SARS-CoV-2 Infection And Vaccine Effectiveness in England (REACT-1): A Series Of Cross-sectional Random Surveys
Mar 26, 2022
Hu rau: Audrey Hu Whatsapp / hp: 0086 13880143964 Email:audrey.hu@wecistanche.com
Marc Chateau-Hyam, Haowei Wang*, Oliver Eales*, David Haw*, Barbara Bodinier*, Matthew Whitaker, Caroline E Walters, Kylie EC Ainslie, Christina Atchison, Claudio Fronterre, Peter J Diggle, Andrew J Page, Alexander J Trotter, Deborah Ashby, Wendy Barclay, Graham Taylor, Graham Cooke, Helen Ward, Ara Darzi, Steven Riley, Christl A Donnelly†, Paul Elliott†, koom tes nrog COVID-19 Genomics UK koom nrog
Cov ntsiab lus
Keeb Kwm: Tebchaws Askiv tau ntsib nthwv dej thib peb ntawm COVID{{0}}} kev sib kis txij li thaum kawg ntawm Tsib Hlis 2{{40}}21, ua ke nrog kev sib kis sai ntawm cov dej ntws (B. 1.617.2) txawv, txawm tias muaj kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv cov neeg laus. Tus nqi txhaj tshuaj (ib koob ib zaug) hauv tebchaws Askiv qis dua ntawm cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 16–17 xyoo thiab 12–15 xyoo, uas nws txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv tebchaws Askiv tau pib thaum Lub Yim Hli thiab Cuaj Hli 2021, raws li. Peb tsom mus soj ntsuam cov qauv kev tsav tsheb hauv lub hauv paus hauv SARS-CoV-2 kev nthuav dav thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 2021, hauv tebchaws Askiv. Txoj Kev: Qhov Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Txog Lub Sijhawm Tam Sim No ntawm Kev Sib Txuas Hauv Zej Zog-1 (REACT-1) txoj kev kawm, uas tau pib sau cov ntaub ntawv thaum lub Tsib Hlis 202{{10{{128} } } }, suav nrog cov kev tshawb fawb hla ntu ntu hauv cov pej xeem hauv tebchaws Askiv hnub nyoog 5 xyoos thiab tshaj saud. Siv RT-PCR swab positivity cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm {{20}} cov neeg koom nrog lub caj pas thiab lub qhov ntswg siv tau nyob rau hauv ib ncig 14 ntawm REACT-1 (September 9–27, 2021), peb kwv yees cov zej zog-raws li kev sib kis ntawm SARS-CoV-2 thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kev kis kab mob los ntawm kev sib txuas cov ntaub ntawv puag ncig 14 nrog cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm puag ncig 13 (Lub Rau Hli 24 txog Lub Xya Hli 12, 2021; n{{34} }). Kev tshawb pom: Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 2021, peb kwv yees tus nqi nruab nrab ntawm RT-PCR qhov zoo ntawm 0·83 feem pua (95 feem pua CrI 0·76–0·89), nrog tus lej luam tawm (R) tag nrho ntawm 1·03 (95 feem pua CrI 0·94–1·14). Ntawm 475 (62·2 feem pua) ntawm 764 sequenced zoo swabs, tag nrho yog cov delta variant; 22 (4·63 feem pua ; 95 feem pua CI 3·07–6·91) suav nrog Tyr145Nws kev hloov pauv hauv cov kab mob sib kis nrog rau AY.4 sublineage, thiab muaj ib qho kev hloov pauv ntawm Glu484Lys. Hnub nyoog, cheeb tsam, tus neeg ua haujlwm tseem ceeb, thiab tsev neeg loj tau koom ua ke ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm swab zoo. Qhov hnyav hnyav tshaj plaws tau pom ntawm cov menyuam hnub nyoog 5-12 xyoos, ntawm 2·32 feem pua (95 feem pua CrI 1·96–2·73) thiab cov hnub nyoog 13–17 xyoo, ntawm 2·55 feem pua (2·11–3. · 08). Tus kab mob SARS-CoV-2 kev sib kis loj hlob hauv cov hnub nyoog 5-11 xyoo, nrog R ntawm 1·42 (95 feem pua CrI 1·18–1·68), tab sis poob rau cov hnub nyoog 18–54 xyoo, nrog R ntawm 0·81 (0·68–0·97). Thaum muaj hnub nyoog, 18-64 xyoo, cov tshuaj kho tau zoo tiv thaiv kab mob yog 62·8 feem pua (95 feem pua CI 49·3–72·7) tom qab ob koob tshuaj piv rau cov neeg tsis tau txhaj tshuaj, rau tag nrho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua ke, 44·8 feem pua (22 ·5–60·7) rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ChAdOx1 nCov-19 (Oxford–AstraZeneca), thiab 71·3 feem pua (56·6–81·0) rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech). Hauv cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog 18 xyoo thiab tshaj saud, qhov hnyav ntawm qhov zoo ntawm swab zoo yog 0·35 feem pua (95 feem pua CrI 0·31–0·40) yog tias qhov koob thib ob tau siv txog li 3 lub hlis ua ntej lawv cov swab tab sis 0·55 feem pua ( 0·50–0·61) rau cov uas tau txais koob tshuaj thib ob 3–6 lub hlis ua ntej lawv swab, piv rau 1·76 feem pua (1·60–1·95) ntawm cov neeg tsis tau txhaj tshuaj.Txhais lus:Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 2021, thaum pib lub caij nplooj zeeg tsev kawm ntawv hauv tebchaws Askiv, kev kis kab mob tau nce ntxiv hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 5-17 xyoo, thaum lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tsawg hauv pawg hnub nyoog no. Hauv cov neeg laus, piv rau cov uas tau txais lawv cov koob thib ob tsawg dua 3 lub hlis dhau los, qhov ntau dua ntawm qhov zoo ntawm swab zoo ntawm 3–6 lub hlis tom qab ob koob tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID-19 tshuaj tiv thaiv qhia tias muaj kev pheej hmoo ntau ntxiv ntawm kev kis kab mob nyob rau lub sijhawm no . Txoj kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum mus cuag cov menyuam yaus nrog rau cov neeg laus uas tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab ib nrab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kom txo tau SARS-CoV-2 kev sib kis thiab cuam tshuam cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm thiab kev kawm. Nyiaj Txiag Department of Health thiab Social Care, England.
