Cov teebmeem tiv thaiv ntawm Eugenol ntawm Metabolic-Syndrome, Lub raum puas
Mar 18, 2022
Fatemeh Kourkinejad Gharaei1, 2 ID, Halimeh Lakzaei3 ID, Abbass Ali Niazi3 ID, Mehdi Jahantigh3 ID, Mohammad Reza Shahraki3 ID, Tahereh Safari3,4* ib
Taw qhia:Metabolic Syndrome muaj ib pab pawg ntawm kev txawv txav uas cuam tshuam nrog ntevraumkab mob thiab nephropathy. Eugenol yog ib qho tseem ceeb phenolic tivthaiv, uas muaj nyob rau hauv ntau cov nroj tsuag 'tseem ceeb roj xws li cloves roj nrog antioxidant teebmeem.
Lub hom phiaj:Peb txoj kev tshawb fawb tau npaj los ua kom pom eugenol cov teebmeem ntawm nephrotoxicity los ntawm metabolic syndrome.
Cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem:Peb caug-tsib tus txiv neej Wistar nas raug khaws cia thiab muab faib ua tsib pawg suav nrog 1) kais dej; 2) dej nrog fructose 10 feem pua; 3) dej nrog fructose ntxiv qab zib almond roj thiab muab intraperitoneally; 4) dej nrog fructose ntxiv rau eugenol 50 mg / kg / d thiab muab intraperitoneally; 5) dej nrog fructose ntxiv rau eugenol 100 mg / kg / d muab intraperitoneally. Txoj cai no tau siv sijhawm 60 hnub, thiab thaum pib ntawm hnub 31st, kev txhaj tshuaj tau pib rau 30 hnub. Kev ntsuam xyuas cov ntshav, zis, thiab lub raum tsis ua haujlwm (hauv homogenizedraumcov ntaub so ntswg) tau ua nyob rau hauv cov kauj ruam kawg.
Cov txiaj ntsig:Cov txiaj ntsig tau sib cav tias qhov induction ntawm metabolic syndrome hauv qab nolub raumKev raug mob tau nce qib ntshav urea nitrogen (BUN) thiab creatinine (Cr) ntau ntxiv hauv pawg fructose. Kev noj eugenol ua rau muaj kev txo qis hauv qib ntawm ob yam tshuaj biochemical (P<0.05). the="">lub raumtheem ntawm malondialdehyde (MDA) nce hauv pawg fructose thaum kho nrog koob tshuaj 50 eugenols txo nws qib (P<0.05). proteinuria="" and="">raumCov ntaub so ntswg puas tsuaj (KTDS) tau nce hauv pawg fructose piv nrog cov kais dej (P<0.001). it="" is="" noteworthy="" that="" treatment="" with="" eugenol="" did="" not="" affect="" the="" level="" of="" proteinuria="" and="" ktds="" with="" any="" of="" the="" used="">
Xaus:Peb cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia txog kev txhim kho ntawmlub raumKev ua haujlwm thiab txo qis hauv lipid peroxidation, txawm hais tias eugenol koob tshuaj siv hauv txoj kev tshawb no tsis txo cov proteinuria thiab KTDS.
Hu rau:joanna.jia@wecistanche.com
Cistanche tubulosa tiv thaiv kab mob raum, nyem qhov no kom tau txais cov qauv
Taw qhia
Cov kab mob metabolic suav nrog ib pawg ntawm cov teeb meem xws li plab rog rog, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, thiab kub siab (1-3). Lawv cuam tshuam nrog insulin tsis kam, feem ntau ua ke nrog qhov hnyav nce thiab rog. Cov neeg uas muaj cov kab mob metabolic muaj feem yuav mob ntshav qab zib,lub raumthiab kab mob plawv (3,4). Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj tshiab qhia tau hais tias qhov ua rau mob raum tsis zoo yog siab dua rau cov neeg uas muaj cov kab mob metabolic (5, 6). Raws li kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no, qhov tshwm sim ntawm metabolic syndrome yog 34 feem pua ntawm ntiaj teb (7). Cov yam tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho ntawm qhov teeb meem no yog cov khoom noj muaj carbohydrate thiab cov rog ntau (8,9). Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias daim ntawv thov ntawm fructose ua cov khoom qab zib zoo hauv cov khoom noj niaj hnub no tau nce ntxiv, nrog kev noj txhua hnub ntawm 16-20 g rau 85-100 g (10,11).
Ntau cov kev tshawb fawb tau qhia txog txoj hauv kev sib txawv rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg hauv metabolic syndrome. Ib txoj hauv kev yog inducing thiab tsim oxidative kev nyuaj siab thiab dawb radicals feem. Cov kab mob metabolic tsub kom cov dawb radicals, uas yog, reactive oxygen hom uas ua rau muaj kev tsis sib xws hauv kev ua haujlwm antioxidant ua rau lub cev tsis ua haujlwm (12,13). Raws li cov kev tshawb fawb tam sim no, oxidative kev nyuaj siab plays qee lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob sib txawv xws liraumkev puas tsuaj (14).
