Pro-Inflammatory Profile ntawm Adipokines nyob rau hauv Obesity Pab rau Pathogenesis, Khoom noj khoom haus tsis zoo, thiab kab mob plawv nyob rau hauv mob raum mob Ⅲ
Jul 23, 2024
6.3. Zinc- 2-Glycoprotein
Zinc- 2-glycoprotein (ZAG) yog ib qho protein uas zais los ntawm ntau lub cev, suav nrog AT thiab lub raum tubular hlwb, thiab yog lwm cov adipokine uas txo cov rog rog. Kev nthuav qhia ntau ntxiv ntawm ZAG noob hauv AT yog tshwm sim los ntawm glucocorticosteroids thiab androgens [117]. ZAG tswj kev zais ntawm lwm cov adipokine hauv AT. Nws txo qis qhov tso tawm ntawm leptin thiab ua rau kom muaj kev tso tawm ntawm adiponectin. Yog li, nws qhov tsis tshua muaj siab ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev rog [118]. Ntawm physiological concentrations, ZAG nce qhov kev qhia ntawm peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) thiab ntxov B-cell factor 2 (EBCF-2) noob los ntawm stimulating cyclic AMP (cAMP). Qhov no, nyob rau hauv lem, pib ib qho kev nce nyob rau hauv lub synthesis ntawm UCP1 thiab PR / SET domain 16 (Prdm16) proteins, uas yog koom nyob rau hauv lub browning txheej txheem ntawm WAT, uas ua rau kom muaj zog siv zog thiab ua rau lipolysis [119].
ZAG raug tso tawm hauv cov zis vim kev puas tsuaj rau basal glomerulus membrane, uas tej zaum yuav tshwm sim los ntawm ntau yam glomerulopathies. Hauv cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib, kev tso zis ntawm ZAG nce ntxiv. Nws tau raug pom tias nws yuav yog biomarker ntawm ntshav qab zib nephropathy. Muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov ntshav ZAG qib thiab covtus nqi ntawm creatininethiabeGFR. Urinary ZAG concentration cuam tshuam nrog albumin / creatinine piv [120,121].
Mob mobthiabnce qib leptin,qu yogfeem ntau hauv kev rog, txo qhov tso tawm ntawm ZAGhauv AT. Kev nce ntxiv ntawm ZAG thaum muaj kev sib npaug ntawm lub zog ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig kev noj qab haus huv. Kev sib raug zoo tsis zoo tau pom ntawm ZAG thiab BMI thiab lub cev rog rog hauv cov neeg rog rog [122]. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv cov xeev ntawm catabolism xws li mob qog noj ntshav cachexia, qhov no adipokine cuam tshuam nrog kev tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus [119].
Cov neeg mob nrog CKD tau nce qib plasma ntawm ZAG thiab nce synthesis hauv WAT piv rau cov neeg noj qab haus huv, uas tej zaum yuav cuam tshuam nrog lub raum tsis ua haujlwm thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm uremia [123,124]. Ntxiv mus, o thiab oxidative kev nyuaj siab yuav ua rau kom ZAG secretion [125].
ZAG tuaj yeem yog biomarker tshiab ntawm kev noj zaub mov tsis txaus vim nws cov khoom lipolytic. Nws activates hormone-dependent lipase (HSL) ntawm cAMP thiab stimulation ntawm adenylate cyclase [126]. Overexpression ntawm ZAG inhibits lipogenesis los ntawm kev txo cov kev qhia ntawm cov noob ntawm enzymes koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem no, xws li fatty-acid synthase (FAS) thiab acetyl-CoA carboxylase [127]. Cov ntshav concentration ntawm ZAG yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo nrog rau qib ntshav ntawm TG thiab tsis zoo nrog HDL cholesterol thiab qib albumin [128,129].
