Kev npaj thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm resveratrol-loaded xaiv emulsion ruaj khov los ntawm Walnut Protein / cistanchoe Squaticola Polysaccharide Composite Nanoparticles

2 cov qhab nia thiab tshuaj ntsuam

2.1 tus cwj pwm ntawm WP / CDPS sib xyaw Nanoparticles

Daim duab 1a qhia qhov nruab nrab particle me me ntawm wpn thiab txhua wp / cdps sib xyaw ntawm nanopartite nanopartite. PDI ntawm txhua nanoparticles yog qis dua 0. 2, qhia tias nanoparticles yog muab faib tawm [21]. Daim duab 1B qhia tau tias lub teeb meem loj faib tawm WP / CDPS sib xyaw Nanoparticles thiab WPN. Txhua nanoparticles qhia pom kev faib khoom tsis tseem ceeb. Tus droplet loj ntawm WPN yog kwv yees li 17.20 μm, thiab tus droplet loj dua li ntawm WP, ntawm C4W1 muaj cov droplet loj tshaj plaws (8.891 μm). Qhov ntau thiab tsawg thiab tsawg ntawm C1W4, C3W2, thiab C2W3 yog 7.063, 7. {{}}}}} Μm feem. WP / CDPS Composite Nanoparticles tsim los ntawm kev sib txuas CDPS thiab WP muaj cov qauv kev sib cav ntau dua. Polysaccharides thiab cov protein yog ua rau tsim cov ntawv hybrid. Cov hais yuav ua rau muaj kev tshaj tawm ntawm cov roj-dej saum npoo los ua tus qauv hluav taws xob muaj zog thiab kev sib txuam. Polysaccharides thiab cov protein yog qhov cuam tshuam. Cov kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntsiab lus, nruab nrab ntawm cov roj emulsified, thiab nruab nrab ntawm cov roj emulsified, thiab cov khoom tawg tuaj yeem ruaj khov kho lub kaw lus [22].

Thaum WP cov ntsiab lus ntau dua CDPS (C1W4, C1W4) lossis tsawg dua CDPs (C4W2 C1W1 Nanoparticle Dropart Qhov loj me yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm 5.927 μm, uas yog me dua li lwm qhov WP / CDPS sib xyaw Nanopartite nanopartite. WP thiab CDPS cov lus sau ua kev sib xyaw ua ke zoo tshaj plaws los npog cov chaw ruaj khov ib puag ncig cov qauv hluav taws xob, uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev ua plees thaiv tsis sib haum thiab txuas ntxiv txhim kho kev ruaj khov. Yog li ntawd, txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws ntawm wp / cdps sib xyaw no nanoparticts yog 1: 1.
Lub Zeta muaj peev xwm ntawm cov nanoparticle txawv dispersions yog qhia hauv daim duab 1C. Kev tshem tawm WPN tau qhia qhov zoo, thaum CDPS raug tshem tawm pom qhov tsis zoo. Qhov no qhia tau tias WP thiab CDPS daim foos WP / CDPS Core-plhaub cov nanoparticles feem ntau los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam electrostatic. Raws li qhov sib piv ntawm CDPS nce, WP / CDPs Complex
Lub Zeta muaj peev xwm ntawm cov nanoparticles grually txo qis los ntawm {{0} -37 MV.
Qhov tsawg ntawm CDPS tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov nqi zoo ntawm WP thiab tsis muaj zog ntawm cov hluav taws xob rov ua dua ntawm cov lus. Raws li CDPS cov ntsiab lus nce ntxiv, muaj peev xwm Zeta muaj peev xwm ntawm WP / CDPS Composite Nanoparticitic tau txo qis, uas tuaj yeem muab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob txaus ntawm cov me nyuam txhawm rau tiv thaiv lawv cov kev sib sau ua ke.