cistanche cov txiaj ntsig kev noj qab haus huv: txhim kho kev tiv thaiv
Taw qhia
Lub tebchaws Askiv tau ntsib ib qho ntawm SARS-CoV-2 tus kab mob siab tshaj plaws thiab COVID-19 tus neeg tuag nyob hauv Europe txij li pib muaj kev sib kis. Txawm li cas los xij, UK kuj tseem yog ib lub tebchaws thawj zaug los siv txoj haujlwm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv tebchaws, pib thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2020, nrog rau kev nthuav tawm rau cov pej xeem thawj zaug tsom rau cov neeg muaj kev pheej hmoo tshaj plaws, suav nrog cov neeg laus (pib nrog cov laus dua lossis sib npaug rau 80 xyoo. xyoo), cov neeg ua haujlwm saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev noj qab haus huv, thiab cov neeg muaj kev mob nkeeg.1
Kev sib kis ceev ceev ntawm lub delta (B.1.617.2) txawv nyob rau hauv teb chaws Askiv txij lub Tsib Hlis 2021, nrog rau qhov thib peb nthwv dej ntawm kev kis tus kab mob, 2, thiab kev kis tus kab mob tseem ceeb heev rau lub caij ntuj sov thiab dhau mus. Thaum lub Yim Hli 2021, qhov xwm txheej ntawm RT-PCR-cov neeg mob uas tau lees paub ntawm SARS-CoV-2 tus kab mob nthuav tawm rau lub tebchaws kev sim tshuaj hauv tebchaws Askiv (Pillar 2) tau nce zuj zus los ntawm ntau dua 10 feem pua ntawm tag nrho.
Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 2021, qhov kev nthuav tawm ntawm qhov kev pab cuam txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv lub tebchaws tiv thaiv COVID-19 hauv tebchaws Askiv tau txuas ntxiv los muab cov koob tshuaj ntxiv (thib peb), tsawg kawg 6 lub hlis tom qab koob thib ob, rau cov neeg ua haujlwm saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev noj qab haus huv, txhua tus neeg laus. tshaj 50 xyoo, thiab cov neeg hluas muaj kev pheej hmoo. Qhov kev txuas ntxiv no tseem suav nrog kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog kawm ntawv laus (hnub nyoog siab dua lossis sib npaug li 12 xyoos), uas yog thawj zaug tau muab tshuaj tiv thaiv ib zaug thoob tebchaws Askiv. Txawm li cas los xij, los ntawm nruab nrab Lub Cuaj Hli, 2021, tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg tau txais koob tshuaj thawj zaug tau nqis mus rau qhov qis tshaj plaws (tsuas yog qis dua 21000 koob tshuaj ib hnub nyob rau nruab nrab hauv tebchaws Askiv) txij li tsawg kawg ib nrab Lub Ib Hlis, 2021 (cov ntaub ntawv ntxov tshaj plaws muaj nyob rau hauv pej xeem) . Txawm li cas los xij, txij li lub Cuaj Hlis 26, 2021, yuav luag 90 feem pua ntawm cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog 18 xyoo thiab laus dua hauv tebchaws Askiv tau txais lawv thawj koob, ntau dua 83 feem pua tau txais lawv cov koob thib ob, thiab 13 feem pua tau txais koob tshuaj thib peb. Ntawm cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 12-17 xyoo, 8·9 feem pua tau txais ib koob tshuaj. Kwv yees li ntawm 53 feem pua ntawm cov neeg laus tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ChAdOx1 nCov-19 (Oxford–AstraZeneca) tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab 47 feem pua ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech) lossis mRNA-1273 (Moderna) tshuaj tiv thaiv; 3 tag nrho cov menyuam tau txhaj tshuaj hnub nyoog 12–17 xyoo tau txais ib koob tshuaj BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech) lossis mRNA-1273 (Moderna) tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 2021, cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 5-17 xyoo hauv tebchaws Askiv rov qab mus kawm ntawv, nrog Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Kawm tsis pom zoo ntxiv lawm tias nws yuav tsum ua kom cov menyuam tsis sib haum xeeb (xws li cov npuas hauv zej zog). Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tsev kawm ntawv tsis xav kom muaj kev sib cuag mus ntxiv lawm, nrog rau cov neeg nyob ze hauv tsev kawm ntawv tam sim no tau txheeb xyuas los ntawm qhov kev pab cuam kev sib cuag hauv lub tebchaws ( UK National Health Service [NHS] Test and Trace service).4 Lub sijhawm thawj lub hlis no ntawm cov menyuam rov mus kawm ntawv. , qhov xwm txheej tau lees paub SARS-CoV-2 cov neeg mob hauv tebchaws Askiv tau sau tseg los ntawm Pillar 2 tau poob qis rau thaum nruab nrab Lub Cuaj Hli, 2021, thiab tom qab ntawd tau nce ntxiv, tab sis tag nrho yog qhov ruaj khov. Qhov no yog qhov tsis sib xws rau qhov xwm txheej hauv Scotland, qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov neeg mob SARS-CoV-2 tau nce ntau dua 450 feem pua ntawm lub Yim Hli, thaum lub sijhawm cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog kawm ntawv (hnub nyoog 5-17 xyoo) hauv Scotland rov qab mus rau tsev kawm ntawv.5 Cov kev hloov hauv lub tebchaws no (thiab ntau lub zos) muaj nyob ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, suav nrog kev nthuav dav hauv zos thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm kev sib kis ntawm cov delta variant, rov qab mus rau tsev kawm ntawv, kev hloov pauv hauv kev sib raug zoo, kev ua haujlwm hauv tsev thiab chaw ua haujlwm. , thiab theem ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv-induced thiab ib txwm tau txais kev tiv thaiv.
Ntawm no, peb piav qhia txog cov qauv kev tsav tsheb hauv qab hauv SARS-CoV-2 qhov tshwm sim thaum lub Cuaj Hli 2021, hauv tebchaws Askiv los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas RT-PCR swab zoo los ntawm kaum plaub ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sau los ntawm Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Txog Lub Sijhawm Hauv Zej Zog{{ 5}} (REACT-1) study.6,7 Nyob rau hauv no puag ncig, caj pas thiab lub qhov ntswg swabs tau los ntawm ib tug random qauv ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm England los ntawm lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj 9 txog rau Cuaj hlis 27, 2021. Peb kuj muab cov ntaub ntawv puag ncig 14 nrog cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm puag ncig 13, uas swabs tau los ntawm Lub Rau Hli 24 txog Lub Xya Hli 12, 2021.
cistanche extract hmoov
Cov txheej txheem
Kawm cov pej xeem
REACT-1 txoj kev kawm tau tshaj tawm rau lwm qhov.7 luv luv: nrog kev sau cov ntaub ntawv pib txij lub Tsib Hlis 1, 2020, peb tau caw mus rau hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb random piv txwv ntawm cov pej xeem hauv tebchaws Askiv (hnub nyoog siab dua lossis sib npaug li 5 xyoos ). Cov ntaub ntawv tau txais txhua hli nyob rau lub sijhawm 2-3 lub lis piam tshwj tsis yog lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2020, thiab Lub Yim Hli 2021, thaum tsis muaj kev tshawb fawb tiav. Ntawm txhua qhov kev sau cov ntaub ntawv, cov neeg muaj npe los ntawm NHS cov npe ntawm cov neeg mob sau npe nrog tus kws kho mob hauv tebchaws Askiv tau raug caw tuaj koom rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no, raws li cov npe tau los ntawm NHS Digital.
