Phytochemical Assays Of Commercial Botanical Dietary Supplements
Mar 16, 2022
Yog xav paub ntxiv thov hu rau:Joanna.jia@wecistanche.com
Robert Krochmal, Mary Hardy, Susan Bowerman, Qing-Yi Lu, HJ Wang, RM Elashoff thiab David Heber
UCLA Center for Human Nutrition, UCLA, USA
Qhov nrov nrov ntawm botanicalnoj zaub movCov tshuaj ntxiv (BDS) tau nrog cov kev txhawj xeeb txog qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom lag luam. Cov kws kho mob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, muaj kev txaus siab paub txog cov khoom lag luam zoo, saib cov teeb meem cuam tshuam txog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuab thiab cov kev mob tshwm sim. Txoj kev tshawb no tau soj ntsuam seb cov qauv kev lag luam ntawm saw palmetto, kava kava,echinacea cov tsos mob, ginseng, thiab St. John's wort muaj cov ntawv sau zoo ib yam thiab seb qhov ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov khoom sib txuas tau pom zoo nrog cov nyiaj tau teev rau ntawm daim ntawv lo. Peb tau yuav rau lub raj mis ntawm ob qho tshuaj ntxiv los ntawm cuaj lub chaw tsim khoom thiab tshuaj xyuas cov ntsiab lus uas siv cov txheej txheem kev lag luam tsim los ntawm ib lub chaw kuaj mob ywj pheej. Cov ntawv cim khoom tau pom muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv muab, xws li kev pabcuam cov lus pom zoo thiab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog tshuaj ntsuab nws tus kheej (hom, ib feem ntawm cov nroj tsuag, cov khoom sib txuas, thiab lwm yam) Hais txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus, qhov sib txawv me ntsis tau pom ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv. tib hom, thaum cov ntsiab lus tau sib txawv ntawm cov hom (xws li tag nrho cov phenolic tebchaw hauvEchinaceathaj tsam li ntawm 3.9-15.3 mg ib zaug; tag nrho ginsenosides nyob rau hauv ginseng ranges ntawm 5.3-18.2 mg ib qho kev pab). Tsis tas li ntawd, cov nqi pom zoo rau kev siv txhua hnub kuj sib txawv ntawm cov hom, ua rau muaj peev xwm ntau ntawm cov neeg siv khoom noj txhua hnub.Echinaceathiab ginseng yog qhov sib txawv tshaj plaws, thaum St. John's wort thiab pom palmetto yog qhov sib txawv tsawg tshaj plaws. Txoj kev tshawb no qhia txog qee qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb hauv kev ua lag luam botanical ntxiv, suav nrog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem kev tsim khoom thiab cov ntaub ntawv sau npe txhim khu kev qha. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kws kho mob yuav tsum qhia lawv tus kheej txog cov khoom lag luam kom muaj peev xwm qhia cov neeg mob siv ob qho tib si cov pa thiab tshuaj ntsuab.
Ntsiab lus:botanical - zoo - kev tsim khoom
active ingredient acteoside nyob rau hauv cistanche
Taw qhia
Hauv 10 xyoo dhau los, kev kho ntxiv thiab lwm yam (CAM) tau loj hlob mus rau kev lag luam ntau txhiab daus las hauv Tebchaws Meskas (1–4). Hauv particular, kev siv botanicalnoj zaub movCov tshuaj ntxiv (BDS) tau nce ntxiv, nrog ntau dua 60 lab tus neeg Asmeskas tam sim no siv tshuaj ntsuab lossis lwm yam tshuaj, thiab siv nyiaj ntau dua $ 600 lab txhua xyoo rau cov khoom siv botanical ib leeg (5). Lub sijhawm tshiab ntawm kev muaj koob meej nrog BDS hauv Tebchaws Meskas yog nrog cov lus nug txog qhov zoo, sib xws, thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom lag luam muaj tshuaj ntsuab. Ntawm qhov tsis paub tseeb cuam tshuam nrog kev siv BDS yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sau npe (6) thiab cov khoom muaj pes tsawg leeg (7).
