Lub Luag Haujlwm Ntawm Kev Pw Tsaug Zog Thiab Wakefulness Hauv Kev Paub Txog Cov Duab Zoo Nkauj Part 2
Sep 08, 2023
3|TSEEM CEEB
3.1|Demographic variables
Tsis muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv cov pej xeem lossis kev puas siab puas ntsws sib txawv ntawm ob pawg (Table 1).
3.2|Valence thiab arousal ratings
The analysis of the Valence ratings (Figure 2a) showed only a significant Type main effect (F1,38 = 298.34, p < 0.001, η2 p = 0.89; BF10 = ∞), with higher Valence ratings for neutral than negative pictures. We also observed a significant Type Session interaction (F1,38 = 4.01,p = 0.009, η2 p = 0.096; BF10 = 0.014), with Valence for Negative items increasing from the Encoding to T2 (pholm = 0.003; Cohen's d = 0.347; BF10 = 108.96) and trending for T3 (pholm = 0.065; Cohen's d = 0.295; BF10 = 6.078), but not from Encoding to T1 (pholm = 0.912; Cohen's d = 0.134; BF10 = 0.631), and from T1 to T2 and T3 (both phone>{0}}.372; Cohen's d < 0.161; BF10 < 1.382). Tsis muaj kev hloov pauv tau pom nyob rau hauv nruab nrab stimuli (tag nrho p> 0.999). Tag nrho lwm cov teebmeem thiab kev sib cuam tshuam tsis tseem ceeb (tag nrho p> 0.084).
Hmoov zoo, kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no qhia tau hais tias qhov valence ntawm cov khoom tsis zoo tsis tas yuav cuam tshuam rau tib neeg lub cim xeeb.
Kev nco yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm tib neeg kev txawj ntse, thiab nws qhov zoo yog cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau seb peb puas tuaj yeem kawm, ua haujlwm, thiab ua neej nyob zoo. Hauv kev kawm txhua hnub thiab kev ua haujlwm, peb feem ntau yuav tsum nco ntsoov ntau yam ntaub ntawv, thiab cov ntaub ntawv no feem ntau muaj cov ntsiab lus zoo thiab tsis zoo. Yog li ntawd, tib neeg pib txhawj xeeb tias cov ntaub ntawv tsis zoo yuav ua rau lawv nco.
Txawm li cas los xij, raws li qee qhov kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no, qhov valence ntawm cov khoom tsis zoo tsis tas yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam rau tib neeg lub cim xeeb. Raws li kev sim los ntawm American psychologists, tib neeg lub cim xeeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis zoo tsis muaj zog dua li cov ntaub ntawv zoo, thiab qee zaum, cov ntaub ntawv tsis zoo kuj tseem yuav tsis nco qab sai. Piv txwv li, cov ntaub ntawv tsis zoo yog feem ntau tsis nco qab sai thaum tib neeg yuav tsum ua haujlwm cuam tshuam. Qhov no yog vim tib neeg lub cim xeeb cuam tshuam los ntawm kev xav thiab kev xav. Thaum tib neeg tsom mus ua kom tiav ib txoj hauj lwm, lawv cov kev xav yuav raug tsom ntau dua rau cov ntaub ntawv ntsig txog txoj haujlwm, thiab cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis cuam tshuam lossis tsis cuam tshuam rau txoj haujlwm. Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb yuav raug txo kom tsawg.
Yog li ntawd, peb tsis tas yuav txhawj txog cov ntaub ntawv tsis zoo ua rau peb nco. Hloov chaw, peb tuaj yeem sim ua qhov zoo ntxiv txog cov ntaub ntawv tsis zoo hauv peb lub neej, vim tias qhov no tsis yog qhov zoo rau peb lub hlwb xwb, tab sis nws tseem tuaj yeem pab peb daws teeb meem thiab ua tiav zoo dua. Nws pom tau tias peb yuav tsum txhim kho peb lub cim xeeb. Cistanche deserticola tuaj yeem txhim kho kev nco zoo vim Cistanche deserticola yog cov khoom siv tshuaj suav tshuaj suav nrog ntau yam tshwj xeeb, ib qho ntawm kev txhim kho kev nco. Kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov nqaij minced yog los ntawm ntau yam khoom xyaw uas nws muaj, suav nrog carboxylic acid, polysaccharides, flavonoids, thiab lwm yam. Cov khoom xyaw no tuaj yeem txhawb lub hlwb kev noj qab haus huv los ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev.
Nyem paub cov tshuaj ntxiv los txhawb kev nco
Cov txiaj ntsig zoo sib xws tau pom zoo rau qhov kev ntsuam xyuas Arousal (Daim duab 2b), nrog rau cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb (F1,38=104.70, p < 0.001, η2 p {{7 }}.734; BF10=2.002e15), nrog rau kev ntsuas siab dua rau qhov tsis zoo dua li cov duab nruab nrab. Tag nrho lwm cov teebmeem thiab kev sib cuam tshuam tsis tseem ceeb (tag nrho p> 0.130).
