Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Txhim Kho Testosterone Secretion Ntawm Leydig Cells Los Ntawm Aphrodisiac Traditional Suav Tshuaj

Abstract:Testosteronesynthesis muaj feem xyuam rau txiv neej kev ua haujlwm thiab kev laus. Leydig hlwb yog lub hauv paus rau kev sib txuas thiab tso tawm ntawm testosterone. Ntau yam enzymes thiab cov ntsiab lus hloov pauv tau koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm testosterone synthesis. Ua kom sov thiab ua kom lub raum-yang tsoos suav tshuaj thiab nws cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb, suav nrog epimedium, dodder, thiabcistanche, tau raug pov thawj los tswj cov qib ntawm cov qog endocrine, txhim kho oxidative kev nyuaj siab, inhibit o, tswjtestosteronesynthesis-related enzyme mRNA thiab protein qhia, thiab cuam tshuam rau testosterone synthesis thiab secretion. Ua ke nrog cov ntaub ntawv, cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau kev sib txuas thiab kev tso tawm ntawm testosterone hauv Leydig hlwb, thiab kev tshawb fawb txog kev tswj hwm ntawm testosterone synthesis thiab secretion los ntawm kev ua kom sov thiab tonifying raum yang Suav tshuaj raug tshuaj xyuas.

Cistanche, Epemedium Herbal Supplement rau txhawbTestosteronesynthesis

Ntsiab lus: Leydig hlwb;testosterone; androgen; epimedium; warming thiab tonifying raum yang

Testosteroneyog ib qho tseem ceeb androgen hauv lub cev. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias 95 feem pua ntawm covtestosteronenyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev yog synthesized thiab secreted los ntawm Leydig cell (LC), thiab ib tug me me ntawmtestosteroneKuj tseem zais los ntawm cov kabmob xws li qog adrenal, lub raum, thiab zes qe menyuam. Testosterone tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau lub hom phiaj ntawm lub cev los ntawm androgen receptor, thiab androgen receptor yog dav faib nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg sib txuas ntawm lub cev xeeb tub, lub paj hlwb, thiab cov hlab ntsha. Cov haujlwm tseem ceeb heev [1]. Kev sib txawv ntawm testosterone synthesis thiab secretion tuaj yeem ua rau hypogonadism, thiab lwm yam, thiab ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib thiab kab mob plawv, thiab muaj kev sib txuas nrog kev rog thiab metabolic syndrome, thiab tuaj yeem ua rau mob pob txha, kev nyuaj siab thiab polycystic zes qe menyuam Syndrome thiab lwm yam. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tswj tau lub cev muaj zog ntawm testosterone.

Thaum lub sij hawm kev loj hlob ntawm LC los ntawm fetus mus rau cov neeg laus, nws nthuav tawm cov yam ntxwv nkhaus. Fetal Leydig cells (FLC) tuaj yeem tsim cov tshuaj androgen siab uas tsim nyog rau kev sib txawv ntawm txiv neej tus yam ntxwv thaum lub sij hawm kev loj hlob ntawm fetal. Tom qab yug me nyuam testosterone txo nrog tus naj npawb ntawm FLC. Nws ncav cuag nws cov nadir nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov postpartum lub sij hawm. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm LC, testosterone maj mam nce mus rau qib siab txij li hnub nyoog laus mus txog rau hnub nyoog laus [2]. Lub voj voog sib txawv ntawm LC thiab cov kev hloov pauv hauv kev sib xyaw thiab tso tawm ntawm testosterone, uas yog, lub voj voog hloov ntawm txiv neej txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev laus, tej zaum yuav muaj feem xyuam rau "Tiangui" hais hauv "Ancient Innocence". Cov neeg laus hnub nyoog nruab nrab thiab cov neeg laus feem ntau pom cov mob raum tsis txaus vim "Tian Gui Jie", thiab qhov tsis txaus ntawm lub raum tseem ceeb dua hauv lub xeev tus kab mob. Cov tshuaj suav tshuaj ua kom sov thiab ua kom lub raum yang yog ib yam tshuaj zoo rau kev txhim kho raum yang deficiency syndrome. Daim ntawv no tsom mus rau kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm kev nce qib ntawm testosterone ntau lawm hauv Leydig hlwb los ntawm kev ua kom sov thiab ua kom lub raum-yang tsoos suav tshuaj.

