenylpropanoid tshuajglycosides)paub tias muaj ntau yam kev ua ub no, xws li tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, tshuaj tiv thaiv nephritic, thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv hepatoxic [29–33].
Hauv lawv txoj kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no, Jedrejek et al. [8] piav qhia txog kev sib cais ntawm PPGs(phenylpropanoid tshuajglycosides)los ntawm peb Polish broomrapes thiab soj ntsuam lawv cov kev ua antioxidant los ntawm DPPH test. Raws li qhov no, txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no ntsuas seb puas yog kaum xaiv PPGs cais tawm ntawm cov nroj tsuag no tuaj yeem txo qis.oxidativekev ntxhov siabHauv tib neeg plasma kho nrog lub zog lom oxidant, piv txwv li hydroxyl radical pub H2O2 / Fe, thiab hloov pauv coagulation zog ntawm cov ntshav hauv vitro. Cov khoom antioxidant ntawm kaum PPGs cais tau raug txiav txim raws li cov kev xaiv ntawmoxidativekev ntxhov siab: TBARS qib raws li cov cim ntawm lipid peroxidation, ua ke nrog cov pab pawg carbonyl thiab thiol pawg, raws li cov cim ntawm oxidative protein puas.
Ob leeg plasma lipid peroxidation thiab protein carbonylation qib hauv plasma induced los ntawm H2O2 / Fe tau txo qis nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm yim xeem tebchaw, viz. acteoside, crenatoside, 2′-O-acetylacteoside, pheliposide, arena sab hauv, tubuloside A, poliumoside thiab 3- O-methylpolimuoside, ntawm tag nrho cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas (1, 5 thiab 50 µg / mL); Txawm li cas los xij, tsis pom muaj txiaj ntsig rau ob ntawm cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke, viz. 2′-O-acetylpoliumoside thiab wiedemannioside D, los yog ib qho ntawm cov kev sim rho tawm ntawm ib qho concentration (1, 5, thiab 50 µg / mL). Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis muaj ib qho ntawm cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke lossis cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tau pom los tiv thaiv plasma tiv thaiv H2O2 / Fe - induced thiol pawg oxidation hauv cov protein (Fig. 3–5). Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom kuaj sim tuaj yeem yog qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom sib txuas nrog ntau yam khoom siv lom neeg.
Thawj thawj zaug, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb tam sim no qhia tias yim ntawm PPGs tau sim(phenylpropanoid tshuajglycosides)Ua kom pom kev muaj peev xwm antioxidant hauv tib neeg plasma nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm exogenous reactive oxygen hom los ntawm inhibiting lipid peroxidation thiab protein carbonylation hauv plasma kho nrog H2O2 / Fe. Tsis tas li ntawd, 2′-O-acetylpoliumoside thiab wiedemannioside D tsis muaj cov nyhuv zoo li no. Feem ntau, peb qhov kev tshawb pom zoo ib yam nrog cov kev sim hauv vitro yav dhau los ntawm PPGs. Heilmann et al. [19] thiab Jedrejek et al. [8] Qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov qauv tshuaj ntawm PPGs thiab lawv cov dej num. Antioxidant zog ntawm PPGs(phenylpropanoid tshuajglycosides)tshwm sim feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog cov qauv ntawm lawv cov acyl moieties, piv txwv li phenolic acid thiab phenylpropanoid chav tsev, nrog rau qhov muaj thiab / lossis hloov kho ntawm catechol moiety. Piv txwv li, wiedemannioside D tau pom tias poob nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidative ntawm plasma kho nrog H2O2 / Fe tom qab hloov nws cov caffeoyl moiety nrog feruloyl moiety.
Kev hloov pauv hauv cov txheej txheem coagulation feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawmoxidativekev ntxhov siab; Cov kev hloov no tuaj yeem hloov kho cov haujlwm ntawm cov hlab plawv thiab tuaj yeem ua rau kev txhim kho cov kab mob plawv [1]. Tawm ntawm kaum cov nroj tsuag thiab peb cov nroj tsuag rho tawm tau sim hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no, tubuloside, sab podium, thiab 3-O-methylpoliumoside thiab tag nrho cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tau pom tias ua rau lub sij hawm ntev thrombin ntawm txhua qhov kev sim siab, viz. 1, 5, thiab 50 µg/mL (Fig. 6B). Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj ib qho ntawm cov extracts no, lossis ib qho ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas, hloov PT lossis APTT (Fig. 6A thiab C).