Txij lub Tsib Hlis 1, 2020 (pib ntawm puag ncig 1), txog rau lub Tsib Hlis 3, 2021 (kawg ntawm puag ncig 11), peb tsom rau kwv yees li ntawm cov neeg koom nrog hauv txhua ntawm 315 cov tub ceev xwm hauv nroog hauv tebchaws Askiv (sib txuas Isles of Scilly nrog Cornwall thiab Lub Nroog London nrog Westminster), tab sis txij li puag ncig 12 (Tsib Hlis 20 txog rau Lub Rau Hli 7, 2021) txuas ntxiv mus, peb tau hloov kho cov txheej txheem coj mus kuaj kom tau txais cov qauv random nyob rau hauv feem rau cov pej xeem ntawm qib qis-qib hauv cheeb tsam. Qhov no nce qhov piv txwv hauv cov pej xeem ntau-hauv nroog uas peb tau cuam tshuam nrog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm txhua qhov chaw los ua tus sawv cev ntawm cov neeg Askiv tag nrho (piav qhia hauv qab).
RT-PCR cov ntaub ntawv kuaj thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv
Cov neeg koom nrog muab lub caj pas thiab lub qhov ntswg rau tus kheej (lossis niam txiv lossis tus neeg saib xyuas tau txais ib lub swab rau cov menyuam hnub nyoog 5-12 xyoos) ua raws li cov lus qhia sau thiab video. Swabs raug xa mus rau lub chaw kuaj mob hauv nruab nrab rau kev tshuaj xyuas los ntawm RT-PCR. Extracted nucleic acid tau txheeb xyuas qhov muaj lossis tsis muaj SARS-CoV-2 nrog ViroBOAR 1·0 RT-qPCR cov khoom siv (Eurofins Genomics, GmbH, Ebersberg, Germany) rau SARS-CoV{{10 }} ntawm Roche Lightcycler 480 II txhawm rau txheeb xyuas ob lub hom phiaj sib luag: N gene thiab E noob. Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas muaj qhov tshwj xeeb ze li 100 feem pua thiab qhov txwv ntawm kev tshawb pom ntawm kaum daim ntawv ib microlitre. Cov qauv raug suav tias yog qhov zoo yog tias ob lub hom phiaj gene (N noob thiab E noob) tau kuaj pom lossis yog tias N noob tau kuaj pom nrog lub voj voog pib (Ct) tus nqi qis dua 37.
Rau puag ncig 14, peb hloov txoj hauv kev uas cov qauv swab raug daws. Los ntawm puag ncig 1 (pib lub Tsib Hlis 1, 2020) mus rau puag ncig 13 (kawg lub Xya Hli 12, 2021) peb siv cov swabs qhuav xa chilled mus rau chav kuaj los ntawm courier rau RT-PCR kuaj. Nyob rau hauv ib ncig 14, peb hloov mus rau ntub swabs nyob rau hauv saline tov, uas yog ces faib random ntawm ib tug 1: 1 lub hauv paus los yog xa los ntawm courier (n=46 705 siv tau swabs xa rov qab) los yog tom qab (n{12}) }).
Raws li ib feem ntawm REACT-1 txoj kev tshawb fawb, peb tau txais cov ntaub ntawv ntawm hnub nyoog, poj niam txiv neej, chaw nyob, thiab chaw xa ntawv hauv zos los ntawm NHS cov ntawv sau npe, nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv txog cov pej xeem, kev noj qab haus huv (xws li kev tshaj tawm txog kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tus kheej), thiab kev ua neej nyob tau los ntawm ib daim ntawv nug hauv online lossis xov tooj. Cov neeg koom nrog tau thov kev tso cai rau kev txuas mus rau lawv cov ntaub ntawv NHS, suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm COVID-19 txoj haujlwm txhaj tshuaj. Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm kev sib txuas cov ntaub ntawv tau muab los nrog qhov kev xav tias ib koob tshuaj tsuas yog siv tau los ntawm 14 hnub lossis ntau dua tom qab txhaj tshuaj. Yog li cov neeg tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tau txhais tias yog cov uas tsis tau txais koob tshuaj tiv thaiv lossis tau txais ib koob tshuaj tsawg dua 14 hnub ua ntej swabbing; Cov neeg txhaj tshuaj ib zaug tau txhais tias yog cov uas tau txais ib koob tshuaj 14 hnub lossis ntau dua ua ntej swabbing thiab tsis muaj koob thib ob lossis koob thib ob tsawg dua 14 hnub ua ntej swabbing, thiab cov neeg uas tau txais ob koob tshuaj tiv thaiv tau txhais tias yog cov uas tau txais. lawv koob thib ob 14 hnub lossis ntau dua ua ntej swabbing.
Viral genome sequencing
Tom qab kev kuaj RT-PCR, cov qauv zoo nrog N gene Ct qhov tseem ceeb tsawg dua 34 thiab nrog cov khoom txaus tau khov thiab xa mus rau kab mob genome sequencing ntawm Quadram Institute, Norwich, UK. ARTIC SARS-CoV-2 sequencing protocol8 tau siv rau kev nthuav dav ntawm tus kab mob RNA thiab CoronaHiT platform tau siv rau kev npaj cov tsev qiv ntawv sequencing.9 Lub ARTIC bioinformatic pipeline10 tau siv rau kev tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv sib txuas, thiab cov kab mob tau raug xa mus. nrog PangoLEARN.11
Kev txheeb cais
Cov kev txheeb cais tau ua tiav hauv R software (R version 4.0.5 (31/03/2021, Shake and Throw). Peb tau xam qhov hnyav ntawm SARS-CoV-2 prevalence los ntawm sociodemographic, occupational, thiab lwm yam Cov pab pawg los ntawm kev faib suav cov swab positivity (los ntawm RT-PCR) los ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov swabs siv tau rov qab los.
