Noj pears Brighten koj daim tawv nqaij?

Hu rau: ali.ma@wecistanche.com

Abstract

Keeb kwm: Pearstau siv thoob ntiaj teb los ua khoom noj qab zib thiab khoom noj khoom haus thiab tshuaj pej xeem rau ntau tshaj li ob txhiab xyoo.

Txoj kev:Peb tau ua qhov kev tshuaj xyuas los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv qub qub rau cov ntaub ntawv tam sim no kom rho tawm cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj-raws li kev ua haujlwm ntawmtxiv pears.

Cov txiaj ntsig:Peb pom qhov ntawdtxiv pearsmuaj ntau active compounds, xws li,flavonoids, triterpenoids, thiab phenolic acids suav nrog arbutin, chlorogenic acid, malaxinic acid, thiab lwm yam. Cov kws tshawb fawb feem ntau pom zoo tias cov tshuaj muaj txiaj ntsig muaj nyob hauv cov tev. Los ntawm ntau yam hauv vitro, hauv vivo, thiab tib neeg kev tshawb fawb, cov tshuaj ua haujlwm ntawm pearscan tau sau tseg raws li kev tiv thaiv ntshav qab zib, - rog, -hyperlipidemic, - mob, -mutagenic, thiab -carcinogenic cuam tshuam, detoxification ntawm xenobiotics, ua pa thiab cardio-tiv thaiv. cuam ​​tshuam, thiab tawv nqaijntxuav hniav dawbteebmeem. Yog li ntawd, pearsseem yuav ua tau zoo rau kev tiv thaiv los ntawm Covid-19 lossis PM2.5 ntawm cov neeg muaj kev pheej hmoo siab nrog ntau yam kab mob.

Xaus:Rau tam sim no lossis tom qab Covid-19 era,txiv pearsmuaj peev xwm ua tau cov zaub mov ua haujlwm lossis tshuaj rau cov kab mob sib kis thiab tsis sib kis.

Ntsiab lus: Pears, Tshuaj muaj nuj nqi, Detoxification, fiber, Arbutin,Flavonoids

nyem rau cistanche cov kev mob tshwm sim thiab cov txiaj ntsig rau kev tiv thaiv kev laus

Keeb kwm

Pears(Pyrus spp.) tau siv los ua pej xeem tshuaj thiab noj qab nyob zoo rau ntau tshaj ob txhiab xyoo [1]. Lub npe genus Pyrus, ntawm tsev neeg Rosaceae, tuaj yeem siv rau ob qho tib si pears thiab txiv apples, txawm hais tias Malus yog cov npe npe feem ntau siv rau txiv apples, thaum Pyrus (P.) feem ntau siv rau pears. Pears muaj ob hom loj, 'European' lossis 'Western' pears, piv txwv los ntawm P. communis, thiab 'Asian' pears, feem ntau, P. pyrifolia[2], txawm tias tsawg kawg yog 22 hom pears nrog ntau tshaj 5000subspecies lossis accessions tau lees paub [3].Cov ntsiab lus xws li 'Korean pear', 'Japanese pear' thiab 'Suav pear' feem ntau siv sib hloov, tab sis muaj tseeb dua qhia txog thaj chaw milieux los ntawm qhov sib txawv accessions hloov zuj zus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntawm P. pyrifolia, tab sis kuj los ntawm P. bretschneideri, P. sinkiangensis, thiab P.ussuriensis. Raws li evolutionary, morphological andgeographical yam ntxwv, pears tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob yam tseem ceeb, piv txwv li, European thiab Asian. Asianpears suav nrog P. pyrifolia, uas yog puag ncig-puab, muaj cov nqaij ntshiv, cov ntsiab lus qab zib, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog fructose, cov ntsiab lus tsis tshua muaj kua qaub, tsawg aroma, thiab tsw tsw, txheeb ze rau Western lossis European.txiv pears, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog P. com munis, featuring gourd-puab nrog cov nqaij mos thiab du, ob peb lub pob zeb, thiab muaj zog aroma thiab tsw [4].Ntawm Asian pears, tsoos Korean pears, P. faurieand P. serotina, yog me dua niaj hnub. cultivars thiab tau tsim rau lub zos saj, tsw, thiab ntau yam kev xav tau[5–7]. Asian pears cultivars tau tshaj tawm tias muaj ntau dua ntawm phenolics, arbutin, thiab chlorogenicacid dua li Western pears [8, 9]. Tshwj xeeb, Koreanpears tuav cov ntsiab lus ntau dua ntawm qab zib, potassium, thiab dej, txheeb ze rau Western pears [10]. Cov npe kev tshawb fawb, cov ntsiab lus, thiab cov npe ntawm ntau hom pear muaj nyob rau hauv Table 1.

Nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Asia suav nrog Kaus Lim Kauslim, Nyiv thiab Tuam Tshoj, pearshave tau siv rau ntau hom kev siv tshuaj, xws li cov tsos mob ua pa ua pa, tswj kev ua npaws, kho mob, haus cawv, thiab lwm yam. [11, 12]. Tshwj xeeb, pears tau siv rau kev zom cov nqaij, xws li kev sib tw hauv kev ua noj ntawm nqaij nyug thiab khoom qab zib tom qab noj Korean BBQ, Bulgogi. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev ua haujlwm ntawm pears ntawm cawv hangover tau lees paub los ntawm cov pov thawj tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no. Ntawd yog, kev tshawb fawb hauv vitro thiab hauv vivo tau pom tias Kaus Lim Kauslim pears (P. pyrifolia cv.Shingo) txhawb cov cawv tseem ceeb metabolizing enzymes thiab tshem tawm lub cev hnyav ntawm cawv thiab aldehyde [10]. Clinical trials kuj qhia tau hais tias covtxiv pearsalleviate cov tsos mob [13] Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau tus kws tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no tau pom cov tshuaj kho mob tshiab ntawm pears los ntawm ntau cov kev tshawb fawb suav nrog kev tshuaj ntsuam tshuaj, khoom noj khoom haus, thiab hauv vitro, hauv vivo, thiab tib neeg kev tshawb fawb [4]. Yog tias peb paub ntxiv txog kev ua haujlwm ib txwm ua thiab kev siv hauv zos ntawm pears, nws yuav pab tau kom paub cov tshuaj tshiab ntawm pears. Yog li ntawd, peb tau ua qhov kev tshuaj xyuas zoo los muab cov ntaub ntawv tam sim no ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm pears, nrog rau kev siv thaum ub thiab hauv zos.

