Top Four Secret Chinese Medicine

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Nws yog hais tias Suav tshuaj yog ib lub teb chaws quintessence. Muaj cov laj thawj rau Suav tshuaj los ua qub txeeg qub teg. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis muaj txiaj ntsig los sib cav txog nws. Yog hais tias ib tug xav tias nws yog qhov zoo, ib tug muaj peev xwm ntseeg, thiab vice versa.

Hnub no, kuv yuav qhia koj txog kev paub zoo. Qhov ntawd yog peb cov tshuaj loj hauv Suav teb, ces peb cov tshuaj loj tshaj plaws ntawm Tuam Tshoj yog dab tsi? Cia peb mloog tus kws kho mob laus hais li cas. Lawv yog Yunnan Baiiyao, Pien-Tze-Huang, Liu-Shen-Wan, thiabCistanche.

1 Yunnan Baiyao

Yunnan Baiyaoyog ib qho tshuaj suav tshuaj ntsuab uas tau siv rau nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, hemostatic, kho qhov txhab, thiab kho qhov mob hauv tib neeg. Nws tau raug siv nyob rau hauv cov kws kho tsiaj los tswj cov ntshav hauv cov dev nrog hemangiosarcoma (HSA) thiab tau tshaj tawm anecdotally kom ncua sij hawm ciaj sia nyob hauv cov dev nrog cov neoplasm no. Txoj kev tshawb no tau soj ntsuam covhauv vitrokev ua ntawmYunnan Baiyaotiv thaiv peb canine HSA cell kab tom qab kho nrog nce concentrations ntawmYunnan Baiyao(50, 100, 200, 400, 600, thiab 800 µg mL−1) ntawm 24, 48, thiab 72 h. Txhais tau tias ib nrab-siab tshaj plaws inhibitory concentration (IC50) ntawm 72 h rau DEN, Fitz, SB yog 369.9, 275.9, thiab 325.3 µg mL−1, raws. Caspase-3/7 kev ua haujlwm tau nce hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog IC50nyob rau hauv txhua kab ntawm tes uas tau lees paub los ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL, APO-BRDU Kit; BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA) assay. VEGF nyob rau hauv cell supernatant kuj tau suav. Zuag qhia tag nrho, txoj kev tshawb nrhiav pom tiasYunnan Baiyaoua rau koob tshuaj thiab lub sij hawm-nyob ntawm HSA cell tuag los ntawm kev pib ntawm caspase-mediated apoptosis, uas txhawb kev kawm yav tom ntej uas muaj feem nrogYunnan Baiyao.

2 Pien-Tze-Huang

Pien-Tze-Huang (PTH) yog lub npe nrov thiab feem ntau siv cov tshuaj suav tshuaj hauv Suav teb. Nws yog thawj zaug tsim los ntawm tus kws kho mob muaj koob muaj npe ntawm Ming Dynasty (kwv yees li 1555 AD). Tsis ntev los no, PTH tau nyiam thoob ntiaj teb vim nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo tiv thaiv ntau yam kab mob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog mob qog noj ntshav. Daim ntawv no tau tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv tshiab ntawm nws cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, tshuaj, thiab kev siv tshuaj kho mob. Ntau yam ntawm cov tshuaj sib txuas, feem ntau yog ginsenosides thiab cov kua tsib acids, tau txheeb xyuas thiab ntsuas los ntawm PTH. Cov kev tshawb fawb kws tshuaj qhia tau hais tias PTH muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tiv thaiv ntau yam qog noj ntshav, kab mob siab, thiab ischemic stroke. Tsis tas li ntawd, PTH tau siv los kho ntau yam kab mob hauv Suav teb, xws li mob qog noj ntshav, mob qog noj ntshav, thiab kab mob siab. Hauv cov ntsiab lus, PTH yog tus neeg sawv cev muaj peev xwm nrog kev kho mob dav dav rau kev kho mob ntawm ntau yam kab mob. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov kev mob tshwm sim thiab toxicity ntawm PTH yog ib qho teeb meem uas tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb, uas yuav tsum tau kawm tiag tiag yav tom ntej.