Cistance Herbal Extract nrog cov khoom siv nquag

2.2 interfacial nro ntawm xaiv emulsion

Interfacial nro, raws li qhov taw qhia ntawm cov khoom saum npoo av, ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov yam ntxwv ntawm emulsions [23]. Daim duab 2 qhia txog qhov sib txuam sib cuam tshuam hloov pauv nrog lub sijhawm rau kev tuaj yeem xaiv sib txawv. Sij hawm dhau mus, qhov kev cuam tshuam interfacial ntawm txhua tus tuaj tos kom emulsions txo qis thiab tom qab ntawd ruaj khov. Muab piv rau kev cuam tshuam interfacial nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ruaj khov, qhov kev cuam tshuam interfacial ntawm cov neeg tuaj yeem tshwm sim thiab dhau los nce nrog kev nce ntawm WP cov ntsiab lus hauv cov nanoparticles.
C1w1r muaj qhov qis tshaj plaws interfacial nro thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws. Qhov siab dua cov dej num txhim kho kev ua tiav adcessoriticess efficiency ntawm lub interface, uas ua rau qis tshaj interfacial nro ntawm adsorption restilibrium (11.88 mn / m). Hauv cov ntsiab lus, nyob rau hauv ib qho tsim nyog WP / CDPS loj piv, WP / CDPS Composite Nanoparticles nrog cov kev cuam tshuam tsis cuam tshuam tsawg. Cov qauv no sib xws nrog cov kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb ntawm Zein / Carboxylated cellulose composite nanoparticles los ntawm Qin Weili Weili et al. [8]. Zein / Carboxylated cellulose cellulose nanocrystal cellulose cellite zein Zein Zein Zein Tension, qhia tau cov txiaj ntsig zoo dua ntawm lawv nanoparticles.

Daim duab 2 interfacial nro ntawm xaiv emulsion ruaj khov los ntawm WP / CDPS Composite Nanopartite

2.3 Embedding efficiency ntawm xaiv emulsion

Raws li pom hauv daim duab 3, qhov teeb tsa ua tau zoo ntawm RT hauv WPR tom qab cia rau 55.6%, uas qhia tias ib qho kev tawm tsam ib qho tseem muaj qee yam kev tiv thaiv ntawm RT. Lub embedding efficiency ntawm cov neeg xaiv emulsion ruaj khov los ntawm WP / CDPS Composite Thaum WP / CDPS piv yog 4: 1 thiab 3: 2, qhov teeb tsa ua haujlwm ntawm RT tom qab cia 1: 3, lub embedning efficiency tom qab cia rau 35,}}. 2% thiab 87.6%, feem. Piv nrog rau lwm cov WP / CDPS sib piv, lub embedding efficiency ntawm 1: 1 yog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 92.9% tom qab cia rau 35 hnub. Zhang Yali li al. [24] siv Zein / Chitosan particle ruaj khov rau kev xaiv tsa emulsion mus embed rt. Qhov kev sim ua pov thawj tias qhov kev ruaj ntseg thiab muaj kev txhawb nqa kev tso tawm ntawm cov txheej txheem emulsion no tau zoo dua li cov ntawm RT embedded nyob rau hauv nanoemulsion hauv tib txoj kev kawm. Hauv qhov kev sim no, thaum ntxiv tawm ntawm WP / CDPS yog 1: 1, RT tau encapsulated, uas tau zoo tshaj plaws radical ua si, thauj khoom muaj peev xwm thiab muaj peev xwm ruaj khov. Nws tuaj yeem raug txiav txim siab tias thaum txuas ntxiv ntawm WP / CDPS yog 1: 1, nws yog qhov kev xa khoom zoo rau cov tebchaw bioactive.