Nrog kev nce hauv kev siv tib lub sijhawm ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuab thiab cov qauv ua qauv (8), cov kws kho mob, tshwj xeeb, muaj lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev paub txog lawv cov neeg siv khoom noj dab tsi thiab hauv kev ntsuas qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom no. Cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no yuav ua rau muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev siv tshuaj ntsuab los ntawm kev ua kom zoo sib xws ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuab tshuaj ntsuab. Cov kws kho mob uas tam sim no tsis txaus siab los qhia lossis sib tham txog kev siv BDS nrog lawv cov neeg mob (9–12) yuav muaj qhov tsis zoo yog tias lawv ntseeg siab txog cov khoom zoo.
Tsis ntev los no, Garrard et al. (6) pom qhov sib txawv ntawm daim ntawv lo sib txawv hauv cov khoom xyaw uas tau teev tseg thiab pom zoo siv txhua hnub rau qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm ntau hom rau kaum hom tshuaj ntsuab. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev tshawb fawb no tsis tau sim sib txuas cov ntawv thov nrog cov ntsiab lus tiag. Yog li ntawd, cov lus nug hais txog qhov tseeb ntawm cov lus hais ntawm cov khoom tseem tsis tau teb. Txog rau tam sim no, ob peb qhov kev sib piv ntawm cov khoom lag luam tshuaj ntsuab muaj nyob, thiab ntawm cov no, feem ntau yog los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom loj (13-14), tsis yog cov tsev kawm ntawv ywj pheej (15). Ntawm peb Lub Chaw, peb yav dhau los tau sim cuaj hom ntawm Suav Liab Poov Mis, thiab nws tau pom tias cov khoom no sib txawv heev hauv lawv cov ntsiab lus ntawm monacolin K thiab tag nrho cov monacolins (16). Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm St. John's wort piav qhia qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom lag luam sib txawv (17–19). Kev tshawb xyuas ntawm cov khoom lag luam ginseng kuj pom qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov cim cim, txawm hais tias cov ntaub ntawv tau qhia tias tsawg kawg US cov khoom lag luam ginseng raug sau npe raws li cov nroj tsuag genus (20). Lwm cov kev tshawb fawb suav nrog feverfew (21), qej (22), thiab lwm yam tshuaj ntsuab (23) kuj qhia txog qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov khoom uas hais txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom sib txuas.
Hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no, peb tau tshuaj xyuas tsib ntawm cov muag khoom zoo tshaj plaws (2) tshuaj ntsuab hauv Tebchaws Meskas-St. John lub wort, ginseng, pom palmetto, kava, thiab echinacea. Lub hom phiaj yog txhawm rau ntsuas qhov zoo thiab sib xws ntawm cov khoom lag luam muaj thiab siv cov ntaub ntawv no los qhia rau cov kws kho mob txog kev siv BDS. Tom qab sau cov ntaub ntawv sau npe, peb tau tshuaj xyuas cov khoom rau qhov muaj lossis tsis muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg hlau thiab rau qhov muaj thiab ntau ntawm cov khoom sib txuas.
Cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem
Txhawm rau ua piv txwv cov khoom lag luam feem ntau yuav muaj rau cov neeg siv khoom nruab nrab, peb tau yuav cov khoom lag luam los ntawm cuaj lub tuam txhab, pom ntawm cov khw muag tshuaj thiab khw muag khoom, thiab hauv internet thiab xa ntawv xaj. Tag nrho cov khoom tau muab faib rau hauv lub tebchaws thaum lub sijhawm kawm thiab raug xaiv raws li lawv qhov muaj nyob rau ntawm lub hom phiaj lub khw muag khoom thaum lub sijhawm yuav khoom. Tag nrho ntawm kaum ob lub raj mis ntawm txhua hom tshuaj ntsuab (rau lub raj mis ntawm ob tus lej sib txawv) tau yuav los ntawm txhua tus neeg tsim khoom lag luam uas cov tshuaj ntsuab muaj. Phytochemical tsom xam tau ua nyob rau hauv ib lub chaw soj nstuam ywj pheej (Alpha Chemical thiab Biomedical Laboratories, Inc., Petaluma, CA) txhawm rau rov ua dua cov peev txheej muaj rau cov chaw muab kev lag luam. Cov txheej txheem ua raws li yog cov feem ntau siv thaum lub sijhawm ua qhov kev tshawb fawb no, piv txwv li, thaum xyoo 1999. Tag nrho cov qauv raug kuaj ua ntej hnub tas sij hawm teev nyob rau hauv lub raj mis.
