Targeting Inflamation By Anthocyanins Raws li Novel Therapeutic Potential for Chronic Disease: Ib Qhov Hloov Kho 2

Thov niasoscar.xiao@wecistanche.comyog xav paub ntxiv

7. Kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam ntawm Anthocyanin Interventions—Ib qho hloov tshiab los ntawm 5 xyoo dhau los

Anthocyanins tau nthuav dav los ntawm cov pov thawj preclinical raws li cov khoom sib txuas nrog cov kev tswj hwm kev noj qab haus huv ntawm LGCI uas tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv lossis ncua kev pib mob qog noj ntshav, ntshav qab zib, Alzheimer's kab mob, hlab plawv, pulmonary, thiab kab mob autoimmune, tab sis cov pov thawj hauv tib neeg tseem txwv. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau qhov kev sim ntsuas randomized tau ua tsis ntev los no. Lawv feem ntau tsom mus rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm anthocyanins thiab lawv cov kev cuam tshuam rau cov hlab plawv thiab kev paub txog kev ua haujlwm hauv cov neeg noj qab haus huv thiab cov kab mob ntev (Cov Lus Qhia Ntxiv S1). rau lub luag hauj lwm ntawm ntxiv anthocyanin intakes nyob rau hauv lub manifestation ntawm o nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si kab mob thiab noj qab haus huv kev kawm.

Thov nias ntawm no kom paub ntxiv

7.1.Anthocyanins thiab Inflamation Markers Metabolic Disorders

Cov kab mob qis qis yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob plawv (CVDs) thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev pib thiab kev loj hlob ntawm CVDs tab sis kuj muaj feem xyuam rau lwm hom CVDs, xws li kub siab, thiab dyslipidemia, kab mob peripheral arterial, mob hlab ntsha tawg, thiab ischemic stroke. Cov kab mob no tseem yog qhov ua rau muaj mob hnyav thiab tuag thoob ntiaj teb [86,87]. Yog li ntawd, kev txheeb xyuas cov kev pheej hmoo hloov pauv tau thiab nkag siab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus ntuj uas tuaj yeem txo qis LGCI yuav ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv thiab kho MetS, T2DM, thiab rog rog.

Cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm anthocyanins ntawm MetS cov tib neeg tau tshawb xyuas dav.flavonoidsHauv kev sim tshuaj xyuas, cov neeg mob MetS uas tau noj cov zaub mov ntxiv nrog 320 mg ntawm anthocyanins rau plaub lub lis piam pom tau tias txo qis hauv cov ntshav qabzib ceev los ntawm 13 feem pua, triglyceride (TG) los ntawm 25 feem pua, thiab cov roj lipoprotein tsawg (LDL- C) los ntawm 33 feem pua ​​​​, thiab attenuations nyob rau hauv hs-CRP theem los ntawm 28 feem pua ​​ntawm cov poj niam, piv rau cov kev noj qab haus huv cov ntsiab lus [88]. Kev noj zaub mov ntxiv ntawm anthocyanins (320 mg / hnub) kuj tseem cuam tshuam nrog inhibiting kev qhia ntawm cov noob caj noob ces thiab cov xwm txheej ntsig txog NF-kB txoj hauv kev suav nrog TNF- x (los ntawm -28 feem pua ​​​​thiab -15 feem pua ​​) ,IL-6(-16.1 feem pua ​​thiab-13.6 feem pua),IL-1A (-21.5 feem pua ​​thiab-12. 9 feem pua), platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1(PCAM-1)(-15 feem pua ​​thiab -17.5 feem pua), thiab COX-2({{ 31}} feem pua ​​​​thiab -27 feem pua ​​) hauv MetS thiab pawg tswj hwm, raws li [89]. NF-kB kev hloov pauv tau tswj hwm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob cov lus teb rau kev kis kab mob thiab oxidative kev nyuaj siab raws li tus neeg nruab nrab ntawm cov lus teb inflammatory.herba cistanchesKev ua haujlwm ntawm NF-kB ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev ua kom muaj kev sib haum xeeb, suav nrog inducible COX-2, iNOS, NO, IL-1, IL-6, TNF- , adhesion molecules, thiab chemokines [90]. Anthocyanin supplementation, uas tau pom tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov kab mob inflammatory cascade, tej zaum yuav muaj lub luag haujlwm hauv kev txhim kho cov tswv yim kho mob raws li NF-kB inhibition.

