Txoj hauv kev ntawm Seroprevalence Thiab Neutralizing Activity Ntawm Antibodies Tawm tsam SARS-CoV-2 nyob rau yav qab teb Switzerland Thaum Lub Xya Hli 2020 thiab Lub Xya Hli 2021: Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb
Jun 16, 2023
Abstract:
Lub Hom Phiaj: Tus kab mob COVID-19 kis mus ntxiv, thiab cov pov thawj ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv yog qhov tseem ceeb. Peb tau soj ntsuam COVID-19 kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis zoo rau cov kab mob sib txawv ntawm cov hnub nyoog hauv cov neeg Swiss. Kev Tsim Kho: Peb tau ua ib qho kev tshawb fawb hauv cov neeg sawv cev hauv zej zog cov neeg nyob hauv hnub nyoog tsib xyoos lossis tshaj saud nyob rau sab qab teb Switzerland (tag nrho cov pej xeem 353,343), thiab peb tau sau cov ntshav kuaj thaum Lub Xya Hli 2020 (hauv cov neeg laus nkaus xwb, N=646), Kaum Ib Hlis - Kaum Ob Hlis 2020 (N=1457), thiab Lub Rau Hli - Lub Xya Hli 2021 (N=885). Txoj Kev: Peb tau siv qhov kev soj ntsuam Luminex yav dhau los los ntsuas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau cov kab mob sib kis (S) thiab nucleocapsid (N) cov proteins ntawm tus kab mob thiab kev soj ntsuam siab ntawm cell-free neutralization assay optimized rau ntau yam spike protein ntau yam. Peb suav cov seroprevalence nrog Bayesian logistic regression qauv accounting rau cov pej xeem cov qauv sociodemographic thiab cov kev xeem ua tau zoo, thiab peb muab piv rau cov kev ua tsis zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab convalescent koom nyob rau hauv cov kab mob variants.
Cov txiaj ntsig: Tag nrho seroprevalence yog 7.8 feem pua (95 feem pua CI: 5.4–10.4) los ntawm Lub Xya Hli 2020 thiab 20.2 feem pua (16.4–24.4) thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2020. Txog Lub Xya Hli 2021, tag nrho cov seroprevalence tau nce ntau txog 72. feem pua (69.1–76.4), nrog rau qhov kwv yees siab tshaj plaws ntawm 95.6 feem pua (92.8–97.8) ntawm cov neeg laus, uas tau tsim txog 10.3 ntau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ntau dua tom qab kis tus kab mob piv rau 3.7 npaug ntau dua rau cov neeg laus. Kev ua haujlwm nruab nrab yog qhov siab dua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntau dua li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tshwm sim rau txhua tus kab mob sib txawv (txhua tus p qhov tseem ceeb <0.037). Cov ntsiab lus: Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tseem ceeb tau pab txo qis hauv cov neeg tiv thaiv kab mob, tshwj xeeb yog cov neeg laus. Peb qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm kev ua haujlwm nruab nrab ntau dua ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tshwm sim ntau dua li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tshwm sim yog qhov qhia tau zoo rau cov phiaj xwm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yav tom ntej.
Serum zoo qhia tau hais tias lub cev muaj qee yam tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, uas feem ntau yog kev ntxhov siab rau qee yam kab mob (xws li kab mob, kab mob, thiab lwm yam). Seropositivity tuaj yeem qhia tau tias lub cev tau kis tus kab mob, lossis tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Kev tiv thaiv kab mob yog lub cev muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam, kev kis kab mob, thiab kev tsim tawm ntawm cov kab mob. Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov kab mob hauv lub cev, thiab tseem tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas thiab tshem tawm cov hlwb txawv txav (xws li cov qog nqaij hlav cancer). Yog li ntawd, muaj qee qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm seropositivity thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Serum positivity tsuas yog txhais tau tias koj tau raug cov kab mob los yog txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab tsis tuaj yeem sawv cev rau lub zog ntawm kev tiv thaiv. muaj peev xwm mus txeeb tau. Kev tswj hwm kev tiv thaiv zoo tuaj yeem pab lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob zoo dua thiab tiv thaiv kev tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob. Los ntawm qhov kev xav no, peb yuav tsum txhim kho peb txoj kev tiv thaiv. Cistanche tuaj yeem txhim kho kev tiv thaiv. Cistanche yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv ntau yam antioxidants, xws li vitamin C, vitamin C, carotenoids, thiab lwm yam. Cov khoom xyaw no tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov dawb radicals thiab txo oxidative kev nyuaj siab. Txhim kho qhov tsis kam ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Nyem cistanche deserticola ntxiv
Ntsiab lus:
COVID-19; cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob; txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv; kev kawm sib koom; seroprevalence; tau txais kev tiv thaiv.
1. Taw qhia
Tom qab thawj kis ntawm COVID-19, paub tseeb tias lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2019 hauv Suav teb, mob hnyav ua pa nyuaj rau tus mob coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) tau pib nthuav dav thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 11, 2020, Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Ntiaj Teb (WHO) tau tshaj tawm tias COVID-19 muaj tus kabmob kis thoob ntiaj teb [1], thiab txog hnub no, muaj ntau dua 755,385,709 tus neeg uas tau lees paub thiab 6,833,388 tus neeg tuag thoob ntiaj teb (10 Lub Ob Hlis 2023, [ 2]). Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 2020, WHO tau hu rau cov kev tshawb fawb hauv cheeb tsam thiab lub teb chaws, tsis yog kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov neeg mob uas tau lees paub, los kwv yees qhov kis ntawm COVID{19}} nyob rau hauv cov pej xeem [3].
Ntau qhov serosurveys tau ua thoob ntiaj teb los ntsuas qhov feem pua ntawm cov pej xeem nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob SARS-CoV-2. Cov cim tsim, kev coj ua, thiab kev hloov pauv zoo thoob plaws cov kev tshawb fawb txwv tsis pub sib piv thiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov txiaj ntsig thiab tiv thaiv lawv cov kev sib koom ua ke [4–12]. Tsis tas li ntawd, luam tawm serosurveys muaj ntau yam kev txwv tsim thiab cov txheej txheem tsis zoo. Piv txwv li, cov ntaub ntawv tsis tshua tau sau ntev ntev thoob plaws qhov kev sib kis kis thoob qhov txhia chaw, ob qho tib si ua ntej thiab tom qab kev tshaj tawm cov phiaj xwm txhaj tshuaj [13–18]. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb tau tsom mus rau cov pej xeem tshwj xeeb (xws li, cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob [19,20], menyuam yaus [21,22], lossis cov neeg pub ntshav [23]).
Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj loj qhia tau hais tias kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tau ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev nce seropositivity thiab kev ua haujlwm siab ntawm SARS-CoV-2 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv cov pej xeem [24–26]. Txawm li cas los xij, ua ntej kev sib kis ntawm Omicron hauv 2022, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis muaj peev xwm thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm kev kis kab mob- thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv serosurveys [27,28]. Thaum kawg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau thawj lub hlis ntawm kev sib kis, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tau siv los kuaj xyuas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv-SARS-CoV-2 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tau tsim los yog siv tau rau cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov pej xeem, thiab lawv qhov raug thiab siv tau yog qhov tsis zoo [29–31] .
Peb siv cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm "Corona Immunitas Ticino", ib qho kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov pej xeem tsis tu ncua ua nyob rau hauv cov qauv neeg sawv cev ntawm cov neeg Swiss hnub nyoog tsib xyoos thiab siab dua. Ntawm no, peb tsom mus rau yav qab teb Switzerland (Ticino), thaj tsam ciam teb rau sab qaum teb Ltalis, qhov chaw nyob sab Europe ntawm tus kabmob kis thoob plaws xyoo 2020 [32,33]. Peb tau ua cov serosurveys ntev, nrog rau lub hauv paus hauv lub Xya Hli 2020 thiab kev soj ntsuam hauv lub Kaum Ib Hlis-Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2020 thiab rau lub hlis tom qab pib kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv cheeb tsam hauv lub Rau Hli-Lub Xya Hli 2021 [34]. Peb tsom los piav qhia txog qhov txawv txav ntawm lub cev thiab hauv cheeb tsam hauv qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv-SARS-CoV-2 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm poj niam txiv neej thiab thoob plaws pawg hnub nyoog, siv qhov kev soj ntsuam Luminex yav dhau los tau tsim los rau cov pej xeem-raws li serosurveys [35]. Tom ntej no, peb tau kawm txog kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab peb muab piv rau qhov sib piv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau cov kab mob sib txawv ntawm SARS-CoV-2 variants nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab cov neeg tsis muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv seropositive raws li tus neeg sawv cev rau qhov zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob.
2. Cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem
2.1. Kawm Tsim thiab koom nrog
"Corona Immunitas Ticino" yog ib qho kev tshawb fawb pej xeem ntawm ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv zej zog hauv Ticino (sab qab teb Switzerland) hnub nyoog tsib xyoos thiab laus dua. Txoj kev tshawb no yog ib feem ntawm Corona Immunitas kev tshawb fawb hauv lub tebchaws tsim los ntsuas kev sib kis ntawm COVID-19 kev kis kab mob thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm tus kabmob kis rau cov pej xeem [36]. Thaum Lub Xya Hli thiab Kaum Ib Hlis 2020, peb tau xa 13,931 tsab ntawv caw mus rau kev sib deev- thiab hnub nyoog-stratified random qauv coj los ntawm tsev neeg sau npe ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv Ticino, tawm ntawm tag nrho cov pej xeem hauv cheeb tsam ntawm 353,343 (raws li 31 Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2019).
2.2. Kev ntsuas thiab sau cov ntaub ntawv
Peb tau sau cov ntaub ntawv uas siv qhov kev soj ntsuam ua haujlwm hauv Kev Tshawb Fawb Cov Ntaub Ntawv Siv Hluav Taws Xob (REDCap), qhov chaw ruaj ntseg, lub vev xaib tsim los txhawb nqa cov ntaub ntawv khaws, sau, thiab kev sib koom ua ke [37,38]. Pib txij Lub Xya Hli 2020 (hnub nyoog 20–64 xyoo) thiab lub Cuaj Hli 2020 (hnub nyoog 5–13 xyoos, 14–19 xyoo, thiab 65 xyoo ntxiv), cov neeg koom sau npe online lossis hauv xov tooj raws li nyiam, thiab lawv tau tshaj tawm lawv Cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog kev noj qab haus huv, nyiaj txiag, kev noj qab haus huv, thiab kev ua neej nyob. Peb tau nug txog COVID-19 cov tsos mob thiab kev txhaj tshuaj txhua hli. Cov niam txiv tau sau daim ntawv nug nrog lawv cov menyuam hnub nyoog 5-13 xyoos. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb tau cob qhia cuaj tus neeg xam phaj los sau cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov neeg laus laus uas muaj kev nkag tau hauv internet tsawg lossis tsis muaj kev paub siv digital siv qhov kev sib tham hauv Computer-Assisted Telephone Interview (CATI).
2.3. Kev ntsuam xyuas Serological
Txhawm rau ntsuas seropositivity rau SARS-CoV-2, peb tau sau cov kab mob peripheral venous ntshav ntawm peb lub sij hawm cov ntsiab lus tau teem tseg tom qab thawj zaug, thib ob, thiab thib peb kis tus kab mob kis thoob plaws hauv Switzerland, piv txwv li, hauv ib nrab ntawm Lub Xya Hli 2020. , nruab nrab Lub Kaum Ib Hlis mus txog Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2020, thiab Lub Rau Hli mus txog Lub Xya Hli 2021, raws li. Yog li ntawd, qhov nruab nrab lub sij hawm soj ntsuam nyob nruab nrab ntawm plaub thiab yim lub hlis. Cov neeg koom nrog hauv txhua pab pawg hnub nyoog ywj pheej xaiv ib qho ntawm 17 qhov chaw thoob plaws Ticino thiab hnub thiab sijhawm ntawm lawv lub sijhawm teem sijhawm siv cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb hauv online, thiab lawv tau muab cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog lawv qhov COVID-19- cuam tshuam txog cov tsos mob thiab kis kab mob uas siv lub siab stereospecific questionnaire. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 2020, peb tau sim tsuas yog cov neeg laus uas tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau hnub nyoog 20–64. Thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis-Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2020, peb suav nrog cov menyuam yaus, cov tub ntxhais hluas, thiab cov neeg laus, thiab peb muaj kev xaiv mus ntsib tom tsev rau kev rho ntshav rau cov tib neeg muaj kev pheej hmoo. Peb tau siv qhov kev soj ntsuam Luminex yav dhau los rau kev tiv thaiv SARS-CoV-2 tag nrho cov immunoglobulins, lub hom phiaj tsim rau cov pej xeem-raws li serosurveys [35].