Daim duab 3 nyhuv ntawm lub sijhawm cia ntawm encapsulation kev ua tau zoo ntawm RT hauv emulsion

2.4 khaws cov ruaj khov ntawm xaiv emulsions

Daim duab 4 qhia cov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov chaw khaws khoom ruaj khov ntawm WPR thiab WPRS petosite nanoparticle-stabilized xaiv emulsions tsis pub dhau 20 hnub. Cov tshiab emulsions ruaj khov nrog cov nanoparticles sib txawv tau hnav zoo nkauj thiab Milky dawb. Ib txheej me me ntawm cov txheej txheej tau tshwm sim hauv WRP tom qab 12 h, uas maj mam nce nrog txuas ntxiv ntawm lub sijhawm cia. Thaum kawg, qhov sib npaug tau mus txog ntawm 240 h, thiab cov feem ntawm cov txheej emulsion yog 63.8%.

Qhov no yog feem ntau yog vim muaj qhov tseeb tias WP muaj ntau tus nqi ntawm tsis-polar amino acids, uas ua rau WP los sib sau ua emulsion hauv lub emulsion Rau WP / CDPS sib xyaw Nanoparticle-Stabilized emulsions, c1w1r qhia qhov zoo tshaj plaws cia khoom lag luam ntawm 95.6%. Qhov no yeej ua tau raws li cov txiaj ntsig interfacial cov txiaj ntsig tau pom nyob rau hauv kev xaiv tsa emulsions. Qhov qis dua qhov kev cuam tshuam interfacial, ntau dua cov kev ua si ntawm cov khoom nanoparticles. Kev txhim kho ntawm cov haujlwm saum npoo av ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ruaj khov ntawm emulsion. Cov tshuaj ntsuab nanoparticles yog cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov roj-dej sib cuam tshuam, ua kom muaj kev sib cav sib ceg, thiab txhim kho qhov ruaj ntseg, thiab txhim kho qhov ruaj ntseg ntawm cov khoom siv emulsion [{9]. Thaum cov ntsiab lus CDPS nyob rau hauv cov neeg nanoparticles nanoparticles yog qhov siab, qhov ruaj khov ntawm emulsion txo. Ntawm 240 h, cov txheej emulsion ntawm c3w2r tau mus txog qib ruaj khov ntawm 72.5%. Ntawm 300 h, cov txheej emulsion ntawm c4w1r tau mus txog qib ruaj khov ntawm 75.7%. Qhov no yog feem ntau vim yog lub siab hydrophobicity ntawm cov neeg nanoparticts muaj ntau dua CDPS. Muaj lub zog electrostatic repulsion nyob rau hauv lub emulsion, thiab cov qauv ruaj khov ntawm cov nanoparticles tsis zoo, ua rau qhov tsis zoo, ua rau qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm cov emulsion. Raws li lub sijhawm dhau mus, cov kab nanoparticles hauv qab flocculate thiab tog nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim ntawm kev sib tsoo. Lub chaw khaws khoom ruaj khov ntawm C1W4R thiab C2W3r zoo dua li ntawm C4W1R thiab C3W2R, thiab ob qho tib si nyob hauv lub xeev tsis sib xws thiab ruaj khov ua ntej 96 h. Lawv ncav cuag lub xeev ruaj khov ntawm 300 txog lub xeev ruaj khov ntawm 300 txog 252 h, feem ntau, thiab qhov kawg emulsion txheej piv yog txog 92.6%. Yog li ntawd, ib qho kev ruaj khov dua tuaj yeem tsim hauv C1W1R. WU BI li al. [28] Npaj cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab tshiab los ntawm kev hloov cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab nrog octenyl succinate starch anhydride rau encapsulating rt. Cov kab ke no tuaj yeem muaj cov nyhuv zoo tshaj tawm ntawm RT thiab tuaj yeem ruaj khov rau 60 hnub ntawm 4 ° C thiab 25 ° C, nrog zoo centrifugation thiab dilution ruaj khov.

