Kev Xaiv Thiab Tus Kheej Matching Ntawm Membrane Materials Thiab Lim Txoj Kev hauv Hemodialysis

Cov ntshav purifier daim nyias nyias yog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm hemodialysis. Nws yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm tus neeg mob cov ntshav thiab dialysate los tswj kev sib pauv hloov pauv. Los ntawm qhov kev xav no, cov khoom membrane yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj cov kev hloov pauv thiab hloov pauv cov ntshav-membrane kev sib cuam tshuam bioreactivity. Tam sim no, daim nyias nyias rau cov ntshav purifiers yuav luag tsuas yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm hollow fibers (piv txwv li, capillary fibers), ib tug tsim uas muaj pov thawj haum rau optimizing solute pauv ntawm cov ntshav thiab dialysate.

Nyem rau Cistanche rau mob raum

Cov ntshav purifier yog qhov thib ob ntawm kev sib pauv hemodialysis thiab sawv cev rau kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm qhov chaw sab hauv thiab sab nraud. Nws muaj cov npe sib txawv hauv cov ntshav purification sib txawv, xws li dialyzer, lim, plasma separator, thiab plasma tivthaiv sib cais. ntaus ntawv, perfusion ntaus ntawv / adsorber, immunoadsorption kem, bilirubin adsorption kem, thiab lwm yam. Ntshav purifier geometry yog tsim nyog los optimize solute loj pauv thiab txo cov ntshav bioreactivity.

Hollow fibers muaj cov yam ntxwv meej heev, tshwj xeeb hauv txoj kab uas hla yog {{0}} μm; lub thickness yog 6-50 μm; qhov ntev yog 14-28 cm; thaj chaw saum npoo yog 0.8-2.2 m2; thiab tus naj npawb ntawm hollow fiber raj yog 8000-12, 000. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm txheej txheej endothelial nyias heev, uas ua kom muaj kev tshem tawm siab; cov txheej nruab nrab tuab tuaj yeem ua rau daim nyias nyias ruaj khov thiab tiv thaiv endotoxins los ntawm kev nkag mus rau cov ntshav; cov ntiv tes zoo li txheej yog xoob, uas tuaj yeem txo qhov tsis kam ntawm co toxins los ntawm diffusing los ntawm cov ntshav mus rau dialysate. , txhim kho tus nqi clearance.

2. Kev faib tawm ntawm cov khoom siv hemodialyzer membrane

Thawj qeb yog tsev neeg cellulose classic, suav nrog ob pawg tseem ceeb: cellulose membrane (tooj liab imitation membrane, regenerated cellulose membrane) thiab hloov cellulose membrane (cellulose acetate membrane, triacetyl cellulose, ntshav imitation membrane). Cov qeb thib ob yog cov khoom siv hluavtaws, uas sawv cev rau cov txheej txheem engineering zoo tshaj plaws tam sim no. Muaj plaub pawg ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws, uas yog tsev neeg polysulfone, tsev neeg polyacrylonitrile, polymethyl methacrylate thiab nws cov variants, thiab ethylene-vinyl cawv copolymer tsev neeg. Tam sim no, ntau dua 90% ntawm cov neeg mob hemodialysis thoob ntiaj teb tau kho nrog cov khoom siv hluavtaws zoo heev.

3. Membrane permeability thiab ntshav purifier kev ua tau zoo

Membrane permeability yog cais raws li qhov tsawg permeability (tsis tshua muaj flux), siab permeability (siab flux), los yog siab permeability (ultra-lux, thiaj li hu ua nruab nrab-siab rejection, los yog protein to membranes). Membranes cia siab rau nano-tswj spinning tshuab tso cai rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg permeable nrog kev xaiv zoo dua thaum tiv thaiv albumin poob. Membrane permeability feem ntau raug soj ntsuam nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm ultrafiltration coefficient thiab solute permeability (chaw thauj cheeb tsam coefficient ntawm tsawg molecular hnyav solutes thiab / los yog sieving coefficient ntawm nruab nrab thiab loj molecular hnyav solutes).

Qhov kev kho mob yuav tsum tau rau cov ntshav purifiers yog kom tshem tawm cov me me thiab nruab nrab molecule co toxins thaum tiv thaiv kev kis ntawm endotoxins thiab kab mob. Yog li ntawd, yuav tsum muaj biocompatibility zoo dua, uas tuaj yeem txo qis kev ua haujlwm ntxiv thiab txo qis coagulation.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm ntau yam khoom nyob rau hauv cov ntshav thiab lub dialysis membrane yog hu ua biocompatibility ntawm daim nyias nyias. Thaum lub biocompatibility ntawm daim nyias nyias tsis zoo thaum lub sij hawm lim ntshav, cov teeb meem xws li coagulation, kev tsis haum tshuaj, arteriosclerosis, malnutrition, thiab lub cev tsis muaj zog yuav tshwm sim. Hauv cov txheej txheem no, tus nqi tshem tawm tuaj yeem cuam tshuam zoo.

