Txoj Kev Kawm Stereological Ntawm Lub Raum Thiab Adrenal Glandular Structure Ntawm Liab-legged Partridge (Alectoris Chukar)

Keeb kwm

Partridge yog hom noog loj uas tsis ntev los no tau nce qhov tseem ceeb los ua lwm yam khoom noj thiab tsiaj qus hauv kev yos hav zoov ncig xyuas. Ntawm no, peb tsom mus kuaj cov qauv histological thiab stereological zog ntawm lub raum thiab cov qog adrenal ntawm cov liab-legged partridge.

Cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem

Xya tus neeg laus noj qab nyob zoo liab-legged partridges (Alectoris chukar) ntawm ob tug poj niam los txiv neej tau siv rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no. Cov Alectoris chukars tau perfused nrog cov txheej txheem intracardiac thiab tau khaws cia hauv 10 feem pua ​​​​ formaldehyde rau 72 teev rau kev kho kom zoo. Cov ntaub so ntswg tau muab tso rau hauv paraffin tom qab cov txheej txheem teeb pom kev zoo niaj hnub. Tom qab ntawd, 5-µm cov ntu tuab tau muab coj los ua, uas tau stained nrog hematoxylin thiab eosin, thaij duab, thiab tshuaj xyuas hauv lub teeb pom kev zoo. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus hloov kho Cavalieri tau siv rau kev suav ntim raws li kev soj ntsuam stereological. Tag nrho cov ntaub so ntswg ntim piv tau suav nrog kev pab los ntawm cov phiaj xwm phiaj xwm muab los ntawm Shtereom 1.5 cov txheej txheem ntim khoom. Mann Whitney U xeem tau siv rau kev sib piv ntawm pab pawg. Cov theem tseem ceeb tau teeb tsa ntawm 5 feem pua ​​​​SPSS (ver: 13) statistical software tau siv rau txhua qhov kev ntsuas ntsuas.

Cov txiaj ntsig

Lub raum histological qauv tau pom zoo li cov ntawm lwm hom noog thiab muaj ib hom sib xyaw (niam txiv, tsiaj reptilian) glomerular qauv. Nws kuj tau pom tias adrenal histology tsis yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov txheej txheem sib cais tab sis muaj cov pab pawg ntawm tes nrog cov khoom sib txawv. Stereological lub raum qhov ntim qhov ntsuas tau qhia pom zoo sib xws ntawm txoj cai thiab sab laug raum loj (p > {{0}}}.05). Hauv kev ntsuas qhov ntim ntawm lub qog adrenal, sab xis thiab sab laug ntawm cov qog adrenal kuj tau txheeb xyuas zoo sib xws (p> 0.05).

Cov lus xaus

Cov ntaub ntawv tau txais hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no tau xav tias yuav ua rau muaj kev nkag siab ntawm stereological, morphological, thiab histological qauv ntawm liab-legged partridge (Alectoris chukar) raum thiab qog adrenal. (Folia Morphol 2021; 80:1:210–214)

Nyem qhov no kom tau txaiscov txiaj ntsig ntawm Cistanche 

Ntsiab lus

qog adrenal; raum; txiv qaub; stereology;cov teebmeem ntawm Cistanche.

Taw qhia

Lub partridge yog lub npe nrov rau teej tug mus rau Alectoris thiab Perdix hom ntawm Phasianidae tsev neeg [4]. Lub partridge yog ib hom noog loj uas tsis ntev los no tau nce qhov tseem ceeb los ua lwm yam khoom noj thiab tsiaj qus hauv kev yos hav zoov.

