Antidepressant Activity Ntawm Cistanche Thiab Nws Metabolism hauv Vivo Thiab hauv Vitro
Mar 10, 2022
Hu rau: Audrey Hu Whatsapp / hp: 0086 13880143964 Email:audrey.hu@wecistanche.com
Abstract
Cistanche deserticola yog lub cev qhuav dej qia nrog nplai nplooj ntawmCistanche deserticola YC Malos yog Cistanche deserticola YC Ma los yog C. tubulosa (Schenk) R.Wight. Nws muaj lub luag haujlwm ntawm nourishing raum yang, nourishing essence thiab ntshav, moistening hnyuv, thiab laxatives. Nws yog ib lub npe nrov tonic suav tshuaj. Cov kev tshawb fawb tshuaj niaj hnub no tau lees paub tias Cistanche muaj cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb hauv neuroprotective, thiab nws cov nyhuv antidepressant kuj tau lees paub nyob rau xyoo tas los no, tab sis lub hauv paus thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab tseem tsis tau paub meej. Raws li kev ua tau zoo ib txwm muaj ntawm Cistanche tubulosa, peb tau tshawb fawb txog kev nyuaj siab thiab cov metabolism hauv vivo thiab hauv vitro thiab tau sau tseg cov kev tshawb fawb cov tswv yim ntawm no los muab cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev siv rau kev txhim kho cov tshuaj cuam tshuam txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev nyuaj siab ntawm cistanche nyob rau lub sijhawm tom qab.
Ntsiab lus: Cistanche tubulosa kev nyuaj siab, metabolism, kev ua si
Cistanche deserticola YC Ma
Kev nyuaj siab yog ib yam kab mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws. Cov kev tshwm sim tseem ceeb muaj xws li kev tu siab, tsis txaus siab, anhedonia, tsis qab los noj mov, ua txhaum, tsis muaj nqi rau tus kheej, pw tsis tsaug zog, qaug zog, tsis muaj zog concentration, thiab lwm yam. [1], txawm nyob rau hauv loj heev kev xav tua tus kheej thiab kev coj cwj pwm tau ua tus kab mob nrog. qhov kev tua tus kheej siab tshaj plaws hauv kev puas siab puas ntsws. Raws li kev txheeb cais los ntawm World Health Organization hauv 2017, muaj kwv yees li 350 lab tus tib neeg uas muaj kev nyuaj siab thoob ntiaj teb. Los ntawm 2020, nws yuav dhau los ua tus kab mob thib ob hauv ntiaj teb, nrog qhov xwm txheej txog li 20 feem pua [2,3].
Kev nyuaj siab yog ib qho kev puas siab puas ntsws uas tshwm sim los ntawm ntau yam xws li keeb kwm, kev loj hlob, ib puag ncig nyob, thiab lwm yam.
Tam sim no, cov tshuaj tseem ceeb rau kev kho mob ntawm kev nyuaj siab muaj xws li tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, thiab xaiv serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Cov tshuaj no feem ntau muaj qhov tsis zoo xws li nqaim antidepressant spectrum, tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab kev phiv loj [7-11]. Vim hais tias pathogenesis ntawm kev nyuaj siab yog qhov nyuaj thiab muaj ntau yam predisposing yam, nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo nrog cov tshuaj tsom rau ntawm ib qho txuas. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv kev txhim kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev nyuaj siab, cov kws tshawb fawb hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws tau them nyiaj ntau dua rau kev txhim kho thiab siv cov tshuaj ntuj uas muaj kev nyab xeeb dua, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, thiab muaj kev phiv tsawg dua [12-14].
