Kev Tiv Thaiv Cov Teeb Meem Ntawm Quercetin Ntawm Oxidative Stress-Induced Tubular Epithelial Kev puas tsuaj hauv Kev sim nas Hyperoxaluria Model

Yog xav paub ntxiv. tiv taujtina.xiang@wecistanche.com

Abstract: Keeb Kwm thiab Lub Hom Phiaj: Feem ntaulub raum pob zebyog cov pob zeb calcium thiab calcium oxalate (CaOx) pob zeb yog hom calcium pob zeb ntau tshaj. Hyperoxaluria yog qhov tseem ceeb txaus ntshai rau kev tsim cov pob zeb no.Quercetinyog polyphenol nrog antioxidant, tiv thaiv inflammatory, thiab ntau lwm yam physiological teebmeem. Lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj kev tshawb no yog txhawm rau tshawb xyuas cov txiaj ntsig tiv thaiv ntawm quercetin hauv hyperoxaluria-induced nephrolithiasis. Cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem: Txiv neej Wistar-Albino nas hnyav 250-300 g (n=24) tau muab faib ua peb pawg: Tswj (n=8), ethylene glycol (EG)(n{{6}) }}), thiab EG ntxiv rau quercetin (n=8). Ib feem pua ​​​​EG-dej tov tau muab rau txhua tus nas tshwj tsis yog rau pawg tswj hwm li dej haus rau tsib lub lis piam. Quercetin-dej tov tau muab rau pawg EG ntxiv rau quercetin los ntawm qhov ncauj gavage ntawm koob tshuaj 10 mg / kg / hnub. Malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), urea, calcium, thiab oxalate qib tau txheeb xyuas hauv cov ntshav thiab zis. Kev ntsuam xyuas histopathological thiab immunohistochemical tsom xam rauoxidative kev nyuaj siabthiabmobcov ntsuas p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK) thiab nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) tau ua rau ntawm lub raum cov ntaub so ntswg. Cov txiaj ntsig: Cov qib MDA tau qis dua hauv pawg quercetin-kho dua li hauv pawg EG-kho (p=0.001). Txawm hais tias CAT qib siab dua hauv pawg quercetin-kho dua li pawg EG-tswj, lawv tsis txawv ntawm cov pab pawg no. Qhov kev qhia ntawm p38 MAPK tau tsawg dua hauv pawg quercetin-kho dua li hauv pawg EG (p<0.004). there="" was="" no="" statistically="" significant="" difference="" between="" the="" quercetin="" and="" eg="" groups="" in="" terms="" of="" nf-kb="" expression.="" conclusions:="" we="" conclude="" that="" hyperoxaluria="" activated="" the="" signaling="" pathways,="" which="" facilitate="" the="" oxidative="" processes="" leading="" to="" oxalate="" stone="" formation="" in="" the="" kidneys.="" our="" findings="" indicated="" that="" quercetin="" reduced="" damage="" due="" to="" hyperoxaluria.="" these="" results="" imply="" that="" quercetin="" can="" be="" considered="" a="" therapeutic="" agent="" for="" decreasing="" oxalate="" stone="" formation,="" especially="" in="" patients="" with="" recurrent="" stones="" due="" to="">

Ntsiab luscalcium oxalate; hyperoxaluria; oxidative kev nyuaj siab; quercetin

Nyem qhov no kom paub ntau yam khoom

1. Taw qhia

Kev tsim pob zeb hauv cov zis muaj ntau yam, suav nrog cov concentration ntawm ions ua rau cov pob zeb tsim, cov zis pH, cov zis tso zis, thiab cov zis anatomy [l]. Kwv yees li ntawm 75 feem pua ​​​​ntawm lub raum pob zeb yog cov pob zeb calcium, thiab calcium oxalate (CaOx) pob zeb yog cov pob zeb uas muaj calcium ntau tshaj [2,3]. Nws paub tias hyperoxaluria yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev pheej hmoo rau kev tsim cov pob zeb no. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov nce hauv urinary oxalate concentration induces pob zeb tsim los ntawm calcium thiab oxalate ions los ua CaOx crystals ntawm physiological pH. Nws tau pom tias qhov ntau tshaj oxalate concentration ua rau lub raum tubule hlwb ntawm cov pa dawb radicals thiab nce lipid peroxidation thiab cov txheej txheem no pab txhawb kev tsim cov CaOx crystals thiab lawv txuas rau lub raum tubular epithelium [4,5].