Peb siv tus qauv exponential ntawm kev loj hlob los yog lwj los soj ntsuam cov tiam sis nyob rau hauv swab positivity nyob rau lub sij hawm. Peb xav tias tus naj npawb ntawm cov qauv zoo (los ntawm tag nrho cov qauv) txhua hnub tshwm sim los ntawm kev faib tawm binomial raws li hnub ntawm swabbing lossis, yog tias tsis muaj, hnub ntawm cov qauv sau (courier) lossis thawj zaug luam tawm ntawm tus qauv los ntawm Post Office, yog xa los ntawm xa ntawv. Peb kwv yees lub sijhawm tom qab kev ntseeg siab (CrIs) siv qhov sib txawv tsis muaj-U-Tig Sampler piv txwv tias tsis sib xws ua ntej kev faib tawm ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm swab zoo nyob rau hnub xoom thiab qhov loj hlob tus nqi.13 Peb kwv yees tus naj npawb ntawm kev yug me nyuam (R) piv txwv tias lub sijhawm tiam yog gamma faib. nrog cov duab parameter n=2·29 thiab tus nqi parameter =0·36 (suav nrog lub sij hawm nruab nrab ntawm 6·29 hnub).14
Peb haum rau Bayesian penalized-spline (P-spline) model16 rau cov ntaub ntawv niaj hnub siv cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm txhua qhov kev sib tw ntawm REACT-1. Kev kwv yees ntawm qhov muaj txiaj ntsig txhua hnub ntawm swab positivity siv No-U-Tig Sampler hauv qhov chaw logit, nrog cov ntaub ntawv segmented rau hauv kwv yees li 5-hnub ntu los ntawm cov pob qhov rooj tsis tu ncua (muab qhov tsim nyog sib npaug ntawm lub sijhawm daws teeb meem thiab kev suav ua tau), thiab cov pob qij txha ntxiv suav nrog dhau lub sijhawm kawm los txo cov teebmeem ntawm ntug. Peb kuj haum P-splines rau REACT-1 cov ntaub ntawv stratified los ntawm lub hnub nyoog raws li saum toj no, nyob rau hauv uas ib tug P-spline tau haum nyias rau txhua pab pawg neeg hnub nyoog, tab sis tus smoothing parameter, ρ, tau xav tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws haum tus nqi tau. rau tus qauv haum rau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv. Kom paub meej, txawm hais tias qhov kwv yees yog raws li tag nrho REACT-1 cov ntaub ntawv, ntawm no peb tsuas yog tshaj tawm kev kwv yees rau hnub sau ntawm lub voj voog 14.
Peb kwv yees cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo tiv thaiv kab mob SARS-CoV-2 los ntawm kev sib txuas cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm rounds 13 thiab 14 los ua kom muaj zog txheeb cais. Peb kwv yees qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv raws li 1-qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv (OR), qhov twg OR tau txais los ntawm cov qauv logistic regression ntawm qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm swab positivity nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ob zaug (piv txwv li, cov uas muaj ob koob tshuaj, nrog rau koob thib ob siv ntau tshaj 14 hnub. ua ntej swabbing) thiab cov neeg tsis tau txhaj tshuaj, nrog kev hloov kho rau puag ncig, tom qab ntawd ntxiv rau hnub nyoog, thiab poj niam txiv neej, thiab ntxiv kev hloov kho rau qhov ntsuas ntawm ntau yam kev tsis txaus ntseeg quintile thiab haiv neeg. Peb tau txais kev pom zoo tshawb fawb txog kev coj ncaj ncees los ntawm South Central-Berkshire B Research Ethics Committee (Integrated Research Application System [IRAS] ID: 283787).
cistanche extract cov txiaj ntsig
Cov txiaj ntsig
Los ntawm 822176 cov neeg raug caw tuaj koom rau hauv ib puag ncig 14, 147393 (17·9 feem pua) tau sau npe, thiab 100527 (12·2 feem pua) muab cov swab nrog cov txiaj ntsig RT-PCR siv tau, nrog 87966 (87·5 feem pua) pom zoo rau cov ntaub ntawv txuas . Hauv ib puag ncig 13, 841227 cov neeg koom tau raug caw; 147332 tau sau npe, thiab 98233 (66·7 feem pua) ntawm lawv tau muab cov ntaub qhwv nrog cov txiaj ntsig RT-PCR siv tau. Kev sib txuas cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm ob qho tib si ua rau 172862 tus neeg koom, suav nrog 102142 (49923 nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig 13 thiab 52219 nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig 14) hnub nyoog 18-64 xyoo uas tau suav nrog hauv peb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ua tau zoo (appendix p 7). Cov lus piav qhia ntawm tus yam ntxwv ntawm REACT-1 cov neeg koom los ntawm puag ncig 13 thiab ib puag ncig 14 tau pom tias cov neeg pom zoo rau cov ntaub ntawv sib txuas feem ntau yog cov txiv neej, hnub nyoog 45 xyoo lossis tshaj saud, tsis nyob hauv London, Dawb, los ntawm ib leeg- tus neeg hauv tsev neeg, thiab tau ntsib COVID-19- cov tsos mob ntsig txog. Feem ntau ntawm qhov sib txawv no me me (saib ntxiv p 2). Prevalence yog me ntsis siab dua thiab Ct qhov tseem ceeb rau cov qauv zoo me ntsis qis dua hauv swabs sau los ntawm courier dua li cov xa los ntawm kev xa ntawv (appendix pp 3, 8).
