Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev nyuaj siab thiab kev paub txog kev txhim kho kev ua ub no ntawm cov tsoos suav tshuaj ntsuab Cistanche
Mar 06, 2022
Hu rau: Audrey Hu Whatsapp / hp: 0086 13880143964 Email:audrey.hu@wecistanche.com
Dongfang Wang, 1 Haizhen Wang, 2 thiab Li Gu2
1. Taw qhia
Kev nyuaj siab thiab kev puas siab puas ntsws cuam tshuam nrog kev kwv yees li ntawm 12-17 feem pua ntawm cov pej xeem uas muaj tsawg kawg ib ntu hauv lub neej, yog cov ua rau muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab raug suav tias yog ib qho teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv thoob ntiaj teb [1]. Ntawm qhov tseem ceeb, feem ntau ntawm cov neeg mob uas muaj kev nyuaj siab raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev tsis nco qab, teeb meem kev xav, tsis muaj zog lossis qaug zog, tsis txaus siab lossis txaus siab rau kev nyiam ua haujlwm, nyuaj pw tsaug zog, sawv ntxov sawv ntxov, lossis pw tsaug zog ntau dhau. Txawm hais tias cov neural substrates rau kev txawv txav hauv kev nyuaj siab thiab lwm yam mob tsis meej, nws feem ntau lees txais tias qhov cuam tshuam ntawm neuroplasticity thiab cellular resilience ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev nyuaj siab thiab kev kho kom zoo yuav yog nyob ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm qib neurotransmitter [2]. Txoj hauv kev rau kev siv tshuaj kho kev nyuaj siab yog qhov pib raws li classic monoamine system
hypothesis, uas hais tias dysregulation ntawm monoamines tshwj xeeb tshaj yog serotonin (5-HT) thiab norepinephrine (NE) pab txhawb rau kev nyuaj siab pathogenesis, thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov neurotransmitter system nrog dopamine agonists thiab dopamine-noradrenergic modulators yuav alleviate cov tsos mob ntawm kev nyuaj siab loj. kev ntxhov siab [3]. Txawm hais tias tau sau dav dav, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob kev noj qab haus huv yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg thiab cov kev mob tshwm sim tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej vim tias feem ntau ntawm cov neeg mob tsis teb rau cov kev tswj hwm monoamine [4]. Tsis ntev los no, cov kev xav tshiab ntawm kev nyuaj siab pathogenesis qhia tau hais tias ntau lub tshuab, suav nrog txoj hauv kev inflammatory, txoj kev oxidative kev nyuaj siab, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, metabolic thiab bioenergetics system, neurotrophic txoj hauv kev, glutamate system, opioid system, thiab cov kab mob cholinergic, zoo sib xws nrog kev nyuaj siab tshwm sim [3]. Cov pov thawj qhia tau hais tias ntau lub hom phiaj kev cuam tshuam ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua li ib qho kev cuam tshuam ib leeg [5]. Cov kev kho tshiab raws li ntau qhov kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm txoj kev xav tau sai sai.