3.3|D-prime
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm omnibus ANOVA tshuaj xyuas d-prime thoob plaws cov kev sib tham hauv ob qhov pom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo (F1,38=19.13, p < 0.001 , η2 p=0.34; BF10=170.026; Daim duab 3b), nrog rau kev nco zoo dua rau cov khoom tsis zoo. Peb kuj tau soj ntsuam qhov kev xav tau ntawm Kev Sib Tham (F1, 76=47.31, p < 0.001, η2 p=0.56; BF10=9.621e15), nrog rau kev txo qis hauv d-prime los ntawm T1 txog T2 (pholm < 0.001; Cohen's d=0.939; BF10=6.345e6 ) thiab los ntawm T2 rau T3 (pholm=0.006; Cohen's d=0} .365; BF10=9.772). Txawm hais tias Pab Pawg cov txiaj ntsig tsis tseem ceeb (F1,38=1.77, p=0.285, η2 p=0.03; BF10=0.405), peb pom ib qho kev sib piv rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Pawg Sib Tham Sib Tham (F1, 76=2.726, p=0.072, η2 p=0.07; BF10=1.008; Daim duab 3a).
Kev soj ntsuam tom qab hoc kev sib piv ntawm qhov kev sib cuam tshuam no tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm T1 (tsis raug kho=0.882, pholm > 0.999; Cohen's d=0.0 25; BF10=0.312) and T3 (uncorrected=0.701, pholm> 0.999; Cohen's d=0.105; BF10=0. 328), thiab siab dua d-prime nyob rau hauv SF ntawm T2 (uncorrected=0.024; Cohen's d=0.587; BF10=1.177). Cov txiaj ntsig tom kawg tau dhau los ua qhov tsis tseem ceeb thaum kho rau ntau qhov sib piv (16 qhov sib piv, teeb meem=0.119). Tag nrho lwm qhov kev sib piv lossis kev sib cuam tshuam tsis tseem ceeb (tag nrho p> 0.487).
ANOVA ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv d-prime los ntawm T1 rau T2 pom muaj txiaj ntsig Pab Pawg tseem ceeb (F1,38=4.46, p=0.041, η2 p=0.11; BF{{ 11}}.666; Daim duab 3c), nrog siab dua d-prime rau SF. Ob hom nyhuv (F1, 38=2.40, p=0.130, η2 p=0.06; BF10=0.657) thiab kev sib cuam tshuam Hom Pab Pawg (F1 ,38=1.09, p=0.302, η2 p=0.03; BF10=0.463) tsis tseem ceeb.
ANOVA ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv d-prime los ntawm T2 rau T3 tau pom dua qhov txiaj ntsig Pab Pawg tseem ceeb (F1,38=4.33, p=0.044, η2 p=0 .10; BF10=1.249; Daim duab 3d), tab sis lub sijhawm no qhov kev hloov pauv tau siab dua rau WF. Ntxiv dua thiab, ob qho tib si Hom nyhuv (F1,{15}}.14, p=0.715, η2 p < 0.01; BF10=0.246) thiab kev sib cuam tshuam Hom Pab Pawg (F1, {{ 25}}.20, p=0.662, η2 p=0.01; BF10=0.323) tsis tseem ceeb.
3.4|Ntaus tus nqi
Lub omnibus ANOVA ntawm HR tau pom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo (F1,38=10.79, p=0.{14}}02, η2 p=0.22; BF10=26.743; Daim duab 4b), nrog rau kev nco zoo dua rau cov khoom tsis zoo. Peb kuj tau pom qhov cuam tshuam Session (F1,{12}}.89, p < 0.001, η2 p=0.52; BF10=8.043e15 ), nrog kev txo qis hauv d-prime los ntawm T1 txog T2 thiab los ntawm T2 rau T3 (ob leeg pholm <0.001; Cohen's d> 0.556; BF10> 422.439). Peb pom ib pawg tseem ceeb (F1, 38=4.23, p=0.047, η2 p=0.10; BF10=1.391), tab sis Pawg tseem ceeb Kev sib tham tsis tseem ceeb (F1,76=2.35, p=0.103, η2 p=0.06; BF10=0.948; Daim duab 4a). Kev soj ntsuam tom qab hoc kev sib piv ntawm qhov kev sib cuam tshuam no tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm T1 (tsis raug=0.498, pholm=0.996; Cohen's d=0.069; BF10=0.372) thiab T3 (tsis raug=0.091, pholm=0.274; Cohen's d=0.604; BF10=0.995), thiab HR siab dua hauv SF ntawm T2 (tsis raug=0.039; Cohen's d=0.617; BF10=1.810). Cov txiaj ntsig tom kawg tau dhau los ua qhov tsis tseem ceeb thaum kho rau ntau qhov kev sib piv (pholm=0.194). Tag nrho lwm qhov kev sib piv lossis kev sib cuam tshuam tsis tseem ceeb (tag nrho p> 0.318).
ANOVA ntawm kev hloov hauv HR los ntawm T1 rau T2 tau pom muaj txiaj ntsig Pab Pawg tseem ceeb (F1,38=4.31, p=0.045, η2 p=0.10; BF10=1.735; Daim duab 4c), nrog siab dua HR rau SF. Ob hom nyhuv (F1,{14}}.929, p=0.341, η2 p=0.02; BF10=0.331) thiab kev sib cuam tshuam Hom Pab Pawg (F1 ,38=0.03, p=0.875, η2 p < 0.01; BF10=0.303) tsis tseem ceeb.