1 Cov txheej txheem synthesis ntawm Testosterone thiab cov kev cai ntawm nws cov secretion

1. 1 Biochemical txheej txheem ntawm testosterone synthesis Cov khoom siv raw rau testosterone synthesis yog cov roj cholesterol, uas nkag mus rau hauv mitochondrial membrane los ntawm cov txheej txheem mitochondrial membrane raws li kev tswj hwm ntawm steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR). nyhuv. Tom qab cov roj (cholesterol) raug thauj mus rau sab hauv mitochondrial membrane, cov roj cholesterol sab saw cleavage enzyme P450scc encoded los ntawm cytochrome P450 tsev neeg 11 subfamily Ib tug tswv cuab 1 (CYP11A1) cleaves sab saw ntawm cov roj cholesterol rau hauv pregnenolone (pregnenolone, testosterone ntawm Δ5), Δ 4 txoj kev. Txoj kev Δ5 tseem hu ua txoj kev classical, uas yog, PREG tau hloov mus rau hauv 17 -hydroxypregnenolone (17 -hydroxypregnenolone, 17OH-PREG), ces hloov mus rau hauv dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), thiab tom qab ntawd hloov mus rau hauv androstenedione ( androstenedione). ), thiab thaum kawg catalyzed los ntawm 3 -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 3 -HSD) rau hauv testosterone. Δ4 txoj kev, uas yog, PREG yog catalyzed los ntawm 3 HSD hauv mitochondria thiab endoplasmic reticulum los hloov progesterone (progesterone), thiab progesterone hloov mus rau hauv progesterone los ntawm cytochrome P450 steroid 17- -monooxygenase (cytochrome P4250} steroid monooxygenase, CYP17A1) encoded P450c17 hydroxylase rau hauv 17 -hydroxyprogesterone ({29}}hydroxyprogesterone), rau hauv androstenedione thiab thaum kawg mus rau testosterone [2-5].

Enzymes ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev sib txuas ntawm testosterone. Cytochrome P450 (cytochrome P450, CYP450) thiab hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, HSD) yog cov enzymes tseem ceeb rau tag nrho cov steroid synthesis. CYP450 yog ib qho tseem ceeb catalyst nyob rau hauv cov metabolism ntawm steroids, P450scc encoded los ntawm CYP11A1 yog tus nqi-txheej enzyme rau steroid synthesis, thiab CYP17A1 encodes P450c17 enzyme, uas ib txhij muaj 17 hydroxylase kev ua si thiab 17, Tsis tas li ntawd, P450 oxidoreductase (cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase, POR) auxiliary protein kuj koom nrog hauv txhua kauj ruam ntawm CYP17A1 catalysis, thiab cytochrome b5 (cytochrome b5, CYB5A) koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm CYP17A1 raws li kev txhawb nqa cov tshuaj tiv thaiv redox [6], . Tsis tas li ntawd, ferredoxin 1 (ferredoxin 1, FDX1) thiab ferredoxin reductase (ferredoxin reductase, FDXR) tuaj yeem txhawb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cytochrome P450 [7]. 17 -Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17 -HSDs) yog ib chav kawm ntawm oxidoreductases, ntawm cov 17 HSD2, 17 -HSD3, 17 -HSD4, AKR1C3, thiab lwm yam. Nws ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv steroid metabolism [8] Cytoplasmic sulfonase (sulfotransferase 2A1, SULT2A1) tuaj yeem sulfate DHEA thiab thauj mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha. Vim tias tsis muaj SULT2A1 hauv lub testis, testosterone synthesis hauv testis hloov los ntawm DHEA mus rau testosterone los ntawm txoj kev Δ5. Kev hloov pauv ntawm testosterone rau hauv dihydrotestosterone los ntawm 5 -reductase (SRD5A) tuaj yeem ua rau muaj zog dua [9].

Qee qhov kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem tswj hwm cov tshuaj steroid synthesis los ntawm kev tswj cov noob qhia ntawm steroid synthase thiab cov protein, xws li P450scc, P450c17, 3 -HSD, StAR thiab high-density lipoprotein receptor (Scavenger receptor BI, SRBI), suav nrog steroidogenic factor ( steroidogenic yam -1, SF-1), Nur77 receptors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, aryl hydrocarbon receptors, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic adenosine monophosphate, cAMP) teb cov ntsiab lus khi cov protein thiab GATA yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, nuclear factor κB (nuclear factor kappa-B, NF-κB), arachidonic acid, phosphatase, transforming growth factor, etc. tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov synthesis ntawm testosterone [10].

1. 2 Yam regulating testosterone synthesis thiab secretion LC

Lub secretion ntawm testosterone yog tswj los ntawm hypothalamus-adenophysis, lub hypothalamus secretes gonadotrophin-tso hormone (GnRH), thiab tswj cov follicle-stimulating hormone (Folllicle-stimulating Hormone, FSH) thiab luteinizing hormone (Luteinizing Hormone) ntawm pituitary caj pas. , LH). FSH ua rau cov hlwb Sertoli kom tso cov protein ntau hauv androgen, thiab LH ua rau LC los tswj androgen synthesis. Nws khi rau cov receptors ntawm daim nyias nyias ntawm LC hlwb, thiab tom qab ntawd ua khub rau G protein kom qhib adenylate cyclase. Adenylyl cyclase converts adenosine triphosphate rau

cAMP, yog li ua kom cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (protein kinase A, PKA). PKA txhawb kev qhia ntawm steroidogenic enzymes xws li StarR los ntawm phosphorylation ntawm cov serine thiab threonine residues. cAMP thiab Ca2 ntxiv yog tus xa xov thib ob ntawm LH txoj hauv kev, Ca

2 ntxiv tuaj yeem qhib cAMP hauv lem[5]. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov thyroid hormone (T3) muaj qhov cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau ntawm testosterone ntau lawm, thiab cov tshuaj hormones thiab cytokines xws li qia cell factor, Mullerian inhibitor, INSL3 thiab IGF-I kuj cuam tshuam rau kev sib txuas thiab tso tawm ntawm testosterone [11].