Cistanche tubulosa yog lub qia qhuav, scaly, fleshy qia ntawm Cistanche deserticola (tom ntej no hu ua "Desert Cistanche") [15,16]. Nws yog ib tug paub zoo tonic tsoos suav tshuaj. Nws muaj cov teebmeem ntawm nourishing raum yang, nourishing essence thiab ntshav, thiab moisturizing plob tsis so tswj. Nws feem ntau yog siv rau qhov tsis txaus ntawm lub raum yang, tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus thiab cov ntshav, impotence thiab infertility, tsis muaj zog ntawm lub duav thiab lub hauv caug, tsis muaj zog ntawm cov leeg thiab pob txha, cov hnyuv qhuav, thiab cem quav. Nws yog feem ntau siv raum yang tshuaj yav dhau los. Pib los ntawm kev ua tau zoo ib txwm muaj, raws li nws cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntsig txog, peb tau ua tiav qhov kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab ntawm Cistanche thiab nws cov metabolism hauv vivo thiab hauv vitro. Tsab ntawv xov xwm no nthuav tawm thiab nthuav tawm cov tswv yim tshawb fawb thiab muab cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv siv rau kev txhim kho tom qab ntawm cov tshuaj uas cuam tshuam txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev nyuaj siab ntawm Cistanche.
Cistanche deserticola muaj ntau yam teebmeem, nyem qhov no kom paub ntau ntxiv
1. Cistanche antidepressant kev ua
Tam sim no, cov tshuaj rau kev kho mob ntawm kev nyuaj siab feem ntau muaj qhov tsis zoo xws li nqaim antidepressant spectrum, kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab cov kev mob tshwm sim loj (mob plab hnyuv, kev sib deev tsis ua haujlwm, mob taub hau, insomnia thiab daim tawv nqaij ua pob). Thawj kab tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab hauv kev siv tshuaj kho mob, xws li venlafaxine thiab fluoxetine [17,18], muaj kev phiv loj xws li cardiotoxicity, kub siab, kev sib deev tsis zoo, thiab kev pw tsaug zog tsis zoo [19].
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas qhov kev tshawb fawb pom tau tias 59.1 feem pua (604/1022) ntawm cov neeg mob uas siv cov tshuaj antidepressants muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg kev sib deev, thiab li ntawm 40 feem pua ntawm cov neeg mob kev nyuaj siab muaj kev sib deev los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev nyuaj siab. Kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo yog suav tias yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, uas cuam tshuam rau kev ua raws li tshuaj [20]. Ntawm lawv, norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors thiab serotonin reuptake inhibitors muaj qhov tshwm sim siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev sib deev tsis zoo [21,22]. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv qhov kev pom ntawm kev kho mob tam sim no rau kev nyuaj siab thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov tshuaj uas twb muaj lawm, Cistanche, raws li cov tshuaj feem ntau siv raum-yang yav dhau los, yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tshawb fawb thiab daim ntawv thov tus nqi.
1.1 Ib txwm ua tau zoo thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab ntawm Cistanche
Cistanche muaj keeb kwm ntev ntawm kev siv, thiab nws tau raug kaw nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov dynasties ntawm tshuaj ntsuab. Cov khoom siv tshuaj thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Cistanche tau pom thawj zaug hauv "Shen Nong's Materia Medica", uas tau teev tseg raws li qib siab tshaj plaws, muaj xws li: "cistanche, qab zib, sov me ntsis. txias thiab kub mob ntawm qia, nourishes tsib lub hauv nruab nrog cev, ntxiv dag zog rau yin, Replenishes tseem ceeb zog, muaj ntau cov menyuam yaus, poj niam cov kab mob, dysplasia, ntev kev pab cuam, thiab lub teeb lub cev [23]. "Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Kho Mob" muaj: "cistanche, cov pob txha muaj txiaj ntsig, muaj xim zoo siab, lub neej ntev, kev kho mob ntawm cov poj niam cov ntshav vau, impotence, hnub imperial ob npaug, thiab rov ua dua. Feem ntau liab thiab dawb, ntxiv cov ntsiab lus thiab tsis ua haujlwm, lub ntsej muag dub, qaug zog" [ 24] ib. "Cov duab ntawm Materia Medica" muaj: "cistanche, Westerners feem ntau siv nws los ua zaub mov, muab cov nplais tshem tawm, ntxuav nrog cawv, tshem tawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo dub, nyias nyias, thiab muab cov qos yaj ywm thiab mutton ua cov kua zaub. Nws zoo nkauj heev thiab. Siv cov tshuaj tonic" [25]. "Ben Cao Bei Yao" sau tseg tias Cistanche cistanche "replenishes tseem ceeb, noj tsib lub hauv nruab nrog cev thiab ntxiv dag zog rau cov pob txha thiab cov leeg" [26]. Ib cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv 2015 tsab ntawm Suav Pharmacopoeia: "Siab, qab ntsev, sov. Rov qab mus rau lub raum thiab txoj hnyuv loj meridian. Kom invigorate lub raum yang, nourish lub essence thiab cov ntshav, moisturize cov hnyuv thiab so lub plab. raum yang, tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm cov ntsiab lus thiab cov ntshav, impotence thiab infertility, duav mob lub hauv caug, cov leeg tsis muaj zog thiab cov pob txha, cov hnyuv qhuav thiab cem quav" [27].