Daim duab 4 kev tshwm sim (a) thiab faib txheej ntawm emulsified txheej (b)

2.5 thermal stability ntawm xaiv emulsion

Lub thermal ruaj ntseg ntawm emulsions ruaj khov los ntawm WPR thiab WPP thiab WPps Nanopartite Nanopartle loj ntawm WPR yog 45.6 μm.
Thawj zaug particle loj ntawm cov khoom emulsion ruaj khov los ntawm WP / CDPS suav cov nanoparticles nce me ntsis. C1w1r muaj qhov me me tshaj plaws (53.8 μm). Thaum WP lossis CDPS cov ntsiab lus nce, qhov pib particle loj me me ntawm emulsion nce, uas yuav cuam tshuam nrog lawv cov kev sib raug zoo nanoparticles. Thaum lub sij hawm kho cua sov ntawm cov kub kub, thaum WP / CDPS kev sib piv yog 1: 1, polysacharides WP kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm / CDPS cov foos muaj zog ruaj khov. Lub particle loj ntawm C1W1R hloov qhov tsawg tshaj plaws nrog qhov kub thiab txias tshaj plaws, qhia tias nws muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws thermal stability. Nws qhia tau tias C1W1r composite hais ua cov qauv qhwv uas muaj zog tshaj plaws sab nraud cov roj cua. Lub siab dua WP cov ntsiab lus, qhov me me ntawm C1W4R thiab C2W3r kuj nce nrog qhov ntsuas kub. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb yuav yog qhov kev kho cua sov ua rau muaj protein denaturation, txhawb nqa hydrophobic pawg, txhawb nqa kev sib sau ua ke ntawm nanoparticles, thiab induces droplet agglomeration. [29]. Tom qab kev kho cua sov, cov khoom siv sib txawv txawv, txawv emulsions qhia sib txawv ntawm cov flocculation, thiab cov degree ntawm flocculation nce nrog qhov nce hauv cua sov. Ntawm cov ruaj ntseg emulsions ntawm cov sib txawv nanoparticles sib txawv, c1w1r muaj qhov hloov me me hloov thiab qhov zoo tshaj plaws thermal stability.

Zoo sib xws nrog cov txiaj ntsig no, Lu syii li al. [30] siv pectin-walnut protein complex to taub nws ruaj khov thiab pom tias currabilation, d4, 3) muaj qhov nce me ntsis yam tsis muaj theem sib cais. Lub curcumin-encapsulated walnut albumin ua emulsion qhia zoo stability rau cov kab ke zoo (txog li 9000 tus neeg siv tau zoo (txog li 9000)

Daim duab 5 Qhov loj me hloov ntawm kev tos emulsion ruaj khov los ntawm WP / CDPS Composite Nanopartite

2.6 lipid oxidation ruaj khov ntawm xaiv emulsion

The primary products of lipid oxidation are one of the indicators for determining the oxidative stability of emulsion [31]. Raws li pom hauv daim duab 6, nrog kev ncua txuas ntawm lub sijhawm cia, cov pov ntawm picking emulsions nyob rau hauv sib txawv profortions nce, uas tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev pib-oxidation ntawm roj.
Raws li kev faib ua feem ntawm CDPS nce, cov pov ntawm emulsion txo qis thaum xub thawj, qhia tau tias CDPS muaj cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ncua roj oxidation. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li kev faib ua feem ntawm CDPS tseem nce ntxiv, kev pov thaiv cov emulsion maj mam nce; Thaum WP / CDPS piv yog 1: 1 (C1W1R), kev tsim cov pov yog qis tshaj hauv emulsions. Wang khiav [32] siv cov tshuaj yej polyphenols-starch nanoparticles kom ruaj khov xaiv emulsions. Txoj kev tshawb pom pom tias Tshuaj Tsuag Polyphenols tuaj yeem txo cov pov thawj hauv cov emulsion thiab zoo qeeb qeeb roj oxidation, uas yog sib xws nrog qhov xaus ntawm txoj kev kawm no.