Tsoos siv pears

Hauv Kaus Lim Kauslim, pears tau cog qoob loo raws li pej xeem tshuaj thiab ua cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qab zib txij li lub sijhawm Samhan (ca. 300BCE - 300 CE) [5]. Lub Taylor-Schechter Genizah sau los ntawm ib tug neeg Yudais hais txog pears nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tshuaj ntau tshaj ib txhiab xyoo dhau los [14].The Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing (神農本草經), thawj cov tshuaj suav tshuaj suav tshuaj luam tawm ca. CE220, tau piav qhia txog kev siv pears los txo qhov kub taub hau, quenching nqhis dej, thiab suppressing hnoos [1]. BenCao Gang Mu (本草綱目) [15], Suav kws tshuaj encyclopedia, piav qhia txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm thiab ntau yam kev siv ntawmtxiv pearsNyob rau hauv Suav teb, uas yog hais tias pears qab zib thiab me ntsis qaub, txias, thiab tsis muaj teeb meem, txawm li cas los xij, pomuch noj pears ua rau tib neeg nyias thiab tsis muaj zog thiab ua rau raws plab. Rau cov kev kho mob tseem ceeb, cov ntawv mus rau: lawv kho kub taub hau, txo hnoos, thiab quenchthirst. Ib daim ntawm pear yog siv los txo qhov mob thiab tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj hauv qhov txhab hlawv. Lawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau dysarthria tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua npaws tsis tu ncua, mob stroke, thiab hypothermia, txo qhov kub taub hau los ntawm ague thiab muab txiaj ntsig rau kev tso zis thiab tso zis. Lawv mollify chesttightness, dyspnea, thiab cov tsos mob ntawm lub hlwb tshwm sim los ntawm hyperpyrexia. Lawv ntxiv moisturize ntsws, txias hauv plawv, tshem cov hnoos qeev, thiab detoxify abscesses thiab cawv lom. Pear paj tau hais tias ntxuav lub ntsej muag, thiab decoction ntawm pear ntoo bark muab txiaj ntsig rau cov kab mob raws caij nyoog los ntawm huab cua txias. Theleaves tau sau npe rau kev kho mob scrotal hernia, thaum pounded nplooj extracts tau siv tawm tsam mushroompoisoning [15].

Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm pears

Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm pears yog dej (kwv yees li.80 feem pua), qab zib thiab fructose (kwv yees li 15 feem pua), thiab fiber (kwv yees li 2 feem pua): Koreantxiv pearspom qee qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm dej, qab zib, poov tshuaj ntau dua li Western pears (Bartlett: P. communis), thaum Bartlett pom qee qhov siab ntawm fiber ntau thiab calcium [10].

Ntau yam active compounds nyob rau hauv pears tau raug txheeb xyuas, xws li polyphenols (phenolic acids,flavonoids), triterpenes, thiab glucosides [16, 17]. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov phenolic compounds tshwm sim hauv nplooj, tom qab los ntawm cov noob, peels, thiab pulps. Cov phytonutrients feem ntau yog nplua nuj inpeels tshaj cov pulp [18, 19]. Pears muaj tuab peelscontaining pectin, thiab pob zeb hlwb nrog cov tuab tuab heev, lignified phab ntsa ntawm ntau lignin thiab cellulose[20, 21]. Kev loj hlob ntawm cov pob zeb pob zeb tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog kev sib txuas, hloov pauv, thiab tso tawm ntawm lignin. Raws li ib tug yuav xav tau, cov tshuaj muaj nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawmtxiv pearstxawv. Rau themonomeric tebchaw, arbutin, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, thiab rutin tau tshaj tawm tias yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv ntau yam txiv ntoo cultivarsob leeg hauv tev thiab hauv nqaij [9]. Daim duab 2 qhia txog cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm pear compounds.

Arbutin

Arbutin, hydroquinone- -D-glucopyranoside (Fig. 2), yog paub zoo tshuaj tua kab mob [22], thiab tawv nqaijntxuav hniav dawbsib [23, 24]. Nws yog degraded rau hauv hydroquinone, ib tug skinbleaching neeg sawv cev, thiab yog siv nyob rau hauv tshuaj pleev ib ce raws li ib tug tshuaj tsw qab, txo tus neeg sawv cev, thiab melanin polymerization inhibitor.Hydroquinone mediates lub cev tsis muaj zog hauv vitro thiab hauv vivo, txawm li cas los xij, cov teebmeem no tseem tsis tau tsim nyob rau hauv tib neeg [24, 25] ib. Ib pab pawg Suav tau tshaj tawm cov kab ntawm cov pears tuaj txawv teb chaws (Suav lub npe, Youran) muaj kwv yees li. 1.5–20 quav ntau dua ntawm arbutin (6982.0 ug / g qhuav hnyav) dua li lwm yam 9 ntau hom txiv ntoo cog (323.3–4395.8 ug / g qhuav hnyav) hauv Suav teb thiab South Africa [9]. Nyob rau hauv Oriental pears, qhov loj tshaj concentration ntawm arbutin tau pom nyob rau hauv lub tev (1.20 mg / gfresh yuag), uas yog 3-5 npaug ntau tshaj qhov uas pom nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais thiab 10-45 npaug ntau dua li cov levelin pulp [26, 27] . Yog li ntawd, pear tawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov Koreantxiv pears, yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom noj nplua nuj tshaj plaws ntawm ntuj arbutin [28]. Yog li ntawd, arbutin tuaj yeem khaws tau raws li qhov muaj peev xwm pear-tshwj xeeb noj biomarker [29].