Cistanche tuaj yeem txhim kho kev tiv thaiv

Nyob rau hauv txoj kab nrog cov txiaj ntsig saum toj no, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm anthocyanins kuj tau tshaj tawm hauv kev sim randomized, cov tshuaj placebo tswj kev sim [91,92]. Kaum ob lub lis piam kev noj haus ntxiv nrog Acai txiv hmab txiv ntoo haus tau txo ob lub biomarkers rau o thiab oxidative kev nyuaj siab, plasma theem ntawm interferon-gamma (IFN-y), thiab zis theem ntawm 8-isoprostane hauv MetSindividuals [91]. Tsis tas li ntawd, Montmorency tart cherry kua txiv attenuated oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxyLDL) thiab soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM{11}}) protein, uas yog ze rau kev loj hlob ntawm ntau yam kev tiv thaiv kab mob [92 , 93] ib.

Kev tshawb fawb tam sim no muab kev sib txuas ntawm dyslipidemia thiab nce qib ntawm cov qib qis qis qis, xws li interleukin I-6, TNF- , thiab CRP [94].In a dose-response randomized control trial (RCT), {{ 5}}lub lim tiam anthocyanin supplementation yog qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws thiab ua tau zoo txhim kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidative thiab tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm kev txo cov ntshav ntawm IL-6 los ntawm 40 feem pua, TNF- los ntawm 21 feem pua, malondialdehyde (MDA) los ntawm 20 feem pua, zis 8-isoPGF2a los ntawm 37 feem pua, thiab 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine(8-OHdG) los ntawm 36 feem pua ​​thiab txhim kho T-SOD hauv cov tib neeg dyslipidemic. Kev noj tshuaj txhua hnub ntawm 320 mg yog qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws [95]. Nws kuj tau raug sau tseg zoo tias kev rog rog ua rau muaj kev zais ntawm cov neeg muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kev tswj hwm kev sib haum xeeb, nrog rau cytokines lossis chemokines [8]. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm anthocyanins kuj tau tshaj tawm hauv cov neeg mob rog lossis rog dhau ntawm kev cuam tshuam luv luv thiab ntev. Kev noj txhua hnub ntawm qhuav jucara pulp (~ 131.2 mg ntawm anthocyanins) rau 6 lub lis piam txo cov kab mob thiab cov protein qhia hauv monocytes hauv cov neeg mob rog [96]. Tsis tas li ntawd, tag nrho cov nplej ntshav qab zib (muaj tsis yog anthocyanins nkaus xwb tab sis kuj tseem muaj lwm yam phytochemicals thiab fiber) txo qis cov lus teb rau cov rog rog, qhov txo qis hauv IL-6 thiab TNF- tau pom [97]. Cov kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam tsis ntev los no uas tau txheeb xyuas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev noj zaub mov hnyav ntxiv nrog cov txiv pos nphuab tau tshaj tawm cov txiaj ntsig sib txawv txog IL-6 qib ntawm cov neeg mob hnyav thiab rog 198,99]. Txawm li cas los xij, tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv hais saum toj no zoo li siv cov tshuaj anthocyanins los ua ib qho cuab yeej tiv thaiv kev rog uas muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev mob plab.

Hauv 5 xyoo dhau los, tau muaj qee qhov kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam uas cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib ua ntej lossis T2DM tuaj yeem pab dawb tau ntxiv nrog cov khoom lag luam anthocyanin nplua nuj, thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov cuam tshuam rau ntshav qab zib thiab oxidative thiab inflammatory markers [67]. Tshaj li ntawm 4-lub lim tiam, anthocyanin supplementation tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov kab mob pro-inflammatory xws li IL-6, IL-18, thiab TNF- hauv T2DM cov neeg mob [100]. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov txiaj ntsig no ntxiv qhia tau tias cov tshuaj anthocyanins tuaj yeem pab tau rau hauv kev ua kom lub cev o los ntawm kev txo qis ntawm kev zais ntawm cov kab mob inflammatory biomarkers.

7.2.Anthocyanins thiab Inflamation Markers nyob rau hauv noj qab haus huv thiab lub cev active cov neeg.

Hais txog anthocyanins 'kev cuam tshuam ntawm lipid profile, o, thiab oxidative kev nyuaj siab, lawv cov nyhuv yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov neeg mob hyperlipidemic thiab rog dua li cov neeg noj qab haus huv. Qhov no tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tseeb tias cov neeg noj qab haus huv cov kev ntsuas ntsuas ntawm oxidative kev nyuaj siab thiab o yog qhov tsawg, ua rau nws nyuaj rau kev txheeb xyuas cov kev hloov pauv vim yog kev txhawb nqa anthocyanin. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau qhov kev sim tshuaj ntsuam xyuas qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm oxidative kev nyuaj siab biomarkers hauv cov khoom noj qab haus huv, uas tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua kom cov enzymes antioxidant thiab tag nrho cov peev xwm antioxidant [101-105].