Fig. 6. Cov teebmeem ntawm kev sim tshuaj (acteoside, crenatoside, 2′-O-acetylacteoside, pheliposide, arenarioside, tubuloside A, poliumoside, 3-O-methylpoliumoside, 2′-O-cetylpolimuoside, wiedemannioside D) thiab cog extracts (P. arenaria extract - PA, P. ramosa extract - PR, thiab O. caryophyllacea extract - OC) (1–50 µg/mL) ntawm cov kev xaiv hemostatic tsis nyob rau hauv cov ntshav: PT (A), TTn (B) thiab APTT (C). Cov ntaub ntawv sawv cev txhais tau tias ± SEM ntawm rau qhov kev sim ywj pheej.n* p < 0.05="" (vs.="" tswj),="" ns="" –="" p=""> 0.05 (vs. tswj).
Table 3 piv cov teebmeem ntawm PPGs (5 µg/mL) ntawm biomarkers ntawmoxidativekev ntxhov siabHauv plasma kho nrog H2O2 / Fe thiab lawv lub zog ntawm coagulation. Yim ntawm kev sim PPGs(phenylpropanoid tshuajglycosides)pom muaj peev xwm antioxidant tsuas yog nyob rau hauv tib neeg cov ntshav plasma kho; Txawm li cas los xij, peb qhov kev sim PPGs tau pom tias muaj ob qho tib si antioxidant zog thiab anticoagulant muaj peev xwm. Interestingly, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm DPPH xeem tsis sib haum nrog cov tau txais hauv cov qauv lom neeg siv tib neeg plasma kho nrog H2O2 / Fe: lub peev xwm antioxidant ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas yuav raug thaiv los ntawm qee cov tshuaj muaj nyob hauv cov ntshav.
Hauv kev xaus, peb qhov kev tshawb pom tam sim no tso lub teeb tshiab ntawm cov peev xwm antioxidant thiab cov khoom tiv thaiv coagulant ntawm PPGs(phenylpropanoid tshuajglycosides). Nws zoo nkaus li cov qauv ntawm PPGs(phenylpropanoid tshuajglycosides), tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj cov acyl thiab catechol moieties, feem ntau muaj feem xyuam rau lawv cov antioxidant thiab anticoagulant zog. Xaiv PPGs tuaj yeem muaj peev xwm kho tau cov kab mob plawv cuam tshuam nrogoxidativekev ntxhov siab. Txawm li cas los xij, kev sim ntxiv yog xav tau los txiav txim siab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tebchaw uas xav tau rau hauv vivo qauv.
Kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kev txaus siab nqe lus
Cov kws sau ntawv tshaj tawm tias lawv tsis paub txog kev sib tw nyiaj txiag lossis kev sib raug zoo ntawm tus kheej uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim los cuam tshuam cov haujlwm tau tshaj tawm hauv daim ntawv no.
Cov ntaub ntawv
[1] A. Daiber, S. Chlopicki, Revisiting pharmacology ntawmoxidativekev ntxhov siabthiab endothelial dysfunction nyob rau hauv cov kab mob plawv: pov thawj rau redox-raws li kev kho mob, Free Radic. Biol. Med. 157 (2020) 15–37.
[2] J.-J. Sauvain, A. Setyan, P. Wild, P. Tacchini, G. Lagger, F. Storti, S. Deslarzes, MJ Guillemin, M. Rossi, M. Riediker, Biomarkers ntawmoxidativekev ntxhov siabthiab nws txoj kev koom tes nrog kev txo cov zis hauv cov neeg ua haujlwm kho tsheb npav, J. Occupat. Med. Toxicol. 6 (2011) 18–23.
[3] P. Nowak, B. Olas, B. Wachowicz,Oxidativekev ntxhov siabthiab hemostasis, Post. Biochem. 56 (2010) 239–247.