Label Analysis
rau txhua qhov ntxiv, cov ntaub ntawv tau txais los ntawm cov ntawv sau thiab ntim tau raug tshuaj xyuas rau cov nroj tsuag hom, ib feem ntawm cov nroj tsuag siv, txoj kev npaj (xws li cov tshuaj ntsuab qhuav, extract, thiab lwm yam), hom marker compound, thov cov nqi ntawm cov cim marker compound, thiab qhia txog qhov loj me me txhua hnub. Yog tias tsim nyog, cov chaw tswj xyuas kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov tuam txhab tau raug hu txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv tsis muaj nyob ntawm daim ntawv lo.
Cov ntsiab lus tsom xam
Thaum cov ntaub ntawv sau npe tau sau tseg, cov fwj uas tsis tau qhib tau raug xa mus rau qhov chaw kuaj mob ywj pheej rau kev tshuaj xyuas. Peb cov tshuaj los ntawm txhua lub raj mis raug tshuaj xyuas thiab tshaj tawm raws li cov txiaj ntsig sib sau. Rau txhua hom tshuaj ntsuab, ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke tau txheeb xyuas thiab ntsuas los ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab ua kua chromatography (HPLC) hauv txhua hom tshuaj ntsuab tshwj tsis yog pom palmetto, uas cov roj fatty acids dawb tau ntsuas los ntawm roj chromatography. Sigma cov qauv siv tau siv rau hauv cov ntsiab lus tsom xam.
Echinacea
Cov khoom lag luam echinacea tau txheeb xyuas los ntawm HPLC, thiab cov cim cim tau tshaj tawm tias yog tag nrho cov phenolic tebchaw, suav nrog echinacoside, cathartic acid, chlorogenic acid, thiab cichoric acid. Cov qauv tau npaj los ntawm cua sov {{0}}.1 g ntawm cov khoom cog hauv av los yog rho tawm hauv 40 ml vial nrog 20.0 ml ntawm methanol rau 15 min, sonicating, thiab ntxiv 20 ml dej ntxiv. Cov qauv raug lim ua ntej kuaj HPLC.
Pom Palmetto
Pom palmetto tau soj ntsuam rau cov roj fatty acids dawb siv cov roj chromatography nrog cov nplaim ionization nrhiav pom (GC-FID). Cov txheej txheem no siv cov derivatization ntawm dawb fatty acids nrog BSTFA (99 feem pua): TMCS (1 feem pua) reagent. Qhov no reagent tsis hydrolyze los yog transesterify fatty acids tam sim no raws li methyl, ethyl esters, triglycerides, los yog siv quav ciab esters uas yuav muab ntxiv rau cov formulations ntawm saw palmetto.
Ginseng
Ginseng tau soj ntsuam los ntawm HPLC rau xya ntawm cov tshuaj no thiab tshaj tawm tias tag nrho cov ginsenosides. Cov ginsenosides tau sib cais los ntawm qhov rov qab-theem kua chromatography ntawm C-18 kab thiab kuaj pom nrog UV ntawm 210 nm. Quantification tau ua los ntawm kev sib piv ntawm thaj chaw ncov los ntawm cov qauv nrog cov qauv siv.
St. John lub wort
St. John's wort raug ntsuas rau hypericin los ntawm HPLC tsom xam. Cov qauv tau npaj nrog 90:10 MeOH: DMSO hnyav thiab lim los ntawm 45-nm PTFE syringe lim. Cov qauv no tau muab piv nrog tus qauv hypericin thiab kuaj pom nrog UV ntawm 590 nm.