Thaum Lub Rau Hli-Lub Xya Hli 2021, tau muab cov phiaj xwm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv txuas ntxiv txij lub Ib Hlis 2021, peb tau ntsuas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau cov kab mob sib kis (S) thiab nucleocapsid (N) cov proteins ntawm tus kab mob. Thaum kawg tsuas yog tsim cov kab mob hauv qab no, S cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem tsim muaj kab mob hauv qab no, nrog rau tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, ua kom muaj kev sib txawv ntawm kev kis kab mob thiab / lossis tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob (hauv qab) [35]. Tom ntej no, peb tau siv qhov kev ntsuam xyuas yav dhau los uas tau txais kev pom zoo thiab tsis muaj cell-free neutralization assay uas tso cai rau kev soj ntsuam ib txhij ntawm ntau yam kab mob sib kis [35,39], suav nrog Alpha (Phylogenetic Assignment of Named Global Outbreak, Pango lineage designation B.1.1. 7). nyob rau hauv ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov neeg koom nrog 14 xyoo thiab tshaj saud uas yog seropositive ntawm qhov thib peb serosurvey thaum Lub Rau Hli-Lub Xya Hli 2021 (N=250). Thaum kawg, peb muab piv rau kev ua haujlwm nruab nrab ntawm cov neeg txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab cov neeg koom nrog kev sib koom ua ke los ntawm pawg hnub nyoog.
2.4. Kev txheeb cais
Peb xav tias qhov tsawg kawg nkaus seroprevalence ntawm 7 feem pua raws li cov ntaub ntawv hauv cheeb tsam ntawm kev sib sau, kuaj pom tseeb ntawm COVID-19 cov neeg mob tom qab thawj nthwv dej thoob plaws hauv Ticino [40], thiab peb tau suav cov qauv piv txwv kom tso cai rau qhov txaus txaus hauv kev kwv yees ntawm SARSCoV-2 seroprevalence nrog 80 feem pua ntawm lub zog, suav nrog kev tsis koom nrog thiab kev tsim txom. Peb suav cov seroprevalence kwv yees nrog 95 feem pua CI siv Bayesian logistic regression qauv accounting rau cov pej xeem lub hom phiaj cov qauv ntawm sociodemographic thiab rau cov khoom ntsuas ntawm Luminex test [41]. Peb ua piv txwv piv cov piv txwv ntawm seropositive los ntawm lub hnub nyoog, nruab nrab ntawm serosurveys, thiab los ntawm koog tsev kawm ntawv nrog tus qauv Pearson's Chi2 xeem.
Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tau pib nyob rau sab qab teb Switzerland thaum Lub Ib Hlis 4, 2021. Peb suav qhov feem pua ntawm cov neeg koom nrog uas tau txais ob koob tshuaj tiv thaiv thaum pib lub Xya Hli 2021 los ntawm pawg hnub nyoog, thiab peb muab cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog cov txiaj ntsig serological los txiav txim rau kev kis kab mob. - thiab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov pab pawg tau raug txhais raws li hauv qab no: (1) Seronegative=anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies tsis kuaj. (2) Infection-induced seropositive=ob leeg anti-S thiab anti-N tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo txawm hais tias nws tus kheej tau tshaj tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob lossis tsuas yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv S antibodies zoo rau cov uas tau tshaj tawm tias lawv tsis tau txhaj tshuaj. Anti-N antibodies wane sai dua li anti-S tshuaj tiv thaiv. Yog tias ib tus neeg koom nrog tsuas yog muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv S antibodies tab sis tshaj tawm tias tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, peb xav tias lawv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau tsim tom qab muaj tus kab mob, txawm tias qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nucleocapsid antibodies. (3) Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv-induced seropositive=tshuaj tiv thaiv S antibodies zoo, anti-N tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis zoo, thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv tus kheej qhia.
2.5. Kev ncaj ncees
Txhua tus neeg tuaj koom tau kos npe rau daim ntawv qhia txog kev pom zoo ntawm txhua qhov kev kuaj ntshav. Pawg Neeg Saib Kev Ncaj Ncees ntawm Ticino (ib feem ntawm SwissEthics) tau tso cai rau txoj kev kawm (BASIC- 2020-01514) thaum Lub Rau Hli 23, 2020.
3. Cov txiaj ntsig
Peb tau tso npe rau 3028 tus neeg koom nrog hauv pawg digital (629 tus menyuam hnub nyoog 5-13 xyoos, 451 cov tub ntxhais hluas hnub nyoog 14-19 xyoo, 1049 tus neeg laus 20-64 xyoo, thiab 882 cov laus 65 ntxiv). Rau peb qhov serosurveys, peb tau ua piv txwv cov neeg koom nrog hnub nyoog tsib xyoos lossis ntau dua los ntawm 3028 ntawm kev sib koom ua ke txuas ntxiv tsis hais txog seropositivity ntawm cov kev soj ntsuam yav dhau los. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 2020, tom qab thawj nthwv dej kis thoob qhov txhia chaw, peb tau ua tiav 646 qhov kev ntsuam xyuas serological (74 feem pua cov lus teb) hauv cov neeg laus hnub nyoog 20-64 xyoo. Txij thaum nruab nrab Lub Kaum Ib Hlis mus txog rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2020, tom qab lub nthwv dej thib ob, peb tau ua 1457 qhov kev ntsuam xyuas serological (70 feem pua cov lus teb). Nyob rau lub Rau Hli-Lub Xya Hli 2021, tom qab muaj kev sib kis thib peb, peb tau ua tiav 885 qhov kev ntsuam xyuas serological (45 feem pua tus nqi teb) rau qhov thib peb serosurvey (Daim duab 1).