Cov khoom lag luam tshuaj ntsuab tau tshaj tawm tau siv ntau dua li ib nrab ntawm Asmeskas cov pej xeem [6]; kev txaus siab thiab xav tau tshuaj ntsuab lossis tshuaj ntsuab raws li ib txoj hauv kev kho kev nyuaj siab tau loj hlob thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Ntau cov nroj tsuag kho mob tau pom los ua kom pom kev nyuaj siab-relieving cov txiaj ntsig zoo. Cov tshuaj ntsuab uas tau tshaj tawm tias muaj cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev nyuaj siab thiab txhim kho kev txawj ntse muaj xws li hiav txwv buckthorn [7], Ginkgo biloba [8], Piper nigrum [9], Hypericum perforatum [10], Griffonia simplicifolia [11]. Kev tswj hwm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ferulic acid thiab piperine tau pom muaj kev sib koom ua ke los tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab zoo li cov nas los ntawm kev tswj hwm cov kab ke monoaminergic [7]. Albiflorin yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev xaiv siab rau cov neurotransmitter receptors thiab transporters thiab ua rau muaj zog ntxiv ntawm cov cellular ntau ntxiv ntawm 5-HT thiab NE hauv hypothalamus ntawm cov nas txav dawb [12]. Ib qho tshuaj ntsuab kho mob Melissa officinalis L. relieved kev nyuaj siab-kev coj cwj pwm ntawm nas los ntawm exerting lub cawv ntawm lub serotonergic neurotransmitter theem [13]. Cov tshuaj ntsuab los yog decoctions, tsim los ua lwm txoj hauv kev rau kev nyuaj siab, pab txo cov tsos mob ntawm kev nyuaj siab thiab muab qhov chaw tshiab rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab.Tshuaj ntsuab Cistanchehom, muab faib rau hauv cov av qhuav thiab cov suab puam sab qaum teb ntawm Tuam Tshoj, yog cov tshuaj suav tshuaj suav tshuaj thiab dav siv los kho ntau yam kab mob rau ntau tshaj 1,000 xyoo hauv Suav teb. Ntau yam kev ua tau zoo ntawmtshuaj ntsuab Cistanchedecoction ranges ntawm aphrodisiac [14], tiv thaiv kab mob [15], antioxidative [16], thiab hepatoprotective [17] zog. C. deserticola decoctions induce lub testicular steroidogenic enzymes [18], txhawb noov erectile teb, thiab ua kom lub sij hawm latency ntawm erectile cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv castrated nas [19].Tshuaj ntsuab Cistanchetau tshaj tawm tias inhibit qhov kev ua ntawm dopaminergic neurons los ntawm kev tswj cov inhibitory apoptosis noob thiab neurotrophic yam [20]. C. tubulosa decoctions kho qhov kev paub tsis meej tshwm sim los ntawm A 1-42 los ntawm kev thaiv cov amyloid deposition thiab revived lub cholinergic thiab hippocampal dopaminergic neuronal muaj nuj nqi [21]. Cov cuab yeej neuroprotective ntawmTshuaj ntsuab Cistancheimplies lub peev xwm kho nyob rau hauv cov kab mob kev txawj ntse. Kev nyuaj siab yog ib hom kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev xav nrog kev tsis nco qab thiab kev paub tsis meej raws li cov tsos mob tshwm sim [22].Tshuaj ntsuab Cistanchefeem ntau yog siv los ua tshuaj suav tshuaj los kho qhov tsis nco qab; Tsis tas li ntawd, ib daim ntawv tshaj tawm tsis ntev los no qhia tau hais tias ib tug neeg laus pib thawj coj ntawm pob kws ntxiv nrog C. tubulosa yog qhov zoo rau kev txhawb nqa lub neej ntev thiab olfactory-associated kawm thiab nco txhim kho hauv cov qauv nonvertebrate Drosophila [23]. Cov lus tseeb no qhia txog kev paub txog kev txhim kho cov cuab yeej ntawm tshuaj ntsuab Cistanche; ntawm no hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb no, thawj zaug peb tau qhia txog cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab thiab nws txoj kev sib raug zoo rau kev paub txog kev txhim kho kev ua ub no hauv cov tsiaj txhu los ntawm kev tswj hwm cov kab ke monoamine thiab HPA axis. Illuminating cov cuab yeej antidepressant thiab cov txheej txheem ua ntej ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuab Cistanche tuaj yeem nthuav dav daim ntawv thov spectrum ntawmtshuaj ntsuab Cistanche, uas tuaj yeem tsim los ua lwm txoj hauv kev rau kev nyuaj siab.
2. Cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem
2.1. Cog Khoom thiab Decoction Kev Npaj. C. deserticola YC
Ma tau txais los ntawm Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, Tuam Tshoj; C. tubulosa tau txais los ntawm Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Tuam Tshoj. Ua ntej decoction, cov tshuaj ntsuab (C. deserticola YCMa los yog C. tubulosa) raug tshuaj xyuas kom paub cov ntsiab lus ntawm echinacoside thiab verbascoside siv HPLC (kev ua haujlwm siab ua kua chromatography) (Milford, MA, Waters, USA), thiab cov khoom tsim nyog (raws li mus rau Pharmacopoeia ntawm Tib Neeg Lub Tebchaws Tuam Tshoj) tau siv rau kev sim tsiaj. Cov decoction tau txais los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm cov dej vaporing tsim los ntawm Food and Health Engineering Research Center of State Education Ministry, Sun Yat-sen University. Qhuav Cistanche deserticola YCMa ntawm 125 g yog smashed thiab sieved los ntawm 120-mesh screen thiab ces hmoov yog yaj nyob rau hauv 3 L ultrapure dej, rhuab.