(1) Kev tshem tawm me me molecule co toxins feem ntau yog nyob ntawm diffusion. Lub diffusion efficiency yog nyob ntawm cov kuab tshuaj concentration gradient, dialysis membrane pore ntev, cheeb tsam, nto nqi, membrane tsis kam mus solute passage, deb thiab kub yuav tsum tau rau diffusion, thiab lwm yam. Diffusion yuav zoo tshem tawm me me molecules thiab uncharged solutes tab sis tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshem tawm. nruab nrab thiab loj-them solutes uas yog khi rau plasma proteins los yog lwm yam molecules.

(2) Kev tshem tawm cov co toxins me me kuj muaj feem xyuam rau cov ntshav khiav: ① Cov ntshav ntws ntau dua, qhov kev tshem tawm ntau dua. ② Lub solute clearance ntawm me me molecules nce mus rau ib tug tej theem raws li cov ntshav ntws nce thiab ces nyob ruaj khov. Rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob qis qis qis, qhov kev tshem tawm yog ze rau cov ntshav ntws thaum cov ntshav ntws qis.

(3) Kev tshem tawm ntawm me me molecule co toxins kuj muaj feem xyuam rau thaj tsam ntawm daim nyias nyias. Raws li thaj tsam ntawm daim nyias nyias nce, qhov tshem tawm ntawm urea nce nyob rau hauv tib cov ntshav ntws.

(1) Kev tshem tawm ntawm nruab nrab molecular co toxins tsuas yog nyob ntawm convection. Qhov zoo transmembrane siab yog qhov sib npaug ntawm txhua qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm ob sab ntawm daim nyias nyias.

(2) Rau kev tshem tawm ntawm nruab nrab molecular co toxins, permeability ntawm daim nyias nyias yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev. Lub thinner daim nyias nyias, qhov me dua qhov kev tiv thaiv rau cov dej nkag; qhov ntau thiab loj ntawm daim nyias nyias pores, qhov siab dua nws permeability. Tus nqi ntawm cov solutes tshem tawm feem ntau yog nyob ntawm lub peev xwm ultrafiltration thiab sieving coefficient ntawm daim nyias nyias. Kev kho mob hemodialysis, hemofiltration, thiab hemodiafiltration muaj cov txheej txheem thauj sib txawv.

Qhov txawv ntawm high-flux membrane thiab low-flux membrane: (1) Low-flux lim membrane: me pore loj, tsis tshua muaj dej permeability, zoo ntawm tshem me me molecules, tab sis tsis muaj peev xwm tshem tawm macromolecular solutes. (2) High-flux lim membrane: loj pore loj, siab dej permeability, zoo tshem tawm me me molecule solutes, thiab tseem tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov molecule loj xws li 2m.

Nruab nrab cutoff thiab siab cutoff membranes: Tam sim no, protein leaky membranes nrog rau nruab nrab cutoff daim nyias nyias tau tsim los pab kom tshem tawm cov loj nruab nrab molecules thaum lub sij hawm hemodialysis. Cov daim nyias nyias no tau nyob ib puag ncig txij li xyoo 1998. Cov kab nruab nrab-txiav cov membranes muaj ntau dua permeable dua li cov ntaub ntawv siab, tab sis tseem tsis tshua muaj permeable dua li cov ntaub ntawv siab, uas feem ntau yog siv rau kev kho cov protein depletion xws li ntau yam myelitis. Mob raum raug mob thib ob rau neoplasia lossis rhabdomyolysis.

4. Cov ntsiab lus

(1) Kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov ntshav purifier: membrane flux, clearance rate, screening coefficient, biocompatibility, thiab lwm yam.

(2) Txoj kev lim ntshav: diffusion, convection.

(3) Rau thawj lub tshuab lim dej, thaj tsam ntawm daim nyias nyias yog me me thiab cov flux tsawg los tiv thaiv kev tsis sib haum xeeb.

(4) Cov ntshav siab tsis yooj yim los tswj nrog cov tshuaj, muaj qhov hnyav nce ntawm lub sijhawm lim ntshav, cov hlab plawv yog qhov ruaj khov, thiab cov ntshav siab tau pom zoo rau cov neeg uas tau lim ntshav ntev ntev.