Daim duab 6 lub pov tawm ntawm cov emulsions ruaj khov los ntawm sib txawv wp / cdps sib txawv ntawm Nanopartite Nanoparticite ua haujlwm rau lub sijhawm khaws cia txog 30 hnub

2.7 microstructure ntawm xaiv emulsion

Lub microstructure ntawm cov neeg tuaj tos emulsion npaj nrog WP / CDPS ntawm ib pawg sib piv ntawm 1: 1 thiab faib tawm RT hauv cov txheej txheem emulsion tau pom los ntawm clsm. Daim duab 7a yog cov duab teev teev nyob rau hauv tib qho kev zam ntawm 488 nm thiab 633 nm, uas tau tshwm sim hauv cov xim daj (superimposed ntawm ntsuab thiab liab). Lub network qauv ntawm WP / CDPS nyob ib ncig ntawm cov roj ntim cov roj qhwv tau pom, uas tej zaum yuav yog rau kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm WP / CDPS. Daim duab 7B qhia txog cov duab ntsuab ntawm wpn stained nrog frec protein zas laser ua si, qhia tias muaj WPN qhwv cov txheej sab nraum cov roj ntws sab nraud. Daim duab 7C qhia cov xim liab ntawm RT stained nrog nile liab nyob rau hauv 633 nm laser kom txaus siab.
Nyob rau hauv daim duab clsm, nws tuaj yeem pom tias cov roj kheej roj ntws ntawm WP / CDPS xaiv emulsion yog dispersed. Overlace funorescence micranraphs qhia tau tias RT (Red feem Yang Tang li al. [15] investigated a new type of edible high internal phase emulsion gel that was effectively stabilized by unique polysaccharide-protein hybrid nanoparticles, and observed spherical dispersion similar to the emulsion in the study.

Daim duab 7 Kev Pom Cov Micrographs ntawm xaiv Emulsion ruaj khov los ntawm C1W1 Composite Nanopartite

3 Xaus

WP / CDPS sib xyaw ua ke tau tsim siv WP thiab CDPS, thiab xaiv emulsions tau npaj nrog lawv ua stabapiliaulation tau txuas ntxiv tshawb nrhiav. Lub opplet loj ntawm WP / CDPS sib xyaw ua ke nanoparticles tau me dua li ntawm wpn. CDPS hloov qhov saum npoo thiab cov duab ntawm WP, thiab ua ke nrog WP los ua kom muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke, uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev sib sau ua ke thiab txuas ntxiv ua kom ruaj khov. Ntawm lawv, thaum cov pawg sib piv ntawm WP rau CDPS yog 1: 1, nruab nrab particle me me yog qhov qis tshaj plaws (5.927 μm), thiab nws muaj cov khoom ruaj khov ruaj khov thiab cov khoom ruaj khov. Tom qab 480 h ntawm cia, tus emulsion stratification tus nqi yog 95.6%. Thaum lub sijhawm kho cua sov ntawm kev sib txawv kub, emulsion particle loj ntawm C1W1r hloov qhov tsawg tshaj plaws nrog qhov kub. CLSM cov txiaj ntsig kev kuaj sim qhia tias WP / CDPS tuaj yeem ua tau zoo RT. Lub RT embedding efficiency ntawm xaiv emulsion ruaj khov los ntawm WP / CDPS sib xyaw ua ke tau tshaj 85%, uas tau tshaj li ntawm WPR emulsion. RT embedding efficiency yog li 92.9% tom qab cia rau 35 hnub.

Tuaj txog::

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[8] Qin WL, Tang St, Chen CW, thiab Al. Kev npaj thiab tshaj tawm ntawm cinnamon tseem ceeb roj tuaj tos emulsion ruaj khov los ntawm ZEIN / MARBOXY Cellulose cellulose cellulucions muaj nanoparticles [J]. Khoom noj khoom haus hydrocolloids, 2024, 147: 109321. Doi: 10.1016 / j.foodhyd.2023.109321.