Ntawm 646 tus neeg laus (20-64 xyoo) uas tau koom nrog hauv thawj serosurvey, 57.4 feem pua yog poj niam. Ntawm qhov thib ob serosurvey, 54.3 feem pua yog poj niam, thiab peb tau sim 349 tus menyuam hnub nyoog 5-13 xyoo, 284 tus hluas hnub nyoog 14-19 xyoo, 210 tus neeg laus hnub nyoog 20-64 xyoo, thiab 614 tus neeg laus 65 ntxiv. Hauv qhov thib peb serosurvey, 51.5 feem pua yog poj niam, thiab peb tau sim 166 tus menyuam yaus, 101 tus hluas, 300 tus neeg laus, thiab 318 tus laus laus (Table 1 thiab daim duab 1). Piv nrog rau lub hnub nyoog qauv ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm cov pej xeem nyob rau yav qab teb Switzerland, nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no qauv cov me nyuam, cov tub ntxhais hluas thiab cov laus laus muaj me ntsis over-representative, thiab cov neeg laus yog under-representative. Peb cov qauv kawm tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog tus sawv cev ncaj ncees ntawm tag nrho cov pejxeem [42].
Zuag qhia tag nrho, kev kawm tau zoo nyob hauv txhua pab pawg hnub nyoog, 66.2 feem pua ntawm cov neeg laus tau ua haujlwm, thiab 94.6 feem pua ntawm cov laus tau so haujlwm. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg hauv ib tsev neeg yog ib lossis ob ntawm ze li ib nrab ntawm cov qauv (48.1 feem pua).
Qhov seroprevalence nyob rau lub Xya Hli 2020 yog 7.8 feem pua (95 feem pua CI: 5.4–10·4), kwv yees hauv 646 cov neeg laus hnub nyoog 20–64 xyoo. Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2020, qhov seroprevalence tau nce peb npaug rau 26.3 feem pua (95 feem pua CI: 20.4–32.9) hauv cov neeg laus, thiab nws yog 14.8 feem pua (95 feem pua CI: 11.1–19.0) rau cov menyuam yaus, 17.7 feem pua (95 feem pua CI: 13.3–22. ) hauv cov hluas, thiab 7.2 feem pua (95 feem pua CI: 4.6–9.9) hauv cov laus. Qhov feem pua ntawm cov qauv kev tshawb fawb uas tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv tus kab mob tau nce zuj zus hauv txhua pawg hnub nyoog thaum Lub Xya Hli 2021, cuam tshuam txog kev tshaj tawm (Lub Ib Hlis 4, 2021) thiab kev nce qib ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID-19: Nws ntau dua ob npaug ntawm cov menyuam yaus (35.1 feem pua, 95 feem pua CI: 28.2–42.4), rau leej twg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tseem tsis tau muaj, thiab ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas (46.5 feem pua, 95 feem pua CI: 36.5–56.6), rau leej twg lub phiaj xwm nyuam qhuav pib. Nws ntau dua peb npaug ntawm cov neeg laus (71.4 feem pua, 95 feem pua CI: 66.1–76.7), thiab nws tau nce mus rau 95·6 feem pua (95 feem pua CI: 92.8–97.8) cov neeg laus, uas tau nkag mus rau qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv tiav (Table 1 ).
Ntawm qhov thib ob thiab thib peb serosurveys, qhov seroprevalence sib txawv ntawm lub hnub nyoog (Chi2> 55 nrog 6 df, tag nrho p < 0.001), thiab lub cev nce ntxiv ntawm tag nrho cov serosurveys yog nyob rau hauv txoj kab nrog cov xwm txheej hauv chav kuaj. -cov ntaub ntawv lees paub raws li FOPH cov txheeb cais [40] (Daim duab 2).
Qhov feem pua ntawm cov neeg laus tseem tiv thaiv kab mob (piv txwv li, cov uas tsis tau tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob) yog qhov siab tshaj plaws nyob rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2020 thiab qis tshaj thaum Lub Xya Hli 2021, thiab nws tau cuam tshuam nrog hnub nyoog rau Cov pab pawg hnub nyoog tseem tshuav ntawm qhov kev soj ntsuam zaum kawg thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tseem tsis tau pom zoo rau cov menyuam yaus. Tag nrho cov kev soj ntsuam nce ntxiv nyob rau lub sijhawm hauv seroprevalence yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv pawg hnub nyoog (Chi2> 100.1 nrog 4 df, thiab tag nrho cov nqi p <0.001). Kev kwv yees sib txawv li ntawm 10 feem pua hauv cov cheeb tsam hauv cheeb tsam ntawm yav qab teb Switzerland, tab sis seroprevalence tsis tau siab dua nyob rau yav qab teb cov cheeb tsam uas ciam teb rau thaj tsam Italian Lombardy (p> 0.05 rau txhua qhov kev sib piv), uas tau raug mob hnyav thaum thawj nthwv dej sib kis (Daim duab 3) [33] ib.