Txawm hais tias muaj kev txhim kho hauv kev kho lub raum pob zeb, qhov rov tshwm sim ntawm 10 feem pua ​​​​hauv ib xyoos, 35 feem pua ​​​​hauv tsib xyoos, thiab 50 feem pua ​​​​hauv kaum xyoo tau tshaj tawm rau cov pob zeb calcium oxalate [6,7]. Cov kev rov muaj dua siab dua no tau coj cov kws tshawb fawb los tshawb nrhiav cov kev tiv thaiv muaj peev xwm rau kev rov tshwm sim ntawm CaOx pob zeb [6-8].

Quercetinyog flavanol pom nyob rau hauv ntau yam khoom noj, nrog rau txiv ntseej, cawv, noob, thiab qee cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub [8]. Ntxiv nrog rau nws cov muaj zog antioxidant, radical scavenging, thiab anti-inflammatory kev ua ub no, nws kuj muaj antibacterial, antiviral, gastroprotective, thiab tiv thaiv-modulating kev ua ub no [8-10].

Kev nce hauv oxidative kev nyuaj siab tau pom nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob raum pob zeb [11]. Yog li ntawd, qhov kev pheej hmoo tsawg dua ntawm nephrolithiasis tau tshaj tawm hauv cov neeg mob uas muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antioxidant ntau dua li cov uas tsis muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv antioxidant [12]. Nws tau pom tias Randall plaques, uas xav tias tsim los ntawm oxidative kev nyuaj siab, muaj lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv CaOx pob zeb rov tshwm sim [13]. Yog li, inhibition ntawm Randall plaque tsim thiab oxidative kev nyuaj siab tej zaum yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tiv thaiv pob zeb.

Txoj kev tshawb no tau tshawb xyuas qhov muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv tau ntawm quercetin hauv nephrolithiasis thiab nephrocalcinosis los ntawm kev txiav txim siab nws qhov cuam tshuam rau oxidative kev nyuaj siab thiab o ntawm tus nas hyperoxaluria qauv.

2. Cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem

2.1. Tsiaj

Txiv neej Wistar-Albino nas hnyav 250-300 g (n =24) tau siv rau hauv qhov kev sim no, ua nyob rau hauv Süleyman Demirel University Experimental Animal Laboratory. Cov nas tsuag tau nyob hauv chav tswj ntawm 25 ± 1 degree nrog 55 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov av noo. Lawv tau muab zaub mov thiab dej ad libitum. Txoj kev tshawb no tau ua tom qab tau txais kev pom zoo los ntawm Süleyman Demirel University Animal Experiments Ethical Review Committee (pom zoo: 33/01). Txhua qhov kev sim tau ua raws li cov qauv kev coj ua tau qhia hauv European Union Cov Lus Qhia 2010/63 / EU rau kev sim tsiaj.

2.2. Tshuaj

Ethylene glycol (EG) tau yuav los ntawm Merck Chemicals (Darmstadt, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees), thaum quercetin tau yuav los ntawm Sigma Chemicals (St. Louis, MO, USA).