Chlorogenic acid

Ua raws li arbutin, chlorogenic acid, 5-O-caffeoylquinicacid, yog qhov thib ob ntau tshaj plaws phenolic compound (Fig. 2) hauv pear nqaij thiab tev [30]. Hauv particular, chlorogenic acid mus txog 106.7-247.5 mg / 100 g ntawm qhov hnyav tshiab hauv Korean tsis paub qab hau.txiv pears[23]. Chlorogenic acid tau kawm thiab tshaj tawm tias muaj kev ua haujlwm lom neeg xws li tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab antioxidant [31, 32]. Mechanistic kev tshawb fawb ntawm nws cov tshuaj muaj nuj nqi qhia tias chlorogenic acid txo TNF-, downregulates IL-8 ntau lawm nyob rau hauv Caco-2 hlwb thiab RAW264.7 hlwb, tiv thaiv neurons, thiab txhim kho qhov txhab kho nyob rau hauv vivo, qhia inhibition ntawm o [33 , 34] ib. Tsis tas li ntawd, chlorogenic acid tau pom tias ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ncaj qha endothelium-dependent vasodilation los ntawm kev nce NOS, COX, thiab endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor signalingpathways [35]. Tsis ntev los no, ib txoj kev tshawb fawb Nyij Pooj tau pom tias 6-hli tau txais chlorogenic acid (330 mg / 100 ml dej) txhim kho kev paub txog kev ua haujlwm zoo los ntawm One Back Test of the Cogstate, Shifting AttentionTest, thiab Finger Tapping Test as well as in the compositememory , hais lus nco, nyuaj siab, kev txawj ntse, kev ua haujlwm, thiab lub cev muaj zog ceev ntawm CNS Vital Signs test roj teeb [36]. Tsis tas li ntawd, chlorogenic acid tiv thaiv DNA kev puas tsuaj tshwm sim los ntawm ionizing hluav taws xob, tawm tswv yim tseem ceeb hauv xov tooj cua tiv thaiv ntawm cov tebchaw no [37].

Caffeic acid

Caffeic acid, ib qho ntawm cov phenolic acids, yog ib qho me me hauv cov nqaij thiab tev (56.2 vs. 73.5 mg / kg) ntawm Turkish [22, 24]. Txawm hais tias tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog, caffeic acid tau raug tshaj tawm rau elicit neuroprotective zog nrog caffeine [38]. Qee cov kev tshawb fawb kuj tau qhia tias caffeicacid-enhanced collagen ntau lawm [39, 40]. Rau cov kab mob qog noj ntshav, xws li HCT 15, caffeic acid-inducedapoptosis, ROS tiam thiab txo qis hauv mitochondrial membrane muaj peev xwm thiab pom tias muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kab mob [41].

Flavonoids

Tsis paub Koreantxiv pearsmuaj flavonoids ntawm 182.5–368.9 mg / 100 g ntawm qhov hnyav [23]. B-ring dihydroxylated flavonol derivatives, xws li quercetin thiab isorhamnetin, thiab monomeric thiab polymeric flavan 3-ols, xws li epicatechin thiab proanthocyanidins, yog cov tseem ceeb ntawm covflavonoidspom nyob rau hauv kaum pears suav nrog Radana cultivar [42, 43]. Cov tshuaj no tau xav tias yuav ua rau muaj xim, txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo, thiab kev cog qoob loo. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm European thiab Tunisian pearcultivars nrog rau cov pulp thiab tev, lub predominantflavonoid yog (−)-epicatechin (Fig. 2) raws li lub davhlau ya nyob twg thiab txuas ntxiv units [16].

Tom qab (−)-epicatechin, cov anthocyanins, dej-solublepigments tsim los ntawm anthocyanidin aglycone, feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov tawv nqaij liab pears cultivars [16, 44].Lwm cov flavonoids pom nyob rau hauv Kauslim pears (P. pyrifolia Chuquercetin) muaj xws li { 5}}O-glucoside, nws cov aglycone quercetin [18, 45], thiab dulcisflavan, a catechol [46]. Quercetin 3-O-glucoside yog ib qho ntawm cov tseem ceeb flavonols ntawm nplooj thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawmtxiv pears [16].

Flavonoidstau hais txog vim lawv tau pom cov teebmeem lom hauv vitro, piv txwv li, kev tshem tawm dawb-radical, kev hloov pauv ntawm kev ua haujlwm enzymatic, thiab inhibition of cellular proliferation, nrog rau lawv cov peev xwm siv asantibiotics, tiv thaiv tsis haum, tiv thaiv kab mob, tiv thaiv kab mob, andanti- inflammatory thiab anticancer agents [47]. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshawb fawb txog kab mob kis tau tshawb nrhiav lub luag haujlwm ntawmflavonoidsKev noj qab haus huv ntawm tib neeg tsis muaj tseeb [48].

Malaxinic acid

Malaxinic acid, {{0}}(O- -d-glucopyranosyl)-3-(3′-methyl2′-butenyl) benzoic acid, yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm glucoside hauv Koreanpears [49]. Tus nqi ntawm malaxinic acid nyob rau hauv immatureKorean pears mus txog 0.76-5.86 mg/100 g ntawm freshweight, txawm hais tias tus nqi ntawm malaxinic acid yog ho tsawg, raws li cov pears matured [23]. Ob peb daim ntawv tshaj tawm tau piav qhia qee qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm malaxinicacid hauv Kauslimtxiv pears, xws li, tiv thaiv oxidative tiv thaiv hauv cov ntshav ncig thiab inhibition ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer, xws li BAEC, HT1080, HeLa, thiab B16/BL6 [23, 50–52]. Theisoprenyl sab saw hauv malaxinic acid tuaj yeem ua rau inhibition ntawm 21-26 kDa protein koom nrog hauv kev mob qog noj ntshav [53]. Yog li ntawd, malaxinic acid tuaj yeem raug xaiv rau ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov pears, txawm li cas los xij, cov pov thawj yuav tsum tau sau ntxiv.

Triterpenoids

Ntawm cov triterpenoids, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ursolic (Fig. 2), oleanolic, thiab betulinic acids tau raug txheeb xyuas nyob rau hauv European pear cultivars (P. communis), ntau tshaj 17 folds siab dua nyob rau hauv lub peels tshaj nqaij (3460.5 ± 1255.9 vs.201.4 ± 7g. ntawm qhov hnyav hnyav) [30].