"Cov ntsiab lus ntawm Materia Medica" kuj muaj cov lus piav qhia ntawm Cistanche rau kev kho mob neurasthenia thiab impotence [28], qhia tias cov tshuaj ib txwm muaj ntawm Cistanche suav nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab. Yog li ntawd, Cistanche tau siv los kho kev nyuaj siab thiab lwm yam paj hlwb nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm.
1.2 Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kev nyuaj siab ntawm Cistanche
Kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg ntawm Cistanche tau pib thaum xyoo 1980s, thiab cov kev tshawb fawb tau lees paub [29] tias Cistanche feem ntau muaj phenylethanoid glycosides, iridoids, thiab lawv cov glycosides, lignans thiab lawv glycosides, benzyl cawv glycosides, Qab Zib cawv, idecharac oligos, thiab lwm yam. volatile roj thiab lwm yam khoom xyaw. Txog tam sim no, ntau tshaj 100 hom kev sib txuas tau pom los ntawm Cistanche deserticola, suav nrog 120 hom suab puam cistanche thiab 75 hom cistanche. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis thiab kev tshawb fawb tob tob ntawm kev ua tau zoo ntawm Cistanche, kev ua tiav tau ua tiav hauv kev tshawb fawb txog kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm tshuaj ntawm Cistanche hauv xyoo tas los no. Cov kev tshawb fawb pharmacological niaj hnub tau lees paub tiasCistanchemuaj cov teebmeem neuroprotective [30-34]. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog phenethyl cawv hauv Cistanche cistanche
Cov tshuaj "cistanche tag nrho glycosides" capsules nrog glycosides yog cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb yog siv rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm Alzheimer's disease [35]. Phenyl ethanol glycosides tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev qhia ntawm tyrosine hydroxylase hauv substantia nigra thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm Dopamine (DA) hauv striatum los ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv Parkinson. Lub "monoamine transmitter imbalance hypothesis" ntawm pathogenesis ntawm kev nyuaj siab ntseeg hais tias lub paj hlwb cheeb tsam DA thiab lwm yam.
Qhov txo qis ntawm neurotransmitter synthesis thiab tso tawm yog ib qho ntawm cov kab mob ntawm kev nyuaj siab [36,37].
Yog li, phenoxyethanol glycosides hauv Cistanche tuaj yeem muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab. Tsis tas li ntawd, iridoid glycosides yog ib qho ntawm cov tshuaj tseem ceeb ntawm Cistanche cistanche, thiab catalog thiab geniposide hauv iridoid glycosides tau raug pov thawj los txhim kho kev nyuaj siab [38,39]. Yog li ntawd, peb xav tiasCistanchetej zaum yuav muaj qee yam tshuaj tiv thaiv kev nyuaj siab.