ANOVA ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv HR los ntawm T2 rau T3 tsis pom muaj pawg tseem ceeb (F1,38=0.01, p=0.915, η2 p < 0.{{ 29}}1; BF10=0.421; Daim duab 3d), Hom (F1,38=0.11, p=0.738, η2 p < 0.01; BF10=1 .594) los yog Hom Pab Pawg (F1, 38=0.31, p=0.580, η2 p < 0.01; BF10=0.374) effect.
3.5|False Alarm Rate
Lub omnibus ANOVA ntawm FAR tau pom cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb (F1,38=8.06, p=0.007, η2 p {{6 }}.18; BF10=1.892; Daim duab 5b), nrog siab dua FAR rau cov khoom nruab nrab. Peb kuj tau pom qhov cuam tshuam ntawm Kev Sib Tham (F1,76=4.61, p=0.013, η2 p=0.11; BF10=5.84{ {89}}), nrog kev nce hauv HR los ntawm T1 rau T2 (puncorrected=0.004, pholm=0.013; Cohen's d=0.585; BF{ {30}}.750) thiab los ntawm T1 txog T3 (puncorrected=0.021, pholm=0.041; Cohen's d =} 0.352; BF10=1.320), tab sis tsis yog los ntawm T2 rau T3 (puncorrected=0.541, pholm=0.541; Cohen's d=0.133; BF10=0.165). Txawm hais tias peb tsis tau pom ib pawg tseem ceeb (F1,38=1.27, p=0.267, η2 p=0.03; BF10=0.374), qhov Pawg Kev Sib Tham Sib Tham yog qhov tseem ceeb (F1,76=4.36, p=0.016, η2 p=0.10; BF10=2.890; Daim duab 5a). Post hoc kev sib piv tsis pom qhov txawv ntawm T1 (tsis raug=0.369, pholm> 0.999; Cohen's d=0.156; BF10=0.429) thiab T2 (tsis raug=0 .263, pholm > 0.999; Cohen's d=0.250; BF10=0.441), tab sis siab dua FAR hauv SF ntawm T3 (uncorrected=0}.019; Cohen's d {{96 }}.642; BF10=3.043). Cov txiaj ntsig tom kawg tau dhau los ua qhov tsis tseem ceeb thaum kho rau ntau qhov sib piv (pholm=0.178). Tag nrho lwm qhov kev sib piv lossis kev sib cuam tshuam tsis tseem ceeb (tag nrho p> 0.318).
ANOVA ntawm kev hloov nyob rau hauv FAR los ntawm T1 mus rau T2 pom ib tug tseem ceeb hom nyhuv (F1, 38=4.77, p=0.035, η2 p=0.11; BF{{10} }.862; Daim duab 5c), nrog kev hloov siab dua rau daim duab nruab nrab. Ob pawg nyhuv (F1,{14}}.757, p=0.390, η2 p=0.02; BF10=0.395) thiab kev sib cuam tshuam Hom Pab Pawg (F1 ,38=1.68, p=0.203, η2 p=0.04; BF10=0.634) tsis tseem ceeb.
ANOVA ntawm kev hloov nyob rau hauv FAR los ntawm T2 mus rau T3 qhia ib tug qauv rau ib pawg nyhuv (F1,38=3.94, p=0.054, η2 p=0.09; BF{{ 10}}.451; Daim duab 5d), nrog kev hloov pauv ntau dua rau SF, tab sis tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb (F1, 38=0.281, p=0.599, η2 p=0. 01; BF10=0.237) thiab Type Group effect (F1,{24}}.311, p=0.580, η2 p=0.01; BF{{31} }.306).
3.6|Pw tsaug zog qauv thaum lub sij hawm sim hmo ntuj
Ob pawg tsis tau qhia qhov txawv ntawm lawv qhov kev pw tsaug zog thaum hmo ntuj (nruab nrab ntawm T1 thiab T2 rau SF, thiab ntawm T2 thiab T3 rau WF; Table 2). Tshawb nrhiav qhov muaj peev xwm koom nrog ntawm kev pw tsaug zog thaum hmo ntuj kev sim thiab kev hloov pauv hauv kev ua haujlwm hauv SF qhia tsis muaj kev koom tes tseem ceeb.
3.7|Kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev pw tsaug zog hmo ua ntej encoding thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm qhov encoding hauv WF
Ob pawg tsis pom qhov txawv ntawm lawv qhov kev pw tsaug zog thaum hmo ntuj ua ntej hnub sim (Table 3).
Tshawb nrhiav kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev pw tsaug zog hmo ntuj ua ntej encoding thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm qhov encoding tsuas yog hauv WF, tsuas yog rau cov khoom tsis zoo, peb tau pom qhov tsis zoo ntawm d-prime thiab N2% (r=0 }.566, p=0.009; BF10=6.523; Daim duab 6a) thiab ib qho zoo nrog REM% (r=0.621, p=0.003 ; BF10=14.876; Daim duab 6b). Cov koom haum no tsis muaj nyob rau cov khoom nruab nrab.