Lub raum yog nyob rau ntawm ob sab ntawm lub plab aorta thiab inferior vena cava nyob rau hauv lub dorsal ib feem ntawm lub plab kab noj hniav, thiab cov qog adrenal nyob rau ntawm lub cranial ncej ntawm ob lub raum [16]. Lub raum ntawm hom noog muaj cov qauv nruab nrab ntawm cov tsiaj txhu thiab cov tsiaj reptilians. Cov noog tsis muaj lub raum plab, zais zis, lossis urethra [14]. Histologically, lawv ob lub raum muaj ib tug multilobulated qauv thiab cais cortex thiab medulla uas yog sib cais los ntawm ib tug zoo connective ntaub so ntswg. Lawv muaj ob hom nephron cov qauv. Thawj tus yog tsim los ntawm hom tsiaj los yog medullary thiab yog tsim los ntawm lub raum corpuscle, ib tug proximal convoluted tubule, ib tug distal convoluted tubule, ib tug sau tubule, thiab nyias thiab tuab ntu ntawm Henle lub voj. Hom thib ob yog hom tsiaj reptilian kuj hu ua hom cortical, uas muaj lub raum me me tab sis tsis muaj Henle lub voj; Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ib qho luv luv ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm cov tubules thiab cov tube distal convoluted, uas yog lub npe hu ua intermediate tubule [13]. Adrenal glands yog cov qauv anatomical uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev pabcuam rau txhua hom kev ntxhov siab thiab, los ntawm cov tshuaj hormones lawv tsim, lawv pab txhawb rau ntau cov txheej txheem metabolic. Hauv hom noog, cov duab ntawm cov qog adrenal yog qhov sib txawv heev, nrog rau cov hom sib txawv thiab txawm tias muaj kev sib txawv ntawm tus kheej. Kev sim tshem tawm cov qog adrenal ua rau cov noog tuag [16]. Nws tau pom nyob rau hauv kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hais tias muaj kev tshawb fawb anatomic ntawm liab-legged partridge, tab sis tsis tshwj xeeb ntawm nws lub raum thiab cov qog adrenal. Nws tsom mus ua cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws histological thiab stereological kev tshawb fawb ntawm liab-legged partridge lub raum thiab adrenal glandular qauv hauv txoj kev tshawb no.

Cistanche ntxiv

Cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem

Xya tus neeg laus noj qab nyob zoo liab-legged partridges (Alectoris chukar) ntawm ob tug poj niam los txiv neej tau siv rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no. Cov tsiaj tau txais los ntawm Van Yuzuncu Yil University Wildlife Protection Center. Nws tau pom zoo los ntawm Van Yuzuncu Yil University Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees Hauv Zos (27/06/2019/06) thiab ua raws li cov txheej txheem kawm. Cov partridges tau tshuaj loog nrog 10 mg / / kg Xylazine HCL (Rompun 2 feem pua, 50 mL, Bayer) thiab nrog 40 mg / kg im Ketamine HCL (Ketalar 50 mg / mL, 10 mL vial, Pfizer). Cov tsiaj tau perfused nrog txoj kev intracardiac thiab cov ntaub so ntswg dissected tau khaws cia hauv 10 feem pua ​​formaldehyde rau 72 h rau kev kho kom zoo [18]. Cov ntaub so ntswg tau muab tso rau hauv paraffin tom qab ua tiav cov txheej txheem histological lub teeb microscopy. Tom qab ntawd, 5-µm tuab seem tau txais. Thawj ntu raug xaiv xaiv thiab tom qab ntawd ntu 40 raug coj mus. Cov seem tau stained nrog hematoxylin thiab eosin, yees duab, thiab tshuaj xyuas hauv lub teeb pom kev zoo.

Stereological tsom xam

Stereology, random thiab systematic sampling yog siv kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv tsis ncaj ncees thiab muaj nuj nqis. Ntawm cov stereological analyses, qhov hloov kho Cavalieri txoj cai tau siv rau kev suav ntim. Tom qab ntawd, tag nrho cov ntaub so ntswg ntim piv tau suav nrog siv cov kab sib txuas uas tau muab los ntawm Shtereom 1.5 cov txheej txheem ntim khoom (Daim duab 1). Kev suav ntim tau ua tiav siv cov qauv hauv qab no: V(obj)=t × a/p × ∑P. V (obj) yog qhov ntim ntawm lub hom phiaj, t yog ntu tuab, a / p sawv cev rau thaj tsam ntawm txhua lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov taw tes suav kab sib chaws thiab Sp yog tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntaus lub raum thiab adrenal [9, 10] . Cov coefficient ntawm kev ua yuam kev (CE) thiab coefficient ntawm kev hloov pauv (CV) tau siv los txiav txim siab qhov zoo tshaj plaws qauv loj hauv txhua pab pawg hauv tus qauv stereological mus kom ze [8]. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm CE thiab CV hauv peb txoj kev tshawb fawb yog los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv cov ntaub ntawv.