Vim tias lawv cov qauv tshuaj steroid zoo li, cov haujlwm ntawm endocrine tuaj yeem xav tau los ntawm triterpenoids. Piv txwv li, ursolic acid pom stimulation ntawm lipolysis nyob rau hauv thawj-cultured nas adipocytes [54], inhibition ntawm aromatase, uas converts androgens rau hauv estrogens, thiab siv zog ntau zog, ua rau toreduced rog, txhim kho qabzib kam rau ua, thiab txo hepatic steatosis [55]. Nws cov isomer, oleanolicacid, tau kwv yees tias muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidative, tiv thaiv qog, tiv thaiv kab mob, tiv thaiv ntshav qab zib, thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob [56].

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm pears

Anti-diabetic teebmeem

Cov kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no tau pom tias pears muaj cov nyhuv antihyperglycemic [59, 60]. Ua ke txiv apples los yog lwm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, xws li acai, cherry thiab pear kuj inhibited ntshav qab zib tsis tau [61, 62]. Piv txwv li, kev noj txiv apples thiab pears txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm Hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib mellitus (T2DM) los ntawm 18 feem pua ​​(95 feem pua ​​​​ntawm kev ntseeg siab: 0.75–0.88) [62]. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov tsiaj, cov nas mob ntshav qab zib kho nrog tev extracts ntawm Yaguangpear (P. ussuriensis Maxim cv. Yaguang) nthuav tawm cov piam thaj qis qis dua li pawg tswj ntshav qab zib, uas muaj feem cuam tshuam txog kev tiv thaiv ntawm alpha-glucosidase [63]. Zoo sib xws hauv vivoresults tau txais los ntawm kev kho mob nrog cov extracts ntawm cov neeg Esxias pears tsis paub qab hau, xws li Hosui thiab Kosui pear cultivars (P. pyrifolia) [64]. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov nas mob ntshav qab zib, kho nrog ethyl acetate thiab ethanol rho tawm ntawm P. communis, pom qhov txo qis hauv cov ntshav qabzib piv rau cov ntshav qab zib tswj thiab kev tiv thaiv hyperglycemic.txiv pearsputatively yog vim muaj zog insulin secretion los ntawm pancreatic-cells [59].

Raws li hyperglycemia yog kho los ntawm alpha-amylase thiab alpha-glucosidase, uas txhawb kev zom zaub mov, nqus, thiab cov metabolism ntawm cov carbohydrates noj, cov enzymeshave yog cov hom phiaj tshuaj kho mob hyperglycemia, vim tias cov kws kho tshuaj zoo tib yam tau koom nrog kev mob plab thiab kev ua tsis zoo ntawm tus neeg mob [60, 65. ]. Pears tuaj yeem ua haujlwm raws li kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm postprandial hyperglycemia los ntawm inhibiting alpha-amylase thiab alpha-glucosidase yam tsis muaj kev phiv loj. Kev sib piv ntawm 22 cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo sib txawv hauv vitro tau pom tias cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo muab rho tawm los ntawm cov txiv ntseej (Suav dawb pear, P. brechneideri Rehd.) muaj qhov inhibition siab tshaj plaws tiv thaiv alpha-glucosidase[66]. Nyob rau hauv vitro kuaj ntawm cov extracts ntawm European pearcultivars, Liab D'Anjou, Green D'Anjou, Barlett, Bosco, thiab Comice, kuj qhia tseem ceeb inhibition ntawm alpha-amylase thiab alpha-glucosidase nrog ntau zog suppression ntawm alpha-amylase los ntawm pulp extracts thiab Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tshawb fawb hauv vitro nrog Barlett thiab Stakrim tus tub pear cultivars pom tias phenolic compounds hauv Stakimson pear extract tej zaum yuav bioactive thiab lub luag haujlwm rau cov khoom tiv thaiv hyperglycemic, raws li nws yog. Kev sib raug zoo nrog alpha-glucosidase inhibition [60]. Cov alpha-amylase thiab alpha-glucosidase inhibitoryactivities ntawmtxiv pearstau pom nyob rau hauv ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb hauv vitro thiab hauv vivo thiab lawv tuaj yeem muab lub hauv paus rau kev tshawb fawb ntxiv ntawm pear extracts txhawm rau txhawm rau txheeb xyuas seb nws tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tswj hwm T2DM.

Cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev noj pear hauv kev txo T2DM kev pheej hmoo tau tsim muaj nyob rau hauv kev soj ntsuam yav dhau los, thiab tom qab hauv vivo thiab hauv vitrodata tau pom muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm pear noj thiab kev txhim kho hauv T2DM tsis. Kev tshawb nrhiav ntxiv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev tshawb fawb txog tib neeg, yuav muab pears ua ib qho kev xaiv phytoceutical zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev tswj cov neeg mob T2DM.

Kev tiv thaiv kev rog

Kev hloov pauv kev noj haus thiab kev tawm dag zog tau pom zoo rau cov neeg rog dhau los ua kev cuam tshuam kev ua neej zoo. Raws li cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsis muaj zog-dense thiab nplua nuj indietary fiber, lawv tuaj yeem muab lub plab satiety nrog tsawg calorie kom tsawg. Tshwj xeeb, pears muaj lub zog tsawg ntawm 0.64 kcal / g nrog cov khoom noj muaj fiber ntau thiab pom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev tswj qhov hnyav hauv ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb sib txawv [67–70]. Piv txwv li, cov nas ntawm cov zaub mov muaj roj ntau uas muaj pear insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) tsis qhia tib tus qauv ntawm qhov hnyav nce li cov nas feddiets yam tsis muaj pear IDF co-administration thiab muaj qhov hnyav tsawg li cov pawg chow-fed ib txwm [67] .Yog li ntawd, Chang et al. speculated cov IDFs rho tawm los ntawmtxiv pearsnthuav tawm los tiv thaiv kev rog, xws li kev ua kom muaj roj metabolism thiab txo qis qis lipoprotein-cholestrol (LDL-C) thiab tag nrho cov cholesterol (TC), los ntawm kev txhawb nqa kev loj hlob ntawm Bacteriodetesin nas 'gut microbiota. Tsis tas li ntawd, pear extract (PE) thiab Garcinia cambogia extract (GE) kho cov pab pawg qhia 4.1 thiab 14.7 feem pua ​​​​txo qis hauv kev loj hlob ntawm preadipocytes rau hauv adipocytes, feem, thaum ua ke PE thiab GE synergized los nthuav tawm 26.9 feem pua ​​​​ inhibition, qhia txog lawv lub peev xwm los tiv thaiv. Qhov hnyav nce [70] .Qee qhov kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam kuj pom tias muaj kev tiv thaiv kev rog ntawm pears. Tom qab 12 lub lis piam ntawm kev noj pears txhua hnub, ntsuab Bartlett lossis D' Anjou, leptin concentrations thiab lub duav ncig tau qis dua hauv peargroup dua li tswj [71]. Bosc pears txo qis ntawm qhov kev tawm dag zog tom qab kev tawm dag zog rau cov metabolites, ua rau kev tawm dag zog ua haujlwm tau zoo [69]: Pears txo cov qib cortisol hauv cov neeg koom los ntawm 22 feem pua ​​​​ntawm kev tawm dag zog tam sim ntawd, txhawb kev rov qab los ntawm kev tawm dag zog sai. Ntau cov kev tshawb fawb txhawb kev siv pears forobesity tiv thaiv los ntawm kev txo qis calorie kom tsawg thiab txhawb kev tawm dag zog.