3.8|Adaptation hmo ntuj nyhuv
Txhawm rau tswj kom muaj peev xwm hloov kho hmo ntuj tshwm sim (xws li pw tsaug zog nrog cov cuab yeej siv tau), peb tau ua ntau yam sib xyaw ua qauv ANOVAs nrog rau kev pw tsaug zog tsis txaus siab raws li qhov sib txawv (Table 2 thiab 3), nrog Hmo ntuj (thawj, thib ob) raws li nyob rau hauv -subjects factor thiab Group as between-subject factor. Qhov kev sib piv tseem ceeb nkaus xwb yog Hmo ntuj nyhuv rau N3% (F1, 38=4.98, p=0.032, η2 p=0.12; BF10=1.744) , nrog cov neeg koom siv sijhawm pw tsaug zog ntau dua hauv N3 thaum hmo ntuj thib ob, tab sis Pawg (F1, 38=2.84, p=0.100, η2 p=0.07; BF{{25 }}.974) thiab qhov tseem ceeb Pab Pawg Hmo ntuj kev sib cuam tshuam tsis tseem ceeb (F1, 38=1.72, p=0.198, η2 p=0.04; BF10=0 .649). Qhov txo qis hauv N3% hauv Hmo 1 yog sib npaug los ntawm kev nce hauv N2% (F1,38=3.66, p=0.063, η2 p=0.09; BF{{48 }}.176), tab sis dua Pawg (F1, 38=4.69, p=0.498, η2 p=0.01; BF10=0.363) thiab Pawg Hmo Ntuj kev sib cuam tshuam tsis tseem ceeb (F1,38=1.58, p=0.216, η2 p=0.04; BF10=0.680). Tag nrho lwm qhov kev sib piv tsis tseem ceeb. Cov txiaj ntsig no qhia tias, txawm hais tias thawj hmo tau cuam tshuam nrog qis dua ntawm lub sijhawm siv hauv N3 thiab ntau dua hauv N2, qhov txiaj ntsig no zoo ib yam rau ob pawg.
4|Kev sib tham
Txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no tsom los tshawb xyuas cov luag hauj lwm ntawm kev pw tsaug zog thiab wakefulness nyob rau hauv lub siab lub ntsws consolidation. Tshwj xeeb, peb tsom mus soj ntsuam cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev pw tsaug zog thaum tsaus ntuj piv nrog rau lub sijhawm sib npaug ntawm nruab hnub sawv ntxov ntawm kev xav txog kev xav thiab kev nco ua haujlwm rau cov duab nruab nrab thiab tsis zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb tsom mus ntsuam xyuas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ncua sij hawm pw tsaug zog-nyob ntawm lub siab lub ntsws sib sau ua ke. Thaum kawg, peb tshawb nrhiav cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev pw tsaug zog hmo ntuj ntawm kev nkag siab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kev xav.
Tom qab 12 teev los ntawm qhov encoding, peb tau pom lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev pw tsaug zog tom qab kawm piv nrog kev kawm tom qab wakefulness ntawm kev nco ua ke. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev pw tsaug zog no tsis yog tshwj xeeb rau cov duab tsis zoo, qhia tias kev pw tsaug zog tom qab encoding ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pom tau txo qis qhov tsis nco qab 12 hr tom qab, tsis hais txog qhov stimuli valence. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev xav tsis zoo tau nco qab zoo dua hauv ob qho xwm txheej, piv nrog cov duab nruab nrab. Interestingly, 24 hr tom qab encoding, kev ua tau zoo poob rau hauv SF, uas tau siv yav dhau los 12 hr tsaug zog, tab sis tsis nyob rau hauv WF, uas muaj ib hmo pw tsaug zog nyob rau hauv yav dhau los 12 hr. Peb kuj tau pom muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev nco txog kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm qhov kev sim tam sim thiab REM% hmo ua ntej qhov encoding.
Kev tsom mus rau qhov kev xav ntawm lub siab xav, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev pw tsaug zog ntawm valence thiab arousal theem tsis tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm peb cov ntaub ntawv. Cov kev hloov pauv no tau sib piv hauv WF thiab SF thiab tsis tau hloov pauv thoob plaws hauv kev sim, dhau li qhov nce me me hauv qhov pom tau tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov duab tsis zoo los ntawm kev nkag mus rau T2, yuav yog vim muaj kev cuam tshuam. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov yam ntxwv pw tsaug zog tau sau tseg hmo ntuj tom qab qhov encoding tsis zoo li cuam tshuam nrog kev nco txog kev ua tau zoo lossis nrog valence thiab arousal theem.
Hais txog lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev pw tsaug zog ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev nco, peb cov ntaub ntawv zoo ib yam nrog cov ntaub ntawv uas twb muaj lawm (Diekelmann & Born, 2010; Rasch & Born, 2013), ntxiv kev lees paub nws qhov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev nco. Qhov tseeb, peb tau pom qhov zoo dua ntawm kev pw tsaug zog piv nrog kev pw tsaug zog, txawm hais tias lub cim xeeb ib txwm muaj tshwm sim los ntawm lub sijhawm dhau mus, raws li pom los ntawm kev txo qis ntawm T2 piv nrog T1 hauv ob qho tib si. Ntxiv mus, peb cov txiaj ntsig zoo ib yam li qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm daim ntawv tsis ntev los no uas siv tib qhov kev sim tsim, tab sis siv cov lus sib koom ua haujlwm (Zhang, Whitehurst, & Mednick, 2022). Lawv lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog los tshawb xyuas seb kev pw tsaug zog puas pab kom ruaj khov cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev ntxiv dag zog rau cov cim tshiab tshiab tiv thaiv cov kev paub dhau los tom qab los yog kom rov qab tau cov kev nco qab no tom qab lub sijhawm sawv. Zoo ib yam li peb txoj kev tshawb fawb, cov kws sau ntawv pom tau tias kev nco zoo dua tom qab 12 teev ntawm kev pw tsaug zog piv nrog lub sijhawm zoo sib xws ntawm wakefulness. Ntxiv mus, 24 teev tom qab qhov encoding, ob pawg (SF thiab WF) tau pom qhov ua tau zoo ib yam. Lawv kuj tau pom muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub hwj chim hauv delta thiab theta bands hauv WF, thiab kev hloov pauv hauv kev nco ntawm T2 mus rau T3 (xws li lub zog siab dua, cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv tau nco qab). Lawv txhais lawv cov ntaub ntawv qhia tias kev pw tsaug zog tuaj yeem pab cawm cov kev nco tsis zoo tom qab ib hnub ntawm kev sawv.