2.3. Hyperoxaluria-Induced Nephrolithiasis Model thiab Quercetin Administration

Cov nas tau muab faib ua peb pawg; tswj (n{{{{10}}}}), EG(n =8), thiab EG plus quercetin (n =8) pawg. Txhua tus nas tshwj tsis yog rau pawg tswj hwm tau muab 1 feem pua ​​​​EG-dej daws raws li cov dej haus rau tsib lub lis piam [14]. Ib koob tshuaj 10 mg / kg / hnub ntawm cov tshuaj quercetin-dej tau muab rau cov nas hauv pawg EG ntxiv rau quercetin los ntawm qhov ncauj gavage. Nees nkaum plaub teev cov zis tau sau los ntawm cov tsiaj nyob rau hnub 0 ua ntej muab EG lossis quercetin thiab hnub 15 thiab 30. Cov nas tsuag tau tshuaj loog thaum kawg ntawm tsib lub lis piam sim, thiab cov ntshav tau sau los ntawm cov cava qis dua. leeg. Tom qab ntawd, cov nas tau muab txi, thiab ob lub raum tau raug tshem tawm sai. Txoj cai ob lub raum tau embedded nyob rau hauv 10 feem pua ​​​​ntawm nruab nrab-buffered formaldehyde. Sab laug ob lub raum raug ntxuav nrog txias 0.9 feem pua ​​​​sodium chloride tov thiab khaws cia ntawm -80 degree kom txog thaum homogenization.

2.4.Biochemical Analyzes

Kev soj ntsuam ntawm qib plasma oxalate tau ua los ntawm cov txheej txheem yav dhau los tau piav qhia los ntawm Ladwig li al. [15]. Qib oxalate hauv cov zis tau txiav txim los ntawm cov khoom siv enzymatic Trinity Biotech Oxalate (Trinity Biotech pic, St. Louis, MO, USA).Catalase (CAT) yog ib qho enzyme antioxidant [10,16]. Catalase kev ua haujlwm tau ntsuas los ntawm Aebi txoj kev [16]. Supernatant protein ntau tau txheeb xyuas los ntawm bovine serum albumin siv txoj kev Lowry raws li tau piav qhia hauv tus qauv txheej txheem [17]. Malondialdehyde (MDA) qib kuj tau ana-lyzed vim MDA suav tias yog biomarker ntawm oxidative kev nyuaj siab [9]. Cov qib Malondialdehyde tau ntsuas spectrophotometrically raws li txoj kev npaj los ntawm Ohkawa li al. [18] Kev kuaj pom cov protein tau ua los ntawm txoj kev piav qhia los ntawm Lowry li al. [17]. Cov qib creatinine ntawm plasma thiab zis tau ntsuas los ntawm colorimetry raws li txoj kev Jaffe; plasma urea concentrations tau soj ntsuam los ntawm kinetic-colorimetric txoj kev thiab urease thiab glutamate dehydrogenase cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Hauv qhov sib piv, cov zis calcium qib tau ntsuas los ntawm autoanalyzer ntawm Schwarzenbach thiab o-Cresolphthalein txoj kev nyuaj. Lub sij hawm tso zis thiab cov ntshav kuaj tau muab xam los xam creatinine clearance. Cov zis ntim (V) tau qhia hauv mL, thaum cov ntshav thiab cov zis creatinine tau qhia hauv mg / dl. Creatinine clearance yog xam raws li cov qauv:

creatinine clearance (mL/min)=U(mg/dL) × V(mL/min)/S (mg/dL)[V: zis ntim (mL/min), U: tso zis creatinine (mg/ dL), S: Serum creatinine (mg / dL)]

2.5. Histopathological Analyzes

Lub raum txoj cai tau muab tso rau hauv 10 feem pua ​​​​ntxhiab tsw-buffered formaldehyde (Merck-KGaA, Darmstadt, Lub teb chaws Yelemees). Kev ua cov ntaub so ntswg tau pib tom qab lub sijhawm kho ntawm 24-48 h.Lub raumCov ntaub so ntswg tau stained nrog hematoxylin thiab eosin (H&E) thiab tshuaj xyuas nyob rau hauv lub teeb lub teeb. Kev kuaj mob histopathological tau ua los ntawm 10 ×, 20 ×, thiab 40 × magnifications, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev ntsuam xyuas vascular congestion nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si medulla thiab cortical glomeruli, kev siv ntawm mononuclear cell infiltration, thiab qhov ntau thiab tsawg thiab cov duab ntawm tubular lumina.