Anti-hyperlipidemic teebmeem

Raws li qhov txawv txav plasma lipid concentrations yog qhov tseem ceeb rau CVDs, kev txhim kho cov khoom siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tsis zoo tau xav tau. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom ntuj tsim, xws li tshuaj yej ntsuab, dos thiab qej, tau kawm. Anti-hyperlipidemic teebmeem ntawmtxiv pearsTshwj xeeb tshaj yog pom nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hyperglycemic vim hyperlipidemia yog tshwm sim hauv cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib. Kev tswj cov qib lipid tseem ceeb dua rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib vim lawv muaj kev pheej hmoo siab dua ntawm CVDs.Velmurugan thiab Bhargava pom tias kev noj cov txiv pear tau txo qis cov qib TC, triglyceride (TG), thiab LDL-C hauv cov nas hyperglycemic, thaum nws nce qib ntawm HDL-C nyob rau hauv ib koob tshuaj raws li [59]. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub pulp extracts ntawm P. Communis L. var. Blanquilla pom tias txo qis ntawm TC los ntawm 14.6 feem pua, TGby 6.8 feem pua, thiab LDL-C los ntawm 17.4 feem pua ​​​​hauv cov nas noj cov zaub mov uas muaj cov cholesterol [72]. Txawm li cas los xij, pear peels muaj zog lipid-txo cov khoom ntau dua li cov pulp (19.4 feem pua ​​​​rau TC, 14.6 feem pua ​​​​rau TG, thiab 33.3 feem pua ​​​​rau LDL-C), piv rau cov tswj. Yog li ntawd, lipid-txo cov teebmeem ntawm pears zoo li muaj feem xyuam rau cov khoom xws li catechin, uas yog condensed ntau nyob rau hauv peels tshaj nyob rau hauv lub pulp.

Anti-mutagenic thiab -carcinogenic teebmeem

Pears pom qee qhov kev tiv thaiv mutagenic thiab tiv thaiv qog noj ntshav los ntawm ntau lub tshuab. Ua ntej, pears tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov carcinogenesis ntawm polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), xws li benzo(a) pyrene, uas muaj ob lub ntsiab carcinogenic mechanisms, tsim ntawm DNA-adductsand zus tau tej cov ROS [73, 74]. Peb pom tias Korean pears txo benzo(a) pyrene-induced ntsws cancer hauv A/J nas, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov txiv neej [75]. Hauv kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb txog biological, peb kuj pom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm Koreantxiv pearsThaum raug PAHs nyob rau hauv kwv yees li.. 700Koreans [76]: Cov zis ntau ntawm 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), ib qho loj metabolite ntawm PAHs, tau txheeb xyuas raws li biomarker ntawm raug rau PAHs thiab tau txo qis hauv Cov neeg siv khoom pear.Cov txiaj ntsig no kuj tau lees paub los ntawm cov tshuaj pharmacokineticmethods hauv kev sim tshuaj nrog cov neeg mob uas raug rau PAHs los ntawm kev noj nqaij qaib kib nrog thiab tsis muaj pears (P. pyrifolia Shingo) [75, 77]: Kev tso zis sai sai ntawm cov zis {{6} }OHP tau pom nyob rau hauv cov neeg siv pear, piv rau cov neeg tsis noj txiv ntoo. Yog li ntawd, wespeculate tias Kauslim pears kho qhov nqus, faib, metabolism, thiab excretion (ADME) ntawm PAHs, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog excretion ntawm PAHs. Kev nrawm ntawm PAHexcretion tuaj yeem txo qhov khaws cia ntawm cov carcinogens hauv cov neeg siv khoom cog. Tsis tas li ntawd, urinary theem ntawm malondialdehyde, biomarker ntawm lipid peroxidation thiab oxidativestress, kuj tau txo qis hauv Kauslim pear cov neeg siv khoom [77, 78]. Xav txog bioproduction ntawm ROS asanother loj carcinogenic mechanism ntawm PAHs, wesuggest tias Korean pears tiv thaiv PAH-induced oxidative kev nyuaj siab. Hais txog cov yam ntxwv botanical ntawm cov ntoo pears, cov tsub zuj zuj ntawm PAHs kuj tau txo qis ntawm cov nplooj pear dua li ntawm lwm cov nplooj zoo sib xws, xws li nplooj linden, thiab muaj cov kab mob epicuticular ntawm pears tuaj yeem ua rau txo qis ntawm PAHs [76]. Xav txog PAHs yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm PM2.5 hauv huab cua muaj kuab paug, peb xav kom pearsare zoo rau kev tiv thaiv los ntawm PM2.5.

Qhov thib ob, pears tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kab mob carcinogenic los ntawm kev tsim txiaj ntawm lawv cov nitrite scavenging kev ua [79, 80]. Raws li nitrites tau siv dav hauv kev ua zaub mov thiab khaws cia, lawv tuaj yeem ua rau cov amines yooj yim los tsim cov carcinogens muaj zog, xws li N-nitrosamines, hauv cov zaub mov ua tiav.Lub nitrite scavenging kev ua ntawm Asian pears, xws li Baekwoon thiab Niitaka, yog 80.7–{{6} }.7 feem pua ​​[79, 80]. Cov notxiv pearspom tias muaj nitrite scavenging ntau dua li lwm cov nroj tsuag, xws li dos (50 feem pua) lossis kiwis (75.3–81.8 feem pua) [12].