Kav Kav
Kava Kava tau soj ntsuam los ntawm HPLC thiab tshaj tawm tias tag nrho cov kavalactones, suav nrog methysticin, dihydromethysticin, kawain, dihy-drokawain, yangonin, thiab desmethoxyyangonin. Ib qho qauv tsim nyog ntawm d,1-Kawain tau npaj nrog methanol, thiab kev kuaj pom tau ua tiav ntawm UV 220 nm.
Hnyav Hlau
Cov hlau hnyav (lead, arsenic, cadmium, thiab mercury) tau txheeb xyuas los ntawm X-ray spectrophotometry thiab tshaj tawm raws li feem pua (los ntawm qhov hnyav) hauv cov khoom kuaj.
Kev txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv
Cov txiaj ntsig rau ob tus lej ntau rau txhua yam tshuaj ntsuab tau sib sau ua ke thiab tshaj tawm raws li qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov cim ntsuas ntsuas. Rau cov khoom lag luam uas ua daim ntawv thov cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus, ntsuas cov nyiaj kuj tau tshaj tawm raws li feem pua ntawm cov nyiaj tau thov. Kev pom zoo txhua hnub qhov ntau thiab tsawg tau suav los ntawm kev sib npaug ntawm qhov thov nyiaj ntawm cov cim kev sib txuas (qhov twg muaj) nrog rau kev pom zoo noj ib hnub. Qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm cov kev pabcuam txhua hnub tau suav los ntawm kev sib npaug ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov sib xyaw nrog cov kev pom zoo txhua hnub, piv txwv tias cov neeg siv khoom yuav ua raws li cov lus qhia ntawm daim ntawv lo. Cov lus pom zoo thiab qhov tseeb qhov kev pabcuam txhua hnub tau muab piv rau. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv cov khoom pom zoo ib tug ntau yam ntawm kev pab me me (piv txwv li 1-3 lub kaus mom), cov txiaj ntsig tau tshaj tawm raws li qhov ntau.
Cov txiaj ntsig
Cov khoom tau txais kev tshuaj xyuas
Rau cov khoom lag luam uas tau yuav hauv khw muag khoom, rau lub raj mis txhua qhov kev npaj zoo ib yam los ntawm ob qhov sib txawv tau txais. Rau cov khoom noj uas tau txais los ntawm kev xa ntawv, peb tuaj yeem tau txais rau lub raj mis ntawm ob qhov sib txawv; Txawm li cas los xij, cov kev npaj tsis yog ib txwm sib xws ntawm ntau ntau. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ib qho piv txwv, tus neeg muag khoom xa rau lub hwj ntawm ib qho ntau uas muaj qhov chaw ntawm Echinacea purpurea thiab rau lub hwj ntawm lwm qhov ntau uas muaj cov hauv paus ntawm Echinacea purpurea thiab Angustifolia. Tib tus neeg muag khoom tau xa rau lub raj mis ntawm ginseng extract thiab rau lub fwj ntawm ginseng cag.
Cov ntaub ntawv sau npe
Cov ntawv cim khoom tau pom tias sib txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv muab. Feem ntau, cov neeg tsim khoom tswj xyuas cov neeg ua haujlwm zoo tau raug hu thiab thov kom txheeb xyuas cov hom nroj tsuag, cog ib feem, thiab cov txheej txheem rho tawm rau qhov tshwj xeeb ntxiv los ntawm kev muab lawv nrog ntau tus lej siv hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb. Cov neeg tsim khoom feem ntau tuaj yeem muab cov ntaub ntawv thov, tab sis qee qhov tsis yog. Qee tus neeg ua haujlwm tswj xyuas qhov zoo tau nyuaj rau kev sib cuag; ib tus tsis tuaj yeem nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv (lawv tsis tsim cov khoom thaum lub sijhawm sib cuag) thiab lwm tus hais tias 'kev txhawj xeeb txog kev cai lij choj' ntawm kev muab cov ntaub ntawv no hauv xov tooj. Los ntawm thiab loj, txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau cov tuam ntxhab tau txaus siab los pab muab cov ntaub ntawv no.