Qhov kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob COVID{{0}} nyob rau sab qab teb Switzerland tau pib nrog cov pab pawg tsis muaj zog thiab cov neeg laus dua 85 xyoo nyob rau 4 Lub Ib Hlis 2021, thiab nws tau nthuav dav kev tsim nyog los ntawm 5- xyoo muaj hnub nyoog ncua sij hawm txhua lub lim tiam [34] . Thaum Lub Rau Hli-Lub Xya Hli 2021, thaum peb tau ua qhov thib peb serosurvey, kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob nyuam qhuav pib rau cov tub ntxhais hluas (12-15 xyoo) [43] tab sis tseem tsis tau muaj rau cov menyuam yaus (qis dua 12 xyoos), uas nws tau pib thaum Lub Ib Hlis 2022. [44]. Tag nrho ntawm 63.6 feem pua ntawm cov neeg koom hauv peb txoj kev tshawb fawb tau tshaj tawm tias tau txais tsawg kawg ib koob tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID-19 tshuaj tiv thaiv (0 feem pua ntawm cov menyuam yaus, 30.7 feem pua ntawm cov hluas, 68 feem pua ntawm cov neeg laus, thiab 94.3 feem pua ntawm cov neeg laus. ). Thaum lub sijhawm kuaj ntshav, 528 tus neeg (59.7 feem pua ntawm cov qauv kawm tiag tiag ntawm N=885, qhia hauv Table 1) tsuas muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sib kis. Seroconversion tsis ua tiav rau 52 (19.6 feem pua) ntawm 266 leej uas tseem muaj tus kab mob no tab sis twb tau txais ib koob tshuaj tiv thaiv (saib pawg "seronegative" hauv Table 2 thiab daim duab 4). 29 tus neeg tau kis tus kab mob thiab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Hnub nyoog tau cuam tshuam nrog seronegativity thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo nrog kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv seropositivity. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 2021, rau txhua tus neeg uas muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob SARS-CoV-2, muaj ze li plaub tus neeg uas muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov qauv kev tshawb fawb. Qhov piv txwv no txawv ntawm 0 hauv cov menyuam yaus (tsis muaj leej twg tau txhaj tshuaj), 1.1 hauv cov hluas, 3.7 rau cov laus, thiab 10.3 rau cov laus (Table 2 thiab daim duab 4).
Qhov feem pua ntawm cov neeg koom nrog nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau pom tias cov ntshav dilution IC50 ntau dua 50 (piv txwv li, saum toj-threshold neutralizing kev ua si) txawv los ntawm SARS-CoV-2 variant (Table 3 thiab Figures 5 thiab 6).
Rau tag nrho cov qauv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab cov neeg tsis tau txhaj tshuaj, peb pom tias qhov kev ua haujlwm nruab nrab tiv thaiv SARS-CoV-2 variants yog siab dua rau hom kab mob sib kis (93 feem pua) thiab qis dua rau Alpha (89 feem pua), Gamma (85%), Delta (78%), thiab Beta (77%). Cov kev faib ua feem no kuj txawv los ntawm hnub nyoog: Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis zoo rau cov kab mob sib kis yog 98 feem pua ntawm cov neeg laus (65 ntxiv xyoo; N {{10}}), 90 feem pua ntawm cov neeg laus (20–64 xyoo; N=105), thiab 75 feem pua ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas (14–19 xyoo; N=20). Rau Alpha variant, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis zoo yog 95 feem pua, 87 feem pua, thiab 75 feem pua hauv txhua pab pawg hnub nyoog, feem; rau Gamma variant, lawv yog 92 feem pua, 80 feem pua, thiab 65 feem pua; rau Delta variant, lawv yog 90 feem pua, 70 feem pua, thiab 50 feem pua, feem; thiab rau Beta variant, lawv yog 92 feem pua, 80 feem pua, thiab 65 feem pua, feem. Kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntau dua li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas thiab cov neeg laus thiab rau txhua qhov sib txawv (tag nrho p qhov tseem ceeb rau qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib piv ntawm pawg <0.037). Txhua tus neeg laus hauv pab pawg neeg no tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, uas cuam tshuam rau kev sib piv ntawm pab pawg (Daim duab 6).
4. Kev sib tham
) thiab nce qib qis dua rau Alpha (89 feem pua), Gamma (85 feem pua), Delta (78 feem pua), thiab Beta (77 feem pua) txawv. Cov kev faib ua feem no kuj txawv ntawm lub hnub nyoog: Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis zoo rau cov kab mob sib kis yog 98 feem pua ntawm cov neeg laus (65 ntxiv xyoo; N=125), thiab 90 feem pua ntawm cov neeg laus (20– Daim duab 6. Neutralizing kev tawm tsam SARS- CoV-2 variants los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv thoob plaws pawg hnub nyoog hauv cov qauv ntawm cov neeg koom nrog seropositive ntawm qhov thib peb serosurvey thaum Lub Rau Hli-Lub Xya Hli 2021 (N=250: 65 ntxiv xyoo N=125; 20– 64 xyoo N=105; 14–19 xyoo N=20). Qhov y-axis qhia txog feem pua ntawm cov neeg koom nrog qhov siab tshaj IC50 qhov pib ua haujlwm tsis zoo los ntawm kev tshaj tawm txog kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tus kheej ntawm Lub Rau Hli-Lub Xya Hli 2021 serosurvey 4. Kev Sib Tham Txog Lub Caij Nplooj Ntoos Hlav 2020 thiab lub caij ntuj sov 2021, peb tau tsim thiab ua ib txoj kev tshawb nrhiav yav tom ntej, pej xeem-raws li kev tshawb fawb los soj ntsuam kev kis tus kab mob COVID-19 los ntawm thawj peb tus kab mob kis thoob qhov txhia chaw nyob rau sab qab teb Switzerland (Ticino). Peb tau soj ntsuam. qhov kev koom tes ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kom txo tau cov neeg tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab peb tau ntsuas qhov kev ua haujlwm nruab nrab ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sib kis tawm tsam tsib qhov sib txawv ntawm SARS-CoV-2.
Raws li peb qhov kev tshawb pom, qhov feem pua ntawm cov neeg uas muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv-SARS-CoV-2 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qis dua 10 feem pua tom qab thawj nthwv dej thaum Lub Xya Hli 2020; nws tau nce ob npaug los ntawm Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2020 thiab nce siab thaum Lub Xya Hli 2021, nrog kev hloov pauv loj los ntawm hnub nyoog. Rau txhua tus neeg uas muaj kab mob los tiv thaiv SARS-CoV{10}} cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, muaj ze li plaub tus neeg laus hnub nyoog 20–64 thiab kaum tus neeg laus uas muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm Lub Xya Hli 2021. Kev ua haujlwm nruab nrab ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qis dua rau cov kab mob sib txawv tsis ntev los no, suav nrog Delta, thiab nws tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ntau dua li cov neeg tsis tau txhaj tshuaj.