Ntawm 100527 qhov siv tau swabs nyob rau hauv ib ncig 14, 764 tau zoo, muab qhov ntau ntawm 0·83 feem pua (95 feem pua CrI 0·76–{{ 57}}·89) hnyav los ua tus sawv cev ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm Askiv (appendix p 4). Qhov hnyav hnyav tshaj plaws thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 2021, tau pom hauv cov hluas hnub nyoog 13-17 xyoo, ntawm 2·55 feem pua (95 feem pua CrI 2·11–3·08), thiab hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 5–12 xyoos, ntawm 2·32 feem pua (1·96–2·73; table 1, appendix p 9). P-spline rau puag ncig 14, haum rau cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm txhua qhov REACT-1 puag ncig, yog qhov qhia tau tias muaj kev ruaj khov lossis nce kev sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm swab zoo (daim duab 1A), nrog R kwv yees ntawm 1·{{68} }3 (95 feem pua CrI 0·94–1·14) thoob plaws txhua lub hnub nyoog ua ke (table 2). Qhov haum P-splines qhia tias muaj kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov hnub nyoog 5-11 xyoo thiab txo qis ntawm cov hnub nyoog 18-54 xyoo (daim duab 1B), nrog ntau dua 99 feem pua ntawm qhov tshwm sim uas qhov kev loj hlob txawv ntawm ob pawg no. Qhov sib thooj R yog 1·42 (95 feem pua CrI 1·18–1·68), nrog ntau dua 0·99 qhov tshwm sim tom qab uas R tau ntau dua 1 thaum muaj hnub nyoog 5–11 xyoo; R yog 0·95 (0·76–1·16), nrog rau qhov tshwm sim tom qab ntawm 0·32 tias R tau ntau dua 1 rau cov hnub nyoog 12–17 xyoo; thiab R yog 0·81 (0·68–0·97), nrog qhov tshwm sim tom qab ntawm 0·01 tias R yog ntau dua 1 rau cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog 18–54 xyoo (table 2).
Weighted prevalence also varied by region (table 1; appendix p 9), ranging from 0·57% (95% CrI 0·45–0·72) in the South East to 1·25% (1·00–1·57) in Yorkshire and The Humber. Within round 14, there was evidence of epidemic growth (with a posterior probability greater than 0·99 that R>1) hauv London, nrog R ntawm 1·59 (95 feem pua CrI 1·23–1·99), thiab hauv East Midlands, nrog R ntawm 1·36 (1·05–1·73; rooj 2) .
Peb pom muaj qhov hnyav dua qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov neeg tuaj koom ntawm haiv neeg Dub, ntawm 1·41 feem pua (95 feem pua CrI 0·91–2·19), piv nrog cov neeg Dawb, ntawm 0 · 78 feem pua (0·72–{11}}·85; table 1). Cov neeg koom nrog nyob hauv tsev loj dua muaj qhov hnyav dua li cov tsev neeg me, xws li 0·33 feem pua (95 feem pua CrI 0·25–{19}}·44) rau ib leeg. Cov tsev neeg rau 1·75 feem pua (1·24–2·46) rau cov tsev neeg uas muaj rau 6 tus neeg los yog ntau dua (table 1). Feem ntau kuj siab dua hauv tsev neeg uas muaj ib lossis ntau tus menyuam yaus, ntawm 1·37 feem pua (95 feem pua CrI 1·22–1·52), piv nrog {{36}·40 feem pua ({{4{ {49}}}·35–{51}}·46) rau cov tsev neeg tsis muaj menyuam; thiab qhov hnyav hnyav yog 7·35 feem pua (6·50–8·31) ntawm cov neeg uas tau tshaj tawm tias tau ntsib nrog tus mob uas tau lees paub COVID-19, piv nrog 0·43 feem pua (0·38 -0·49) ntawm cov tsis muaj kev sib cuag (Table 1).
Siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus kheej qhia txog qhov xwm txheej, peb pom muaj ntau dua hauv cov neeg tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv (tag nrho cov hnub nyoog), ntawm 1·73 feem pua (95 feem pua CrI 1·42–2·12), piv nrog cov uas tau tshaj tawm ob koob tshuaj tiv thaiv, ntawm {{8 }}·56 feem pua ({{10}}·50–0·62; table 1).
Hauv kev txheeb xyuas qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv, cov neeg ua haujlwm tseem ceeb uas tsis yog cov neeg ua haujlwm saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm saib xyuas hauv tsev tau muaj kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm swab zoo piv rau lwm tus neeg ua haujlwm (LOSSIS 1·35 [95 feem pua CI 1·10–1·66]; rooj 3) . Swab positivity kuj tseem siab dua nrog kev loj hlob hauv tsev neeg (muab hloov kho LOSSIS 1·77 [95 feem pua CI 1·44–2·17] rau tsev neeg ntawm peb mus rau tsib tus neeg thiab 2·37 [1·62–3·47] rau tsev neeg ntawm rau lossis ntau tus neeg), piv rau tsev neeg nrog ib lossis ob tus neeg.
Peb tau sau cov ntaub ntawv tshuaj tiv thaiv txuas los ntawm kev sib tw 13 thiab 14 (172862 tus neeg koom nrog tag nrho, 19325 hnub nyoog<18 years,="" 102142="" aged="" 18–64="" years,="" and="" 51395="" aged="" ≥65="" years).="" because="" of="" the="" relatively="" small="" numbers="" of="" individuals="" vaccinated="" below="" the="" age="" of="" 18="" years,="" corresponding="" participants="" (n="19325)" were="" excluded="" from="" our="" vaccine="" effectiveness="" analyses.="" weighted="" prevalence="" was="" higher="" for="" those="" who="" received="" their="" second="" dose="" 3–6="" months="" before="" their="" swab="" than="" for="" those="" whose="" second="" dose="" was="" up="" to="" 3="" months="" before="" their="" swab="" (0·55%="" [95%="" cri="" 0·50–0·61]="" vs="" 0·35%="" [0·31–0·40];="" figure="" 2a;="" appendix="" p="" 5).="" the="" weighted="" prevalence="" for="" individuals="" whose="" second="" dose="" was="" administered="" more="" than="" 6="" months="" before="" their="" swab="" was="" similar="" to="" that="" of="" those="" vaccinated="" within="" 3–6="" months="" of="" their="" swab,="" at="" 0·52%="" (95%="" cri="" 0·33–0·78),="" but="" with="" a="" wider="" credible="" interval.="" the="" age="" distribution="" of="" participants="" by="" vaccination="" status="" indicated,="" as="" expected="" from="" the="" age-based="" rollout="" of="" the="" vaccine="" program="" in="" england,="" a="" higher="" proportion="" of="" individuals="" aged="" 35="" years="" and="" older="" among="" those="" who="" had="" received="" two="" vaccine="" doses="" compared="" to="" those="" who="" had="" received="" a="" single="" dose,="" or="" those="" who="" were="" unvaccinated="" (appendix="" p="" 5).="" nevertheless,="" among="" those="" who="" had="" received="" two="" vaccine="" doses,="" we="" observed="" similar="" age="" distributions="" in="" people="" who="" had="" received="" their="" second="" dose="" 3–6="" months="" or="" more="" than="" 6="" months="" before="" swabbing.