Zuag qhia tag nrho
Thaum tus nqi ntawm cov cim kev sib txuas tau txheeb xyuas rau tus kheej cov qauv hauv tib lub npe ntau, cov ntsiab lus tsis sib txawv heev. Txawm li cas los xij, cov nqi ntsuas feem ntau sib txawv los ntawm cov nyiaj tau teev tseg ntawm daim ntawv lo, thiab qee lub npe tsis tau lees paub txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm tag nrho rau qee yam tshuaj. Feem ntau, kev sib txawv ntawm ntau ntau ntawm tib lub hom yog tsawg dua qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hom (Fig. 1). Rau qee yam tshuaj ntsuab (pom palmetto, St. John's wort, thiab kava kava), hom nroj tsuag, ib feem ntawm cov nroj tsuag siv, thiab hom kev npaj tau zoo ib yam thoob plaws hom, hos lwm yam tshuaj ntsuab (echinacea thiab ginseng) muaj ntau qhov sib txawv. Tag nrho cov khoom lag luam muaj cov cim kev sib txuas tsim nyog rau cov tshuaj ntsuab uas tau sim rau, tawm tswv yim tsawg kawg yog tias cov khoom muaj cov tshuaj ntsuab raug. Thaum kawg, cov nqi ntawm cov hlau hnyav, qhov twg kuaj pom, tau qis dua cov qauv siv tau, raws li California Proposition 65 (24).
Echinacea
Rau echinacea (Table 1), tag nrho ntawm kaum qhov kev npaj sib txawv tau sim txij li hom 'b' xa ob qhov kev npaj sib txawv. Rau ntawm kaum kev npaj tau siv Echinacea purpura, ib qho siv purpurea thiab Angustifolia, ib qho siv Angustifolia thiab / lossis pallid thiab hom rau ob qhov kev npaj tsis muaj. Plaub ntawm kaum cov khoom siv ob qho tib si dav hlau thiab cov hauv paus hniav, ob qho tib si siv cov khoom siv dav hlau xwb, ob qho tib si siv hauv paus, thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ob qho khoom seem tsis muaj.
Ntawm tag nrho cov qauv kuaj, echinacea (thiab ginseng; saib hauv qab) cov khoom yog qhov sib txawv tshaj plaws. Rau cov echinacea cov khoom lag luam uas tau hais txog cov nqi ntawm cov khoom sib txuas, ob ntawm rau (33 feem pua) yog nyob rau hauv 10 feem pua ntawm lawv qhov kev thov. Plaub ntawm kaum echinacea kev npaj ua tsis muaj kev thov hais txog tus nqi ntawm cov cim kev sib txuas ntawm txhua qhov, thiab hom kev sib xyaw ua ke nws tus kheej tsis muaj nyob rau hauv rau ntawm kaum kev npaj. Ntawm lwm tus, tsis muaj qhov sib xws tau pom nyob rau hauv cov ntawv teev cov cim npe, txawm tias nws yog echinacoside, phenolics, lossis acrylamides. Kev ntsuas tus lej ntawm cov cim cim rau echinacea yog li ntawm 78-173 feem pua ntawm cov nyiaj tau teev tseg. Kev suav rau qhov koob tshuaj niaj hnub ntawm echinacea nyob nruab nrab ntawm 7 thiab 137.7 mg ntawm echinacoside.
Ginseng
Rau ginseng (Table 2), tag nrho ntawm cuaj qhov kev npaj tau sim txij li ib hom ('e') tsis muaj, thiab ib hom ('b') xa ib lub hauv paus ntau thiab ntau cov extract ntawm kev xa ntawv. Cov nqi ntsuas tau los ntawm 44-261 feem pua ntawm cov nyiaj tau teev tseg. Rau cov khoom lag luam uas tau hais txog tus lej ntawm cov cim cim, ib qho ntawm xya (14 feem pua) yog nyob rau hauv 10 feem pua ntawm lawv qhov kev thov. Kev suav rau qhov tseeb noj txhua hnub ntawm tag nrho cov ginsenosides ranges ntawm 10.6-72.8 mg ntawm cov hom.