Kev txheeb cais

Cov ntaub ntawv txheeb cais suav nrog qhov nruab nrab, qhov nruab nrab, tus qauv sib txawv, qhov tsawg kawg nkaus thiab siab kawg. Inter-pab pawg sib txawv tau txheeb xyuas nrog kev xeem Mann-Whitney U. Cov theem tseem ceeb tau teeb tsa ntawm 5 feem pua. Txhua qhov kev txheeb xyuas txheeb cais tau ua nrog SPSS (ver.13) cov txheej txheem software pob.

Cov txiaj ntsig

Kev soj ntsuam stereological tau qhia tias ob lub raum sab laug thiab sab xis muaj qhov sib xws. Kev ntsuas qhov ntim ntawm lub raum pom pom lub raum sab xis ntawm 2.28 mm3 thiab lub raum sab laug ntawm 3.02 mm3. Kev sib piv ntawm ob lub raum ntim tau qhia me ntsis tab sis qhov txheeb cais tsis tseem ceeb ntawm ob lub raum (p > 0.05) (Table 1). Kev kuaj xyuas microscopic ntawm cov kab mob histological pom tau tias lub raum tau tsim los ntawm lobules, txhua qhov yog tsim los ntawm cortical thiab medullary qhov chaw thiab encapsulated los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg uas muaj cov hlab ntsha. Lub raum qauv yog tsim los ntawm 60 feem pua ​​​​cortex thiab 40 feem pua ​​​​ntawm medulla ntawm sab xis thiab 80 feem pua ​​​​cortex thiab 20 feem pua ​​​​ntawm medulla ntawm lub raum sab laug. Cov nephrons muaj ob hom nephrons cov tsiaj reptile thiab mammalian nephrons (Fig. 2). Tus naj npawb ntawm cov tsiaj reptilian nephrons loj dua cov tsiaj nyeg nephrons. Ob hom nephron kuj muaj kev faib tawm sib txawv kom lawv muaj ntau ntau hauv lub cortex tab sis tsuas muaj cov qauv tubal hauv medulla. Hom nephrons nyob rau hauv qhov tob cortex, nyob ze rau lub medullary cone, whereas cov tsiaj reptilian nephrons nyob rau hauv lub peripheral thiab nruab nrab ntawm lub cortex, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv ib tug horseshoe zoo ib ncig ntawm lub hauv paus hlab ntsha (Fig. 3).

Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov qog adrenal tau pom tias cov qog adrenal sab laug thiab sab xis muaj qee qhov sib txawv ntawm cov duab tab sis tsis loj, thiab kev ntsuas qhov ntim ntawm lub qog tau qhia tias qhov ntim ntawm ob lub qog adrenal yog {{0}}.02 mm3. (p > 0.05) (Table 1). Kev tshuaj xyuas histological dav dav pom tau tias cov qog adrenal tsis muaj peb txheej sib txawv tab sis tsuas yog kev sib txawv ntawm tes (tsaus, lub teeb-xim; muaj cov qauv sib txawv); cov qog tau encapsulated los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg uas muaj cov hlab ntsha capsule cais lawv ntawm ob lub raum. Lub qog adrenal muaj cov hlab ntsha cais (daim duab 4).