Thaum kawg, muaj ntau yam kev ua haujlwm phytochemicals inpears, xws li phenolic tebchaw nrog rau chlorogenic acid thiab malaxinic acid, uas tau pom muaj ntau yam kev tiv thaiv kab mob, xws li kev tiv thaiv kev ua ub no tiv thaiv lub mis thiab mob qog noj ntshav [81, 82]. Tshwj xeeb, Kauslim pears pom tias muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kab mob carcinogenic vim muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev sib kho ntawm ADMEfor PAHs, txo ROS, nitrite scavenging kev ua, thiab antioxidant zog ntawm phenolic tebchaw.

Anti-inflammatory teebmeem

Cov lus teb inflammatory ntau dhau yog qhov ua rau muaj kab mob tsis sib kis [83]. Txawm li cas los xij, kev noj zaub mov ntawm pears, kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab txiv pos nphuab tau qhia txog kev sib koom ua ke nrog cov qhab nia o (IS) hauv kev txheeb xyuas zaub mov: Kev noj zaub mov ntau dua anthocyaninand flavonol tau pom tias muaj kev sib koom siab nrog kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov neeg Asmeskas cov neeg laus [84] . Anthocyanin tau txais txiaj ntsig txo IS, xws li mob hnyav, cytokines, thiab oxidative kev nyuaj siab, los ntawm 73 feem pua ​​.Kev noj ntau dua ntawm flavan-3-ols, xws li catechins, epicatechins, thiab lwm yam, thiab lawv cov polymers tau cuam tshuam nrog kev txo qis hauv biomarkers ntawm oxidative kev nyuaj siab, uas suav nrog myeloperoxidase, LPL-A2, thiab isoprostanes, qhov ntsuas ntawm creatinine.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm cov txiv ntoo sib txawv tau muab piv rau cov dexamethasone incarrageenan-induced nas hind paw edema thiab xylene induced nas pob ntseg edema qauv [9]. Cov methanol rho tawm ntawm pears nrog rau P. ussuriensis Maxim hom (Yaguang) thiab P. communis ntau yam (Hongpi, Qingpiand Guifei) txo cov nas paw thiab pob ntseg edema mus rau acertain degree thiab nthuav tawm koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm P. bretschneideriRehd, nws cov ethyl acetate feem pom tau tias muaj zog inhibition ntawm carrageenan-induced nas paw edema formationand tso tawm lub hwj chim los tiv thaiv kev ua ub no tiv thaiv xylene-induced pob ntseg edema thiab acetic acid-induced extravasation ntawm Evan0 ntawm xiav. mg/kg thiab 400 mg/kg [85]. Triterpenoids thiabflavonoids, xws li 2 ,19 -dihydroxy ursolic acid, -amyrinand quercitrin, tau pom zoo kom muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no.

Azuma et al. Kev soj ntsuam cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm cellulose nanofibers los ntawm Nyivtxiv pears(P. pyrifolia, Nijuseiki) ntawm cov kab mob inflammatorybowel (IBD): Cov pear nanofiber qhia txog kev tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm fibroses orby butyrate-mediated inhibition ntawm NF-κB hauv tus qauv IBDmurine [86].

Nyob rau hauv luv luv, pears pom muaj ntau yam tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab qhov kev ua haujlwm no zoo li cuam tshuam nrog kev sib xyaw ntawm ntau hom tshuaj es tsis yog ib qho tshuaj hauv pears.

Kev tiv thaiv ua pa

Kev tshuaj xyuas tsis ntev los no ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub noj tau pom tias kev noj cov txiv apples thiab txiv pears tau muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog qis qis ntawm cov tsos mob hawb pob, tsis tshua muaj mob hawb pob, thiab tsawg dua bronchial hyper-reactivity, ua rau cov kws sau ntawv no tsim kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm pear / txiv apple noj thiab mob hawb pob [ 91] ib. Lwm txoj kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej tau xaus lus tias kev noj ib lossis ntau dua ntawm cov txiv apples lossis txiv pears ua rau txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kab mob ntsws ntev (COPD) hauv cov neeg haus luam yeeb, nrog rau qhov phom sij ntawm 0.70 [92].

Kev tshawb fawb hauv vitro,txiv pearskuj tau pom cov teebmeem bronchodilatory. Ethanol extracts ntawm 'Pyrus pashiaBuch.-Ham. ex D. Tsis txhob tawm dag zog (0). trachea du leeg hlwb thiab ua rau hloov pauv ntawm Ca2 ntxiv rau nkhaus (1.0–3.0 mg / mL) mus rau sab xis raws li qhov zoo ib yam li verapamil (3 μM), tejzaum nws qhia tias muaj Ca2 ntxiv rau channelblocking kev ua haujlwm [2].

Hauv kev tshawb fawb tsiaj, Lee et al. qhia tias rhiab heev ntawm tracheal du leeg ntawm nas mus rau hluav taws xob fieldstimulation thiab acetylcholine tau txo qis tom qab kev kho mob nrog pectins ntawm Asian pear (P. pyrifolia): trachea ntawm nas kuj pom muaj tsawg dua cov tsos mob, xws li thickened bronchial mucosa, lossand / los yog txawv txav. ntawm cilia, lymphocyte proliferation, thiab nplaum mucus plugs raws lub bronchi. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj qhov txo qis ntawm 70 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov kua qaub-xws li IgE [93]. Tsis tas li ntawd, lwm txoj kev tshawb nrhiav pom tias kev kho mob nrog kev sib xyaw ntawm cov extracts los ntawm P. bretschneideri (pear txiv hmab txiv ntoo) thiab Fritillaria ussuriensis (bulb) inhibitedtissue edema thiab txo vascular permeability, piv rau monotherapy nrog ob leeg extract ib leeg ntawm covrats [94].

Cov txheej txheem los ntawm cov pears ua lub luag haujlwm muaj txiaj ntsig hauv kev kho mob ntawm kev ua xua thiab kab mob ua pa xws li mob hawb pob tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog lawv cov kev sib xyaw tshwj xeeb ntawm polyphenols thiabflavonoids[2]. Kev tshawb fawb txog flavonoids, suav nrog rutin thiab quercetin tam sim notxiv pears, qhia txog qee qhov kev ua ub no rau kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob ua xua los ntawm kev tswj hwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm tes [95].

