Kev soj ntsuam tshuaj lom neeg thiab kev tiv thaiv ntawm Ethanolic nplooj Extract ntawm Cassia Spectabilis DC ntawm daim siab thiab raum kev ua haujlwm ntawm Plasmodium Berghei-Infected nas
Oct 30, 2023
1. Taw qhia
Txog hnub no, qhov teeb meem ntawmPlasmodiumparasitic tsis kam ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas twb muaj lawm tseem yog ib qho teeb meem loj rau kev tshem tawm cov kab mob malaria [1–3]. Yog li ntawd, kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb pom ntawm cov peev txheej tshiab ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, ib qho ntawm cov nroj tsuag tshuaj, tseem ua tiav [4].Hauv vivothiabhauv vitrocov qauv tau ntev tau siv rau hauv kev sim tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th,Plasmodium bergheilos yogPlasmodium yoeliitau siv los kis nas. Lub caij no,P. bergheitau dhau los ua hom kab uas siv ntau tshaj plaws rau kev kawm nyob rau theem siab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim cov hypnozoite los tshawb xyuas malarial recurrence [5–7].
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Ib qho ntawm cov nroj tsuag ib txwm nyob hauv Indonesia, Cassia spectabilis DC ntawm tsev neeg Caesalpiniaceae, tau ua pov thawj hauv vitro tiv thaiv P. falciparum thiab hauv kev kho mob malaria hauv vivo tiv thaiv P. berghei [8, 9], qhia tias C. spectabilis DC cog yog muaj peev xwm tsim tau ntxiv los ua tus neeg sib tw rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov hauj lwm yav dhau los tau tshaj tawm tias qhov kev sim hauv vivo ntawm 90% ethanolic extract ntawm C. spectabilis DC nplooj tawm tsam P. berghei ANKA hauv BALB / c nas pom tias tus nqi ED50 yog 131.5 mg / kg BW [9], thiab nws yog categorized li heev. zoo tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob [10]
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov extract, feem, subfractions, thiab cais cov tebchaw ntawm C. spectabilis DC tau raug kuaj hauv vitro rau lawv cov kev ua ub ua no. *e active compound ntawm cov nroj tsuag no tau ntse txheeb xyuas raws li ib tug compound uas zoo tib yam rau (–){{0}}hydroxycassine, thiab nws nyob rau hauv vitro antimalarial kev ua si kuaj pom ib tug tsawg heev IC50 ntawm 0.016 ug/mL [ 11], uas yog cais raws li ib tug muaj zog antimalarial kev ua si [12].
Kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov nroj tsuag no txog kev kov yeej cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob malarial tau txuas ntxiv los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas kev nyab xeeb thiab cuam tshuam ntawm kev txhim kho C. spectabilis DC nplooj extract ntawm daim siab thiab lub raum ua haujlwm hauv P. berghei ANKA-mob nas. Kev tshawb fawb kev tshawb fawb txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov nroj tsuag tshuaj uas muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau lub siab thiab lub raum kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov nas uas muaj kab mob parasites tau ua tiav [13-16], nrog rau kev kuaj mob hnyav thiab mob toxicity [17-20]. Lub siab muaj lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj cov txheej txheem physiological. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov metabolism hauv lub cev, kev tso tawm, thiab khaws cia. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub siab muaj lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tshem tawm cov tshuaj lom thiab tso tawm ntawm cov tshuaj endogenous thiab exogenous [21-24].
Kab mob malarial pib thaum sporozoites kis los ntawm malarial parasite-infected poj niam Anopheles yoov tshaj cum. Thaum noj ntshav, tus poj niam Anopheles txhaj tshuaj sporozoite theem ntawm cov cab [25, 26]. Tom qab li ib teev ntawm kev mus ncig hauv tib neeg lub cev, sporozoites ces nkag mus rau hauv daim siab, tawm tsam hepatocytes, thiab pib lub voj voog asexual ntawm exoerythrocytic schizogony. Nyob rau hauv daim siab hlwb, cov kab mob sib txawv asexually, kom txog rau thaum lawv loj hlob schizont, thiab thaum kawg, ntau tus merozoites tsim thiab nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha tom qab kis kab mob hepatocyte tawg. * e kab mob hepatocytes ua rau lub siab puas tsuaj vim kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov kab mob hepatocytes thiab merozoites nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha thiab pib lub voj voog erythrocytic hauv cov qe ntshav liab [27, 28]. Kev puas tsuaj uas tshwm sim hauv daim siab hlwb tuaj yeem ua rau cov enzymes ua haujlwm ntawm daim siab ua haujlwm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog transaminase enzyme, thiab morphological hloov ntawm lub siab [29, 30], xws li hepatomegaly. Hepatosplenomegaly yog ib hom kab mob malarial hauv tib neeg [31] thiab nas [32] tshwm sim los ntawm kev kis tus kab mob malarial parasites. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj qhov loj ntawm lub raum hauv kab mob malaria.