St. John lub wort
Rau St. John's wort (Table 3), kaum cov khoom raug kuaj. Ib yam khoom ('i') tsis muaj thiab ob yam khoom ('e' thiab 'f') xa ob qhov kev npaj sib txawv. Kev ntsuas tus nqi ntawm hypericin feem ntau zoo ib yam ntawm cov hom, xws li ntawm 88–110 feem pua ntawm cov nyiaj tau hais. Ib qho piv txwv muaj 139 feem pua ntawm cov nyiaj tau teev tseg. Tag nrho kaum cov khoom lag luam tau hais txog tus lej ntawm cov cim cim, thiab yim ntawm cov no (80 feem pua) nyob hauv 10 feem pua ntawm lawv qhov kev thov. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke yog 0.45 mg lossis 0.9 mg rau ib lub tshuaj ntsiav, thiab txhua lub npe siv tib hom kev npaj. Kev suav rau cov koob tshuaj txhua hnub yog li ntawm 0.9-3.56 mg hypericin ib hnub.
Pom Palmetto
Yim pom palmetto cov khoom lag luam (Table 4) tau sim. Khoom 'i' tsis muaj. Marker compounds nyob ntawm 77-106 feem pua ntawm cov nyiaj tau teev tseg. Peb ntawm yim qhov kev npaj ua tsis tau hais txog cov cim kev sib txuas. Ntawm tsib qhov ntxiv, ob (40 feem pua) yog nyob rau hauv 10 feem pua ntawm lawv qhov kev thov. Kev suav cov koob tshuaj txhua hnub yog li ntawm 111.2–272.4 mg / hnub ntawm cov tshuaj tshawb fawb.
Kav Kav
Yim kava khoom (Table 5) tau sim. Cov khoom 'h' thiab 'i' tsis muaj thiab cov khoom 'b' xa ob qhov kev npaj sib txawv. Tag nrho cov kavalactones nyob ntawm 42-133 feem pua ntawm cov nyiaj tau teev tseg. Cov txiaj ntsig tau hais los ntawm 10-70 mg ntawm kavalactones ib ntsiav tshuaj, thiab ib qho ntawm yim qhov kev npaj ua tsis tau thov txog cov cim kev sib xyaw. Ntawm xya tus ntxiv, tsib (71 feem pua) tau nyob hauv - 10 feem pua ntawm lawv qhov kev thov. Qhov tseeb suav koob tshuaj txhua hnub nyob nruab nrab ntawm 41.7 thiab 220 mg ntawm kavalactones ntawm cov lag luam hom.
Kev sib tham
Raws li kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los (6), txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no pom tias cov khoom lag luam ntawm BDS sib txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv muab. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, rau echinacea thiab ginseng, cov ntawv feem ntau sib txawv ntawm cov nroj tsuag hom, ib feem ntawm cov nroj tsuag siv, hom kev npaj, hom marker compound, standardization ntawm marker compound, thov npaum li cas ntawm ib tug marker compound, thiab cov kev pom zoo ua hauj lwm loj. . Txawm hais tias cov ntsiab lus tsis sib txawv nyob rau hauv tib lub ntau los yog thoob plaws ntau ntau ntawm ib lub hom phiaj, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tau teev thiab qhov tseeb ntawm cov khoom sib txuas tau pom nyob rau hauv ntau hom. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov sib txawv loj tau pom nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov hom. Qhov teeb meem no, ua ke nrog qhov tsis sib xws hauv qhov kev pom zoo rau qhov ntau thiab tsawg, ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntau dua hauv qhov muaj peev xwm noj txhua hnub ntawm cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.