Txawm hais tias peb cov ntaub ntawv coj tus cwj pwm yog nyob rau hauv txoj kab nrog Zhang li al. (2022), peb tsis pom muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev pw tsaug zog uas tau sau tseg thaum hmo ntuj tom qab qhov encoding thiab nco ua haujlwm rau hnub tom qab. Qhov tsis muaj kev sib txuas meej ntawm kev pw tsaug zog thiab kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev nco yog qhov tseeb los ntawm qhov tseeb tias, txawm tias tsis ntev los no tau nce hauv kev tshawb fawb txog kev pw tsaug zog, kev sib txuas ntawm cov theem pw tsaug zog thiab lub cim xeeb tseem tsis tau pom (Ackermann & Rasch, 2014). Yog li ntawd, peb cov txiaj ntsig tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov nyuaj ntawm cov txheej txheem pw tsaug zog tshwm sim thaum hmo ntuj, tsis yog qhov tsis muaj kev koom tes. Nws tseem tsim nyog xav txog tias hauv peb txoj kev tshawb fawb peb tau sau tseg pw tsaug zog siv lub portable PSG uas tsis tso cai rau peb los ntsuas kev pw tsaug zog microstructure (xws li pw tsaug zog spindles, qeeb oscillations, theta zog thaum REM), uas tej zaum yuav tau muab cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntxiv txog lub hauv paus nco- ntsig txog kev ua thaum pw tsaug zog.
Cov txiaj ntsig tau hais los saum toj no xa mus rau kev nco ua haujlwm ntawm nws tus kheej los ntawm valence ntawm cov duab nthuav tawm (piv txwv li SF tau tshaj tawm qhov ua tau zoo dua rau cov duab nruab nrab thiab tsis zoo). Qhov tseeb, peb cov txiaj ntsig tsis tau qhia txog kev xaiv, lossis qhov nyiam, cuam tshuam ntawm kev pw tsaug zog ntawm kev nco txog kev ua haujlwm. Cov txiaj ntsig no yog raws li qhov tau tshaj tawm los ntawm ob qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tsis ntev los no ntawm kev pw tsaug zog thiab kev nco txog kev xav (Lipinska li al., 2019; Schaefer et al., 2020). Ob qho kev tshawb fawb no, txawm hais tias lawv suav nrog ntau cov kev tshawb fawb sib txawv thiab siv cov kev tshuaj ntsuam sib txawv, qhia tias tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa rau lub tswv yim tias ib lub sij hawm ntawm kev pw tsaug zog los yog diurnal nyiam ua kom muaj kev nco qab. Piv txwv li, Schaefer et al. (2020) tau pom tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev xav ntawm cov khoom nruab nrab tom qab pw tsaug zog nkaus xwb hauv 9 ntawm 22 cov kev tshawb fawb (40.09%) uas piv rau kev pw tsaug zog thiab tsaug zog. Cov kev tshawb fawb no qhia tias feem ntau ntawm cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev pw tsaug zog ntawm lub siab lub ntsws tsuas yog tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb (xws li siv rov qab dawb es tsis txhob kuaj pom, siv kev sib cais hmo ntuj thiab ib nrab pw tsaug zog deprivation raws tu qauv). Schäfer et al. (2020) txawm hais tias, tseem suav nrog cov kev tshawb fawb uas tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim, qhov kev pw tsaug zog, tsis yog kev pw tsaug zog, tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog kev nyiam me me ntawm kev xav ntawm kev xav (piv txwv li txhais tau hais tias tus qauv hloov pauv ntawm 0.16 txog 0.19). Peb cov ntaub ntawv tsis yog raws li lub tswv yim tom ntej no, tab sis peb yuav tsum tau hais tias peb txoj kev tshawb fawb tsis tau tsim los txheeb xyuas qhov cuam tshuam me me.