(5) Xaiv lub tshuab lim ntshav uas tsim nyog raws li cov kab mob sib txawv.

Cistanche kho mob raum li cas?

Cistanche yog cov tshuaj suav tshuaj ntsuab siv rau ntau pua xyoo los kho ntau yam mob, suav nrog kab mob raum. Nws yog muab los ntawm cov stems qhuav ntawm Cistanche deserticola, ib tsob nroj nyob rau hauv cov suab puam ntawm Tuam Tshoj thiab Mongolia. Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cistanche yog phenylethanoid glycosides, echinacoside, thiab acteoside, uas tau pom tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub raum noj qab haus huv.

Kab mob raum, tseem hu ua kab mob raum, yog ib yam mob uas lub raum ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cov khoom pov tseg thiab cov co toxins hauv lub cev, ua rau muaj ntau yam tsos mob thiab teeb meem. Cistanche tuaj yeem pab kho mob raum ase los ntawm ntau lub tshuab.

Ua ntej, cistanche tau pom tias muaj cov nyhuv diuretic, txhais tau tias nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov zis ntau ntxiv thiab pab tshem tawm cov khoom pov tseg ntawm lub cev. Qhov no tuaj yeem pab txo lub nra ntawm lub raum thiab tiv thaiv kev tsim cov co toxins. Los ntawm kev txhawb nqa diuresis, cistanche kuj tseem tuaj yeem pab txo qis ntshav siab, ib qho teeb meem ntawm cov kab mob raum.

Ntxiv mus, cistanche tau pom tias muaj cov teebmeem antioxidant. Kev ntxhov siab oxidative, tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsis sib xws ntawm kev tsim cov dawb radicals thiab lub cev tiv thaiv antioxidant, ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev mob raum. ies pab neutralize dawb radicals thiab txo Oxidative kev nyuaj siab, yog li tiv thaiv lub raum los ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Cov phenylethanoid glycosides pom hauv cistanche tau tshwj xeeb hauv kev tshem tawm cov dawb radicals thiab inhibiting lipid peroxidation.

Tsis tas li ntawd, cistanche tau pom tias muaj cov nyhuv anti-inflammatory. Kev mob yog lwm yam tseem ceeb hauv kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob raum. Cistanche's anti-inflammatory zog pab txo cov zus tau tej cov pro-inflammatory cytokines thiab inhibit qhov ua kom o yuav tsum tau txoj kev, yog li alleviating o nyob rau hauv lub raum.

Tsis tas li ntawd, cistanche tau pom tias muaj cov teebmeem immunomodulatory. Hauv kab mob raum, lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem ua rau tsis zoo, ua rau muaj kev mob ntau dhau thiab cov ntaub so ntswg puas. Cistanche pab tswj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm kev hloov kho kev tsim khoom thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, xws li T hlwb thiab macrophages. Txoj cai tiv thaiv kab mob no pab txo qhov mob thiab tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj ntxiv rau lub raum.

Ntxiv mus, cistanche tau pom los txhim kho lub raum kev ua haujlwm los ntawm kev txhawb nqa kev tsim kho ntawm lub raum hlab nrog cov hlwb. Lub raum tubular epithelial hlwb ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev pom thiab rov nqus cov khoom pov tseg thiab electrolytes. Hauv kab mob raum, cov hlwb no tuaj yeem raug puas tsuaj, ua rau lub raum ua haujlwm puas. Cistanche lub peev xwm los txhawb kev tsim kho ntawm cov hlwb no pab kho lub raum kom zoo thiab txhim kho lub raum tag nrho.

Ntxiv nrog rau cov kev cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau lub raum, cistanche tau pom tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lwm yam kabmob thiab lub cev hauv lub cev. Txoj hauv kev zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv no tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb hauv cov kab mob raum, vim tias tus mob feem ntau cuam tshuam rau ntau lub cev thiab lub cev. che tau pom tias muaj kev tiv thaiv rau lub siab, lub plawv, thiab cov hlab ntsha, uas feem ntau cuam tshuam los ntawm kab mob raum. Los ntawm kev txhawb nqa kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov kabmob no, cistanche pab txhim kho lub raum tag nrho thiab tiv thaiv kev mob ntxiv.

Hauv kev xaus, cistanche yog cov tshuaj suav tshuaj ntsuab siv rau ntau pua xyoo los kho mob raum. Nws cov active Cheebtsam muaj diuretic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, thiab regenerative teebmeem, uas pab txhim kho lub raum ua haujlwm thiab tiv thaiv ob lub raum los ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntxiv. , cistanche muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lwm yam kabmob thiab lub cev, ua rau nws txoj hauv kev zoo rau kev kho mob raum.