St. John's wort thiab pom palmetto yog ob hom tshuaj ntsuab uas muaj qhov sib txawv tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm cov npe rau cov lus teev thiab ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov sib xyaw nrog rau qhov pom zoo rau qhov ntau thiab tsawg. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb uas peb qhov kev tshuaj xyuas tseem ceeb muaj nyob rau ob qho tib si pom palmetto (25–27) thiab St. John's wort (28–30) thiab cov khoom siv tau zoo thiab zoo ib yam tau siv hauv cov kev sim tshuaj no. Qhov kev sib raug zoo no zoo li muaj kev cuam tshuam txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom lag luam muaj rau cov tshuaj ntsuab no. Txawm hais tias muaj cov kev tshuaj xyuas uas twb muaj lawm rau ob qho tib si echinacea thiab ginseng, tsis muaj kev pom zoo zoo sib xws hauv kev sim tshuaj, thiab cov khoom siv tau siv ntau yam rau hom nroj tsuag, ib feem ntawm cov nroj tsuag, thiab hom kev npaj (31,32). Muab qhov sib txawv no, tej zaum nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias echinacea thiab ginseng tshuaj xyuas zoo li qhia cov txiaj ntsig sib xyaw, whereas, rau pom palmetto thiab St. John's wort, cov txiaj ntsig feem ntau yog qhov zoo. Qhov kev nthuav dav ntawm cov qauv tsim qauv ntawm St. John's wort thiab pom palmetto hauv randomized tswj kev sim, yog li ntawd, qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov khoom lag luam zoo thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov pov thawj-raws li kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov khoom no. Nws yuav ua raws li qhov kev txhim kho hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb txog kev siv tshuaj ntsuab thiab kev nyab xeeb yuav ua kom yooj yim los ntawm kev txhim kho cov khoom zoo thiab sib xws.Ib qho kev txwv ntawm txoj kev tshawb no, thiab lub xeev ntawm kos duab hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm botanical tshuaj feem ntau, yog tias botanical. Cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke tsis tas yuav muaj cov khoom xyaw lom neeg lom zem (33). Txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv St. John's wort, uas cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke-hypericin-zoo li tus yam ntxwv, nws muaj peev xwm hais tias lwm yam khoom-hyperforin-yuav ua tau ntau dua (34–36). Yog li ntawd, tam sim no, lub hom phiaj ntawm cov cim kev sib txuas tsuas yog txwv rau lawv qhov kev txiav txim raws li tus neeg sawv cev los xyuas kom meej qhov rov ua dua thiab zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem npaj. Thaum txoj kev tshawb fawb no qhia txog qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov khoom, lawv yuav tsis cuam tshuam nrog qhov sib txawv hauv kev kho mob.
Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev pom zoo nyob rau hauv kev lag luam kev noj haus ntxiv ntawm cov txheej txheem rau kev txheeb xyuas cov cim phytochemical tsis tiav. Yog li ntawd, peb txoj kev tshawb fawb tau siv cov kev lees paub hauv kev lag luam siv nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Piv txwv li, lub xeev ntawm kev kos duab tau nce siab txij li lub sijhawm no, thiab nws muaj peev xwm hais tias cov khoom yuav zoo dua tus cwj pwm thiab siv tau nrog cov txheej txheem hloov zuj zus. Tsis tas li ntawd, txij li lub sijhawm ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb, FDA tau tshaj tawm cov ntawv sau npe tshiab (37,38) nrog rau cov qauv tsim khoom (38) (tam sim no kev tsim khoom zoo - CGMPs) txhawm rau xyuas kom meej tias BDS yog tsim los tsis tu ncua los ' txheeb xyuas purity, zoo, muaj zog, thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg'. Yog li ntawd, raws li cov txheej txheem tshiab tau tsim thiab luam tawm, qee qhov teeb meem tsis tau pom los ntawm txoj kev tshawb no yuav raug tshem tawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, yog tias FDA cov cai tshiab rau CGMPs tau pom zoo thiab ua tiav, kev txhim kho zoo ntxiv yuav ua raws li. Kev tshawb nrhiav yav tom ntej tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev hloov kho cov qauv kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tswj hwm ntawm kev txhim kho cov khoom zoo.