3 Liu-Shen-Wan

Liu-Shen-Wan (LSW), ib lub npe nrov suav tshuaj suav tshuaj rau kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob ua pa sab saud, raug tshuaj xyuas rau nws cov kev ua ub no los tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tshuaj tua kab mob. Acetic acid-elevated vascular permeability, carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMC-Na)-induced leukocyte migration, thiab pob ntseg edema tshwm sim los ntawm picryl chloride tau siv los kuaj kev ua haujlwm tiv thaiv. Ntxiv mus, acetic acid-induced writhing thiab kub-phaj kev ntsuam xyuas tau siv los txiav txim cov teebmeem analgesic. Nws tau pom tias LSW tau siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tshuaj tua kab mob tseem ceeb hauv cov qauv no ntawm koob tshuaj 30 thiab 90 mg / kg crude tshuaj hauv vivo. Tsis tas li ntawd, LSW muaj zog tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm tib neeg peripheral ntshav mononuclear hlwb (PBMC) txhawb nqa los ntawm streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin ntawm koob tshuaj 0.5-5 ug / ml hauv vitro. LSW tau muab faib nrog chloroform, methanol, dej thiab ntxhia feem. Ob peb feem inhibited o thiab mob nyob rau hauv txawv degrees. Ntawm lawv, chloroform feem yog qhov ua haujlwm tshaj plaws hauv kev ntsuas kub-phaj thiab writhing thiab ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo kawg nkaus rau tib neeg PBMC kev loj hlob. Methanol thiab cov dej feem ntau muaj kev txwv ntau dua hauv vascular permeability, leukocyte tsiv teb tsaws, thiab kev kuaj PC-DTH. Cov txiaj ntsig no qhia tias LSW muaj cov haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tshuaj tua kab mob. Cov chloroform feem yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm LSW rau tag nrho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tshuaj tua kab mob, thaum methanol thiab cov dej feem ntau kuj ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm ntawm LSW.

4 Cistanche

Hom ntawm genus ntawmCistanche(Rou Cong Rong hauv Suav) yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob perennial thiab feem ntau faib rau hauv cov av qhuav thiab cov suab puam sov. Raws li ib tug superior tonic rau kev kho mob ntawm lub raum deficiency, impotence, poj niam infertility, morbid leucorrhea, profuse metrorrhagia thiab senile cem quav, Cistanche tshuaj ntsuab tau txais lub meej mom ntawm "Ginseng ntawm cov suab puam". Tsis ntev los no, tau nce kev saib xyuas ntawm Herba Cistanche rau nws cov bioactivities zoo kawg li suav nrog kev tiv thaiv oxidation, neuroprotection, thiab tiv thaiv kev laus. Cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg ntawm Cistanche cov nroj tsuag feem ntau suav nrog cov roj tsis hloov pauv thiab tsis hloov pauv phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs), iridoids, lignans, alditols, oligosaccharides thiab polysaccharides. Pharmacological kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias PhGs yog lub ntsiab active Cheebtsam rau kho lub raum tsis muaj zog, antioxidation thiab neuroprotection; galactitol thiab oligosaccharides yog cov neeg sawv cev rau kev kho mob ntawm senile cem quav, thaum polysaccharides yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev txhim kho lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, kev nce qib ntawm chemical constituents ntawmCistanchecov nroj tsuag thiab lawv cov kev txheeb xyuas zoo raug tshuaj xyuas.