="" regardless,="" in="" individuals="" aged="" 18="" years="" and="" older="" with="" linked="" data="" on="" vaccination="" status,="" the="" weighted="" prevalence="" in="" unvaccinated="" people,="" at="" 1·76%="" (95%="" cri="" 1·60–1·95),="" was="" three="" to="" five="" times="" higher="" than="" in="" double-vaccinated="" individuals,="" at="" 0·47%="" (0·43–0·51).="" reflecting="" the="" rollout="" of="" the="" vaccine="" program="" in="" england,="" a="" higher="" proportion="" of="" individuals="" who="" were="" unvaccinated="" or="" who="" had="" a="" single="" dose="" of="" the="" vaccine="" were="" younger="" (≤54="" years)="" than="" those="" with="" two="" doses="" (figure="" 2b;="" appendix="" p="" 5).="" however,="" in="" double-vaccinated="" participants,="" there="" was="" an="" apparent="" trend="" of="" increasing="" weighted="" prevalence="" in="" each="" age="" group="" for="" those="" who="" had="" received="" their="" second="" dose="" 3–6="" months="" before="" their="" swab="" compared="" to="" those="" who="" were="" vaccinated="" up="" to="" 3="" months="" before="" (figure="">
Kev kwv yees kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau muab los nrog cov ntaub ntawv sib txuas rau qhov sib tw 13 thiab 14 ua ke rau cov tib neeg hnub nyoog 18-64 xyoo nkaus xwb, vim tsawg tus neeg laus dua 65 xyoo tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv (1·1 feem pua), thiab, raws li tau sau tseg, tsawg dua cov neeg hluas dua 18 xyoo. xyoo tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv (6·3 feem pua ntawm qhov sib tw 13 thiab 14 ua ke). Rau txhua tus neeg muaj hnub nyoog 18-64 xyoo thiab tag nrho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua ke, kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog 66·3 feem pua (95 feem pua CI 55·3–74·7), nrog rau kev hloov pauv, thiab 62·8 feem pua (49·3– 72·7) nyob rau hauv tus qauv hloov kho tag nrho. Kev kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ua tau zoo ntawm qhov kev kwv yees rau BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech) thiab mRNA-1273 (Moderna) cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau sib piv (71·3 feem pua vs 75·1 feem pua, nrog kev ntseeg siab ntau dua rau mRNA{{34 }} [Moderna] txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv vim muaj tsawg qhov kev soj ntsuam), thiab siab dua qhov kwv yees rau ChAdOx1 nCov-19 (Oxford– AstraZeneca) tshuaj tiv thaiv (44·8 feem pua ). Txawm li cas los xij, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kev kwv yees kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm hom tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tau ncav cuag qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tus lej ntawm 0·05 qib tseem ceeb. Kev suav nrog lub sijhawm sib cuam tshuam rau kev txhaj tshuaj los ntawm ib puag ncig tsis qhia txog cov teebmeem raug hloov pauv thoob plaws 13 thiab 14 (cov ntaub ntawv tsis qhia). Kev kwv yees kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv cov qauv txwv rau cov tsos mob zoo ib yam li cov qauv uas suav nrog cov mob asymptomatic (table 4).
Cov kab mob los ntawm 475 (62·2 feem pua) cov qauv sib txuas ntawm 764 qhov zoo swabs yog tag nrho cov delta variants lossis sublineages ntawm delta. AY.4 yog qhov kuaj pom ntau tshaj plaws sublineage, sawv cev rau 61·5 feem pua (95 feem pua CI 57·0–65·7) ntawm cov qauv sib txuas, thiab muaj xya tus qauv nrog ib qho kev hloov pauv ntawm kev txaus siab raws li tau hais los ntawm Public Health England (tam sim no lub UK Health Security Agency): Glu484Lys, Asn501Tyr, Phe490Ser, Arg246Gly, Val483Phe, Pro251Leu, thiab Gln613His (appendix p 6). Peb tau txheeb xyuas 22 tus qauv (yim nrog B.1.617.2 kab thiab 14 kab AY.4) suav nrog Tyr145Nws hloov pauv hauv cov kab mob sib kis, cuam tshuam nrog AY.4.2 delta sublineage, sib haum rau 4·63 feem pua (95 feem pua CI. 3·07–6·91) ntawm tag nrho cov caj ces txiav txim.
txhim kho kev tiv thaiv cistanche capsules
Kev sib tham
Hauv qhov thib kaum plaub ntawm REACT-1 txoj kev tshawb no, peb pom ob qho tib si siab thiab nce ntau ntawm SARS-CoV-2 swab zoo ntawm cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog kawm ntawv hauv tebchaws Askiv thaum lub Cuaj Hli 2021, qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov menyuam yaus xws li lawv mus kawm ntawv rau lub caij nplooj zeeg. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, peb pom qhov txo qis ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas mus rau cov neeg laus hnub nyoog nruab nrab (18-54 xyoo). Qhov kev soj ntsuam no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam txog kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev kis tus kabmob tshiab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov menyuam yaus uas muaj tus kabmob kis tau siab, 17 thiab kev txuas ntxiv ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv tebchaws Askiv. Txij lub Plaub Hlis 2021, txoj kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob COVID{10}} hauv tebchaws tau nthuav dav kom suav nrog cov neeg laus hnub nyoog qis dua 50 xyoo, 18 ib koob tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov hluas laus (hnub nyoog 16–17 xyoo) txij lub Yim Hli 2021, thiab ib koob tshuaj rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 12-15 xyoo los ntawm nruab nrab Lub Cuaj Hli, 2021.
Txog thaum nruab nrab mus txog rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2021, tag nrho cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 12 xyoos thiab laus dua tau txais koob tshuaj tiv thaiv thib ob, thiab koob thib peb (booster) tau muab dov rau cov neeg laus hnub nyoog 18 xyoo thiab laus dua. Raws li nyob rau hauv peb tsab ntawv tshaj tawm yav dhau los19 (ib puag ncig 13), peb pom tias txhua qhov sib txuas ua ke yog ntawm cov delta variant thiab nws cov sublineages, qhia txog yuav luag tag hloov ntawm alpha thiab lwm yam hloov pauv los ntawm delta hauv tebchaws Askiv thaum lub sijhawm ntawd. Peb tau kuaj pom ib qho kev khiav tawm ntawm Glu484Lys kev hloov pauv, uas txhais tau tias kwv yees li 984 tus kab mob no hauv tebchaws Askiv nrog qis dua 95 feem pua kev ntseeg siab ntawm 159. Zuag qhia tag nrho, muaj xya tus qauv nrog ib qho kev hloov pauv ntawm kev txaus siab, raws li tau hais los ntawm Public Health England. Ib qho piv txwv ntxiv 22 suav nrog Tyr145Nws hloov pauv hauv cov kab mob sib kis nrog rau AY.4.2 sublineage.