Txawm li cas los xij, peb tau tshaj tawm qhov kev nco ua tau zoo dua rau cov ntaub ntawv tsis zoo tom qab 12 thiab 24 teev, uas yog sib xyaw nrog ntau cov ntaub ntawv uas tau lees tias, vim tias qhov kev xav tsis zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb dua thiab ua kom muaj zog dua li qhov nruab nrab, lawv qhov kev nkag siab tau zoo (Hu et ib., 2006). Qhov tseeb, qhov txiaj ntsig no kuj yog raws li qhov tau tshaj tawm los ntawm Lipinska li al. (2019), qhia tias tom qab lub sijhawm pw tsaug zog lossis sawv, cov neeg tuaj koom qhia qhov kev ua tau zoo dua rau qhov tsis zoo piv nrog cov stimuli nruab nrab, nrog rau qhov loj me zoo ib yam li peb tau tshaj tawm ntawm no.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tsis muaj kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb ntawm valence thiab arousal theem thoob plaws hauv kev sim - thiab tshwj xeeb ntawm kev pw tsaug zog thiab wakefulness - ib nrab deviates los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv muaj. Ib qho ntawm cov qauv zoo tshaj plaws uas muaj feem xyuam nrog kev pw tsaug zog thiab kev xav, Pw tsaug zog kom tsis nco qab pw tsaug zog kom nco qab qhov kev xav (SFSR; Walker & van Der Helm, 2009), qhia tias valence thiab arousal theem ntawm lub siab nco qab yog nce zuj zus thaum REM pw tsaug zog, whereas cov ntsiab lus episodic ntawm tib lub cim xeeb yog nce consolidated. Raws li tus qauv no, peb yuav tsum tau pom qhov txo qis ntawm kev xav hauv SF piv nrog WF, thiab tseem muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov loj ntawm qhov txo thiab lub sij hawm siv nyob rau hauv REM thaum hmo ntuj tom qab encoding. Txawm hais tias qhov siv tau ntawm SFSR qhov kev xav tau tseem tab tom sib cav, cov txiaj ntsig no tsis tas yuav tsis lees paub nws. Ua ntej, peb tau sim peb cov neeg koom nrog 1 hmo tom qab qhov encoding, txawm hais tias ob peb hmo pw tsaug zog yuav tsum tau txo qis ntawm valence thiab arousal theem, txawm tias nws tau tshaj tawm tias ib hmos yuav txaus rau qee qhov (Van Der Helm et al., 2011). Tseeb, tus qauv SFSR piav qhia tias qhov kev xav ntawm kev xav tau maj mam txo qis thaum lub sijhawm, thiab tsuas yog ib qho kev sib tham ntawm PSG thiab kev ntsuam xyuas nco yuav tsis txaus rau cov txheej txheem kev xav tau tshwm sim. Qhov thib ob, nws yog qhov ua tau tias stimuli tsis txaus siab txaus. Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau tsim cov kev xav tau ntau ntxiv txog qhov kev siv tau ntawm tus qauv no, nws yuav tsim nyog los rov ua cov haujlwm tam sim no uas siv ntau qhov kev xav thiab kev sim cov neeg koom nrog tom qab ob peb hmo pw tsaug zog.
Hais txog qhov kev xav thib ob, peb cov txiaj ntsig tau sib koom ua ke nrog cov ntaub ntawv uas qhia tias kev pw tsaug zog tuaj yeem txo qhov tsis nco qab cov ntaub ntawv tshiab txawm tias nws tshwm sim ntev tom qab kawm (Benson & Feinberg, 1977). Tseeb tiag, peb pom tias 24 teev tom qab qhov kev hloov pauv, qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm ob pawg tau sib piv. Txawm li cas los xij, qee qhov kev txiav txim siab yuav tsum tau tham txog. Ua ntej, Benson thiab Feinberg (1977) ua haujlwm ob peb lo lus raws li kev txhawb nqa, thaum ua haujlwm tam sim no, peb siv cov duab tsis zoo thiab nruab nrab. Raws li nws tau tsim dav, nco yog ib txoj haujlwm nyuaj muab faib ua ntau pawg thiab, txawm hais tias cov lus thiab cov duab tau muab khaws cia rau hauv cov lus tshaj tawm (Squire, 2004), cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb ntawm kev sib txuas thiab kev sib koom ua ke tuaj yeem koom nrog ntau lub hlwb thaj tsam thiab sib txawv physiological. txheej txheem. Qhov thib ob, cov kws sau ntawv tau hais los saum toj no tsuas yog txiav txim siab cov lus teb kom raug raws li qhov ntsuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev nco, qhov d-prime index suav hauv peb txoj kev tshawb fawb kuj tseem siv lub tswb cuav rau hauv tus account. Tseeb tiag, tsom rau HR nkaus xwb, WF muaj kev ua haujlwm qis dua piv nrog SF txawm tias 24 teev tom qab qhov encoding. Yog li, qhov tsis sib xws hauv cov kev tshawb fawb no tsawg kawg tuaj yeem piav qhia qee yam. Txawm li cas los xij, peb cov ntaub ntawv ntawm d-prime qhia tau hais tias ib lub sijhawm pw tsaug zog ntev tom qab lub encoding muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev nco ua ke, nyob rau hauv txoj kab nrog cov ntawv hais txog kev sib tham los ntawm Zhang li al. (2022). Vim tias WF muaj ib hmos so ntawm T2 thiab T3, ib qho kev piav qhia tau yog tias pw tsaug zog ua haujlwm tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis tau raug cuam tshuam los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm wakefulness. Qhov no yuav txhawb nqa lub tswv yim tias kev pw tsaug zog tuaj yeem cawm cov kev puas tsuaj thiab kev puas tsuaj los ntawm kev puas tsuaj (Drosopoulos, Schulze, Fischer, & Born, 2007; McDevitt, Duggan, & Mednick, 2015). Hloov pauv, SF tau txais lub sijhawm sib npaug ntawm kev pw tsaug zog ntawm T2 thiab T3, uas tuaj yeem ua rau kom tsis nco qab cov ntaub ntawv yav dhau los "tiv thaiv" los ntawm kev pw tsaug zog. Txawm li cas los xij, lwm qhov kev txhais lus yuav raug txiav txim siab. Nees nkaum plaub teev tom qab lub encoding (T3), ob pab pawg yuav tau mus txog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub cim xeeb consolidation, yog li tiv thaiv ib qho tseem ceeb kev hloov kho ntawm lub cim xeeb kev ua tau zoo, tsis hais txog ntawm qhov kev sim.