4-allyl-2-methoxy phenol kuj hu ua eugenol yog ib qho phenolic compound uas yog siv los ua ib qho ntxiv hauv kev tsim khoom noj thiab tshuaj tsw qab (15). Ntau cov nroj tsuag xws li clove, basil, thiab nutmeg extracts yog saturated nrog eugenol. Kev ua haujlwm lom neeg ntawm eugenol muaj xws li antioxidant, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, thiab lwm yam (16). Sheen thiab cov npoj yaig tau qhia eugenol tiv thaiv cov teebmeem oxidative kev nyuaj siab thiab gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity (2).
Lub hom phiaj
Xav txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob metabolic thiab lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv ntawm eugenol, cov lus nug nram qab no tau nthuav tawm: 1) Ua biochemical tsis muaj qib hauv cov ntshav thiabraumCov ntaub so ntswg sib txawv tom qab txhaj tshuaj eugenol hauv nas cuam tshuam nrog metabolic syndrome? 2) Puas muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov kab mob nephric parenchyma tom qab siv eugenol hauv cov nas uas cuam tshuam nrog cov kab mob metabolic? Yog li txoj kev tshawb no tau tsim los rau kev soj ntsuam ntawm eugenol lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawmlub raumkev puas tsuaj vim metabolic syndrome.
Cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem
Tsiaj txhu
Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no tam sim no, 35 Wistar nas uas tag nrho cov txiv neej poj niam txiv neej thiab yuam kev xaiv nyob rau hauv qhov hnyav ntawm 184.4 ± 7.2 g uas tau npaj los ntawm Zahedan University of Medical Sciences 'tus tsiaj chaw. Qhov ntsuas kub ib puag ncig ntawm qhov chaw cia yog 23 txog 25 degree. Cov nas tsuag muaj dej tsis pub nkag mus tau, cov khoom noj uas muaj cov nas noj, thiab 12 teev lub teeb thaum nruab hnub thiab 12 teev tsaus ntuj thaum hmo ntuj. Ib lub lis piam ua ntej qhov kev xeem lawv kuj tau yoog raws lawv cov zaub mov.
Tshuaj
D-fructose >99 feem pua tau yuav los ntawm Syarikat System Malaysia Company. Eugenol tau txais los ntawm Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Qab zib almond roj tau txais los ntawm Kimiagartoos Pharmaceutical Company hauv Iran.
Kev sim raws tu qauv
Cov tsiaj txhu tau muab faib ua tsib pawg suav nrog 1) kais dej; 2) dej nrog fructose 10 feem pua; 3) dej nrog fructose 10 feem pua ntxiv rau qab zib almond roj thiab muab intraperitoneally; 4) dej nrog fructose10 feem pua ntxiv rau eugenol 50 mg / kg / d (17) yaj hauv qab zib almond roj thiab muab tshuaj intraperitoneally; 5) dej nrog fructose10 feem pua ntxiv rau eugenol 100 mg / kg / d (17) yaj hauv qab zib almond roj thiab muab tshuaj intraperitoneally. Cov nas saum toj no tau noj cov dej saturated nrog fructose rau 60 hnub (18). Tom qab 30 hnub, nyob rau hnub tom qab, eugenol thiab almond roj txhaj tshuaj pib rau lub sijhawm 30 hnub. Thoob plaws hauv kev tshawb fawb, txhua txhua hnub tus tsiaj qhov hnyav tau txiav txim siab thiab sau npe. Ib hnub tom qab ua tiav kev tswj hwm, tshuaj loog nrog kev sib xyaw ntawm ketamine (75 mg / kg, intraperitoneally) thiab 10 mg / kg intraperitoneally xylazine tshwm sim thiab tom qab ntawd kuaj ntshav los ntawm lub plawv ntawm tus tsiaj.
Kev ntsuas
Kev siv Pars Azmoon cov khoom siv (los ntawm Iranian tuam txhab) cov qib ntshav creatinine (Cr), ntshav urea nitrogen (BUN), thiab proteinuria tau ntsuas ntau npaum li cas. Peb txiav txim siab nitrite oxide ruaj khov metabolite thiab qib nitrite hauv cov ntshav thiab supernatant ntawm Griess cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj ntsuam xyuas xim (ZellBio, Lub teb chaws Yelemees). Homogenized cov ntaub so ntswg supernatant thiab serum qib ntawm malondialdehyde (MDA) raug xam manually (19, 20). Ua ntej cov ntaub so ntswg staining, peb siv 10 feem pua formalin rau fixation thiab paraffin. Peb pleev xim cov ntaub so ntswg nrog hematoxylin-eosin staining ua ntej lawv kuaj. Tom qab ntawd ob tus kws kho mob tau soj ntsuam cov swb dig muag. Cov ntaub so ntswg pathology tau soj ntsuam los ntawm qhov vehemence ntawm distal tubular puas, pob tshablub raumcam khwb cia, wastages, thiab khib nyiab, flattening thiab demolition ntawm tubular cell, vacuolization, thiab widening tubular lumen thiab qhab nia ntawm 1 mus rau 4. Tag nrho cov qhab nia tau txiav txim siab raws liraumCov ntaub so ntswg puas qhab nia (KTDS) uas tau tshaj tawm txog 1 txog 4, thaum cov hlab ntsha uas tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj suav tias yog xoom cov qhab nia.
Kev txheeb cais
Los ntawm txhais tau tias ± SEM, cov ntaub ntawv tau tshaj tawm. Ib txoj kev tsom xam ntawm qhov sib txawv (ANOVA) tau siv rau hauv kev tshuaj xyuas yog tias MDA, nitrite, Cr, BUN kuaj cov txiaj ntsig, thiabraumhnyav. Tom qab ntawd qhov kev xeem ntawv hoc Tukey kuj tau ua tiav. Kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov txiaj ntsig histopathological tau ua nrog Kruskal-Wallis thiab Mann-Whitney U kev xeem. Peb tau thov SPSS version 16th rau kev txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv. P tus nqi qis dua 0.05 tau cogitated tseem ceeb txheeb cais.
Cov txiaj ntsig
Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov tsiaj hauv ntau pawg tau pom qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov pab pawg tau txais fructose ntxiv rau pawg dej kais dej (P<0.05). treatment="" with="" eugenol="" significantly="" reduces="" body="" weight="" in="" comparison="" to="" fructose="" ones=""><0.05) as="" revealed="" in="" figure="" 1a.="" it="" should="" be="" noted="" that="" the="" mean="" left="">raumqhov hnyav hauv cov pab pawg sib txawv tsis pom qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb (Daim duab 1B).
Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias qhov induction ntawm metabolic syndrome hauv qab nolub raumKev raug mob tau nce qib BUN thiab Cr qib hauv fructose hauv kev sib piv nrog cov kais dej (P<0.001). applying="" eugenol="" at="" dosages="" of="" 50="" and="" 100="" resulted="" in="" a="" significant="" reduction="" in="" serum="" bun="" and="" cr="" levels="" in="" comparison="" with="" the="" fructose="" group=""><0.05). these="" two="" administrations="" of="" eugenol="" (50="" and="" 100="" mg/kg/d)="" have="" the="" same="" effects="" on="" bun="" and="" cr="" levels="" (figure="" 1c="" and="" d).="" the="" mean="" serum="" nitrite="" and="" mda="" levels="" did="" not="" display="" any="" significant="" differences="" amongst="" the="" studied="" groups="" (figure="" 1a="" and="" b).="" however,="" the="">raumqib ntawm MDA thiab nitrite nce ntxiv nrog rau kev cuam tshuam ntawm metabolic syndrome hauv pawg fructose, thiab kev kho mob nrog koob tshuaj 50 eugenol txo qis MDA qib (P<0.05) as="" shown="" in="" figure="" 2c="" and="" d.="" on="" the="" other="" hand,="" the="" levels="" of="">lub raumnitrite ntawm cov pab pawg sib txawv tsis sib txawv heev (Daim duab 2). Tus nqi ntawm cov zis protein qhia pom tias lub raum puas tsuaj tom qab induction ntawm metabolic syndrome nyob rau hauv fructose piv rau kais dej pab pawg neeg (P<0.001) as="" shown="" in="" figure="" 3.="" it="" is="" noteworthy="" that="" treatment="" with="" eugenol="" did="" not="" affect="" the="" level="" of="" this="" factor="" with="" any="" of="" the="" used="" doses.="" tissue="" damage="" assessment="" by="" ktds="" among="" the="" groups="" suggests="" that="" the="" metabolic="" syndrome="" caused="" kidney="" damage="" p=""><0.01), but="" treatment="" with="" eugenol="" did="" not="" affect="" the="" ktds="" (figure="">
Kev sib tham
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb no qhialub raumkev raug mob tom qab induction ntawm metabolic syndrome. Txawm tias muaj kev txhim kho hauvlub raumkev ua haujlwm, yam xws li ntshav BUN thiab Cr qib los ntawm eugenol, KTDS, thiab proteinuria tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm kev kho mob nrog ntau hom eugenol.