Qhov sib piv AY.4 feem ntawm 4·63 feem pua (95 feem pua CI 3·07–6·91) thoob plaws txhua kab yog nyob rau hauv txoj kab nrog 6 feem pua ntawm cov neeg mob tau tshaj tawm los ntawm Public Health England nyob rau lub lim tiam pib lub Cuaj Hlis 27, 2021.20 Kev txhaj tshuaj muaj ua pov thawj tau zoo heev tiv thaiv cov teeb meem loj ntawm COVID-19, suav nrog kev nkag mus rau hauv tsev kho mob thiab kev tuag, tab sis tsis muaj qhov tsis meej meej txog kev tiv thaiv kev kis kab mob. Txawm hais tias kev kwv yees ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ua tau zoo tiv thaiv kab mob txog li 90 feem pua tau raug tshaj tawm, raws li kev soj ntsuam niaj hnub ntawm cov neeg mob, 21 ntawm no peb qhia txog kev kwv yees ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm 63 feem pua los ntawm REACT-1 puag ncig 13 thiab 14, thaum lub delta variant dominated.
Qhov kev tshawb pom no zoo ib yam li qhov tau tshaj tawm hauv cov ntaub ntawv txuas rau rounds 13 ib leeg, 19 tab sis los ntawm kev sib txuas cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm ob qho tib si puag ncig 13 thiab 14 peb kuj tuaj yeem kwv yees cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo rau ChAdOx1 nCov-19 (Oxford– AstraZeneca) thiab BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) tshuaj tiv thaiv cais. Txawm hais tias kev ntseeg siab sib tshooj sib tshooj, peb cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua tiv thaiv kab mob nrog BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) tshuaj tiv thaiv dua li ChAdOx1 nCov{11}} (Oxford–AstraZeneca) tshuaj tiv thaiv. Ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau tshaj tawm hauv kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los, 22 thiab los ntawm Public Health England (tam sim no UK Health Security Agency [UK HSA]) raws li kev soj ntsuam txhua hnub ntawm cov tsos mob tshwm sim.23 Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb rau cov pej xeem. thiab lub sijhawm yog li cov kev kwv yees no cuam tshuam txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv tebchaws Askiv thaum lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb (piv txwv li, Lub Rau Hli-Lub Cuaj Hli 2021). Txij thaum ntawd los, qhov sib txawv ntawm omicron (B.1.1.529) tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb hauv tebchaws Askiv thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2021, nrog cov kev tshawb fawb los ntawm UK HSA qhia txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qis dua tiv thaiv cov tsos mob rau omicron piv rau delta.24.
Peb txoj kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias feem ntau ntawm swab zoo ntawm cov tib neeg tsis tau txhaj tshuaj (xws li txhua tus menyuam hnub nyoog 5-11 xyoo) lossis cov tib neeg uas tau txais ib koob tshuaj tiv thaiv (xws li cov menyuam hnub nyoog 12-17 xyoo) yog peb mus rau plaub npaug ntau dua li cov neeg tau txhaj tshuaj ob zaug. , tab sis kuj qhia tau hais tias qhov ntau ntawm swab positivity qhia tau hais tias muaj kab mob sib kis tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ob zaug tuaj yeem nce ntxiv tom qab 3-6 lub hlis. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb pom tias cov neeg nyob hauv cov tsev loj dua, thiab cov neeg nyob hauv cov tsev nrog cov menyuam yaus, muaj tus nqi swab zoo dua li cov tsev neeg me lossis cov tsis muaj menyuam hauv tsev. Qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm qhov hnyav tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv swab positivity nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm 14 nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam hnub nyoog 5-11 xyoo thiab 12-17 xyoo ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb rau cov me nyuam tsis tshua muaj mob heev, nrog rau kev soj ntsuam tsis tshua muaj neeg nyob ze, suav nrog cov neeg hauv tsev neeg thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev kawm ntawv.
Txog thaum kawg lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2021, cov menyuam yaus uas muaj hnub nyoog 5-11 xyoos yuav raug muab tshuaj tiv thaiv ob zaug. Kuj tseem muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev kawm rau ntau tus menyuam yaus uas yuav tsum tau tawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv thaum kuaj pom qhov zoo vim tias muaj tus kab mob SARS-CoV-2 siab. Qhov kev tshawb pom tias muaj ntau dua peb npaug ntau dua rau cov tib neeg hauv tsev neeg uas muaj ib lossis ntau tus menyuam yaus dua li cov tib neeg hauv tsev neeg uas tsis muaj menyuam yaus qhia tias kev kis kabmob hauv menyuam yaus, tsis xav tsis thoob, kis mus rau lwm pawg hnub nyoog. Cov kab mob ntau dua cuam tshuam nrog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov delta hauv cov neeg hluas piv rau cov hloov pauv ua ntej 25-27 kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib kis ntawm cov menyuam yaus thiab yog li ua rau muaj kev sib kis hauv tsev neeg ntau dua. Raws li lub Cuaj Hlis 27, 2021, tsuas yog 1214 (6·3 feem pua) cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 12–17 xyoo tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv REACT-1 txoj kev tshawb fawb, yog li tsis tso cai txuas ntxiv lub ntsiab lus ntawm peb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas rau cov hnub nyoog ntawd hauv rov 14.