1.3 Kev sim kev tshawb fawb txog kev tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab ntawm Cistanche
Raws li tsab ntawv ceeb toom [40],Cistanche phenylethanoid glycosidestuaj yeem kho tus cwj pwm zoo li kev nyuaj siab hauv nas nrog perimenopausal syndrome. Cov txheej txheem yuav yog los ntawm kev tswj cov tshuaj estrogen ntawm cov qauv nas, yog li txhim kho cov hlab ntsha monoamine hauv lub hlwb. Transmitter theem. Wang et al. [41] pom tias decoction ntawm Cistanche cistanche tuaj yeem hloov pauv
Lub sij hawm immobility ntawm tus Tsov tus tw ncua kev sim ntawm Shan nas muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo rau kev ntxhov siab. Peb qhov kev tshawb fawb tau qhia [29] tiasCistanche tubulosatuaj yeem txhim kho kev nyuaj siab zoo li tus cwj pwm ntawm cov nas nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig xav tau; Kev tswj hwm tas li ntawm Cistanche tubulosa extract tuaj yeem txhim kho tus cwj pwm obsessive-compulsive ntawm nas nrog kev nyuaj siab tshwm sim los ntawm kev mob ntev uas tsis paub tseeb. Kev nyuaj siab zoo li tus cwj pwm coj cwj pwm tau pom nyob rau hauv kev ntsuam xyuas tus cwj pwm xws li kev ua luam dej, kev nyiam sucrose, qhib kev sim, thiab ib puag ncig kev noj zaub mov tshiab. Kev sib cais ntxiv thiab kev tshuaj xyuas ntawmCistanche tubulosaextract tau pom tias [29], 2 qhov chaw tuaj yeem txo cov sij hawm immobility hauv cov nas tail ncua kev sim, thiab cov kev ua ub no zoo dua li lwm qhov chaw polar. Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm Fr. 2 feem suav nrog 3 iridoid glycosides, 2 phenethyl cawv glycosides, thiab 2 phenol glycosides, ntawm cov iridoid glycosides 6-deoxycatalpol thiab 8-epiloganic acid muaj cov ntsiab lus siab tshaj. Nws tau raug tshaj tawm nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv [38,39] tias ob qho tib si iridoid compounds catalpol thiab geniposide muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab, thiab 6-deoxycatalpol (6-deoxycatalpol) tam sim no hauv Fr. 2 qhov chaw yog catalpol Cov qauv analogs ntawm 8-epiloganic acid thiab glucoside yog cov qauv analogs ntawm geniposide, qhia tias iridoid glycosides yuav yog ib qho ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev nyuaj siab ntawmCistanche tubulosa. Tsis tas li ntawd, Fr. 2 kuj muaj qee cov phenethyl cawv glycosides, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev nyuaj siab ntawmCistanche tubulosaextract yog siab dua cov kev ua ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev nyuaj siab ntawm nws cov polar qhov chaw. Cov nyhuv synergistic ntawm cov polar qhov chaw tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab. Cov txiaj ntsig hauv qhov kev hwm no yuav tsum tau lees paub ntxiv. Cov kev tshawb fawb tom ntej no yuav tsum tau cais cov tshuaj Cheebtsam ntawm Cistanche thiab tshuaj xyuas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev nyuaj siab.
1.4 Kawm txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab ntawm Cistanche
Txawm hais tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab ntawm Cistanche tau lees paub, lub hauv paus thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm nws cov tshuaj nquag tsis tau piav qhia tag nrho. Peb cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias [29], Cistanche tubulosa extract tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev nthuav qhia ntawm 5-HT thiab BDNF hauv hippocampus ntawm kev nyuaj siab qauv nas, nce qhov kev qhia ntawm 5-HT nyob rau hauv txoj hnyuv, thiab tuaj yeem ua tau zoo.