Thaum kawg, kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tau txais hmo ntuj ua ntej encoding hauv WF zoo li txhawb kev koom tes ntawm REM pw tsaug zog hauv kev nco txog kev xav (Goldstein & Walker, 2014; Wagner et al., 2001). Qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev nco txog kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm T1 thiab REM pw tsaug zog feem pua ntawm hmo ua ntej qhov kev hloov pauv yuav qhia tau tias REM pw tsaug zog tuaj yeem ua kom lub hlwb zoo rau kev nkag siab thiab kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv kev xav tshiab, raws li qhov nruab nrab stimuli zoo li tsis tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm REM. Yog li, qhov txiaj ntsig no txhawb nqa lub tswv yim hais tias cov theem pw tsaug zog sib txawv tshwj xeeb ua rau cov cim xeeb sib txawv. Txawm li cas los xij, vim hais tias cov duab zoo valenced tsis tau ua haujlwm hauv txoj kev tshawb no, nws tsis tuaj yeem ua pov thawj tias qhov kev koom tes no cuam tshuam nrog kev nco txog tag nrho lossis tsuas yog rau qhov tsis zoo. Lub koom haum no kuj yuav nthuav rau cov kws kho mob. Piv txwv li, cov neeg mob kev nyuaj siab zoo li yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm REM pw tsaug zog (Baglioni et al., 2016) thiab qhov tsis zoo stimuli bias (Clark & Beck, 2010). Yog li ntawd, qhov kev ncua ntev ntawm REM tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev nyuaj siab ntau ntxiv thiab kev tsis zoo los yog qhov ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev sib raug zoo tsis zoo ntawm prime thiab N2% yog qhov tsis sib haum xeeb.
Raws li kev tshaj tawm los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, N2 muaj lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev nco txog kev sib koom ua ke (Diekelmann & Born, 2010; Rosanova & Ulrich, 2005), tab sis lub koom haum tsis zoo pom nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no zoo li taw tes rau hauv qhov kev taw qhia, qhia tias theem no. yog qhov tsis zoo rau kev xav sib sau ua ke. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsim nyog xav txog tias cov cuab yeej saib xyuas kev pw tsaug zog tau muab rau txoj kev tshawb fawb no tso cai rau kev ntsuas lub sijhawm ntawm txhua theem pw tsaug zog, tab sis tsis tso cai rau peb tshawb xyuas ntxiv txog kev pw tsaug zog micro-architecture. Ntxiv mus, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias, vim hais tias pw tsaug zog ntev, cov feem pua ntawm cov theem sib txawv ntawm cov kev kawm. Li no, thaum ib theem tshwj xeeb (xws li REM) nce nws lub sijhawm, ib lossis ntau dua lwm theem kev lej txo qis (piv txwv li N2). Yog li ntawd, peb qhov kev sib raug zoo tsis zoo yuav cuam tshuam rau tus kheej qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov feem pua ntawm cov theem pw tsaug zog, yog li qhia tau hais tias cov neeg koom nrog qhia REM ntau dua, thiab tau txais N2 tsawg dua, muaj kev xav zoo dua kom nco qab cov ntaub ntawv tsis zoo dua li qhov nruab nrab. Lub tswv yim tom kawg no yog ib feem kev txhawb nqa los ntawm Bayesian yam, uas qhia cov pov thawj siab dua ntawm kev koom tes ntawm d-prime nrog REM% es tsis yog nrog N2%. Thaum kawg, peb yuav tsum tau hais tias qhov kev txhais ntawm cov kev sib raug zoo no feem ntau yog kwv yees vim tias muaj cov neeg koom nrog tsawg (n=20).
Cov txiaj ntsig tam sim no yuav tsum tau muab txhais los ntawm cov kev txwv ntawm txoj kev tshawb no. Ua ntej, kev sim kev sim tau ua tiav ntawm cov neeg koom hauv tsev, yog li muaj kev txwv tsis pub muaj kev sim thiab cov neeg koom ua raws li cov lus qhia ua haujlwm. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev txwv tib yam no tau tso cai rau peb los ua kev tshawb fawb ecological ntau dua. Vim tias cov neeg koom pw tsaug zog hauv lawv lub txaj, lawv tsis raug cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov chaw kuaj mob, uas tuaj yeem hloov pauv kev pw tsaug zog zoo (Agnew Jr., Webb, & Williams, 1966). Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tuaj yeem ntsib kev hloov pauv hmo ntuj. Tseeb tiag, thaum peb txheeb xyuas tus qauv pw tsaug zog hauv ob pawg hauv 2 hmo, peb tau soj ntsuam siab dua N2% thiab qis N3% thawj hmo, tab sis qhov txiaj ntsig no zoo sib xws hauv ob pawg. Qhov thib ob, raws li tau hais ua ntej, sau ib hmo pw tsaug zog yuav tsis muaj kev pom txaus rau kev pw tsaug zog thiab nco txog cov txheej txheem, muab lawv qhov nyuaj loj.