Lub siab ua haujlwm tsis zoo tuaj yeem kuaj pom los ntawm hepatocellular transamination ntawm plasma glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) thiab plasma glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) tso tawm hauv plasma, lossis los ntawm kev soj ntsuam histological ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg [33]. Qhov kev puas tsuaj ntau tshaj plaws yog ua kom apoptotic cell tuag lossis hepatocyte necrosis [34–36]. Clinically tseem ceeb raum kev koom tes yog txuam nrog tus kab mob los ntawm P. falciparum thiab P. malariae. *e kab mob ntawm P. falciparum ua rau mob tshwm sim, xws li asymptomatic, mus txog rau cov kab mob urinary, thiab me me electrolyte cuam tshuam rau mob raum tsis ua hauj lwm (ARF) los yog mob raum mob (AKI) uas yuav tsum tau kev pab dialysis [27, 37]. * e cov xwm txheej ntawm AKI hauv qhov teeb meem ntawm malaria paub tias ua rau muaj kev tuag ntau, uas yog kwv yees li 75% ntawm cov neeg mob. * e txoj kev tshawb fawb histological qhia pom tias muaj cov kab mob glomerulonephritis, mob hlab ntsha necrosis, thiab interstitial nephritis raws li qhov tseem ceeb hemodynamic yam hauv malaria-koom nrog AKI [38]. Feem ntau, cov qib ntawm lub raum tsis ua haujlwm tuaj yeem kuaj pom los ntawm qhov muaj cov protein txaus hauv cov zis thiab nce qib hauv cov ntshav urea, creatinine, thiab ntshav plasma electrolyte [39].
* e toxicity ntawm 90% ethanolic extract ntawm C. spectabilis DC (EECS) tawm hauv cov nas BALB/c, ua raws li kev kuaj enzyme, tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau histopathology thiab daim siab thiab lub raum ua haujlwm tom qab EECS kev tswj hwm.
2. Cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem
2.1. Plant Materials and Preparation of EECS. *e C. saib
DC nplooj tau yuav thiab txiav txim siab hauv LIPI (Indonesia Research Center), Botanical Garden, Purwodadi, East Java, Indonesia (B-160/IPH.06/KS.02/III/ 2019). *e cov qauv tau muab tso rau hauv herbarium hauv Department of Pharmacognosy thiab Phytochemistry, Kws Qhia Ntawv ntawm Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga. * e nplooj tau rinsed kom huv si nrog dej kais dej kom tshem tawm cov kab mob extraneous, qhuav ntawm 45 degree, thiab hauv av rau hauv hmoov nrog ib tug grinder. * e extraction yog nqa tawm los ntawm macerating cov hmoov cog cov ntaub ntawv (500 g) nyob rau hauv ib lub hwj uas muaj 2,500 mL ntawm 90% ethanol (ntawm 25-30 degree) rau 3 × 24 teev. * e extraction hnyav tau sib cais, lim los ntawm cov ntawv lim, thiab evaporated nyob rau hauv txo siab los ntawm teb evaporation. *e ethanolic extract tawm los ntawm 1000 g qhuav qhov hnyav ntawm C. spectabilis DC nplooj hmoov yog 10.20% (w / w) thiab tau siv rau hauv qhov kev sim no.
2.2. Tsiaj txhu.
Txiv neej BALB/c nas hnub nyoog 6-8 lub lis piam, qhov hnyav ntawm 25-30 g, tau siv rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no. Tag nrho cov nas tau txais los ntawm Farma Veterinary Center, Directorate General ntawm Tsiaj thiab Tsiaj Noj Qab Haus Huv Ministry of Agriculture, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. * e tsiaj tau nyob hauv cov xwm txheej txheem thiab pub nrog cov khoom noj khoom haus thiab dej ad libitum. *e kev pom zoo ntawm txoj kev kawm raws tu qauv tau txais los ntawm Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees rau Kev Tshawb Fawb Tsiaj, Universitas Air langga, Indonesia, Tus lej 2.KE.181.10.2018.