Cov neeg mob rog rog HD muaj qhov txo qis ntawm qhov adipokine piv nrog cov neeg mob uas lub cev hnyav [130]. Qee cov kev tshawb fawb tau qhia txog qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm ZAG concentration thiab feem pua ntawm cov rog hauv lub cev thiab cov lej ntawm cov tawv nqaij [131]. Bouchara et al. soj ntsuam cov txiaj ntsig ntawm ZAG ntawm kev tuag hauv cov neeg mob HD. Qib ZAG siab yog ib qho kev kwv yees ntawm tag nrho cov neeg tuag thiab CVR tsis muaj hnub nyoog, lossis noj zaub mov zoo lossis metabolic [126]. Hauv lwm txoj kev tshawb fawb, ZAG tau cuam tshuam tsis zoo nrog TNF- thiab VCAM-1, uas yog tus cim ntawm atherosclerosis [131].
6.4. Adipose Triglyceride Lipase
Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) yog ib qho enzyme encoded los ntawm patatin-zoo li phospholipase domain uas muaj 2 (PNPLA2) noob. Nws catalyzes thawj lipolysis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, piv txwv li, hydrolysis ntawm triacylglyceride (TAG) rau diacylglyceride (DAG). ATGL qib qis dua hauv cov neeg rog rog thiab rog dua li cov neeg noj qab haus huv nrog lub cev hnyav [132]. Chronic ATGL adipokine deficiency ua rau muaj kev nkag mus ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob rau hauv AT thiab txhim kho cov txheej txheem inflammatory [133]. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lub raum ua haujlwm, ATGL deficiency ua rau lipid tsub zuj zuj, kev puas tsuaj rau glomerular filtration barrier, thiab proteinuria. Txo cov qib ATGL tuaj yeem ua rau cov kab mob ROS nce ntxiv, uas tuaj yeem ua rau F-actin fiber redistribution, foot-process fusion, thiab podocyte apoptosis [134]. ATGL gene qhia yog ntxias los ntawm ZAG hauv VAT thiab SAT [135].
Raws li nws paub, kev tshawb fawb txog kev sib piv ntawm ATGL concentration hauv cov neeg uas muaj lub raum ua haujlwm tsis zoo thiab CKD tsis tau ua.
Alipoor et al. soj ntsuam qhov concentration ntawm adipokines thiab noj zaub mov zoo nyob rau hauv HD cov neeg mob thiab pom tias cov ntshav ATGL qib tau nce siab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-nkim ntau dua li cov neeg mob nkim ib txwm-rau-mob. Qhov nce hauv ATGL qib tau cuam tshuam nrog 21% nce hauv qhov hnyav ntawm nkim. Tsis tas li ntawd, ATGL concentration tau cuam tshuam nrog TG. ATGL qib muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog FFAs, uas qhia tias lawv cuam tshuam lipolysis [136]. Hauv lwm txoj kev tshawb fawb, ATGL qib tsis txawv ntawm cov neeg uas muaj lub cev hnyav thiab hnyav dhau, txawm hais tias muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm ATGL qib thiab feem pua ntawm cov rog hauv lub cev [130]. Tsis muaj kev tshawb fawb txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm ATGL ntawm CVR hauv cov neeg mob CKD. Salatzki et al. pom tias hauv cov qauv tsiaj uas muaj lub raum ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj, kev tshem tawm ntawm ATGL hauv AT tiv thaiv lub siab ua rau sab laug ventricular plawv tsis ua haujlwm, uas lees paub qhov tsis zoo ntawm lipolysis ntawm lub plawv ua haujlwm [137]. Txawm li cas los xij, lwm cov kev tshawb fawb pom muaj qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo ntawm ATGL tsis txaus ntawm cov hlab plawv. ATGL deficiency tau cuam tshuam nrog nce phab ntsa tuab thiab plawv fibrosis [138,139]. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm adipokines ntawm kev noj zaub mov zoo thiab CVR tau sau tseg hauv Table 1 thiab ntawm lub raum cov qauv hauv daim duab 3.
Table 1. Profile ntawm adipokines nyob rau hauv cov kab mob raum ntev thiab lawv cov kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev noj haus thiab kev pheej hmoo plawv hauv CKD.
Daim duab 3. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm adipokines ntawm cov qauv ntawm lub raum. Cov ntawv luv: ATGL-adipose triglyceride lipase; ZO-1-zonula occludens; ↑- nce qib; ↓ - txo qis.
7. Cov lus xaus
Kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kev txaus siab:Cov kws sau ntawv tshaj tawm tsis muaj kev sib cav txog kev txaus siab.
Cov ntaub ntawv
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