Tsis tas li ntawd, Yang et al. (2006) tau ua qhov kev soj ntsuam nrog cov neeg mob COPD siv cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas muaj cua sov (P. pyrifolia cv. Shingo) kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo; Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj kev txhim kho tseem ceeb hauv cov txiaj ntsig kev noj qab haus huv ua pa, suav nrog George daim ntawv nug txog kev ua pa los yog yuam kev ntim rau 1 s ntawm cov neeg mob COPD tom qab 1- hli noj pear kua txiv [77, 78]. Tsis yog cua sov tab sis cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsis muaj cua sov txo benzo(a) pyrene-induced ntsws cancer hauv A/J nas [75]. Yog li, cua sov rau kev khaws cia tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov khoom siv bioactive xws li enzymes hauv pears.

Cardio-tiv thaiv cov teebmeem

Cov kab mob plawv yog qhov ua rau tuag thoob ntiaj teb nrog 17.9 lab tus neeg tuag nyob rau ib xyoos [96]. Pear Cheebtsam tau pom tias muaj kev tiv thaiv cardio. Hais txog cov tshuaj nquag hauv pear, chloro genic acid tau pom los txhim kho ex vivo hlab ntsha ua haujlwm thiab tiv thaiv cov hlwb endothelial tiv thaiv HOCl-induced oxidative puas tsuaj, los ntawm kev tsim cov nitricoxide thiab induction ntawm Hmox-1 [97].

Ntawm cov pear hom xws li Liab D'Anjou, GreenD'Anjou, Bartlett, Bosc thiab Comice, aqueous pulp extracts ntawm Bartlett pom muaj nruab nrab (18-28 feem pua) ACE-I inhibition los ntawm hauv vitro enzyme qauv, txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm ACE inhibition. thiab tag nrho phenolics lossis antioxidant muaj peev xwm [60, 65]. Cardioprotective zog ntawm pears ntawm ACE inhibition tau lees paub hauv vivo systems. Txawm li cas los xij, cov mechanisms thiab cov active compounds tseem tsis meej.

Cawv detoxification thiab hepato-tiv thaiv

Pears tau siv los ua cov tshuaj ib txwm siv los txo cov tsos mob hangover [11]. Txawm li cas los xij, scientificmechanisms ntawm cawv detoxification los ntawmtxiv pearstsis paub tseeb. Yog li, kev tshawb nrhiav thawj zaug tau tsom mus rau qhov cuam tshuam ntawm pears ntawm ADME ntawm cawv. Themetabolic txoj hauv kev ntawm cawv yog qhov paub zoo.Cawv feem ntau yog metabolized hauv daim siab los ntawm cawv dehydrogenase (ADH) rau hauv acetaldehyde, ib qho tshuaj lom metabolite uas ua rau lub siab lipid peroxidation thiab oxidative stress [10, 13, 98, 99]. Acetaldehyde yog ntxiv metabolized los ntawm aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) rau hauv acetate, uas yog thaum kawg tshem tawm los ntawm lub raum. Ob peb cov kev tshawb fawb pom tau hais tias Korean pears (P. pyrifoliacv. Shingo) fortified cawv metabolism los ntawm stimulatingADH thiab ALDH kev ua ub no nyob rau hauv vitro kev tshawb fawb, thiaj li txo cov theem. ntawm ntshav cawv lossis acetaldehyde hauv vivo thiab tib neeg kev tshawb fawb [10, 13]. Kev nthuav dav, kev tshuaj xyuas tshuaj pharmacokinetic tau pom tias Koreanpears txo qis ntshav cawv hauv Aldh2 KOmice ntau dua li cov nas nyob hauv ib txwm muaj [10], qhia tias cov tshuaj tua kab mob cawv ntawm Kauslim pears yuav ntau dua hauv ALDH2 cov neeg tsis muaj zog dua li cov neeg ib txwm muaj. Thaum kawg, tag nrho cov qhab nia nruab nrab ntawm hangover hnyav tau txo qis hauv tib neeg cov ntsiab lus uas tau haus cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo Korean ua ntej haus cawv [13].

Kauslim pears kuj txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm hepatocytesvia qhov nce ntawm ATP synthesis nyob rau hauv lub hlwb [100]: Cellproliferation thiab DNA synthesis nyob rau hauv hepatocytes tau nce nrog kev kho mob ntawm [3H]-thymidine thiab pear extracts. Ntxiv mus, pears tau nce qhov kev qhia ntawm CDK-2 thiab CDK-4, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau G1 / Stransition, tab sis txo qis kev qhia ntawm lawv cov inhibitors, p21Cip1 / CDKNIA thiab p27Kip1.

Rau lub siab, cov dej extract ntawm pear pomace los ntawm P. pyrifolia pom kev tiv thaiv ntawm hepatic lipid peroxidation thiab tiv thaiv lub siab puas tsuaj rau cov nas noj cov zaub mov muaj roj / roj cholesterol ntau [101]. Tsis tas li ntawd, pear (P. pyrifolia) peelextracts ho tiv thaiv qhov nce ntawm qib ntawm serum alanine aminotransferase thiab aspartate aminotransferase nyob rau hauv mob siab mob ntawm nas [102], feem ntau qhia antioxidant, tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab / los yog anti-apoptotic zog [103] ]. Thaum noj ua ke, Koreantxiv pearstuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv daim siab los ntawm cawv thiab tsis muaj cawv.

Cov teebmeem ntawm daim tawv nqaij dawb

Daim tawv nqaijntxuav hniav dawbNws yog ib qho tsim nyog tus yam ntxwv nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm cosmetology, nrog rau kev qeeb ntawm cov txheej txheem kev laus thiab tshem tawm wrinkles. Raws li peb tau hais los saum no, arbutin tau tshawb pom raws li cov khoom siv tawv nqaij dawb. Pears yog ib txwm muaj ntau qhov chaw ntawm arbutin [24, 104]: Cov tawv nqaij-lighteningaction muaj feem xyuam rau nws inhibition ntawm enzyme tyrosinase, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau tsim cov pigments tsaus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog melanin. Extracts ntawm plaub cultivars Korean pears (P. pyrifolia), uas yog Hanareum, Manpungbae, Shingo, thiab Chuwhangbae, inhibited tyrosinase kev ua los ntawm 50 feem pua ​​inmelanocytes ntawm nas kho nrog cov melanocyte-stimulatinghormone, -MSH. Nws tau tshaj tawm tias qhov siab ntawm arbutin tau muab faib rau hauv pear peels [12].