Ntau cov kev tshawb fawb pom zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob antioxidant thiab tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm eugenol (1,16,21). Lawv cov ntaub ntawv tseem qhia tau hais tias eugenol ua tau zoo li dawb radical collector thiab txo oxidative kev nyuaj siab, lipid peroxidation, thiab txhim kho antioxidant tiv thaiv. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm lawv cov kev tshawb fawb qhia txog kev txhim kho hauv glutathione qib, superoxide dismutase, txo cov qog necrosis factor-alpha, thiab prostaglandin E2. Eugenol tuaj yeem txo MDA los ntawm kev txo qis lipid peroxidation. Yog li, cov teebmeem ntawm eugenol yog kev txhim kho ntawm cov enzymes antioxidant ua ke nrog txo cov inflammatory yam (15).
Lwm txoj kev tshawb fawb tau tshaj tawm tias eugenol txhim kho lub peev xwm antioxidant thiab arsenic trioxide-induced nephrotoxicity (21). Hauv qhov no, muaj pov thawj tias eugenol txhim kho gentamicin nephrotoxicity los ntawm kev kho oxidative kev nyuaj siab, khaws cov dawb radicals thiab txo qis peroxidation ntawm lipid, thiab txhim kho kev tiv thaiv antioxidant. Qhov tseeb, eugenol muaj nws tus kheej cov teebmeem los ntawm kev txhim kho lipid peroxidation, nce antioxidant tiv thaiv, nws thiaj li txhim kho cov ntaub so ntswg hypoxia (1).
Hauv qhov no, eugenol los ntawm nws pawg hydroxyphenyl tshem tawm cov hluav taws xob los ntawm cov dawb radicals thiab tiv thaiv oxidation ntawm Fe2 ntxiv los ntawm H2O2. Yog li ntawd, nws txo qis radical thiab H ntau lawm, uas pib nrog lipid peroxidation. Kuj tseem muaj cov laj thawj uas eugenol txo cytokines los ntawm inhibiting cyclooxygenase II thiab inhibits cell proliferation (1).
Garud thiab al qhia txog cov teebmeem ntawm eugenol ntawm ntshav qab zib nephropathy. Lawv tau pom tias eugenol ntawm koob tshuaj 5 thiab 10 mg / kg rau 28 hnub txo qis cov noob qhia txog kev hloov pauv kev loj hlob-beta 1 (TGF- 1) qib thiab txhim kho cov ntaub so ntswg puas hauv cov nas mob ntshav qab zib (22).
Xaus
Peb cov txiaj ntsig tseem qhia tau tias kev txhim kho BUN, Cr, thiab txo qis hauv lipid peroxidation, txawm hais tias eugenol koob tshuaj siv hauv txoj kev tshawb no tsis txo cov proteinuria thiab KTDS. Qhov kev tshawb pom no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov koob tshuaj uas siv los yog lawv lub sijhawm.
Cov neeg sau ntawv koom tes
TS thiab FK tau npaj, coj, saib xyuas thiab tshuaj xyuas, thiab tshuaj xyuas qhov kev kawm thiab npaj thawj daim ntawv sau tseg. HL, FK, AN, MJ, MS, thiab TS koom nrog kev khiav ntawm txoj kev kawm thiab sau cov ntaub ntawv. TS thiab FK tau koom nrog hauv cov ntawv sau thiab kho cov kab lus. Txhua tus kws sau ntawv tau koom nrog hauv kev npaj cov ntawv kawg ntawm cov ntawv sau, kho cov ntawv sau, thiab tshuaj xyuas cov ntsiab lus kev txawj ntse. Txhua tus kws sau ntawv tau nyeem thiab pom zoo cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntawv sau thiab lees paub qhov tseeb lossis kev ncaj ncees ntawm ib feem ntawm txoj haujlwm.
Kev tsis sib haum xeeb
Cov kws sau ntawv tshaj tawm tias lawv tsis muaj kev sib tw nyiam.
Kev ncaj ncees teeb meem
Txoj kev tshawb no tau lees paub los ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees ntawm Zahedan UniversityofMedical Sciences. Raws li kev sim, cov txheej txheem tau pom zoo kom ua raws li cov lus qhia ntawm Tsiaj Ethics Committee ntawm Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (IR. ZAUMS.REC.1397.258). Txoj kev tshawb no tau muab rho tawm los ntawm MD thesis ntawm Fatemeh Kourkinejad ntawm University (Thesis #1397-8997). Tsis tas li ntawd, cov teeb meem kev coj ncaj ncees (xws li plagiarism, kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv, kev tshaj tawm ob zaug) tau pom zoo los ntawm cov kws sau ntawv.
Nyiaj txiag/Kev pab
Cov kev tshawb fawb tau lees paub los ntawm Zahedan University of Medical Sciences (Grant #8997).
1 Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
2 Pawg Neeg Tshawb Fawb Kev Tshawb Fawb, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
3 Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Kho Mob, Department of Physiology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
4 Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
Cov ntaub ntawv
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