Ntau yam tshuaj anthocyanin, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo xws li txiv pos nphuab, txiv pos nphuab, acai berries, raspberry, los yog lwm yam nroj tsuag rho tawm, tau siv rau cov tib neeg noj qab haus huv rau lawv cov teebmeem ntawm cov kab mob. De Lizet al. [102] txiav txim siab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tswj hwm ntawm acai kua txiv ntawm oxidative stress biomarkers hauv cov neeg laus noj qab haus huv. Oxidative stress tau soj ntsuam, suav nrog tag nrho cov peev xwm antioxidant (TAC) thiab oxidative stress index (OSI), qhov twg yog qhov sib npaug ntawm ob qho tib si enzymatic thiab nonenzymatic antioxidants, thiab OSI qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm antioxidant mechanisms thiab oxidant concentrations [106]Acaijuice hauv {{2. }}kev cuam tshuam lub limtiam txhawb kev nce hauv TACby 67 feem pua ​​thiab txo qis OSI los ntawm 56 feem pua ​​​​hauv cov neeg laus noj qab haus huv. Tsis tas li ntawd, anthocyanins los ntawm acai txhim kho erythrocytes catalase (CAT) thiab glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzyme kev ua piv rau cov hauv paus [102].lub neej extension cistancheInterestingly, cov concentration ntawm high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) los ntawm ze li ntawm 8 feem pua ​​​​tau pom, uas qhia tau hais tias cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev noj cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo acai rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov hlab plawv. Ib yam li ntawd, ib zaug ua ke ntawm anthocyanins thiab bromelain supplementation ntawm 18 cov neeg laus noj qab haus huv tau txhim kho TAC, oxygen utility peev, thiab brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) [105]. Cov txiaj ntsig no qhia tias kev noj tshuaj anthocyanin tuaj yeem yog kev kho mob zoo rau kev txhim kho vascular.

Lwm cov kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam tau ua nrog cov khoom noj uas muaj anthocyanin nplua nuj raws li qhov chaw ntawm anthocyanins. Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias qhov chaw ntuj tsim ntawm cov tshuaj no muaj ntau lwm yam tshuaj tiv thaiv xws li fiber ntau lossis lwm yam polyphenols. Ntxiv mus, phytochemicals thiab vitamins pom nyob rau hauv txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev sib koom ua ke lossis antagonistically nrog anthocyanins, yog li txhim kho lossis txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antioxidant ntawm cov tebchaw [21]. Hauv cov tib neeg noj qab haus huv, kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov kua mis nyeem qaub uas muaj cov anthocyanins los ntawm raspberry nplej (Oryza Sativa L.) ua kom cov ntshav ferric txo cov ntshav plasma (FRAP), Trolox equivalent antioxidant peev (TEAC), thiab oxygen radical absorbance peev (ORAC) thiab txo cov ntshav plasma. MDA, uas yog lub npe hu ua lipid peroxidation khoom [103].

Tsis yog tag nrho cov ntawv ceeb toom muab pov thawj ntawm cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm anthocyanin ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab oxidative kev ntxhov siab cov ntsiab lus hauv cov neeg noj qab haus huv. Qee lub sij hawm ntev randomized soj ntsuam cov ntaub ntawv qhia tau hais tias 60 mg / hnub ntxiv ntawm anthocyanins rau yim lub hlis ntawm cov poj niam postmenopausal ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau qib qabzib. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov kab mob inflammatory thiab antioxidant, xws li CRP, I-6, VCAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (IAM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein{{ 7}}(MCP-1), lossis matrix metalloproteinases 2(MMP-2) thiab MMP-9, tau pom [107]. Ib yam li ntawd, tsis muaj kev hloov pauv hauv plasma adiponectin, IL-6, IL-1 , MCP-1, TNFa, lossis CRP yog ob-

tau txais kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov neeg haus luam yeeb yav dhau los hauv 12-lub lim tiam, 500 mg Aronia extract supplementation. Txawm li cas los xij, kev txo qis hauv plasma tag nrho cov roj (TC) thiab LDL-C tau pom [108].