Qhov kwv yees seroprevalence nyob rau yav qab teb Switzerland nyob rau hauv thawj, thib ob, thiab thib peb serosurveys yog raws li qhov uas tau tshaj tawm nyob rau hauv Geneva (sab hnub poob Switzerland) tom qab thawj [41], thib ob [45], thiab thib peb pandemic nthwv dej [46] thiab hais tias nyob rau hauv lub canton. ntawm Zurich (sab qaum teb Switzerland) hauv cov menyuam yaus [47], tab sis nws tseem ceeb heev nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov 2021 (72.5 feem pua vs. kev kuaj serological. Thaum peb qhov kev ntsuam xyuas tau raug kuaj xyuas thiab ua kom zoo rau cov qauv raws li cov pej xeem thiab ua kom yooj yim rau kev kuaj xyuas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas tsim tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab / lossis tom qab kis kab mob, cov neeg saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv hauv nroog tau siv qhov kev sim sai uas pom tsuas yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nucleocapsid, uas tsis dhau ob peb lub hlis [ 49–51] thiab tsis txhob txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tom qab.
Peb pom muaj kev nce zuj zus mus rau lub cev tab sis qhov sib txawv hauv cheeb tsam ruaj khov nyob rau hauv seroprevalence hla cov nthwv dej sib kis. Kev sib piv tsis yog ncaj nraim nrog rau lwm cov kev tshawb fawb thoob ntiaj teb uas tau tshaj tawm cov cim kev hloov pauv hauv cheeb tsam hauv seroprevalence tom qab thawj zaug thiab thib ob nthwv dej sib kis [17,18,45,52,53]. Cov kev hloov pauv no yuav yog vim li cas, tsawg kawg hauv ib feem, rau qhov sib txawv ntawm kev kawm tsim thiab ntsuas cov yam ntxwv, tab sis kuj yog lub sijhawm sau cov ntaub ntawv. Piv txwv li, REACT-2 txoj kev tshawb fawb hauv tebchaws Askiv tau ua raws li cov kev ntsuas ntiv tes prick antibody, uas yog pheej yig dua, siv tau ntau dua, thiab tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam tab sis kuj tsis tshua muaj tseeb thiab muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau kev ntsuas kev tsis ncaj ncees thiab ua yuam kev ntau dua li kev sim tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. cov ntaub ntawv [54]. Kev ntsuam xyuas hauv tsev kuj tseem yuav qhia txog kev xaiv tus kheej tsis ncaj ncees thiab ua rau muaj kev kwv yees ntau dhau ntawm qhov tseeb. Ntxiv mus, qhov thib tsib ntawm REACT-2 txoj kev tshawb fawb tau ua tiav ob lub hlis tom qab kev tshaj tawm ntawm UK kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv phiaj xwm.
Peb tau ua tiav peb qhov thib peb ntau tshaj li rau lub hlis tom qab pib ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv Switzerland, thiab peb tau siv cov txheej txheem kuaj serological zoo rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Peb pom muaj kev nce ntxiv hauv seroprevalence nyob rau lub sijhawm uas zoo ib yam nrog cov pov thawj los ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb uas tau siv rov ua cov qauv hla ntu [9,55,56]. Peb qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm seroprevalence vim kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog raws li cov ntaub ntawv sau ua ntej kev sib kis ntawm ob qho tib si Omicron variant thiab qhov tshwm sim sai sai hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov pej xeem (uas yog ob qho tib si tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob). Tej zaum yuav muaj feem cuam tshuam txog kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov pab pawg neeg vim tias nws muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm lub hnub nyoog vim tias muaj kev pheej hmoo sib txawv thiab muaj hnub nyoog sib txawv ntawm kev kis kab mob vim muaj kev sib txawv.
Peb qhov kev tshawb pom qhia tias kev tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv COVID-19 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov neeg laus muaj peev xwm txaus tom qab ob koob tshuaj thiab ua siab ntev rau rau lub hlis txij li thawj koob tshuaj. Txawm hais tias yuav xav tau kev txhawb nqa ntxiv [57], peb cov txiaj ntsig tau muab kev txhawb nqa kev kis mob rau qhov kev sim ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj [24,25,58] thiab rau lawv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau tus kab mob, ntau yam tshuaj ntsuam xyuas [59] (raws li qhia hauv daim duab 6 ). Tsis tas li ntawd, peb cov kev soj ntsuam ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm cov qauv uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov kab mob sib kis nrog cov kab mob sib kis ntau ntxiv tom qab ob koob tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab ua ntej kev ncig ntawm Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant txuas ntxiv qhov kev tshawb pom ua ntej tau txais hauv tshuab. kev tshawb fawb [35] thiab hauv cov qauv kuaj mob xaiv [60,61]. Zoo ib yam li cov kev tshawb pom tsis ntev los no tau tshaj tawm [19,21,24,25,62–65], neutralizing antibody titers tau siab dua hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntau dua li cov neeg tsis tau txhaj tshuaj.
Peb qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm qhov tsis tu ncua, khov kho, thiab muaj hnub nyoog sib txawv ntawm qhov nce zuj zus los ntawm cov nthwv dej sib kis, nruab nrab ntawm lub caij ntuj sov 2020 thiab lub caij ntuj sov 2021, yog nyob rau hauv txoj kab nrog kev nce zoo sib xws hauv cov ntaub ntawv hauv cheeb tsam ntawm cumulative, kuaj tau lees paub COVID-19 mob [40 ]. Txawm li cas los xij, piv nrog rau kev soj ntsuam cov ntaub ntawv, peb qhov kev kwv yees muab qhov tseeb dua ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm kev kis tus kab mob hauv cov pej xeem thiab ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov neeg tiv thaiv kab mob thoob plaws hnub nyoog, tsis hais txog kev sim nkag mus, muaj, thiab kev pab nrhiav tus cwj pwm, thiab lawv suav txog qhov kev pab cuam txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2020, feem coob ntawm cov neeg laus tseem muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov chav kawm ntawm tus kab mob no feem ntau hnyav dua [66], thiab tus kab mob tuag taus yog qhov siab tshaj plaws hauv pawg hnub nyoog no ua ntej txhaj tshuaj [67–69]. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm hais tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob hnyav, cov pov thawj ua ntej qhia tau hais tias qhov txo qis ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tshwm sim sai dua rau cov laus dua li cov neeg laus [67,70]. Kev sau cov ntaub ntawv hauv peb txoj kev tshawb fawb tau ua tiav lub hlis ua ntej kev sib kis sai ntawm Omicron variant. Peb cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia tias kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog qhov tseem ceeb rau qhov kev pom zoo ntawm kev nce hauv seroprevalence. Hauv cov neeg laus, kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 95 feem pua los ntawm Lub Xya Hli 2021. Peb qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov neeg laus muaj feem cuam tshuam rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv pawg hnub nyoog no. Cov kws kho mob tuaj yeem qhia lawv cov neeg mob kom txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab lawv tuaj yeem txiav txim siab siv cov kev sim serological uas sib txawv ntawm cov kab mob- thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob. Vim tias cov neeg tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ua haujlwm tau zoo tab sis tseem muaj peev xwm kis tau tus kab mob thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob sib txuas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntau dua li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob los yog kev tiv thaiv kab mob sib kis ib leeg [19,21,63–65], serosurveys tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev soj ntsuam cov dynamics ntawm antibody waning thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv. kab mob sib kis hauv cov pej xeem [71].