ntawm 100∘C rau 2 h, ces txias mus rau chav tsev kub, thiab sieved; tus supernatant tau rov siv dua. Tom qab ntawd cov sediment tau yaj hauv 2 L ultrapure dej thiab tom qab ntawd rhaub rau 1.5 teev thiab txias raws li tau hais los saum toj no kom rov ua dua lub supernatant; Tom qab ntawd cov sediment tau siv los rov ua dua cov supernatant. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm tag nrho cov supernatant yog enriched los ntawm rotary nqus evaporators ntawm 60∘C; Thaum kawg cov tshuaj crude concentration tau teem li 0.5 g / ml thiab cov khoom tau khaws cia ntawm −20∘C.
2.2. Echinacoside thiab Verbascoside Assay los ntawm HPLC Analy-sis.
HPLC (high-performance kua chromatography) tau siv los ntsuas qhov zoo thiab qhov ntsuas ntawm echinacoside thiab verbascoside; verbascoside (purity> 93 feem pua) thiab echinacoside (purity> 93 feem pua) tau yuav los ntawm National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (Beijing, China) thiab siv raws li tus qauv tswj.
2.3. Kev Saib Xyuas Tsiaj Tsiaj thiab Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo.
Cov khoom siv me me yog SPF (tsis muaj kab mob tshwj xeeb) txiv neej Kunming nas hnyav 21∼25 grams, muab los ntawm Lub Chaw Kho Mob Kev Tshawb Fawb Tsiaj ntawm Guangdong Xeev. Cov tsiaj nyob hauv lub tawb yas (kaum ib lub tawb); Qhov chaw ib puag ncig tau teeb tsa xws li hauv qab no: av noo 40∼70 feem pua, chav sov 21 ± 1∘C, thiab 12 h: 12 h lub sijhawm tsaus ntuj. Txhua qhov kev sim tsiaj tau pom zoo los ntawm Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees Tsiaj ntawm Sun Yat-sen University.
2.4. Tail Suspension Test.
Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas tus Tsov tus tw tau ua tiav raws li cov txheej txheem piav qhia los ntawm Cryan li al. [24] nrog kev hloov me ntsis. Luv luv, nyob rau hnub 21, cov nas raug tshem tawm los ntawm tus Tsov tus tw siv cov hlau nplaum uas khi los ntawm nylon catheter, nrog lub taub hau ntawm qhov siab 50 hli los ntawm hauv pem teb. Cov nas tau dai rau ntawm tus nuv ntawm cov nplaum nplaum 10∼20 mm los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm nws tus Tsov tus tw thiab raug cais acoustic thiab visually cais los ntawm clapboards. Lub cev txav ntawm tus nas raug kaw thiab kev ua pa ua pa tsis pom zoo. Ua ntej hnub ntawm kev sim, cov nas raug ncua rau 8 min rau kev hloov pauv.
3. Cov txiaj ntsig
3.1. Kev txiav txim siab cov ntsiab lus ntawm Cov Khoom Tseem Ceeb Bioactive hauv C. deserticola YCMa thiab C. tubulosa Cov Qauv. Cov phenylethanoid glycosides xws li echinacoside thiab verbascoside feem ntau suav hais tias yog cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb bioactive; li no cov ntsiab lus ntawm echinacoside thiab verbascoside nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si C. deserticola YCma thiab C. tubulosa kuaj tau txiav txim los ntawm HPLC. HPLC chromatograms tau pom hauv daim duab 1, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm phenylethanoid glycosides los ntawm C. deserticola YCMa yog kwv yees li ob zaug ntawm C. tubulosa. Echinacoside thiab verbascoside hnyav, raws li, tus account rau 1.27 ± 0.009 feem pua thiab 0.52 ± 0. {21}}3 feem pua ntawm cov hmoov npaj los ntawm C. deserticola YCMa thiab 19.81 ± 0.66 feem pua thiab 2.45 ± 0.12 feem pua ntawm cov hmoov npaj los ntawm C. tubulosa. Echinacoside thiab verbascoside hnyav, feem, account rau 0.90 ± 0.001 feem pua thiab 0.20 ± 0.001 feem pua ntawm C. deserticola YCMa decoction thiab 5.90 ± 0.12 feem pua thiab 0.505 ± 0.50 feem pua ntawm cov hmoov npaj los ntawm C. tubulosa (Table 1).