cistanche thiab tongkatali tshiabcistanche

4.1. Volatile compounds

Feem ntau siv cov txheej txheem rho tawm rau cov tsis muaj zog ntawm TCMs suav nrog chav distillation thiab lipophilic organicsolvent extraction. Siv chav distillation, cov roj tseem ceeb ntawm C. salsa thiab C. tubulosa tau muab rho tawm, thiab 38 thiab 21 cov khoom raug txheeb xyuas los ntawm GC-MS, raws li (Table 1). Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv cov roj tseem ceeb ntawm C. salsa muaj alkanes, cawv, aldehydes, thiab qee qhov sib xyaw heterocyclic, thaum palmitic acid thiab linoleic acid yog ob qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom xyaw ntawm C. tubulosa [22,23]. Lub volatile tebchaw ntawm C. deserticola tau muab rho tawm los ntawm roj av ether, thiab 25 constituents raug txheeb xyuas los ntawm GC-MS. Peb cov khoom lag luam nplua nuj tshaj plaws yog methyl14-methylpentadecanoate (13.61%) , ethyl palmitate (12.39%) thiab 2,5, 6-trimethylolethane (7.60%) [24]. Lwm daim ntawv tshaj tawm ntawm cov volatilecomponents ntawm C. deserticola qhia tau hais tias eugenol yog lub ntsiab tseem ceeb thaum siv ib txhij distillation-extractionmethod [25]. Cov txiaj ntsig sib txawv ntawm ob daim ntawv no [24,25] tej zaum yuav tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm kev rho tawm thiab cov kev ntsuas sib txawv ntawm GC-MS.

4.2. Non-volatile compounds

Cov tsis-volatile compounds ntawmCistancheCov nroj tsuag feem ntau suav nrog phenylethanoids, iridoids, lignans, alditols, oligosaccharides, thiab polysaccharides. Txog rau tam sim no, ntau tshaj 100 qhov sib xyaw uas tsis yog-volatile tau raug cais tawm ntawm Cistancheplants. Kev faib tawm ntawm ntau hom kev sib txuas hauv Cistanche cov nroj tsuag tau teev nyob rau hauv Table 2. Hauv xyoo 1995, Moriya [27,28] tau tshaj tawm tias cov khoom siv cog ntawm C. salsa tau raug txheeb xyuas tsis raug ua ntej thaum nws tshawb xyuas cov peev txheej ntawm Herba.Cistancheslos ntawm Nyiv kev lag luam kho mob, yog li cov tshuaj lom neeg sib cais los ntawm C. salsa hauv 80s tau raug xa mus rau C. deserticola hauv qhov kev tshuaj xyuas no.

4.2.1 Acteoside

Hauv txoj kev tshawb no, peb tau tshawb xyuas qhov tshwm sim ntawmacteosiderho tawm los ntawmCistanchetubulosa (Schrenk) R. Wight ntawm basophilic cell-mediated allergic reaction.Cov nyhuv ntawm acteoside ntawm -hexosaminidase tso tawm thiab intracellular [Ca2 ntxiv]i qib los ntawm ratbasophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) hlwb raug txiav txim. Tsis tas li, ELISA tau siv los txiav txim siab qib ntawm histamine, qog necrosis factor (TNF)- , thiab interleukin (IL)-4 ntawm humanbasophilic (KU812) hlwb. Cov nyhuv ntawmacteosidentawm basophilic cell viability tau txiav txim siab siv {{0}}[4,5-dimethylthiazolyl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.Cov txiaj ntsig no qhia tau tias {{ 8}}.1–10.0 µg/mL acteoside inhibits qhov tso tawm ntawm -hexosaminidaseand [Ca2 ntxiv]i nkag los ntawm IgE-mediated RBL-2H3 hlwb. Tsis tas li, acteoside inhibited histaminerelease, TNF- , thiab IL -4 ntau lawm nyob rau hauv ib koob tshuaj raws li calcium ionophoreA23187 ntxiv rau phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) los yog compound 48/{{21. }} txhawb nqa KU812 cells. Peb qhov kev tshawb pom muab pov thawj tias acteoside inhibits basophilic cell-derivedimmediate-type thiab layed-type allergic reactions. Nov yog thawj daim ntawv tshaj tawm piav qhia txog kev tiv thaiv kev ua xua ntawm acteoside muab rho tawm los ntawmCistanchetubulosa ntawm basophilic hlwb.