2.6. Immunohistochemical Analyzes

Nuclear transcription factor-kB(NF-kB) thiab p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK) yog ob txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb ntawm cov qib protein hauv proinflammatory cytokine biosynthesis [19]. Tsis tas li ntawd, oxalate xaiv qhib lub p38-MAPK txoj kev taw qhia [20]. Slides raug coj mus rau hauv lub thawv incubation tom qab blockage. NF-kB/p65 antibody (Santa Cruz, sc{10}}) tau ntxiv rau thawj ntu, MAPK/p38 antibody (Santa Cruz, sc-7149) mus rau ntu thib ob, thiab lwm yam tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thib ob ( Tshis anti-polyvalent, Thermo) tau ntxiv rau cov ntu txuas ntxiv rau kev tswj hwm lub hom phiaj thiab khaws cia ntawm ntxiv 4 degree thaum hmo ntuj. Cov khoom siv ABCStaining (Santa Cruz, sc-2018) tau siv rau lwm qhov ntawm cov txheej txheem staining. Cov ntaub so ntswg npog nrog lamella siv Entella tau khaws cia thiab qhuav rau kev tshuaj xyuas nrog lub teeb pom kev zoo. Cov ntu tau muab qhab nia raws li hauv qab no, nyob ntawm qhov kev siv ntawm staining nyob rau hauv lub teeb microscopy, raws li nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no los ntawm Liu HS li al. [19]: (一) qhab nia (cov qhab nia tsis zoo)∶ tsis muaj xim;

(ntxiv ) qhab nia (1 qhab nia zoo): me me;

(ntxiv rau ntxiv) qhab nia (2 cov qhab nia zoo): nruab nrab;

(ntxiv rau ntxiv ntxiv) qhab nia (3 cov qhab nia zoo): ua tiav staining tam sim no.

2.7. Kev txheeb cais

Kev txheeb xyuas txheeb cais tau ua los ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb rau Social Sciences 11.0 (SPSS 11.0) software. Cov nqi tau muab raws li txhais tau tias ± tus qauv sib txawv. Qhov kev faib tawm ib txwm hloov pauv tau raug sim los ntawm ib qho qauv Kolmogorov-Smirnov xeem. Ib txoj kev ANOVA tau ua thiab, yog tias pom tias yog qhov tseem ceeb, Duncan's post hoc test tau siv los ntsuas thiab txiav txim siab qhov sib txawv ntawm pawg. Tus nqi p-tus nqi tau suav tias yog qhov tseem ceeb thaum nws nyob hauv qab no<>

3. Cov txiaj ntsig

3.1. Cov txiaj ntsig biochemical

Cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb pab pawg tau pom nyob rau hauv Table 1. Qhov nruab nrab MDA qib ntawm pawg EG yog siab dua li pawg tswj hwm, thaum qhov nruab nrab MDA qib ntawm pawg quercetin qis dua EG pawg (p= 0.001) . Tsis muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov pab pawg hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm CAT cov haujlwm. Hauv peb txoj kev tshawb fawb, MDA qib tau txo qis los ntawm quercetin, thaum CAT kev ua haujlwm tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm quercetin. Cov qib oxalate hauv cov zis tau nce siab hauv pawg EG ntau dua li lwm pab pawg (p<0.001). however,="" the="" urinary="" oxalate="" levels="" of="" the="" quercetin="" group="" were="" significantly="" lower="" than="" the="" eg="" group=""><0.001). these="" results="" indicated="" that="" quercetin="" reduced="" the="" urinary="" oxalate="" levels,="" which="" were="" increased="" by="" eg="" administration.="" while="" the="" plasma="" urea="" concentration="" increased="" significantly="" in="" the="" eg="" group="" compared="" to="" in="" the="" control="" group,="" a="" statistically="" significant="" decrease="" was="" observed="" in="" the="" quercetin="" group="" compared="" to="" the="" eg="" group=""><0.05). there="" was="" no="" statistically="" significant="" difference="" between="" the="" groups="" in="" terms="" of="" creatinine="" clearance="" and="" plasma="" oxalate="" levels="" (p="">0.05). Txawm hais tias quercetin txo qis plasma oxalate qib qhov no tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb. Calcium concentration ntawm cov zis tau txo qis hauv lwm pab pawg tshaj li hauv pawg tswj hwm (p<0.05). however,="" there="" was="" no="" statistically="" significant="" difference="" between="" eg="" and="" quercetin="" groups="" in="" terms="" of="" mean="" urinary="" calcium="" concentrations.="" altogether="" these="" findings="" indicate="" that="" eg="" increased="" urinary="" oxalate="" excretion="" and="" plasma="" urea="" concentration="" and="" decreased="" urinary="" calcium="">