[4] M. Martinez-Huelamo, J. Rodriguez-Morato, A. Boronat, R. de la Torre, Modulation of Nrf2 los ntawm txiv roj roj thiab cawv txiv hmab polyphenols thiab neuroprotection, Antioxidants 6 (2017) 73.
[5] S. Amor, P. Chalons, V. Aires, D. Delmas, Polyphenol extracts los ntawm liab cawu cub thiab grapevine: tej yam tshwm sim ntawm mob qog noj ntshav, Kab mob 6 (2018) 1–12.
[6] Z. Li, H. Lin, L. Gu, J. Gao, CM Tzeng, Herba Cistanche (Rou Cong-Rong): yog ib qho khoom plig zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov tshuaj suav tshuaj, Pem hauv ntej. Pharmacol. 7 (2016) 41–49.
[7] Y.J. Jiang, P.-F. Tu, Review: tsom xam cov tshuaj muaj nyob rau hauv Cistanche hom, J. Chromatogr. 1216 (2009) 1970–1979.
[8] D. Jedrejek, S. Pawelec, R. Piwowarczyk, L. Precio, A. Stochmal, Kev Qhia thiab tshwm sim ntawm phenylethanoid thiab iridoid glycosides nyob rau hauv rau Polish broomrapes (Orobanche spp. thiab Phelipanche spp., Orobanchemistrye (1), Orobanchemistrye (1), Xyoo 2020), 112189.
[9] B. Kontek, D. Jedrejek, W. Oleszek, B. Olas, Antiradical thiab antioxidant kev ua hauv vitro ntawm hops-derived extracts nplua nuj nyob rau hauv iab acids thiab xanthohumol, Ind. Crops Prod. 161 (2021) 1–9.
[10] W. Brand-Williams, ME Cuvelier, C. Berset, Siv cov txheej txheem dawb radical los ntsuas kev ua haujlwm antioxidant, Lebensm. Ws. Tshuab. 28 (1995) 25–30.
[11] JR Whitaker, PE Granum, Ib txoj hauv kev zoo rau kev txiav txim siab protein raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov nqus ntawm 235 thiab 280 nm, Anal. Biochem. 109 (1980) 156–159.
[12] B. Wachowicz, Adenine nucleotides nyob rau hauv thrombocytes ntawm noog, Cell Biochem. Ua haujlwm. 2 (1984) 167–170.
[13] G. Bartosz, Druga twarz tlenu, Warsz. PWN 1 (2008) 7.
[14] RL Levine, D. Garland, CN Oliver, A. Amici, I. Climent, AG Lenz, BW Ahu, S. Shaltier, ER Stadtman, Kev txiav txim siab ntawm carbonyl cov ntsiab lus hauv oxidatively modified proteins, Txoj Kev Enzym. 186 (1990) 464–478.
[15] DM Joel, J. Gressel, LJ (Eds.), Musselman, Parasitic Orobanchaceae: Parasitic Mechanisms and Control Strategies, Springer, Heidelberg, Germany, 2013, pp. 1–10.
[16] Y. Ando, M. Steiner, Sulphydryl thiab disulfide pawg ntawm platelet membranes: kev txiav txim siab ntawm pawg disulfide, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 311 (1973) 26–37.
[17] Y. Ando, M. Steiner, Sulphydryl thiab disulfide pawg ntawm platelet membranes: kev txiav txim siab ntawm sulphydryl pawg, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 311 (1973) 38–44.
[18] J. Malinowska, J. Kołodziejczyk-Czepas, M. Moniuszko-Szajwaj, I. Kowalska, W. Oleszek, A. Stochmal, B. Olas, Phenolic feem ntawm Trifolium pallidum thiab Trifolium scabrum aerial tiv thaiv tib neeg plasma. Kev hloov pauv los ntawm hyperhomocysteineemia, Food Chem. Toxicol. 50 (2012) 4023–4027.