Peb cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm txo qis hauv qib nruab nrab tiv thaiv cov kab mob tshiab tshiab (nrog rau qhov pom tseeb ntawm Beta) tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau pej xeem kev noj qab haus huv tseem ceeb. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj kev tiv thaiv ib tus neeg siab heev tiv thaiv COVID-19 cov tsos mob [72], pw hauv tsev kho mob [73], thiab kev tuag [74] hauv lub hlis tom qab txhaj tshuaj, thiab lawv tuaj yeem pab txhawb kom txo tau ob qho tib si kev tuag cuam tshuam nrog COVID{{4 } } thiab qhov siab ntawm kev pabcuam kev noj qab haus huv [75–79]. Txawm hais tias kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv kev kis mob hnyav tuaj yeem txo qis raws li cov kev hloov pauv tshiab tshwm sim, peb qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm cov qib siab nruab nrab tiv thaiv tag nrho SARS-CoV-2 variants nyob rau hauv cov neeg uas muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntau dua li cov uas muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob. nrog cov pov thawj ntawm qhov txo qis ntawm COVID-19 kev tuag cuam tshuam nrog koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob [80], thiab lawv muab kev txhawb nqa txuas ntxiv, hloov kho, thiab ntxiv dag zog rau kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv txhua pab pawg hnub nyoog thiab npaj rau koob tshuaj ntxiv.
Qee qhov kev txwv yog tsim nyog sau cia. Ua ntej, cov lus teb tau txo qis rau lub sijhawm. Kev siv tau sab nraud ntawm peb qhov kev tshawb pom yuav txawv raws li. Qhov thib ob, kev pheej hmoo qis dua thiab siab dua tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo thiab cuam tshuam rau kev koom tes, raws li. Txawm li cas los xij, cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm cov qauv kev tshawb fawb tiag tiag yog piv rau cov neeg hauv lub hom phiaj thiab tsis txawv ntawm cov neeg tsis teb [42]. Thib peb, peb tau siv cov kev ntsuas serological uas yuav tsum tau kos cov ntshav peripheral, uas yog qhov cuam tshuam ntau dua thiab muaj peev xwm txaus ntshai dua li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntiv tes. Qhov no tej zaum yuav cuam tshuam rau kev koom tes tab sis plausibly tsis sib txawv txog tus kab mob. Kev xaiv tsis ncaj ncees zoo li tsis zoo li. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb muaj cov kev xaiv kuaj ntshav sib ze thiab mus ntsib hauv tsev rau cov tib neeg muaj kev pheej hmoo, suav nrog cov neeg laus. Plaub, nws muaj peev xwm hais tias qhov kev tawm tsam nce ntxiv hauv seroprevalence hauv cov pej xeem tau hloov kho qhov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm qhov kev ntsuam xyuas serological [35]. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseeb thiab qhov tseeb ntawm peb qhov kev ntsuam xyuas tau pom nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm cov pej xeem yog lub zog loj ntawm peb txoj kev tshawb fawb [81]. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb suav nrog qhov rhiab heev thiab qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov kev sim, thiab peb siv tus qauv Bayesian muaj zog los kho qhov kev kwv yees rau ob qho tib si cuav thiab qhov tsis zoo. Peb cov kev kwv yees siv tau thiab txhim khu kev qha, thiab lawv tuaj yeem nthuav dav nrog kev ntseeg siab rau cov neeg zoo sib xws thiab cov neeg nyob sib ze. Kev koom tes ntau dua ntawm cov neeg laus, feem coob ntawm cov uas tseem muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb thib ob, tej zaum yuav ua rau muaj kev tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm tag nrho cov seroprevalence nyob rau lub caij ntuj no 2020. Thib tsib, peb muab cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog tus kheej ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob nrog cov txiaj ntsig serological kom paub qhov txawv. kab mob-induced seroprevalence ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv-induced seroprevalence ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Kev ua haujlwm nruab nrab tuaj yeem txhawb nqa me ntsis hauv pab pawg tom kawg thiab tuaj yeem ua rau peb cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, thiab qee qhov sib tshooj ntawm pawg yuav tshwm sim vim tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv N antibodies wane sai dua li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv S antibodies [49,51 , 81] ib. Thaum kawg, peb tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm qhov ntawd, rau qee qhov, qhov qis nruab nrab kuj tseem tuaj yeem yog vim lub sijhawm ntev txij li induction ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tom qab kis kab mob piv rau kev txhaj tshuaj. Kev soj ntsuam ntev dua tuaj yeem xav tau los ua kom pom qhov pom ntawm qhov no thiab lwm yam tseem tsis tau paub tseeb.