3.2. Cov txiaj ntsig Histopathological

Kev tshuaj xyuas histopathological ntawm pawg tswj hwm nas lub raum nyob rau hauv lub teeb microscopy qhia pom ib txwm pom (Daim duab 1-Control). Kev tshawb pom, suav nrog kev ua paug hauv cov hlab ntsha glomerular, mononuclear cell infiltration, thiab nqaim ntawm tubular lumens, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov tubules ze, tau kuaj pom hauv pawg EG (Daim duab 1-EG). Cov kev tshawb pom histopathological zoo sib xws tau pom hauv pawg quercetin, tab sis lawv txhua tus mob me dua (Daim duab 1-EG ntxiv rau quercetin). Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas tau siv los ntsuas seb qhov sib txawv no puas tseem ceeb.

3.3. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Immunohistochemical

Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm quercetin ntawm p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK) thiab nuclear factor kappa B(NF-kB) tau tshawb xyuas los ntawm immunohistochemical staining ntawm lub raum cov ntaub so ntswg (Daim duab 2). Kev sib piv ntawm cov pab pawg nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm p38-MAPK elucidated hais tias lub raum cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm EG pab nas tau stained ntau heev dua li cov tswj pab pawg nas(p<0.001). on="" the="" other="" hand,="" p38-mapkstaining="" was="" significantly="" less="" intense="" in="" the="" quercetin="" group="" than="" in="" the="" eg="" group.="" the="" statistical="" analysis="" revealed="" that="" quercetin="" reduced="" p38-mapk="" activity="" significantly="" compared="" to="" the="" eg="" group=""><>

Kev sib piv ntawm cov pab pawg hais txog NF-kB immunostaining tau qhia tias lub raum cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov nas nyob rau hauv pawg EG tau stains ntau dua li cov nas hauv pawg tswj hwm (p<0.001). there="" was="" no="" statistically="" significant="" difference="" between="" the="" other="" groups="" in="" terms="" of="" the="" intensity="" of="" nf-kb="" staining.="" altogether,="" these="" findings="" pointed="" out="" that="" eginduced="" the="" p38-mapk="" and="" nf-kb="" activities="" in="" renal="" tissues.="" additionally,="" quercetin="" significantly="" reduced="" p38-mapk="" activity="" while="" it="" had="" no="" significant="" effect="" on="" nf-kb="" activity.="" the="" relevant="" data="" are="" displayed="" in="" table="">

4. Kev sib tham

Txawm hais tias muaj kev nce qib hauv cov kev cuam tshuam tsawg kawg nkaus rau kev kho mob nephrolithiasis, cov pob zeb uas nyob hauv siab thiab rov ua dua tshiab tseem ua teeb meem loj rau cov neeg mob thiab urologist [21]. Yog li ntawd, cov tswv yim kho mob zoo yog xav tau.

Lub ntsiab mechanisms ntawm pob zeb tsim tsis tau raug txheeb xyuas; Txawm li cas los xij, nws paub tias kwv yees li 80 feem pua ​​​​ntawm lub raum pob zeb muaj CaOx thiab ib qho ntawm feem ntau ua rau CaOx pob zeb yog hyperoxaluria [1,22]. Oxalate yog ib yam khoom los ntawm cov metabolism hauv ib txwm, tshem tawm ntawm lub cev raws li ib txwm muaj [20]. Hauv hyperoxaluria. urinary oxalate ntau dhau ua ke nrog calcium ntawm lub cev pHand cov ntaub ntawv CaOxcrystals, accumulating nyob rau hauv lub raum. Cov CaOx crystals tau pom tias ua rau lub raum tubular epithelial hlwb puas thiab ua rau lub raum pob zeb kab mob [14,20]. Yog li ntawd, hyperoxaluria nas qauv tau dav siv los ua rau lub raum pob zeb tsim hauv tib neeg. Hauv cov kev tshawb fawb no, EG tau siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev hyperoxaluria-inducing, ib yam li hauv peb txoj kev tshawb fawb [14,20].