Cistancheyog anti-agingcistanche muag

4.2.2 Echinacoside

Dhau li ntawm kev soj ntsuam zoo, kuj tseem muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog kev txheeb xyuas ntau ntawm Herba Cistanches, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntawm ob qho tseem ceeb PhGs,echinacoside cov tshuaj(11) thiab acteoside (2). Hauv xyoo 2000, Zhang tsim qauv zoo rau C. deserticola, suav nrog cov ntsiab lus txiav txim siab ntawmacteoside(2) los ntawm HPLC, ua ke nrog kev txheeb xyuas qhov zoo ntawm tsib yam khoom los ntawm TLC [65].In 2003, ib txoj kev Rp-HPLC rau kev tshawb nrhiav echinacoside (11) thiab acteoside (2) hauv HerbaCistanchescultivated nyob rau hauv txawv hosts nroj tsuag thiab tej vaj tse tau tsim. Tus sau tau siv ob theem sib txawv ntawm lub xov tooj rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm echinacoside (11) thiab acteoside (2), piv txwv li acetonitrile-water-glacial aceticacid (13:86}: 1) rau echinacoside thiab methanol-water-glacial aceticacid (32. :67:1) rau acteoside. Qhov kev tshwm sim ua ntej tau pom tias cov ntsiab lus ntawmechinacoside cov tshuajthiab acteoside tau pom tseeb cuam tshuam los ntawm cov tswv cuab sib txawv, thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm ob lub tebchaw no hauv C. tubulosa tuav hauv cultivated Tamalrix L. yog qhov siab tshaj [76].

Txij li thaum cov tsiaj qus Cistanche nyob rau ntawm ntug kev tuag, kev cog qoob loo ntawm C. deserticola thiab C. tubulosa tau ua tiav hauv Xinjiang thiab Inner Mongolia, Suav. Txhawm rau muab qee qhov kev qhia theoretical rau kev cog qoob loo, cov qauv cog qoob loo sib txawv tau raug tshuaj xyuas. Cao txiav txim siab cov ntsiab lus ntawm PhGs nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab lub caij nplooj zeegFig. 2. Cov qauv ntawm benzenoid glycosides los ntawmCistanchespecies.with LC-MS, txhawm rau sib piv C. deserticola cov qauv sau cov caij tsis sib xws. Plaub PhGs, piv txwv li echinacoside (11),acteoside(2), cistanoside A (3), thiab 2 -acetylacteoside (1) raug xaiv los ua cov cim, thiab lawv cov ntsiab lus tag nrho tau pom tias siab dua nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg [79]. Wang tau ua ib qho kev tshawb fawb txog cov tshuaj lom neeg sib txawv ntawm cov sij hawm loj hlob sib txawv thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm cov cultivated C. tubulosa, siv cov ntiv tes thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawmechinacoside cov tshuaj(11) raws li qhov ntsuas. Nws pom tias cov tshuaj faib tawm ntawm PhGs zoo ib yam ntawm cov qauv sib txawv, tab sis qhov ntau ntawm txhua tus PhG, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntawm echinacoside (11), yog qhov sib txawv ntawm ntau cov qauv. Tom qab kev sib piv, nws xaus lus tias lub sij hawm cultivation ntawm C. tubulosa yuav tsum tshaj peb xyoos, thiab nws lub sij hawm sau yuav tsum tau tswj nruj me ntsis ua ntej flowering. Hauv daim ntawv no, qhov zoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag cog tau pom tias tsis zoo dua li cov tsiaj qus, yog li tus kws sau ntawv tau hais tias kev cog qoob loo yuav tsum tau txhawb nqa los txhim kho cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov active compounds [80]. Yang tau kawm txog cov khoom qhuav qhuav thiabechinacoside cov tshuaj(11) cov ntsiab lus ntawm C. tubulosa hauv Huabei tiaj. Qhov tshwm sim tau pom tias cov khoom qhuav qhuav ntawm C. tubulosa yog nyob rau hauv "S"-puab variant, thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm echinacoside (11) yog qhov siab tshaj plaws thaum C.tubulosa loj hlob rau 5 lub hlis [81].