Nws tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov atrophy ntawm hippocampal neuron hlwb hauv nas hlwb cov ntaub so ntswg thiab muaj cov nyhuv neuroprotective. Raws li cov lus ceeb toom, catalpol, ib qho iridoid glycoside tivthaiv, tuaj yeem txhim kho kev nyuaj siab los ntawm kev kho HPA axis ua haujlwm tsis zoo, nce-tswj cov kev qhia ntawm lub hlwb-derived neurotrophic yam thiab lwm yam txheej txheem. Geniposide tuaj yeem ua tiav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab los ntawm kev kho HPA axis [38,39]. Cov txiaj ntsig no qhia tias cov khoom siv iridoid tuaj yeem yog ib qho ntawm cov hauv paus rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siabCistanchetubulosa, thiabCistanchetubulosaextract yuav txhawb nqa cov synthesis ntawm 5-HT hauv txoj hnyuv thiab nce 5-HT cov ntsiab lus hauv lub cev, yog li nce 5-HT hauv lub cev. Kev nthuav qhia hauv lub hlwb nce kev tiv thaiv ntawm BDNF ntawm lub hlwb paj hlwb kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev nyuaj siab. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj feem xyuam rau cov txheej txheem molecular ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm cov tshuaj antidepressant pharmacological kev ua ntawmCistanche Tubulosatseem tsis paub meej. Piv txwv li, uas neurotransmitter regulating receptor thiab neurotrophic yam regulating receptor ua si yuav tsum tau kawm ntxiv.
Ntau cov kev tshawb fawb nyob rau xyoo tas los no tau lees paub tias cov kab mob hauv plab tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau lub cev kev ua haujlwm, kev xav, thiab kev coj tus cwj pwm ntawm lub hauv paus paj hlwb los ntawm kev cuam tshuam rau "lub plab-hlwb axis". Nws tau raug tshaj tawm [42,43] tias kev nyuaj siab cuam tshuam nrog rau "lub plab-hlwb axis", thiab cov kev hloov hauv plab hnyuv muaj feem cuam tshuam rau lub cev tsis muaj zog, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis neurotransmitter signals, thiab lwm yam kev ua haujlwm rau cuam tshuam kev nyuaj siab. Peb qhov kev tshawb fawb kuj tau ua pov thawj tiasCistanche tubulosatuaj yeem tswj cov khoom ntawm cov saw luv fatty acids nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv thiab plab hnyuv metabolites uas ua rau lub sij hawm ntev thiab unpredictable stimulation ntawm kev nyuaj siab nyob rau hauv nas, thiab restore lub structural stability ntawm txoj hnyuv flora. Kev txheeb xyuas pom tau tias [29],Cistanche tubulosaKev nyuaj siab txhim kho cov hnyuv ntawm cov nas muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev txhim kho ntawm kev nyuaj siab ntsig txog cov cim qhia, qhia tias Cistanche tubulosa extract tuaj yeem cuam tshuam lub cev cov kab mob hauv plab hnyuv kab mob thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg, yog li cuam tshuam Monoamine neurotransmitters hauv lub hlwb, neurotrophic yam hauv lub hlwb, serotonin hauv lub cev. txoj hnyuv, thiab kev hloov pauv hauv kev tsim cov kab mob luv luv fatty acids kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm antidepressant.
2 Kev tshawb fawb txog cov metabolism hauv Cistanche hauv vivo thiab hauv vitro raws li cov metabolism hauv plab hnyuv.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tshuaj suav tshuaj yog qhov ncauj, uas txiav txim siab tias cov nyhuv ntawm cov tshuaj suav tshuaj suav nrog ze rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm plab hnyuv. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, kev tshawb pom ntawm lub hauv paus zoo ntawm Suav cov tshuaj raws li cov metabolism hauv plab hnyuv thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev noj qab haus huv raws li "lub plab-hlwb" axis tau nyiam ntau thiab ntau dua los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb. feem ntau