Nws tau tshaj tawm tias oxalate concentration hauv cov zis tau nce hauv ob hnub, hyperoxaluria tsim nyob rau hauv peb hnub, CaOx crystalluria tsim nyob rau hauv ob lub lis piam, thiab CaOx nephrolithiasis tau pom nyob rau hauv {{0}} lub lis piam thaum 0.{{2} } feem pua ​​​​EG tau tswj hwm rau inducing hyperoxaluria [14,22]. Thaum kawg ntawm cov txheej txheem no, lwm yam urinary yam thiab creatinine tshem tawm tseem nyob rau hauv ib txwm txwv, thaum tso zis pH thiab citrate excretion raug txo qis [14,22]. Hauv peb txoj kev tshawb fawb, peb induced hyperoxaluria los ntawm kev tswj hwm 1 feem pua ​​​​EG, uas tom qab ntawd ua rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov cell hauv tubular hlwb.

Nyob rau hauv hyperoxaluria, tsub zuj zuj ntawm CaOx crystals nyob rau hauv lub raum papilla collector duct lumina thiab resulting pob zeb zoo li deposits ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam, uas paves txoj kev rau lub raum deterioration. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov txheej txheem no, cov ntshav ntawm cov khoom pov tseg nitrogenous, xws li uric acid, ntshav urea nitrogen, thiab creatinine tuaj yeem nce [22,23]. Hauv peb txoj kev tshawb fawb, lub raum tsis ua haujlwm tau pom los ntawm kev nce qib hauv cov ntshav urea hauv cov tsiaj kho nrog EG. Txawm li cas los xij, kev kho quercetin txo qis cov ntshav urea ntau ntau.

Quercetin yog ib qho molecule uas muaj zog antioxidant thiab tiv thaiv inflammatory teebmeem [24]. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv zaub, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tshuaj yej, thiab ntau hom zaub mov. Ntxiv rau qhov ua kom muaj zog scavenger ntawm reactive oxygen hom (ROS), quercetin nce tag nrho cov ntshav plasma antioxidant muaj peev xwm [25,26]. Nws tau tshaj tawm nyob rau hauv qee qhov kev tshawb fawb tias flavonoids txo oxidative kev nyuaj siab nyob rau hauv lub raum tubular hlwb, tiv thaiv lub tsub zuj zuj ntawm CaOx crystals, thiab txo lipid peroxidation induced los ntawm oxalate nyob rau hauv cell kab lis kev cai [27,28].

Nws tau lees paub tias oxidative kev nyuaj siab plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov pob zeb rau lub raum [12,22]. Cov CaOx crystals sau nyob rau hauv lub raum cov ntaub so ntswg ua rau lub synthesis ntawm ob peb macromolecules uas pib inflammatory thiab fibrogenic dab. Reactive oxygen hom feem ntau yuav koom nrog ntau yam xwm txheej thaum lub sijhawm no [14]. Hauv ob qho tib si tsiaj thiab lub raum epithelial cell kab lis kev cai kev tshawb fawb, cov dawb radical tsim tau pom nyob rau hauv teb rau hyperoxaluria thiab CaOx crystal formation [20,22]. Txij li lipids yog cov biomolecules rhiab tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub cell membrane tiv thaiv dawb radicals, lipid peroxidation tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub cell membranes [27,28]. Lipid peroxidation yog thawj qhov tshwm sim ntawm cellular puas vim nws cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem membrane thiab tom qab ntawd ua rau cell puas. MDA yog qhov taw qhia ntawm lipid peroxidation; nws kuj qhia tias ROS yog overproduced [22,29]. Yog li ntawd nws yog siv nyob rau hauv kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm lipid peroxidation. Nws paub tias kev puas tsuaj los ntawm CaOxcrystal deposition thiab tsim ntawm ROS tuaj yeem tiv thaiv lossis txo los ntawm endogenous antioxidants xws li superoxide dismutase (SOD), CAT, thiab glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) [20,22,29]. Hauv kev tshawb fawb tam sim no, MDA qib tau pom tias nce ntxiv hauv kev sim tsiaj tus qauv ntawm hyperoxaluric nephrolithiasis, uas tau ua tiav los ntawm kev tswj hwm ethylene glycol. Peb txoj kev tshawb fawb kuj tau pom tias quercetin txo cov oxidative kev nyuab siab-txhim kho cov nyhuv ntawm hyperoxaluria, raws li pom los ntawm ob qho tib si biochemical thiab histopathological tsis.