Cov kev tshawb fawb ntxiv txog kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau raug lees paub vim tias muaj kev kis kab mob omicron sai sai hauv tebchaws Askiv pib thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2021, thiab kev tshaj tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ob zaug rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv hnub nyoog 12-15 xyoo, koob tshuaj txhawb zog thaum muaj hnub nyoog 16-17 xyoo, thiab cov neeg laus. hnub nyoog 18 xyoo thiab laus dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kev tshawb fawb hauv zej zog xws li REACT-1 ua rau kev kwv yees ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm cov neeg uas muaj asymptomatic thiab cov tsos mob. Txawm hais tias tom qab kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib kis ntawm SARS-CoV{10}} kev kis tus kab mob thiab kev nkag mus rau hauv tsev kho mob thiab kev tuag hauv tebchaws Askiv, 2 qhov kev txhawj xeeb tseem nyob ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm kis tau tus kab mob siab thiab tiv thaiv cov pej xeem tsis tiav ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntxiv. Cov teeb meem hnyav los ntawm COVID-19. Askiv, zoo ib yam nrog rau lwm lub tebchaws Askiv thiab ntau lub tebchaws (xws li Israel28), tau pib ua kev sib tw los nthuav tawm qhov thib peb (booster) koob tshuaj - txij lub Kaum Hli 2021, hauv tebchaws Askiv. Qhov no yog thawj zaug muab kev koom tes ua ntej ntawm cov neeg laus hnub nyoog 50 xyoo thiab laus dua, cov neeg ua haujlwm saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev noj qab haus huv, thiab cov neeg hluas muaj kev pheej hmoo, tab sis qhov kev nthuav tawm tom qab tau txuas ntxiv mus rau txhua tus neeg laus hnub nyoog 18 xyoo thiab laus dua txij li lub Kaum Ob Hlis, 2021.29 Kev soj ntsuam txuas ntxiv mus. Cov kab mob sib kis hauv tebchaws Askiv thiab lwm qhov yuav yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ntsuas qhov ntev npaum li cas cov koob tshuaj txhawb zog rau cov neeg laus thiab kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov menyuam yaus txwv tsis pub kis tus kabmob tshiab SARS-CoV-2 qhov txawv ntawm kev txhawj xeeb xws li omicron variant.
Peb txoj kev kawm muaj kev txwv. Txij li thaum REACT-1 txoj kev tshawb fawb tau pib sau cov ntaub ntawv thaum lub Tsib Hlis 2020, peb tau pom qhov txo qis hauv cov lus teb, los ntawm 30·5 feem pua hauv ib puag ncig 1 txog 11·7 feem pua hauv puag ncig 13. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv ib puag ncig 14, cov lus teb tus nqi nce me ntsis mus rau 12·2 feem pua. Qhov kev nce no, txawm tias me me, txhawb nqa. Tej zaum nws yuav yog qhov kev hloov pauv ntxiv rau daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev koom tes ntxiv. Kev hloov mus rau kev siv cov ntaub ntub dej hauv cov kua ntsev thiab sau cov qauv uas tsis muaj cov kab mob khaub thuas (los ntawm kev xa ntawv lossis xa mus) yuav cuam tshuam rau kev kuaj mob. Peb tau txais kev pom zoo los ntawm qhov tsis sib txawv ntawm cov qauv sau los ntawm kev xa ntawv thiab xa tuaj.
Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias qhov tseeb uas siv nyob rau hauv qhov kev sib tw dhau los (qhuav swabs thiab cov hlua txias txias) tsis tau muab piv rau ib puag ncig, peb tsis tuaj yeem kwv yees qhov cuam tshuam ntawm txoj hauv kev tshiab piv rau qhov uas tau siv nyob rau hauv dhau los. Ib qho kev txwv ntxiv yog tias peb tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv tseeb ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm txhua tus neeg koom. Txawm hais tias kev tso cai rau kev sib txuas cov ntaub ntawv yog nyob rau theem siab (87·5 feem pua hauv ib puag ncig 14), tsis yog txhua tus neeg koom nrog pom zoo txuas mus rau lawv cov ntaub ntawv NHS, uas suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm COVID-19 kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Rau cov neeg uas nws cov ntaub ntawv tsis sib txuas, cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hnub txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab hom tshuaj tiv thaiv yog ploj lawm lossis tsis tshua muaj kev ntseeg siab dua li hauv cov ntaub ntawv txuas; yog li ntawd, peb ua raws li peb qhov kev kwv yees ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo ntawm cov neeg koom nrog cov ntaub ntawv sib txuas. Txoj hauv kev no yuav tau qhia txog kev tsis ncaj ncees rau qhov uas cov neeg ua thiab tsis pom zoo rau cov ntaub ntawv sib txuas yuav txawv ntawm txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb, xws li cov qauv sib xyaw ua ke, uas yuav cuam tshuam rau kev pheej hmoo kis mob.
Tsis tas li ntawd, rau peb qhov kev kwv yees ntawm kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm hom tshuaj tiv thaiv, txawm tias peb tswj lub hnub nyoog thiab puag ncig hauv peb cov qauv, qhov ntau ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav ua rau ntau dhau. Qhov no yog vim tias muaj cov qauv sib txawv ntawm cov hnub nyoog tshwj xeeb hauv kev xa tshuaj tiv thaiv (nrog rau ChAdOx1 n Cov-19 [Oxford–AstraZeneca] tshuaj tiv thaiv tau raug siv rau cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog siab dua lossis sib npaug li 40 xyoo) nrog rau qhov sib txawv ntawm kis tau tus mob rau cov hnub nyoog uas tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib txawv. REACT-1 tsis nyob hauv thaj chaw thaum Lub Yim Hli 2021, yog li muaj kev ncua ze li 2 lub hlis ntawm qhov kawg ntawm 13 lub Xya Hli 12, thiab pib ntawm puag ncig 14 thaum Lub Cuaj Hli 9, 2021.
Txawm hais tias nws muaj peev xwm ua tau tias qhov kev kwv yees ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem sib txawv nyob rau lub sijhawm no, peb tsis tau pom cov pov thawj rau kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv. Hauv kev xaus, peb pom cov pov thawj ntawm kev nce ntxiv ntawm swab positivity ntawm cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog kawm ntawv nrog rau qhov muaj ntau dua ntawm swab positivity 3-6 lub hlis tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ob koob tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID-19 hauv cov neeg laus. Kev siv zog txuas ntxiv mus txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv menyuam yaus hnub nyoog kawm ntawv thiab xa cov koob tshuaj ntxiv rau txhua tus neeg laus hnub nyoog 18 xyoo thiab laus dua yuav tsum pab tiv thaiv kev txo qis hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm ob tus neeg thiab cov pej xeem. Nyob rau lub caij ntuj no hauv tebchaws Askiv, NHS feem ntau los ntawm kev mob khaub thuas thiab lwm yam kab mob, thiab qhov no tau ua rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2021, los ntawm kev kis kab mob omicron sai. Yog li ntawd nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas qhov kev pab cuam txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kom muaj kev tiv thaiv siab, suav nrog kev txhawb nqa, thiab ncav cuag cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus uas tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ib nrab kom txo tau SARS-CoV-2 sib kis thiab cuam tshuam cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm thiab kev kawm.
cistanche tubolosa ntxiv: txhim kho kev tiv thaiv
Cov ntaub ntawv
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