3.2. Decoction ntawm C. deserticola YCMa thiab C. tubulosa Alleviated The Stress and Depression Level. Tail suspension test (TST) yog ib txoj hauv kev sai thiab classic los ntsuas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov tshuaj hauv nas [24]; Hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb no, cov xwm txheej tsis muaj zog, tshwm sim los ntawm lub sijhawm luv luv thiab tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab ntawm kev raug tshem tawm los ntawm tus Tsov tus tw, tau siv los ua qhov zoo rau kev xav txog kev nyuaj siab ntawm cov nas. Peb tau kuaj xyuas seb qhov decoction ntawm C. deserticola YCMa thiab C. tubulosa puas tuaj yeem thim rov qab qhov tsis muaj zog thiab txhawb nqa qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev khiav tawm ntawm tus cwj pwm. Piv nrog rau cov pab pawg tswj, lub sij hawm immobility ntawm pab pawg neeg kev ntxhov siab tau nce 27.4 feem pua; piv rau pawg kev ntxhov siab, cov pab pawg tau kho nrog nruab nrab, siab concentration ntawm C. deserticola YCma tshuaj ntsuab decoction pom qhov txo qis ntawm immobility txhua lub sij hawm los ntawm 44.1 feem pua thiab 56.1 feem pua; cov pab pawg kho nrog nruab nrab, siab concentration ntawm
C. tubulosa tshuaj ntsuab decoction tau pom qhov txo qis ntawm lub sijhawm tsis muaj zog ntawm txhua qhov los ntawm 41.9 feem pua thiab 47.7 feem pua (Daim duab 2). Cov txiaj ntsig no qhia tau hais tias decoction ntawm C. deserticola YCMa thiab C. tubulosa tuaj yeem txo qhov kev ntxhov siab thiab kev nyuaj siab ntawm cov nas, thiab C. deserticola YCMa decoction tau pom tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua li C. tubulosa decoction.
3.3. Decoction ntawm C. deserticola YCMa thiab C. tubulosa Txhim kho qhov kev kawm Spatial thiab nco txog nas. Cov tib neeg (ob leeg hluas thiab cov neeg laus) muaj kev nyuaj siab nyuaj siab yuav raug kev txom nyem kev kawm [28]; decoction ntawm C. deserticola YCMa thiab C. tubulosa tau ua pov thawj los txo cov kev ntxhov siab thiab kev nyuaj siab; Tom qab ntawd peb tau xaiv los soj ntsuam seb qhov decoction ntawm C. deserticola YCMa thiab C. tubulosa tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev kawm spatial thiab kev nco los ntawm kev siv Morris dej maze qauv, uas yog siv dav hauv kev ntsuas kev kawm spatial thiab nco ua haujlwm ntawm thaj tsam ntawm lub hlwb [29] . Txoj kev taug kev tau muab faib ua plaub thaum lub sijhawm tshawb nrhiav latency; txoj kab ncaj nraim qhia cov nas taw qhia txog kev cawm lub platform txoj hauj lwm, ib qho kev nyiam trajectory qhia tau hais tias cov nas tau nthuav tawm ib qho kev taw qhia txoj cai, thiab cov edgy hom trajectory pom tias cov nas yog nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm kawm thaum ntxov los yog raug kev txom nyem los ntawm dementia, sim ua. nrhiav lub hom phiaj qhov chaw raws li kev xav; random searching trajectory qhia tau hais tias nas muaj peev xwm tsis tshua muaj peev xwm ntawm qhov chaw thiab tshawb nrhiav qhov chaw aimlessly. Cov ntaub ntawv tau txais raws li cov txheej txheem.