Lub zog acidic ib puag ncig ntawm lub plab thiab lub xub ntiag ntawm pepsin tuaj yeem ua rau hydrolyze glycosides rau hauv cov suab thaj, theem nrab glycosides lossis aglycons, plab hnyuv plab enzymes (feem ntau pancreatin) hauv cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cov hnyuv, thiab cov enzymes metabolic nyob rau hauv lub epithelial hlwb ntawm txoj hnyuv. (nrog rau ntau theem I metabolic enzymes thiab theem II metabolic enzymes), nrog rau cov enzymes metabolic uas tsim los ntawm cov hnyuv, yuav ua rau ntau yam kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tshuaj suav tshuaj. Yog li ntawd, txoj kev tshawb fawb txog cov txheej txheem ntawm lub plab zom mov biotransformation ntawm cov tshuaj suav tshuaj suav tshuaj yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev piav qhia qhov zoo ntawm cov tshuaj suav tshuaj. Piv txwv li, echinacoside, ib qho ntawm cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb thiab cov cim cim ntawm Cistanche, cov kev tshawb fawb pharmacokinetic tau lees paub tias qhov ncauj qhov ncauj tsis muaj peev xwm (F, feem pua) ntawm echinacoside tsuas yog 0.83 feem pua, thiab nws Tmax tsuas yog 15. min, T1 / 2 yog 74.4 min [44]. Tsis tas li ntawd, hauv Caco-2 qauv cell, nws txoj hnyuv permeabilization. Tus overrate kuj qis heev (Papp AP rau BL=0.98 × 10-7 cm·s-1) [45], qhov no zoo li
Cov txiaj ntsig tsis sib haum xeeb qhia tias echinacoside muaj peev xwm tsim cov metabolites nquag tom qab tau metabolized nyob rau hauv lub plab zom mov thiab raug nqus mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha kom ua tau zoo. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom [46] tias echinacoside yog metabolized sai sai rau hauv caffeic acid thiab hydroxytyrosol (HT) hauv tib neeg txoj hnyuv kab mob, thiab caffeic acid yuav txuas ntxiv mus metabolized rau 3-hydroxy hauv cov kab mob hauv plab. Phenylpropionic acid. Caffeic acid, 3-HPP, thiab hydroxy Glytyrosol muaj tib yam tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidant [47,48], anti-inflammatory [49,50] thiab neuroprotective [51,52] biological kev ua ub no li echinacoside thiab verbascoside, yog li nws muaj peev xwm tau txiav txim siab tias phenylethanoid glycosides Feem ntau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm prodrugs, tom qab kev tswj hwm qhov ncauj, lawv tau metabolized los ntawm txoj hnyuv flora rau hauv hydroxytyrosol thiab 3-HPP nrog tib yam kev ua. Tom qab tau nqus mus rau hauv cov ntshav, lawv koom tes los ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov tshuaj pharmacological. Cov kev tshawb fawb sab hauv thiab sab nraud ntawm cov decoction ntawm Cistanche cistanche decoction tau ua pov thawj [29] tias cov tshuaj tseem ceeb ntawmphenylethanoid glycosidesyog metabolized los ntawm plab hnyuv ib ntsuj av los tsim metabolites nrog tib yam kev ua si raws li cov qauv qauv. Derivative 3-hydroxy phenylpropionic acid, iridoid glycosides yog metabolized rau hauv lawv cov aglycones.
Piv nrog rau cov kab mob plab hnyuv ntawm cov neeg noj qab haus huv, cov txheeb ze ntawm Bacteroides, Proteobacteria, thiab Actinomycetes hauv plab hnyuv ntawm cov neeg mob kev nyuaj siab pom tau tias muaj kev nce ntxiv, thiab Firmicutes pom qhov poob qis [53]. Cov kev hloov pauv no, ntxiv rau kev cuam tshuam rau lub cev lub cev ntawm cov neeg mob, raug khi los cuam tshuam cov enzymes metabolic thiab lawv cov dej num ntawm ntau yam metabolic tshwm sim los ntawm txoj hnyuv, thiab tom qab ntawd cuam tshuam rau tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm qhov ncauj tshuaj metabolism hauv plab hnyuv. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev kho mob ntau dua los kawm txog kev noj zaub mov metabolism ntawmCistanche tubulosanyob rau hauv lub xeev pathological ntawm kev nyuaj siab. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau qhia [29] tias qhov sib txawv ntawm cov metabolic ntawmCistanche tubulosaExtracts nyob rau hauv lub plab hnyuv flora ntawm ib txwm thiab kev nyuaj siab nas feem ntau yog tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem metabolic, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv desugar thiab isomerization muaj peev xwm ntawm pathological nas plab hnyuv flora yog ho tsis muaj zog tshaj lub plab hnyuv flora ntawm ib txwm nas thiab lub peev xwm metabolic ntawm txoj hnyuv flora. Cov nas kev nyuaj siab yog qhov tsis muaj zog tshaj li cov nas ib txwm muaj. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov metabolism hauvCistanche tubulosaextract nyob rau hauv ib txwm thiab kev nyuaj siab nas tau raug pov thawj los mas manifested nyob rau hauv lub pathological theem II metabolism thiab slowing down ntawm excretion tus nqi nyob rau hauv nas. Yog vim li cas tej zaum yuav yog hais tias lub xeev pathological ntawm kev nyuaj siab ua rau poob ntawm metabolic muaj peev xwm thiab metabolism hauv nas. Txo cov qib enzyme. Phenyl ethanol glycosides nyob rau hauv Cistanch yog metabolized los ntawm plab hnyuv flora ntawm kev nyuaj siab nas nas mus rau hydroxytyrosol, caffeic acid (nrog meej antidepressant kev ua si), 3-hydroxy phenylpropionic acid, thiab iridoid glycosides yog metabolized Raws li nws cov aglycon yog yooj yim metabolites, nws gastrointestinal metabolized. absorbed rau hauv cov ntshav los ntawm txoj hnyuv kom exert nws efficiency. Yog li, vim muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov kab mob hauv plab hnyuv thiab metabolic enzymes hauv lub cev nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej pathological, muaj qee qhov sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem metabolic ntawm cov tshuaj hauv lub cev nyob rau hauv lub cev ib txwm muaj thiab kev nyuaj siab pathological. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau cov kev tshawb fawb metabolic feem ntau tsuas yog tsom mus rau cov metabolism hauv lub cev ib txwm muaj, yog li kev soj ntsuam tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tau txais tsawg heev. Kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov metabolism hauv sab hauv thiab sab nraud ntawm cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej pathological, thiab kev sib piv nrog cov metabolism hauv ib txwm thiab sab nraud ntawm cov tshuaj, muaj ntau qhov kev qhia tseem ceeb hauv kev kho mob thiab tseem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev elucidation ntawm cov tshuaj cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua thiab cov khoom siv hauv paus. .
3. xaus
Kev nyuaj siab yog ib qho kev puas siab puas ntsws uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntau yam, uas cuam tshuam rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Txij li thaum lub tshuab tsis tau piav qhia tag nrho, kev tshawb fawb txog nws txoj kev tiv thaiv tau cuam tshuam. Tam sim no, cov tshuaj nquag hauv kev kho mob tuaj yeem txhim kho cov tsos mob, tab sis tseem tsis muaj kev kho, thiab cov kev mob tshwm sim loj heev. Cov tshuaj suav tshuaj niaj hnub muaj kev paub dhau los hauv kev tiv thaiv thiab kho kev nyuaj siab. Cistanche yog ib hom tshuaj tonic suav zoo. Nws tau raug kaw nyob rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm kev nyuaj siab thiab lwm yam kab mob neurological nyob rau hauv ancient tsoos functions. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yog cov tshuaj feem ntau siv raum-yang yav dhau los. Nws muaj cov nyhuv antidepressant zoo, tib lub sijhawm, nws kuj tuaj yeem daws cov kev kho mob ntawm kev nyuaj siab thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov tshuaj uas twb muaj lawm, thiab txhim kho kev sib deev tsis zoo, uas yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tshawb fawb thiab daim ntawv thov tus nqi. Niaj hnub nimno pharmacology kuj tau lees paub tias nws cov tshuaj lom neeg tseem ceeb thiab cov extracts muaj zog tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo los nrhiav cov tshuaj muaj txiaj ntsig thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom rau kev nyuaj siab los ntawm cov tshuaj ib txwm siv Cistanche. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, raws li lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb ntawm gastrointestinal metabolism hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshuaj ua tau zoo, tag nrho qhia meej lub hauv paus thiab mechanism ntawm nws antidepressant active tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub cev los ntawm lub foundations ntawm gastrointestinal metabolism, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev txhawb nqa.Cistanche-related antidepressant tshuaj tseem ceeb.
