Kev nce qib hauv cov tshuaj Parkinson's Disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) yog qhov thib ob uas muaj hnub nyoog neurodegenerative muaj feem cuam tshuam thoob ntiaj teb tom qab Alzheimer's kab mob [1–3], nyob rau hauv uas ib puag ncig thiab noob caj noob ces ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. PD yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm dopamine deficiency vim dopaminergic neuronal tuag nyob rau hauv substantia nigra pars compacta, thiab Lewy lub cev tsim, muaj alpha-synuclein thiab ubiquitin [4].

Nyem rau cistanche tubulosa capsules rau Parkinson tus kab mob

Dystonia, bradykinesia, rigidity, so tremor, thiab cov leeg nqaij cramps yog cov tsos mob tshwm sim tshaj plaws hauv cov neeg mob PD. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tsos mob uas tsis yog lub cev muaj zog, xws li kev xav thiab kev pw tsaug zog tsis zoo, apathy, kev nyuaj siab, thiab kev paub tsis meej kuj tau piav qhia [5]. Txog niaj hnub no, txawm hais tias PD tsis muaj kev daws teeb meem, ntau qhov kev siv zog tau ua hauv kev tshawb nrhiav tshuaj thiab xa mus los tshawb xyuas cov kev kho mob muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los txo cov tsos mob thiab muab kev pab luv luv [6].

Levodopa (LD) yog suav tias yog cov tshuaj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws los kho cov tsos mob ntawm PD. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tshuaj ntxiv xws li monoamine oxidase B inhibitors, amantadine, anticholinergics, blockers, lossis dopamine agonists, feem ntau siv [7]. Hauv Qhov Teeb Meem Tshwj Xeeb no, tsib qhov kev koom tes, suav nrog plaub qhov kev tshuaj xyuas thiab ib tsab xov xwm tshawb fawb thawj zaug, tau sau tseg, los qhia txog cov kev tshawb pom tshiab tshaj plaws ntawm cov tswv yim kho tshiab lossis cov kev muaj peev xwm los siv kev paub txog kev tshawb fawb hauv thaj tsam ntawm cov kab mob neurodegenerative.

Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev nqis peev hauv kev tshawb fawb txog kev tsim cov tshuaj tshiab los txhim kho cov txheej txheem kho mob ntawm PD. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm dopaminergic thiab non-dopaminergic cov neeg ua haujlwm tau raug tshuaj xyuas los ntawm De Bello li al. [8].

Kev tshawb nrhiav tsom mus rau cov receptor ligands tsis ntev los no uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev txuas ntxiv LD cov lus teb thiab txo qis cov kev mob tshwm sim tsis zoo. Ua raws li tib txoj kab kev tshawb fawb, Carrarini thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm sib koom ua ke [9], dhau los ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm PD cov tshuaj kho mob uas tsim nyog hauv txhua theem kho mob ntawm tus kab mob thiab muab cov kev kho mob uas tsis yog tshuaj kho-txhawb nqa. Lawv kuj tau hais txog qhov yuav tsum tau tshawb xyuas biomarkers thiab cov tsos mob prodromal rau PD kev loj hlob.

Ib txoj hauv kev hloov pauv tau raug tshuaj xyuas los ntawm Ciulla li al. [10]. Lawv tau tshuaj xyuas lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov khoom noj los yog cov khoom noj ua haujlwm raws li cov khoom siv ntuj tsim, phytochemicals, vitamins, thiab minerals rau lawv lub peev xwm los ncua lossis txo cov tsos mob ntawm PD. Cov natural thiab cog-derived compounds nteg lub hauv paus rau tshiab kho txoj kev.

Qhov tseeb, feem ntau ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tau nthuav tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob antioxidant thiab tiv thaiv kab mob, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tawm tsam oxidative kev nyuaj siab thiab ua rau dopaminergic neurons 'neuroprotection.

Kev koom tes ntxiv xav txog cov tswv yim kho mob kom txo tau oxidative kev nyuaj siab thiab hlau dyshomeostasis, cov xwm txheej uas feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog PD. Tosato et al. [11] tshaj tawm cov npe ntawm 800 lub tebchaw koom nrog kev tswj hwm ntawm PD.

Ntawm cov chaw tshawb fawb, 250 cov tebchaw tau raug txiav txim siab rau lawv cov khoom siv hlau-chelating ntawm ions uas tau koom nrog hauv kev poob ntawm cov hlau homeostasis hauv PD. Ntxiv mus, Di Stefano et al. piav qhia txog cov sulfur- thiab ntsiag to-L-Dopa derivatives hu ua SP1-6 [12].

Ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas, SP6 tau qhia txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antioxidant thiab kev tiv thaiv tseem ceeb, tiv thaiv cov nyhuv neurotoxic ntawm 6-hydroxydopamine thiab H2O2 hauv RA/PMA-differentiated SY-SH5Y neuroblastoma cell kab. SP6's lom neeg ua haujlwm tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog nws lub peev xwm los kho qhov tsis muaj selenium, uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev txawj ntse qis thiab txo lub cev muaj zog hauv cov neeg mob PD.