Cov nyhuv ntawm C. deserticola YCMa thiab C. tubulosa decoctions ntawm qhov chaw kawm thiab kev nco muaj peev xwm ntawm kev txwv kev ntxhov siab rau nas yog pom nyob rau hauv daim duab 3. Tom qab qhov kev ntsuam xyuas tus Tsov tus tw, cov nas pom lub sij hawm ntev latency. Piv nrog rau pawg kev ntxhov siab, cov nas kho mob nruab nrab, ntau npaum li cas C. deserticola YCMa thiab qis, siab ntau npaum C. tubulosa decoction pom lub sijhawm luv latency; qhov zaus uas nas swam lub zais platform yog upregulated ho nyob rau hauv cov pab pawg neeg kho nrog nruab nrab, siab npaum li cas C. deserticola YCma decoction. Cov txiaj ntsig no qhia tau tias cov nas ntxhov siab tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev tswj hwm tshuaj ntsuab Cistanche decoction thiab nthuav tawm kev txhim kho ntawm kev kawm spatial thiab nco.
3.4. Decoction ntawm C. deserticola YCMa thiab C. tubulosa Down-tswj cov Monoamine Oxidase Kev Ua Haujlwm. MAO catalyzes oxidative deamination ntawm amines xws li tyramine, catecholamine, thiab 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) nyob rau hauv lub hlwb thiab peripheral cov ntaub so ntswg; inhibition ntawm MAO kev ua ub no ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev nyuaj siab [30]. Peb nrhiav kev piav qhia txog cov nyhuv antidepressant los ntawm C. deserticola YCMa thiab C. tubulosa; ces qhov kev ua MAO hauv lub hlwb raug txiav txim. Tom qab qhov kev ntsuam xyuas tus Tsov tus tw raug tshem tawm, MAO kev ua haujlwm tau raug kho kom zoo; MAO kev ua haujlwm hauv cov pab pawg tau kho nrog tus Tsov tus tw ncua thiab tom qab ntawd ua raws li qhov nruab nrab, ntau npaum li cas
decoction los ntawm C. deserticola YCma pom qhov poob qis los ntawm kwv yees li 13.9 feem pua ∼12.3 feem pua ; MAO kev ua haujlwm hauv cov pab pawg tau kho nrog tus Tsov tus tw raug tshem tawm thiab tom qab ntawd kev siv tshuaj ntau ntau los ntawm C. tubulosa pom qhov poob qis los ntawm 13.2 feem pua (Daim duab 4). Cov ntaub ntawv tau nthuav tawm tias decoction los ntawm ob qho tib si C. deserticola YCMa thiab C. tubulosa tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm ntawm MAO thiab tuaj yeem ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
cov nyhuv, thiab decoction ntawm C. deserticola YCma tau pom tias muaj kev ua tau zoo dua li ntawm C. tubulosa.
3.5. Kev tswj hwm ntawm C. deserticola YCMa thiab C. tubulosa Decoction tau tshwm sim hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm Central Dopamine Concentration thiab downregulation ntawm Serum Corticosterone Concentration. Qib ntawm DA thiab NE hauv lub
Central paj hlwb tau ntsuas los txiav txim siab lub paj hlwb excitability. Tom qab 4 lub lis piam ntawm tus Tsov tus tw ncua kev xeem, piv rau cov kev ntxhov siab ntawm pawg, DA theem ntawm pab pawg kho mob me me C. deserticola YCma tau upregulated ho ntau los ntawm 43.5 feem pua; DA theem ntawm cov pab pawg tau kho nrog cov tshuaj me me C. tubulosa tau kho kom zoo, thiab (Daim duab 5(a)). Cov theem ntawm NE tau raug kho me ntsis hauv cov pab pawg uas tau kho nrog cov tshuaj decoction ntawm ob qho tshuaj ntsuab piv rau pawg kev ntxhov siab, thiab tsis pom qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv (Daim duab 5(b)). Cov txiaj ntsig no tuaj yeem piav qhia txog cov txheej txheem molecular ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuab Cistanche.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH), polypeptide hormone tsim thiab tso tawm los ntawm cov qog pituitary anterior pituitary, txhawb kev tso tawm ntawm glucocorticosteroid los ntawm kev ua ntawm adrenal cortex, zona fasciculata [31]; corticosterone, ib qho tshuaj steroid uas tsim los ntawm cortex ntawm cov qog adrenal, koom nrog kev tswj hwm ntawm lub cev muaj zog xws li kev txhawb zog, kev tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab kev ntxhov siab [32], yog li peb tau xaiv los kawm txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm tshuaj ntsuab decoction ntawm HPA axis. Thiab ACTH thiab corticosterone concentration hauv cov ntshav tau ntsuas. Tom qab 4 lub lis piam ntawm tus Tsov tus tw ncua kev xeem, ACTH thiab corticosterone concentration ntawm pawg kev ntxhov siab tau raug kho kom zoo (Daim duab 6). Tsis muaj kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv cov tshuaj ntsuab Cistanche decoction kho cov pab pawg piv rau pawg kev ntxhov siab (Daim duab 6(a)). Piv nrog rau pawg kev ntxhov siab, cov corticosterone cov ntshav concentration ntawm cov pab pawg kho mob nruab nrab, ntau npaum li cas C. deserticola YCma decoction yog downregulated ho; corticosterone concentration ntawm pawg kho nrog ntau npaum li cas C. tubulosa tau downregulated tab sis tsis mus rau ib tug tseem ceeb statistical sib txawv C. deserticola YCMa thiab C. tubulosa yuav txo tau cov corticosterone serum concentration thiab tej zaum yuav muaj kev koom tes nyob rau hauv regulating HPA axis, thiab decoction ntawm C. deserticola YCma tau pom qhov ua tau zoo dua li ntawm C. tubulosa.