Muab qhov kev txhawj xeeb loj zuj zus txog qhov muaj peev xwm rau kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuab (39) nrog rau cov txiaj ntsig tsis zoo uas tau tshaj tawm nrog qee cov tshuaj ntsuab (40), txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau kev kho mob. Peb xav tias thaum kws kho mob txiav txim siab tias lawv cov neeg mob siv BDS, lawv yuav tsum hais kom lawv nqa lub raj mis, nrog rau lawv cov tshuaj tsis tu ncua. Cov kws saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv tuaj yeem pab lawv cov neeg mob kom paub txog kev yuav khoom, qhia lawv xaiv cov khoom zoo tshaj plaws. Thaum txoj kev tshawb no qhia txog qhov tseeb tias cov ntaub ntawv sau npe yuav tsis tas yuav ua tiav lossis txhim khu kev qha, tsawg kawg ib tus yuav tsum tau nkag mus rau hauv tus cwj pwm ntawm kev nrhiav cov hauv qab no: cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus nqi pes tsawg ntawm cov cim cim, lub npe botanical ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuab, pom zoo ua haujlwm loj hauv milligrams, batch lossis ntau tus lej, hnub tas sijhawm thiab lub npe / chaw nyob ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom. Thaum kawg, muaj daim ntawv pov thawj Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Ntxiv los ntawm US Pharmacopeia, lossis lwm pawg neeg muaj feem cuam tshuam, qhia tias manufac-turer tau ua raws li qhov kev lees paub zoo (41).
Thaum ib qho khoom raug xaiv, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias kev hloov cov npe thaum lub sij hawm kev kho mob yuav cuam tshuam rau tus nqi ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb thiab yog li ntawd, kev ua tau zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb. Muab qhov sib txawv ntawm hom-rau-hloov pauv tau hais los ntawm txoj kev tshawb no, thaum tus neeg mob ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig xav tau nrog BDS, nws tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv qhov loj me lossis hom. Hauv qab no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus pom zoo rau cov kws kho mob tham txog kev siv tshuaj ntsuab ntxiv nrog lawv cov neeg mob.
Cov lus pom zoo rau cov kws kho mob qhia cov neeg mob hauv kev siv tshuaj ntsuab ntxiv
1. Nug koj cov neeg mob txog kev siv tshuaj ntsuab.
2. Hais kom cov neeg mob nqa cov fwj tshuaj ntxiv nrog lawv thaum mus ntsib kws kho mob.
3. Yog tias ua tau, xaiv cov khoom siv hauv randomized, tswj kev sim.
4. Txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig / kev nyab xeeb nrog cov peev txheej tsim (xws li National Library of Medicine).
5. Pom tau tias kev hloov pauv cov npe yuav hloov tau cov txiaj ntsig lossis cov kev mob tshwm sim.
6. Nco ntsoov cov kev mob tshwm sim los yog kev hloov pauv ntawm kev ua tau zoo hauv daim ntawv qhia.
7. Yog hais tias qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm kev ua tau zoo, ntsuas BDS daim ntawv lo rau kev hloov ntawm cov khoom siv.
8. Thaum ua tau, tshawb xyuas cov peev txheej ntawm qhov zoo (xws li ConsumerLab).
Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug ntau sophisticated kev txawj ntse lub hauv paus rau botanical tshuaj yuav tsum tau nce mus rau qhov kev thov rau cov qauv tsim thiab kev tswj kom zoo, txhim khu kev qha cov ntaub ntawv sau npe, thiab paub txog kev kho mob cov kws kho mob muaj peev xwm qhia cov neeg mob siv ob qho tib si pa thiab tshuaj ntsuab modalities. . Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas kev lag luam, tsoom fwv, thiab kev kawm ua hauj lwm ua ke kom ua tiav qhov kev vam meej ntxiv hauv kev ua kom cov neeg siv khoom nkag mus rau cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, nyab xeeb. Cov qauv zoo li no yuav ua rau muaj kev nyab xeeb hauv kev kho mob thiab kev sim tshuaj botanical ntxiv kom muaj kev ntseeg siab, yog li ua rau cov pov thawj loj hlob ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm thiab ua rau cov khoom lag luam txhim khu kev lag luam nrog cov yam ntxwv zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.
Kev lees paub
Txoj haujlwm no tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm NIH Grant P50 AT00151 rau Lub Chaw rau Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv: Botanicals ntawm UCLA.
Cov ntaub ntawv
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Tau txais lub Tsib Hlis 6, 2004; tau txais lub Yim Hli 20, 2004