Cistanche tiv thaiv tus kab mob Parkinson li cas?

Cistanche yog cov tshuaj ntsuab uas ib txwm siv hauv Suav teb los txhim kho lub hlwb ua haujlwm thiab tiv thaiv cov kab mob neurodegenerative zoo li Parkinson tus kab mob. Nws ntseeg tau hais tias cov bioactive compounds pom nyob rau hauv Cistanche xws li echinacoside, acteoside, thiab cistanosides muaj antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, thiab neuroprotective zog uas pab tiv thaiv kev tuag ntawm dopaminergic neurons nyob rau hauv lub hlwb.

Dopaminergic neurons yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tsim cov dopamine, ib qho neurotransmitter uas tseem ceeb heev rau kev tswj kev txav thiab mus ob peb vas. Kev poob ntawm dopamine-tsim neurons yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Parkinson tus kab mob. Los ntawm kev tiv thaiv thiab khaws cia cov neurons no, Cistanche tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv lossis ua kom qeeb ntawm tus kab mob Parkinson. Txawm li cas los xij, xav tau kev tshawb fawb ntau ntxiv kom paub meej tias qhov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm Cistanche rau Parkinson tus kab mob.

Xa musnces

1 Bologna, M. Truong, D.; Jankovic, J. Lub etiopathogenetic thiab pathophysiological spectrum ntawm parkinsonism. J. Neurol. Sci. 2021, 120012. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

2. Laserra, S.; Taub, A.; Tsoo, P.; Marinelli, L.; ib. Fornasari, E.; Cacciatore, kuv.; Ciulla, M.; Türkez, H.; Geyikoglu, F.; Di Stefano, A. Khoom lipid nanoparticles loaded nrog lipoyl-memantine codrug: Kev npaj thiab tus cwj pwm. Int. J. Pharm. 2015, 485, 183–191. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

3. Armstrong, MJ; Okun, MS Diagnosis thiab kho tus kab mob Parkinson: Kev tshuaj xyuas. JAMA 2020, 323, 548–560. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

4. Miller, KM; Mercado, NM; Sortwell, CE Synucleinopathy-uas cuam tshuam pathogenesis hauv Parkinson tus kab mob thiab lub peev xwm rau lub hlwb-derived neurotrophic yam. NPJ Park. Dis. 2021, 7, 35. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

5. Aarsland, D.; Taub, L.; Halliday, GM; Geurtsen, GJ; Ballard, C.; Chaudhuri, KR; Weintraub, D. Parkinson kab mob cuam tshuam txog kev paub tsis meej. Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers 2021, 7, 47. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

6. Cacciatore, I.; Ciulla, M.; Marinelli, L.; ib. Eusepi, P.; DI Stefano, A. Advances in prodrug design for Parkinson's disease. Expert Opin. Drug Discov. 2018, 13, 295–305. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

7. Charvin, D.; Medori, R.; Hauser, RA; Rascol, O. Cov tswv yim kho mob rau Parkinson tus kab mob: Tshaj li cov tshuaj dopaminergic. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. Xyoo 2018, 17, 804–822. [CrossRef] 8. Del Bello, F.; Giannella, M. Giorgioni, G.; Piergentili, UA; Quaglia, W. Receptor Ligands li Pab Tes Rau L-DOPA hauv Kev Kho Mob Parkinson's Disease. Biomolecules 2019, 9, 142. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

9. Carrarini, C.; Rau, M.; Dono, F.; Di Pietro, M. Rispoli, MG; Di Stefano, V.; Ferri, L.; Barbone, F.; Vitale, M.; Thomas, A.; ua al. Ib theem-raws li txoj hauv kev rau Kev Kho Mob hauv Parkinson's Disease. Biomolecules 2019, 9, 388. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

10. Ciulla, M.; Marinelli, L.; ib. Cacciatore, kuv.; Di Stefano, A. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev noj zaub mov ntxiv hauv Kev Tswj Xyuas Kab Mob Parkinson. Biomolecules 2019, 9, 271. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

11. Tosato, M.; Di Marco, V. Hlau Chelation Therapy thiab Parkinson's Disease: Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Tseem Ceeb ntawm Thermodynamics of Complex formion of Relevant Metal Ions and Promising or Founded drugs. Biomolecules 2019, 9, 269. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

12. Di Stefano, A.; Marinelli, L.; ib. Eusepi, P.; Ciulla, M.; Fuller, S.; Di Filippo, ES; Magliulo, L.; Dibias, G.; Cacciatore, I. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Selenyl and Sulfur-l-Dopa Derivatives as Potential Anti-Parkinson's Disease Agents. Biomolecules 2019, 9, 239. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Antonio Di Stefano * thiab Lisa Marinelli

Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Ltalis