[19] J. Heilmann, I. Calis, H. Kirmizibekmez, W. Schuhly, S. Harput, O. Stiher, Radical scavenger kev ua ntawmphenylpropanoid tshuajglycosideshauv FMLP txhawb nqa polymorphonuclear leukocytes: kev sib raug zoo-kev ua haujlwm, Planta Med. 66 (2000) 746–748.
[20] H. Chen, X. J. Food Prop. 19 (2015) 1183–1193.
[21] CA Rice-Evans, NJ Miller, G. Paganga, Cov qauv-antioxidant kev sib raug zoo ntawm flavonoids thiab phenolic acids, Dawb Radic. Biol. Med. 20 (1996) 933–956.
[22] A. Lopez-Munguía, ´ Y. Hernandez-Romero, ´ J. Pedraza-Chaverri, A. MirandaMolina, I. Regla, A. Martínez, E. Castillo, Phenylpropanoid glycoside analogs: enzymatic synthesis, antioxidant kev ua thiab theoretical kawm txog lawv cov dawb radical scavenger mechanism, PloS One 6 (2011) 20115.
[23] X. Li, Y. Xie, K. Li, W. H. Xie, Q. Guo, P. Xue, Y. Maleshibek, W. Zhao, J. Guo, D. Chen, Antioxidation thiab cytoprotection. ntawm acteoside thiab nws cov derivatives: kev sib piv thiab kev siv tshuaj lom neeg, Molecules 23 (2018) 498.
[24] SE Kulling, HM Rawel, Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) - tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom thiab cov txiaj ntsig kev noj qab haus huv, Planta Med. 74 (2008) 1625–1634.
[25] BJ Mc Txawm, Tus Cwj Pwm ntawm kev noj zaub mov thiab cov khoom noj ntawm platelet muaj nuj nqi, Semin. Thromb. Hemost. 40 (2008) 214–226.
[26] B. Olas, Lub multifunctionality ntawm berries rau cov ntshav platelets thiab lub luag hauj lwm ntawm berry phenolics nyob rau hauv cov hlab plawv, Platelets 5 (2016) 1-10.
[27] UB Ismailoglu, I. Saracoglu, US Harput, I. Sahin-Eredemli, Cov teebmeem ntawm phenylpropanoid thiab iridoid glycosides ntawm cov dawb radical-induced impairment ntawm endothelium-dependent so nyob rau hauv nas aortic rings, J. Ethnopharmacol. 79 (2002) 193–197.
[28] ZF.
[29] K. Hayashi, T. Nagamatsu, M. Ito, H. Yagita, Y. Suzuki, Acteoside, ib feem ntawm Stachys sieboldii MIQ, tej zaum yuav yog ib tug cog lus antinephritic neeg sawv cev (3): cov nyhuv ntawm acetonide ntawm kev qhia ntawm intercellular adhesion molecule-1 hauv kev sim nephritic glomeruli hauv nas thiab kab mob endothelial hlwb, Jpn. J. Pharmacol. 70 (1996) 157–168.
[30] Q. Xiong, K. Hase, Y. Tezuka, T. Tani, T. Namba, S. Kadota, Hepatoprotective act of phenylpropanoids from Cistanche deserticola, Planta Med. 64 (1998) 120–125.
[31] WF Chiou, LC Lin, CF Chen, Acteoside tiv thaiv cov hlwb endothelial tiv thaiv dawb radical-inducedoxidativekev ntxhov siab, J. Pham. Pharm. 56 (2004) 743–748.
[32] S. Sahpaz, N. Garbacki, M. Tits, F. Bailleul, Isolation and pharmacological act of phenylpropanoid esters from Marrubium vulgare, J. Ethnopharmacol. 79 (2002) 389–392.
[33] L. Lie-Chwen, W. Yea-Hwey, H. Yu-Chang, Ch Shiou, L. Kuo-Tong, Ch Yueh-Ching, W. Wen-Yen, S. Yoh-Chiang, Cov nyhuv inhibitory ntawmphenylpropanoid tshuajglycosidesthiab iridoid glucosides ntawm cov dawb radical ntau lawm thiab 2 integrin qhia nyob rau hauv tib neeg leucocytes, J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 58 (2006) 129–135.