Kev sib tham

Nws tau pom tias lub raum qauv ntawm liab-legged partridge zoo ib yam li lwm hom noog hauv txoj kev tshawb no. Liab-legged partridge muaj ob lub raum encapsulated los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg uas muaj cov hlab ntsha hauv cov hlab ntsha thiab muaj ntau lub lobules uas muaj cov cortical thiab medullar. Kev ntsuas qhov ntim stereological tau pom tias qhov loj ntawm lub raum sab xis thiab sab laug zoo sib xws. Cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los ntawm sab xis thiab sab laug lub raum loj ntawm hom noog tau nthuav tawm cov txiaj ntsig sib txawv. Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb tau tshaj tawm tias tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm lub raum sab xis thiab sab laug [6] thaum lwm txoj kev tshawb fawb qhia qhov txawv ntawm sab laug thiab sab xis rau lub raum [17]. Ib yam li ntawd, kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam cov cortical thiab medullary ntim ntawm hom noog tau tshaj tawm cov txiaj ntsig sib txawv. Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb tau tshaj tawm tias 90 feem pua ​​​​ntawm tag nrho cov ntim ntawm lub raum yog tsim los ntawm cortex thiab 2 feem pua ​​​​ntawm medulla [3]; Lwm tus tau tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv sib xws ntawm 77 feem pua ​​​​thiab 10 feem pua ​​​​, feem [19]. Nws tau pom tias qhov sib piv cortical zoo ib yam li cov ntaub ntawv cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis qhov sib piv ntawm medullary yog me ntsis siab dua hauv txoj kev tshawb no. Casotti thiab Braun [5] tau tshaj tawm tias lub raum ntim tau sib txawv los ntawm qhov chaw nyob ntawm hom noog. Cov ntaub ntawv cov ntaub ntawv qhia tias tus noog lub raum zoo li, qhov loj, thiab cov qauv hloov los ntawm nws cov khoom noj, phylogeny, thiab ib puag ncig yam [17]. Tag nrho cov tsiaj nyob hauv tib cheeb tsam thiab kev nyab xeeb (qhov kub siab tshaj 30-33 degree). Lub hauv paus raum qauv yog tsim los ntawm nephrons. Cov noog lub raum txawv ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg vim tias nws muaj ob hom nephrons zoo li tsiaj txhu thiab tsiaj reptilian nephrons [2, 12]. Ib yam li ntawd, hauv peb txoj kev tshawb fawb, ob hom nephrons tau pom. Cov kev tshawb fawb ua ntej tau pom tias ntau ntau cov tsiaj reptile nephrons nyob rau hauv lub periphery ntawm lub lobule, lub raum me me corpuscle, thiab tsis muaj lub voj ntawm Henle. Nws tau raug tshaj tawm tias cov tsiaj nyeg nephrons loj dua thiab muaj lub raum ua haujlwm ntau dua thiab nyob sib sib zog nqus hauv lub cortex nyob ze ntawm lub medulla; Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv muaj lub voj voog ntawm Henle thiab tsawg dua hauv tus lej [1]. Ntawm no, nws tau pom muaj tus lej zoo sib xws thiab kev faib tawm ntawm nephrons. Cov nephrons yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev pom, reabsorption, thiab tso zis, yog li tsim cov zis. Cov noog lub nephrons yog tsim los ntawm ib tug glomerulus, ib tug proximal tubule, ib tug distal tubule, thiab sau ducts [14]. Txoj kev tshawb no kuj tau qhia cov txiaj ntsig zoo sib xws.

Txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no tau pom tias cov qog adrenal tau nyob ntawm tus ncej cranial ntawm ob lub raum thiab nruab nrab rau lawv, xws li Nickel li al. [15] tau tshaj tawm. Nws tau pom tias adrenal histology tsis yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov txheej txheem sib cais tab sis tsim los ntawm cov pab pawg ntawm tes nrog cov khoom sib txawv (muaj xim tsaus lossis lub teeb xim thiab sib txawv nuclear qauv). Nws kuj tau pom tias cov qog adrenal sab xis thiab sab laug muaj cov duab sib txawv thiab kuj tseem muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm tus kheej. Lub qog adrenal tau cais tawm ntawm lub raum cov ntaub so ntswg nrog cov ntaub so ntswg sib txuas thiab muaj cov hlab ntsha cais. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm txoj kev tshawb no yog los ntawm kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los ntawm hom noog [16]. Ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov qog adrenal loj, Humayun li al. [11] thiab Wells thiab Wight [20] tau tshaj tawm tias sab laug adrenal caj pas loj dua li txoj cai nyob rau hauv qaib ntawm ob tug poj niam txiv neej whereas Ozudogru li al. [16] nrog rau Elbajory [7] tau tshaj tawm tias txoj cai qog adrenal loj dua li sab laug. Qhov hnyav, ntev, dav, thiab tuab ntawm cov qog adrenal sib txawv los ntawm ntau yam, xws li hom, hom, hnub nyoog, kev noj qab haus huv, thiab ib puag ncig [11]. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no, nws tau pom tias tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm stereologically xam cov ntim ntawm sab xis thiab sab laug qog adrenal.

Cistanche ntsiav tshuaj

Cov lus xaus

Cov ntaub ntawv tau txais hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no tau xav tias yuav ua rau muaj kev nkag siab ntawm stereological, morphological, thiab histological qauv ntawm liab-legged partridge (Alectoris chukar) raum thiab qog adrenal. Peb xav tias nws yuav yog ib qho kev qhia rau kev tshawb fawb txog liab-legged partridge (Alectoris chukar).