5. Cov lus xaus
Hauv kev xaus, cov kev soj ntsuam zoo zoo tseem tseem tsis tau txiav txim siab txog qhov tseeb ntawm COVID-19 kab mob hauv cov neeg, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob muab kev nkag siab tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv zej zog, suav nrog kev tiv thaiv kab mob sib kis thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tsis muaj peev xwm, raws li tshiab variants tshwm sim thiab kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv txuas ntxiv mus. Peb txoj kev tshawb fawb muab kev kwv yees tseeb ntawm cov kev hloov pauv hauv feem ntawm cov neeg tiv thaiv kab mob nyob rau yav qab teb Switzerland los ntawm kev sib kis tsis zoo, thiab nws qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hnub nyoog. Peb cov txiaj ntsig tau cuam tshuam rau pej xeem kev noj qab haus huv tseem ceeb hauv cheeb tsam, teb chaws, thiab thoob ntiaj teb vim tias kev nce hauv seropositivity mus txog 2021 tsis yog vim muaj kab mob tab sis feem ntau yog txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Kev tshawb nrhiav ntxiv hauv cov qauv ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tau raug lees paub, tshwj xeeb yog thiab tom qab cov kab mob tshiab tshwm sim.
Tus sau kev koom tes:
Conceptualization, EA, thiab RA; methodology, EA, RA, A.-LC, LC (Laurie Corna), SL thiab LC (Luca Crivelli); kev soj ntsuam, GP, PB, thiab MK; lab analyses, CFC; kawm kev sib koom tes, RA; cov ntaub ntawv sau RA, GF, AMA, thiab KB; cov ntaub ntawv curation, GF, GP, thiab PB; kev sib txuas lus, AMA, KB, AA thiab MF (Maddalena Fiordelli); ethics, MF (Marta Fadda) thiab RA; kev sau ntawv—kev npaj ua ntej, EA, thiab RA; sau—kev tshuaj xyuas thiab kho, GP, GF, PB, A.-LC, LC (Laurie Corna), SL, MF (Marta Fadda), MF (Maddalena Fiordelli), AMA, KB, AA, CFC, SS, MK, AF , MAP thiab LC (Luca Crivelli); kev saib xyuas, EA thiab LC (Luca Crivelli); kev tswj xyuas qhov project, RA, thiab KB; Kev nrhiav nyiaj txiag, MAP, EA thiab LC (Luca Crivelli). Lub Corona Immunitas Ticino Study Group muab kev txhawb nqa logistic thiab txheej txheem rau kev sau cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm txoj kev tshawb no. Txhua tus kws sau ntawv tau nyeem thiab pom zoo rau cov ntawv luam tawm ntawm cov ntawv sau.
Nyiaj txiag:
Qhov kev tshawb fawb no tau txais nyiaj los ntawm Swiss School of Public Health, los ntawm kev pub dawb los ntawm cov chaw ntiag tug thiab pej xeem (xws li, Swiss Federal Office of Public Health), thiab los ntawm Ceresio Foundation (hauv Ticino).
Institutional Review Board Statement:
Pawg Neeg Saib Kev Ncaj Ncees ntawm Ticino (ib feem ntawm SwissEthics) tau tso cai rau txoj kev kawm (BASEC-2020-01514) thaum Lub Rau Hli 23, 2020.
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Pom Zoo:
Cov ntaub ntawv pom zoo tau txais los ntawm txhua yam kev koom tes hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb.
Cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob:
Cov ntaub ntawv txheeb xyuas tus neeg koom nrog hauv qab qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb no yuav muaj rau cov kws tshawb fawb xa cov lus pom zoo kom ua tiav cov hom phiaj ntawm qhov kev thov tom qab tshaj tawm tsab xov xwm no. Cov lus pom zoo yuav tsum raug xa mus rau tus kws sau ntawv (Emiliano Albanese, emiliano.albanese@usi.ch).
Kev lees paub:
Peb lees paub "Corona Immunitas Ticino" pawg kawm: Emiliano Albanese, Rebecca Amati, Antonio Amendola, Anna Maria Annoni, Granit Baqaj, Kleona Bezani, Peter Buttaroni, Anne-Linda Camerini, Anna Paola Caminada, Elia Cattani, Alessandro Ceschi, , Cristina Corti Fragoso, Luca Crivelli, Diana Sofia Da Costa Santos, Giorgio Dal Bo', Gladys Delai Venturelli, Daniela Dordoni, Marta Fadda, Luca Faillace, Ilaria Falvo, Paolo Ferrari, Maddalena Fiordelli, Carolina Foglia, Giovanni Franscella, Roberta Gandolfi, Rosita Ghidossi, Daniele Giottonini, Paola Guglielmetti, Sandra Jovic, Franco Keller, Sara Levati, Isabella Martinelli, Federico Mele, Rosalba Morese, Anna Papis, Giovanni Piumatti, Greta Rizzi, Serena Sabatini, Federica Sallusto, thiab Tatiro Tonolla. Peb ua tsaug rau txhua tus neeg koom nrog "Corona Immunitas Ticino" rau lawv qhov kev pab cuam tseem ceeb thiab Swiss Federal Statistical Office rau muab cov npe ntawm cov neeg koom nrog. Txoj kev tshawb no yuav tsis tuaj yeem ua tsis tau yog tias tsis muaj kev koom tes ntawm Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lub Tsev Haujlwm ntawm Microbiology SUPSI, Centro Medico, Center Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lub Tsev Haujlwm rau Kev Tshawb Fawb hauv Biomedicine, Uniti Health Services, Fondazione Sasso Corbaro, Tre Valli Soccorso, BeeCare, GIIPSI, Hannelore Pieroni Sagl, Protezione Civile, Corpo Pompieri Faido, Associazione Ridere per Vivere, thiab Migros Ticino. Peb zoo siab ua tsaug rau cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm txhua tus neeg koom tes, cov kws tshawb nrhiav chaw tshawb fawb, thiab cov neeg xam phaj ntawm Università della Svizzera italiana (USI) thiab University of Applied Sciences thiab Arts of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI). Peb kuj ua tsaug rau Swiss Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv thiab Ceresio Foundation rau lawv txoj kev txhawb nqa nyiaj txiag txoj haujlwm no.
Kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kev txaus siab:
Cov kws sau ntawv tshaj tawm tsis muaj kev sib cav txog kev txaus siab.
Cov ntaub ntawv
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