4. Kev sib tham
Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no, cov kev ua ub no los tiv thaiv kev nyuaj siab thiab txhim kho kev nco thiab kev kawm ntawm tshuaj ntsuab Cistanche tau raug txhais, uas yuav ua rau lub teeb tshiab ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuab Cistanche muaj nuj nqi thiab muab cov ntsiab lus nthuav dav rau kev siv tshuaj kho mob ntau yam. Cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los qhia tau hais tias tshuaj ntsuab Cistanche yog cov tshuaj suav ntau yam tshuaj nrog cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev laus, antioxidant, estrogenic, antiosteoporotic, aphrodisiac, thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob [33]. Tshuaj ntsuab Cistanche tau raug lees paub tias yog kev kho mob raum tsis muaj zog, tsis muaj menyuam, thiab cem quav ntev (Pharmacopoeia Committee of China, 2010). Tshuaj ntsuab Cistanche decoction yog tsim los ntawm volatile roj, nonvolatile phenylethanoid glycosides (PeGs), iridoids, lignans, alditols, oligosaccharides, thiab polysaccharides. Echinacoside thiab verbascoside feem ntau pom tias yog cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb bioactive [34]. Muaj plaub hom Cistanche tseem ceeb suav nrog C. deserticola YCMa, C. tubulosa, Cistanche Sinensis G. Beck, thiab Cistanche salsa var. albiflorashi et al. [35]; peb xaiv C. deserticola YCMa thiab C. tubulosa ua peb tus qauv los txiav txim siab PeGs cov ntsiab lus, thiab C. deserticola YCMa muaj cov ntsiab lus siab dua ntawm PeGs (Daim duab 1), uas yuav piav qhia txog qhov ua tau zoo dua ntawm C. deserticola YCMa. Cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb bioactive txiav txim siab qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuab Cistanche.
Cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los qhia tau hais tias cov khoom siv tshuaj ntsuab Cistanche tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev kho cov kab mob neurodegenerative los ntawm kev txhim kho paj hlwb (NGF) hauv hippocampus ntawm nas [36, 37], tab sis tsis muaj kev tshawb fawb tau tshaj tawm txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab thiab kev paub txog kev kawm ntawm tshuaj ntsuab Cistanche hauv cov tsiaj cov qauv. Hauv txoj kev tshawb no, tshuaj ntsuab Cistanche decoction tau ua pov thawj tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los txo qis kev ntxhov siab thiab ua kom muaj kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus Tsov tus tw raug tshem tawm (Daim duab 2) thiab txhim kho qhov kev kawm spatial thiab kev nco muaj peev xwm hauv cov dej maze qauv (Daim duab 3). Lin et al. ua pov thawj tias cov tshuaj ntsuab Cistanche txhim kho lub olfactory-nco nco nyob rau hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo-fly qauv [23]; peb tsom peb cov kev tshawb fawb txog cov nyhuv antidepressant thiab tau txais ib qho qauv tsiaj sib txawv; Cov txiaj ntsig tau ua pov thawj tias cov tshuaj ntsuab Cistanche tau txhim kho ntau hom kev paub txog kev txawj ntse, uas yog, qhov muaj peev xwm kawm tau ntawm cov nas. Raws li txoj kev xav monoamine, qhov kev ntxhov siab thiab kev nyuaj siab yog txuas nrog rau lub hlwb ntawm cov monoamine neurotransmitters, xws li DA, NE, 5-HT, thiab epinephrine [38]. Thiab peb pom tias cov tshuaj ntsuab Cistanche decoction tuaj yeem ua rau MAO kev ua si (Daim duab 4) thiab txhawb nqa lub hauv paus DA concentration (Daim duab 5(a)). Kuj ceeb tias, lub hauv paus 5-HT concentration tau downregulated los ntawm tshuaj ntsuab Cistanche decoction kho (cov ntaub ntawv tsis qhia), vim hais tias yav dhau los kev tshawb fawb pom tau hais tias qhov txo qis hauv nruab nrab 5-HT kev ua si yog txuam nrog kev nyuaj siab [39]. Dysregulation ntawm hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev nyuaj siab [40], kev cuam tshuam nrog glucocorticoid receptor (GR) system ua tiav rov qab cov kev nyuaj siab phenotype hauv nas [41], thiab peb pom tias tshuaj ntsuab Cistanche txo qis hauv cov ntshav.
concentration ntawm CORT (Daim duab 6(b)). Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov kab ke monoamine thiab HPA axis ob qho tib si pab txhawb rau cov nyhuv antidepressant ntawm tshuaj ntsuab Cistanche. echinacoside tuaj yeem hla cov ntshav-hlwb thaiv kev ywj pheej thiab ua raws li lub hauv paus paj hlwb [42], uas yuav piav qhia vim li cas cov tshuaj ntsuab Cistanche decoction muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab. Thawj zaug, peb qhia txog cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab thiab nws txoj kev sib raug zoo rau kev paub txog kev txhim kho kev ua ub no hauv tus qauv nas, thiab cov txheej txheem ua ntej tau tshawb nrhiav. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem ntawm cov cuab yeej tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab ntawm Cistanche tsis tau qhia meej txog qib molecular, thiab kev tshawb fawb ntxiv yog xav tau los piav qhia txog cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv kev nyuaj siab ntawm tshuaj ntsuab Cistanche.
Xav tias cov tshuaj ntsuab Cistanche decoction yog cov sib xyaw ua ke, tej zaum yuav muaj ntau txoj hauv kev ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuab Cistanche decoction exerting cov nyhuv antidepressant thiab txhawb kev kawm muaj peev xwm. Kev ntxhov siab Oxidative cuam tshuam rau ntau lub cellular zog ntawm neurons, thiab overproduction ntawm reactive oxygen hom (ROS) ua rau cell puas, apoptosis, thiab tuag [43]. Echinacoside muab rho tawm los ntawm stems ntawm C. salsa nthuav tawm cov nyhuv neuroprotective los ntawm kev txo qis ntawm ROS thiab mitochondria-mediated apoptosis [44]; acteoside, ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob muaj zog heev, tej zaum yuav muaj feem cuam tshuam rau cov nyhuv neuroprotective [45]. Dhau li ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm decoction, daim ntawv thov ntawm cov tshuaj niaj hnub xws li kev tswj kev tso tawm glycoside capsules tuaj yeem txhawb cov nyhuv ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuab decoction, vim tias cov khoom xyaw bioactive tuaj yeem zom thiab degraded los ntawm txoj hnyuv [37].
5. Cov lus xaus
Hauv txoj kev tshawb no, peb pom tias decoctions ntawm C. deserticola
YCMa thiab C. tubulosa tau nthuav tawm cov nyhuv antidepressant thiab txhim kho kev kawm spatial thiab kev nco muaj peev xwm hauv tus qauv nas, thiab decoctions ntawm C. deserticola YCMa thiab C. tubulosa muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau HPA axis;
C. deserticola YCma tau pom tias muaj kev ua haujlwm tshuaj muaj zog dua. C. deserticola thiab C. tubulosa tuaj yeem tuav lub peev xwm ntawm kev tsim los ua lwm txoj kev kho tshuaj rau kev nyuaj siab.
Cov ntaub ntawv
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