Cistanche extract yuav pab txhim kho raum kab mob li cas?

Cistanche extract yog ib qho tshuaj ntsuab ntxiv uas tau siv ib txwm siv hauv Suav tshuaj rau ntau pua xyoo los txhim kho kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev noj qab haus huv. Tsis ntev los no, cov kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb tau pom tias Cistanche extract kuj tseem tuaj yeem pab txhim kho cov kab mob raum.

Kab mob raum yog ib qho mob hnyav uas cuam tshuam txog li 10 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov neeg hauv ntiaj teb. Lub raum yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub luag haujlwm los lim cov khoom pov tseg tawm ntawm cov ntshav thiab tswj cov kua dej sib npaug, electrolytes, thiab acid-base tshuav nyiaj li cas. Thaum lub raum raug puas los yog ua haujlwm tsis zoo, nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntau yam teeb meem xws li ntshav siab, ntshav ntshav, kab mob pob txha, thiab txawm tias mob plawv.

Kev tshawb fawb qhia tias Cistanche extract tuaj yeem muab ntau yam txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov tib neeg muaj kab mob raum. Ib txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb uas Cistanche extract tuaj yeem pab txhim kho kab mob hauv lub raum yog los ntawm kev txo qhov mob. Cov kab mob raum ntev (CKD) feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm qhov mob tsis tu ncua hauv ob lub raum, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj ntxiv rau lub sijhawm. Cistanche extract tau pom tias muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas tuaj yeem pab txo qhov mob hauv lub raum thiab txhim kho lawv txoj haujlwm tag nrho.

Lwm txoj hauv kev uas Cistanche extract tuaj yeem pab txhim kho kab mob hauv lub raum yog los ntawm kev txo qis oxidative kev nyuaj siab. Oxidative stress tshwm sim thaum muaj ntau tshaj ntawm cov pa oxygen reactive (ROS) nyob rau hauv lub cev, ua rau cellular puas thiab tsis ua hauj lwm. Kev tshawb fawb qhia tias Cistanche extract yuav txo tau oxidative kev nyuaj siab nyob rau hauv lub raum los ntawm kev ua kom muaj zog antioxidant, pab tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj ntxiv thiab txhawb kev kho.

Cistanche extract tseem tuaj yeem pab txhim kho kab mob raum los ntawm kev txhawb nqa lub raum cell rov tsim dua tshiab. Lub raum hlwb muaj lub luag haujlwm los tswj lub raum kom noj qab haus huv thiab kho txhua yam kev puas tsuaj tshwm sim. Cistanche extract tau pom tias muaj cov khoom siv bioactive uas tuaj yeem ua rau kom loj hlob ntawm lub raum hlwb, txhawb kev kho tus kheej thiab kho lub raum tag nrho.

Cistanche hmoov

Thaum kawg, Cistanche extract kuj tseem yuav ua tau zoo los tiv thaiv lossis txo qhov kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob hauv lub raum los ntawm kev txhawb nqa vasodilation thiab txhim kho cov ntshav ntws mus rau ob lub raum. Cov ntshav txaus no tuaj yeem ua rau lub raum nrog cov pa oxygen thiab cov as-ham uas lawv xav tau los ua haujlwm kom raug thiab kho txhua yam kev puas tsuaj.

Zuag qhia tag nrho, Cistanche extract yog ib qho kev cog lus zoo rau cov tib neeg tab tom nrhiav kev txhim kho lawv lub raum noj qab haus huv. Nws muaj peev xwm txo tau qhov mob, txhim kho kev ua haujlwm antioxidant, txhawb kev kho tus kheej, thiab ua kom ntshav txaus tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv lossis ua kom qeeb ntawm cov kab mob raum thiab txhim kho lub raum tag nrho. Txawm li cas los xij, zoo li txhua yam tshuaj ntsuab, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau sab laj nrog tus kws kho mob ua ntej muab Cistanche extract rau hauv koj lub sijhawm los xyuas kom meej tias nws muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab haum rau koj tus kheej xav tau.

Cov ntaub ntawv

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N. Colcimen 1, G. Cakmak 2

1. Department of Histology thiab Embryology, Kws Qhia Ntawv ntawm Tshuaj, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Qaib ntxhw.

2. Department of Anatomy, Kws Qhia Ntawv ntawm Veterinary Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Qaib ntxhw.