Nws paub tias ROS qhib cov teeb liab molecules xws li protein kinase C (PKC), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), thiab p38-MAPK [21]. Kev ua kom cov teeb liab molecules no ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm NF-kB thiab cov protein nquag ua haujlwm -1(AP-1) cov ntsiab lus hloov pauv. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov xwm txheej no, kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov proteins xws li monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), osteopontin (OPN), fibronectin, thiab transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF{{11}) }) nce [20]. Cov proteins no pab txhawb qhov adhesion ntawm CaOx crystals thiab cov txheej txheem inflammatory [20]. Peerapen et al. tshaj tawm tias p38-MAPK teeb liab txoj hauv kev kho kom haum xeeb cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib txuas nruj ntawm cov hlwb epithelial [30]. Lawv kuj tau pom tias qhov kev qhia ntawm cov proteins uas koom nrog hauv p38-MAPK txoj kev taw qhia tau nce ntxiv thaum lub sij hawm calcium oxalate pob zeb tsim. Nws kuj tau pom tias oxalate tau xaiv qhib lub p38-MAPK teeb liab txoj hauv kev, uas muaj lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv nephrotoxicity ntawm oxalate hauv tib neeg lub raum epithelial hlwb [31]. Shiyong Qi et al. ua pov thawj tias CaOx crystals induced txhim khu kev adhesion molecules nyob rau hauv proximal tubular epithelial hlwb, thiab cov txheej txheem no yog kho los ntawm p38-MAPK signaling pathway [31]. Peb txoj kev tshawb fawb pom tias oxalate induced p38-MAPK thiab NF-kB ua kom. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb tau pom tias quercetin txo qis kev ua haujlwm ntawm p38-MAPK. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv no, nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias quercetin tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev rov tshwm sim ntawm CaOx pob zeb.

Txoj kev tshawb no muaj qee qhov kev txwv. Thawj yog tias tsis muaj pawg tswj hwm tswj hwm quercetin ib leeg, Yog li ntawd, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov ncauj tswj hwm quercetin ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab plab hnyuv nqus ntawm oxalate tsis tau soj ntsuam kom meej. Qhov thib ob, cov nyhuv ntawm quercetin ntawm ethylene glycol absorption kuj tsis raug soj ntsuam. Yog li ntawd, kev tshawb fawb ntxiv yog xav tau los qhia meej txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua ntawm quercetin ntawm hyperoxaluria.

5. Cov lus xaus

Peb xaus lus tias quercetin inhibited cov txheej txheem inflammatory thiab oxidative tshwm sim los ntawm hyperoxaluria hauv cov ntaub so ntswg raum. Txij li cov txheej txheem no ua rau CaOx pob zeb tsim, quercetin tuaj yeem txiav txim siab hauv kev tiv thaiv kev kho mob ntawm cov pob zeb CaOx rov tshwm sim. Txawm li cas los xij, kev sim thiab kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam ntxiv yog xav tau los ua pov thawj peb qhov kev tshawb pom.

Cov ntaub ntawv

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