Raws li cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm arbutin hauv Koreantxiv pears, tsib unripe Korean pears, piv txwv li, P. pyrifolia cultivars, weretested rau whitening kev ua ub no [105]: Rauntxuav hniav dawbKev ua haujlwm ntsig txog tyrosinase thiab cellular melanin tsim, Manpungbae ntawm cov txiv pears pom tias muaj zog tshaj tyrosinase inhibition (4.9 feem pua) thiab ua tiav 74 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov cellular melanin, piv rau cov hlwb tsis kho. Tsis tas li ntawd, Yim et al. pom tias arbutinlevels hauv pear cultivars txo qis thaum cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo matured. InB16F10 nas melanoma hlwb, feem ntau ntawm cov cultivar extracts inhibited melanin synthesis li ntawm 50 feem pua ​​ntawm a100 ug/mL concentration mus txog 90 hnub tom qab tag nrho Bloom[106]. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm P. Anatolica, uas yog endemic rau qaib ntxhw, cov nplooj thiab ceg tau pom ntau dua ntawm arbutin tshaj txiv hmab txiv ntoo (4.74, 4.46, thiab 0.11 feem pua, raws li)[107]. Tsis tas li ntawd, arbutin-conjugated kub nanoparticlesdisplayed enhanced whitening peev xwm, piv rau toarbutin nws tus kheej [108].

Protocatechuic acid (PCA) yog lwm phenolic compound nrog anti-melanogenic thiab tawv-lightening zog nyob rau hauv pear peels. PCA ho suppressedmelanogenesis los ntawm inhibition ntawm tyrosinase as well as the co-inhibition of expression of othermelanogenesis-related enzymes in mouse melanomacells treated with Korean pear extracts (P. pyrifolia cv.Chuhwangbae) [51].

Muab cov tawv nqaij ntau heevntxuav hniav dawbCov neeg sawv cev xws li arbutin thiab PCA, pears, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Kauslim pears, tuaj yeem yog qhov chaw nyab xeeb thiab ntuj rau kev kho mob ntawm hyperpigmentation. Nyob rau yav tom ntej, tshiab tshuaj formulations uas muaj pears yuav raug tsim.

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tshuaj ua haujlwm ntawm Kaus Lim Qab Teb pears thiab lwm cov pears yog qhia hauv Table 2.

Cov kev txwv thiab cov tswv yim txheej txheem

Rau kev nkag siab, peb tau sim ib txhij los tshuaj xyuas qhov tsis zoo ntawmtxiv pears. Pears feem ntau yog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo rau cov neeg feem coob, tab sis tej zaum yuav muaj qee qhov kev tshaj tawm tawm tsam pears hais txog cov khoom noj uas muaj txiaj ntsig. Nrog rau kev tshawb nrhiav tag nrho, tsis muaj ntau daim ntawv qhia piav txog pear-relateddrawbacks. Cov ntawv ceeb toom tsawg tau hais txog cov carbohydrate malabsorption, xws li irritablebowel syndrome thiab nonspecific raws plab nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam mos thiab me nyuam yaus, vim pears los yog kua txiv apples [111].Reminding tus nyeem ntawv ntawm contraindication ofpears ntawm 'Ben Cao Gang Mu' [15] thiab cov Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev kho tus kheej nrog cov khoom siv tshuaj ntsuab ntawm cov neeg tsis muaj zog [112], pears yuav raug zam rau cov neeg mob nkim mob, menyuam yaus, lossis cov poj niam cev xeeb tub, vim yog malabsorption. Rau cov khoom tshwj xeeb ntawmtxiv pears, kev nyab xeeb ntawm hydroquinone, metabolite ntawm arbutin, tau txhawj xeeb tom qab muaj kev lees paub tias benzene ua rau aplastic anemia thiab leukemia hauv tib neeg [113]. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm hydroquinone los ntawm cov tshuaj pleev ib ce, qhov ncauj, lossis kev lag luam raug pom tias nws muaj kev nyab xeeb heev, piv rau cov tshuaj lom ntawm benzene. Txawm li cas los xij, kev nyab xeeb mus sij hawm ntev tsis tau tsim, tseem.

Rau lwm cov tshuaj ua haujlwm ntawm pears, excretion ofurinary pob zeb [114] thiab kho qhov txhab rau cov neeg mob tsis zoo, xws li ntshav qab zib [115], tau ua tib zoo piav qhia hauv qee cov ntawv ceeb toom raws li cov ntawv thov tshiab ntawm pears. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau ntau ntawm cov tshuaj ib txwm siv, kev sib xyaw ua ke, sib xyaw ua ke thiab lwm yam tshuaj tau muab tso ua kev daws teeb meem rau COVID-19, txawm tias tsis muaj pov thawj nyob ib puag ncig kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov kev kho mob zoo li no [116]. Raws li lub peev xwm ntawm pears li amodulator ntawm pro-inflammatory cytokines ntawm ntau yam tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidativeflavonoids[117], pov thawj-raws li kev tshawb fawb ntawmtxiv pearsyog xav tau rau daim ntawv thov tshiab, xws li kev tiv thaiv thiab kho cov kab mob sib kis tshiab.

Cov lus xaus

Rau tshuaj ua haujlwm ntawmtxiv pears, peb kawm los ntawm cov qub thiab ua nws tshiab (Fig. 3). Ib txwm ua haujlwm ntawm pearshave tau maj mam lees paub nrog cov pov thawj tshawb fawb.Pears, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qub thiab tshiab, qhia txog cov txiaj ntsig zoo rau ntau yam kab mob degenerative thiab muaj cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo lossis tshuaj rau cov neeg raug mob hnyav los tiv thaiv cov kab mob sib kis tshiab tam sim no lossis tom qab COVID-19 era.

Cistanche txhim kho kom dawb