echinacoside cov tshuaj: qhov twg yuavcistanche

4.2.3 Flavonoids

Peb txoj kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias cov inflorescence ntawm C. deserticola tsis tsuas yog muaj cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb PhGs tab sis kuj muaj coob tus.flavonoids. Hauv particular, cov ntsiab lus txheeb ze ntawm flavonoids yog siab dua li cov succulent stems. Flavonoids, vim lawv cov tshuaj tua kab mob antioxidant, tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav, tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tiv thaiv mutagenic, thiab lawv lub peev xwm los tswj kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov enzymes tseem ceeb ntawm tes, tam sim no suav tias yog cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv ntau yam khoom noj, tshuaj, tshuaj, thiab tshuaj pleev ib ce. applications.32 Flavonols yog ib chav kawm ntawm flavonoids nrog ib tug 3-hydroxyflavonoidskeleton (IUPAC lub npe: 3-hydroxy-2-phenylchromium-4-ib qho). Lawv muaj ntau haiv neeg stems los ntawm cov hauj lwm sib txawv ntawm phenol-OH pawg.33 Lub tautomerism ntawm flavonols ua rau ob chav fluorescence (vim kev zoo siab-lub xeev intramolecular proton hloov lwm lub tsev los yog ESIPT), uas yuav txhawb UV tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag.34 Yog li ntawd, peb pom zoo kom rov siv cov tshuaj. inflorescences ntawm C. deserticola nplua nuj nyob rau hauv flavonoids es tsis muab pov tseg.

flavonoidskaempferol

Interestingly, peb pom tias feem ntau ntawm cov metabolites sib txawv txuam nrog saline-alkali kev nyuaj siab nyob rau hauv peb ecotypes ntawm C. deserticola kuj.flavonoids. Peb cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los16 tau pom tias cov ntsiab lus txheeb ze ntawm phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs) nyob rau hauv cov succulent stems ntawm C. deserticola (saline-alkali av) yog siab dua lwm yam ecotypes. Salinity tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntau yam tsis zoo hauv cov nroj tsuag, thiab ib qho ntawm nws qhov tshwm sim tsis tuaj yeem yog kev tsim cov pa oxygen ntau dhau (ROS). Fini et al. ntseeg tias flavonoids yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm theem nrab ROS scavenging system.35 Xu-mei Jia li al. speculated tias sucrose signaling tswj ROS homeostasis los ntawm inducing phenylpropane biosynthesis txoj kev thiabflavonoidsynthesis.36 Wang et al. ntseeg tias vim hais tias flavonoids tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov teeb meem kev ntxhov siab (xws li cov dawb radicals, singlet oxygen molecules, thiab peroxides), lawv tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua siab ntev ntawm cov nroj tsuag rau abiotic thiab biotic stresses.37 Zhang li al. siv transcriptome tsom xam los qhia cov lus teb molecular ntawm Cynanchum auriculatum nplooj rau ntsev kev nyuaj siab. Lawv pom tias txoj kev biosynthetic ntawmflavonoidsthiab phenylpropanoids tau qhib. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, trans-cinnamic acid 4-monooxygenase (C4H) thiab chalcone isomers ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau kev sib txuas ntawm flavonoids, uas lawv cov qib qhia ntawm lawv tau tswj hwm. Cov txiaj ntsig no tau qhia tias ntau cov flavonoids tau tsim, uas tuaj yeem ua rau tag nrho cov antioxidant muaj peev xwm teb rau cov dej ntsev ntawm C. auriculatum. Ib yam li ntawd, Walia et al. tau tshaj tawm tias ntau cov noob nyob rau hauv txoj kev flavonoid biosynthesis tau nce-tswj nyob rau hauv ntsev kev nyuaj siab, uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv ntsev kev nyuaj siab.38 Hauv qhov xaus, peb ntseeg hais tias saline-alkali kev nyuaj siab txhawb cov tsub zuj zuj ntawm.flavonoidsNyob rau hauv ob qho tib si succulent stems thiab inflorescences ntawm C. deserticola. Peb ntseeg hais tias cov av saline yog hom av zoo tshaj plaws rau C. deserticola cultivation.

Qhov no yog peb cov khoom. Thov nias daim duab thiab tau txais cov ntsiab lus ntxiv.