Kuj tseem muaj kev txaus siab rau cov khoom ntawm anthocyanins hauv kev hloov pauv ntawm cov txheej txheem o uas cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev. Muab cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yog kev ntxias kom xav tias kev noj dub currant nectar thaum lub sij hawm eccentric ce attenuates nqaij puas thiab o los ntawm kev txo creatine kinase (cov cim ntawm cov nqaij ntshiv) thiab zoo hloov nyob rau hauv ORAC thiab IL -6 concentrations [109].

7.3. Anthocyanins thiab Neuroinflamation

Nws paub zoo tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antioxidant tsis sib npaug hauv feem ntau cov kab mob neurological [17,110,111]. Anthocyanins yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv neuroprotective tshwj xeeb uas tau pom nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj los hloov kho neuroinflammation, thiab kev txaus siab rau lawv siv raws li kev kho mob rau neurodegeneration tau loj hlob nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no [111].

Hauv kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam tsis ntev los no, anthocyanins thiab lawv cov metabolites tau tshwm sim los ua kom txo qis kev xav hauv cov neeg laus, nrog rau me ntsis lossis tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov cim qhia. Ua Rosario et al. [112] tau qhia tias 8-lub limtiam kev noj tshuaj anthocyanins txo cov ntshav siab ntawm TNF- hauv cov neeg laus uas tau kuaj pom tias muaj kev puas hlwb me me (MCI). Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj lwm yam kev mob biomarkers tau pom. Nyob rau hauv lem, Kent et al. [113] soj ntsuam cov kev tiv thaiv ntawm 12-lub lim tiam noj ntawm 200 mL / hnub ntawm anthocyanins-nplua nuj cherry kua txiv uas muaj 138 mg ntawm anthocyanins rau cov neeg laus dua 70 xyoo nrog me me-rau-mob dementia. Cherry kua txiv txhim kho kev hais lus zoo, nco lub sijhawm luv, thiab nco mus ntev. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev noj cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo txhawb kev txo qis hauv systolic ntshav siab. Txawm li cas los xij, cov cim kab mob xws li CRP thiab IL-6 tsis tau hloov pauv. Ib yam li ntawd, blueberry extract (sib npaug li kwv yees li 387 mg ntawm anthocyanidins) noj rau 12 lub lis piam txhim kho kev ua haujlwm nco thiab paj hlwb perfusion hauv cov neeg laus noj qab haus huv [114].maca ginseng cistanche seahorseRaws li Kent et al.'s [113] cov txiaj ntsig, anthocyanins supplementation tsis cuam tshuam rau hsCRP. Txawm li cas los xij, txhua tus kws sau ntawv tau hais tias qhov kev cuam tshuam luv luv thiab cov neeg koom nrog tsawg yog cov kev txwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb tau hais los saum toj no.

7.4.Anthocyanins thiab lwm yam kab mob ua npaws qhia

Cov kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam tsis ntev los no kuj tau tshaj tawm cov teebmeem anthocyanin rau o ntawm cov neeg mob insomnia, mob raum kab mob, thiab cov neeg mob tom qab mob myocardial infarction [115-117]. Hauv kev tswj hwm cov placebo, crossover pilot txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov neeg mob insomnia, kev noj cov kua txiv cherry txhua hnub tau txo qis PGE-2 thiab qhia tias muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm enzyme indoleamine 2, 3 dioxygenase (IDO). Inhibition ntawm IDO tuaj yeem txo qhov mob [118].Ntxiv mus, lub sijhawm pw tsaug zog tau txuas ntxiv los ntawm 84 min ntawm cov neeg koom [117]. Interestingly, supplementation ntawm extruded sorghum noj tshais cereal ua ke nrog unfermented probiotic mis nyuj txo CRP thiab malondialdehyde serum qib thiab nce TAC thiab SOD enzyme theem nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob uas mob raum, qhia tias anthocyanin thiab lwm yam phytochemicals yuav tiv thaiv los ntawm o thiab oxidative kev nyuaj siab nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob. pawg neeg mob [116]. Nyob rau hauv lem, kev tshawb pom los ntawm RCT qhia tias bilberries yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov neeg mob tom qab mob MI. Txawm li cas los xij, cov cim inflammatory xws li hs-CRP tsis hloov nrog bilberry supplementation [115].

8. Cov ntsiab lus

Tsawg-qib mob ntev yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob pathogenesis ntawm ntau cov kab mob ntev. Yog li, kev txheeb xyuas qhov kev pheej hmoo hloov pauv uas tuaj yeem txo qis LGCI yuav ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntev.