2.3. Kev kuaj mob toxicity.
EECS tau hnyav thiab rov ua dua nrog 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na CMC) kom tau txais cov koob tshuaj uas xav tau. BALB / c nas tau yoo mov rau 24 teev ua ntej noj nrog cov extract. *e tsiaj tau muab faib ua peb pawg, txhua pawg muaj tsib nas. * e koob tshuaj rau txhua pawg yog 1,250; 2,500; thiab 5, 000 mg/kg BW, feem. Kev coj tus cwj pwm ntawm txhua tus nas tau pom tsis tu ncua rau ib teev tom qab txhua koob tshuaj, tsis tu ncua txhua plaub teev, thiab tom qab ntawd dhau ntawm 24 teev [40–42].
2.4. Subacute Toxicity Test.
Hauv kev kuaj mob toxicity subacute, cov nas tau muab faib ua peb pawg thiab txhua pab pawg tau kho nrog EECS ib zaug, tsib zaug, thiab kaum zaug ntawm 150 mg / kg BW txhua hnub noj qhov ncauj rau 28 hnub; pawg tswj ib txwm tsuas yog muab zaub mov thiab dej haus ad libitum [43]. * e tsiaj raug soj ntsuam rau 28 hnub rau ib qho kev tshwm sim ntawm toxicity. Thaum kawg ntawm lub sijhawm soj ntsuam, tag nrho cov tsiaj txhu tau muab txi rau hauv ether tshuaj loog thiab cov kab mob tseem ceeb xws li daim siab thiab lub raum raug tshem tawm ntawm txhua tus tsiaj rau tag nrho thiab kev kuaj mob histopathological.
2.5. Rodent's Parasite.
Chloroquine rhiab heev ntawm Plasmodium berghei ANKA tau txais los ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm ntawm Biomolecular Eijkman, Jakarta, Indonesia, thiab khaws cia los ntawm kev hla dhau uas tau siv hauv txoj kev tshawb no.
2.6. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm EECS ntawm Plasma Qib ntawm SGOT thiab SGPT.
* yog qhov kev sim yog qhov kev sim tshuaj tiv thaiv raws li Peters [44]. * yog qhov kev sim txwv tsis pub ua ua ntej kev soj ntsuam ntawm EECS ntawm qib ntshav ntawm SGOT thiab SGPT. *e tsiaj tau kis tus kab mob P. berghei ANKA thiab muab faib ua tsib pawg ntawm A, B, C, D, thiab E. *e tsiaj raug kho sai tom qab kis kab mob rau hnub 0 (D0) thiab txuas ntxiv txhua hnub rau peb hnub (D1–D3). Pawg A raws li kev tswj tsis zoo tau txais 0.5% Na CMC hais lus. Pawg B thiab C raws li pab pawg kho mob tau muab EECS ntawm ib koob tshuaj ntawm 150 thiab 200 mg / kg BW, raws li. Pawg D yog ib qho kev tswj xyuas zoo uas muab chloroquine ntawm ib koob tshuaj ntawm qhov ncauj ntawm 100 mg / kg BW. Ntxiv mus, pawg E raws li kev tswj hwm kev noj qab haus huv tsis kis kab mob thiab tsuas yog muab zaub mov thiab dej haus ad libitum. Hnub plaub (D4), cov ntshav smears ntawm txhua tus nas tau npaj thiab tshuaj xyuas microscopically. Tsis tas li ntawd, plasma tau sau ua ntej ntsuas ntawm SGOT thiab SGPT qib.
2.7. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm EECS ntawm Histopathology ntawm Lub Siab thiab raum.
Thaum kawg ntawm lub sijhawm soj ntsuam, tag nrho cov tsiaj txhu tau muab txi rau hauv ether tshuaj loog ua ntej lub siab thiab lub raum tshem tawm. Tom qab ntsuas cov khoom nruab nrog cev, cov ntaub so ntswg tau kho hauv 10% formaldehyde tov thiab ua tiav ntxiv rau hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. * e histopathological kev soj ntsuam tau ua kom pom cov nyhuv toxicological ntawm EECS ntawm cov hlwb degenerative thiab necrotic ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg. * e kev puas tsuaj tau muab qhab nia raws li Gibson-Corley li al. [45].
2.8. Kev txheeb cais.
* e cov ntaub ntawv tau sawv cev raws li qhov txhais tau tias ± tus qauv sib txawv (SD). Ib txoj kev tsom xam ntawm qhov sib txawv (ANOVA) tau siv los sib piv cov ntaub ntawv ib txwm faib ntawm cov kev kho mob, tom qab ntawd los ntawm kev xeem tom qab hoc ntau qhov kev sib piv thaum tau txais qhov tseem ceeb sib txawv. Thaum cov ntaub ntawv tsis raug faib tawm ib txwm, Kruskal-Wallis thiab Mann-Whitney U-test tau siv los ntsuas qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kev kho mob.
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