Yog li ntawd, cov kev tshawb fawb ntxiv yuav tsum tau sau ntau hmo sib law liag kom kov yeej qhov kev txwv no. Thib peb, txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no tsuas yog siv qhov pom kev zoo li qub (piv txwv li duab) thiab kev paub txog kev ua haujlwm. Yog li ntawd, cov kev tshawb fawb ntxiv yuav tsum sim txuas ntxiv peb cov txiaj ntsig nrog ntau hom stimuli (xws li video) thiab ntau hom kev sim (xws li rov qab). Thaum kawg, peb yuav tsum rov hais dua tias cov qauv tam sim no me me heev (n {{0}} ib pab pawg), thiab peb qhov kev soj ntsuam tsis muaj hwj chim txaus los txheeb xyuas qhov cuam tshuam me me thiab hloov maj mam. Qhov qauv loj no raug xaiv raws li kev txwv tsis pub siv, piv txwv li peb muaj peev nyiaj tsawg, cov neeg ua haujlwm, thiab sijhawm los sau cov ntaub ntawv. Yog li ntawd, peb tau txiav txim siab peb tus qauv loj uas siv cov txheej txheem heuristic (Lakens, 2022), uas yog los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev pw tsaug zog thiab kev nco qab. Xav txog 34 cov kev tshawb fawb suav nrog hauv kev tshuaj ntsuam meta-los ntawm Schäfer thiab cov npoj yaig 2020), feem ntau ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov ncauj lus no muaj qhov piv txwv loj ntawm 12 tus neeg koom hauv ib pab pawg lossis cov xwm txheej (Goldschmied li al., 2015; Wagner, Kashyap, Diekelmann, & Yug, 2007) rau 24 tus neeg koom hauv ib pab pawg lossis cov xwm txheej (Ashton, Harrington, Smith, & Cairney, 2019), nrog qee qhov kev zam nrog tus qauv loj dua (Baran li al., 2012; Bennion, Payne, & Kensinger, 2016; Cox et al., 2018). Piv txwv li, Sopp, Michael, thiab Mecklinger (2018), siv cov txheej txheem zoo sib xws rau peb li (ob pawg, peb lub sijhawm sim, kev paub txog kev ua haujlwm nrog nruab nrab thiab tsis txaus siab), nrhiav 23 tus neeg koom hauv ib pawg, zoo ib yam li peb cov qauv loj. Yog li ntawd, cov txiaj ntsig tam sim no tuaj yeem siv los ua kev sib piv nrog cov kev tshawb fawb zoo sib xws hauv cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis lawv cov kev txhais lus yuav tsum raug txwv rau cov txiaj ntsig uas zoo li nruab nrab mus rau loj, nco ntsoov tias peb txoj kev tshawb fawb tsis tau tsim los txheeb xyuas qhov cuam tshuam me me (xws li Cohen's d. Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.20). Cov kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej yuav tsum rov ua dua thiab txuas ntxiv peb cov txiaj ntsig tam sim no nrog cov qauv loj dua.
Hauv kev xaus, peb txoj kev tshawb fawb tau lees paub lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev pw tsaug zog ntawm kev nco ua ke, txawm tias tom qab lub encoding ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshiab lossis tom qab ib hnub ntawm wakefulness. Tsis tas li ntawd, txawm hais tias qhov kev xav tsis zoo tau pom dua tias yuav nco ntsoov zoo dua li qhov nruab nrab, qhov kev xav ntawm kev xav zoo li tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm ib hmos ntawm kev pw tsaug zog. Peb kuj tau ua pov thawj tias kev nco ua rau cov duab tsis zoo yog cuam tshuam nrog REM pw tsaug zog ntau hmo ua ntej kev kawm. Zuag qhia tag nrho, kev pw tsaug zog zoo li tsis zoo dua los txhim kho lub siab lub ntsws, txawm tias nws yuav cuam tshuam rau kev nkag siab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis zoo.
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
NC thiab GC tau tsim lub tswv yim kev kawm thiab pab txhawb rau kev kawm tsim thiab sau cov ntaub ntawv. Txhua tus kws sau ntawv tau pab txhawb rau kev txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv, txhais cov ntaub ntawv, sau cov ntawv sau, thiab pom zoo rau cov ntawv kawg rau kev xa tawm.
TXOJ CAI
Txoj haujlwm tam sim no tau ua tiav nyob rau hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb "Dipartimenti di Eccellenza" los ntawm MIUR mus rau Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev puas siab puas ntsws. Cov kws sau ntawv ua tsaug Eleonora Baliviera rau nws txoj kev pab nrog sau cov ntaub ntawv.
Kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kev txaus siab
Qhov no tsis yog ib qho kev tshawb fawb txog kev lag luam. Tsis muaj ib tus kws sau ntawv muaj peev xwm tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kev txaus siab los nthuav tawm. Txhua tus kws sau ntawv tau pom thiab pom zoo rau cov ntawv sau.
DAIM NTAWV THOV KEV PAB CUAM
Cov ntaub ntawv uas txhawb nqa qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb no muaj los ntawm tus neeg sau ntawv raws li qhov kev thov tsim nyog.
REFERENCES
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