Cov lus piav qhia no piav qhia txog cov kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tiv thaiv oxidative lub luag haujlwm ntawm anthocyanins hauv kev noj qab haus huv thiab kab mob. Kev loj hlob ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb preclinical qhia nws cov nyhuv modulatory rau txoj kev mob.micronized purified flavonoid feem ntsiav tshuaj sivTxawm li cas los xij, kev txheeb xyuas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm anthocyanins ntawm qhov mob hauv qhov kev sim ntsuas randomized yog qhov nyuaj rau kev soj ntsuam. Cov pov thawj uas txhawb nqa ncaj qha los tiv thaiv lub luag haujlwm ntawm anthocyanins yog qhov tsis tshua muaj lossis tsis zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, nws txhawb tus sau-cyanins lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tswj kev mob. Tshaj li tsib xyoos dhau los, tsawg kawg 29 qhov kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam tau soj ntsuam kev sib raug zoo ntawm anthocyanins supplementation thiab o. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm RCIs thiab meta-analyses tau pom. Cov kev txwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kho mob tau nthuav tawm yog qhov ntev ntawm kev soj ntsuam, cov qauv me me, thiab ntau yam thiab ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov tshuaj anthocyanin uas tau siv. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias kev cuam tshuam ntawm anthocyanins tau tshawb xyuas ntau dua hauv kev kho cov txiaj ntsig metabolic. Tib neeg cov kev tshawb fawb tau tshaj tawm tias txo qis LDL-cholesterol thiab triglycerides thiab nce HDL cholesterol. Yog li, cov ntaub ntawv txhawb nqa lub luag haujlwm tsis ncaj thiab muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm anthocyanins hauv kev txhim kho LCGI.

Hais txog anthocyanins 'kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov cim inflammatory, yuav tsum muaj kev sim mus sij hawm ntev uas tso cai rau lub sij hawm ntev preclinical los yog kom muaj nuj nqis ntawm qhov mob. Kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej thiab kev cuam tshuam yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov kev lees paub ntawm kev txo qis ntawm cov cim inflammatory los ntawm cov tebchaw no nrog rau lwm cov kev tswj xyuas zoo xws li kev ua haujlwm ntawm plab microbiota, uas anthocyanin bioactivity nyob ntawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tswv yim los txhim kho cov txheej txheem los ntsuas lub plab microbiota qhov cuam tshuam rau bioavailability ntawm anthocyanins yog xav tau. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev nkag siab zoo dua ntawm lub luag haujlwm ntawm anthocyanins hauv qhov mob tuaj yeem tsis tuaj yeem tsim kom tiav yam tsis muaj kev paub txog cov teebmeem ntawm kev kho mob ntawm cov ntshiab anthocyanins.oteflavonoidLub synthesis ntawm ntshiab anthocyanins rau kev tshawb fawb lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb heev. Kev tshawb nrhiav kev txhais lus ntxiv yog tsim nyog kom nkag siab txog cov tshuaj pharmacological ntawm anthocyanins hauv tib neeg.

Qhov kev tshuaj xyuas tam sim no tuaj yeem kho cov kws kho mob thiab lwm tus kws kho mob hauv kev nkag siab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ob qho tib si ntxiv thiab cov khoom siv ntuj tsim ntawm anthocyanins hauv LGCI thiab cov xwm txheej ntawm cov neeg mob. Kev kho mob Anthocyanins raws li lub tswv yim kho ntuj, tsis muaj kev phiv, tuaj yeem sawv cev rau cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv thiab kho cov mob qis qis.

Cov khoom siv ntxiv:Cov hauv qab no muaj nyob online. Table S1: Cov ntsiab lus ntawm (A) kev sim tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov kev mob tshwj xeeb thiab (B) meta-analyses. Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj [119-124] raug muab tso rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv.

Tus sau kev koom tes:Conceptualization thiab methodology, TD; kev sau ntawv—kev npaj ua ntej, AK; sau ntawv- tshuaj xyuas thiab kho, TD Txhua tus kws sau ntawv tau nyeem thiab pom zoo rau cov ntawv luam tawm ntawm cov ntawv sau.

Nyiaj txiag:Qhov kev tshawb fawb no tsis tau txais nyiaj txiag sab nraud. Cov Lus Qhia Muaj Cov Ntaub Ntawv: Tsis siv tau.

Kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kev txaus siab:Cov kws sau ntawv tshaj tawm tsis muaj kev sib cav txog kev txaus siab.

Kab lus no yog muab rho tawm los ntawm Molecules 2021, 26, 4380. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26144380 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules