Physiological Benefits Of Novel Selenium Delivery Via Nanoparticles Part 2

2.2. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm Selenium Nanoparticles ntawm Fertility

Infertility yog ib tug kab mob multifactorial uas tau nce ntawm cov txiv neej hluas thiab poj niam thoob ntiaj teb nyob rau hauv lub xyoo caum tsis ntev los no [76]. Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj tam sim no qhia tau hais tias kev ua me nyuam muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog caj ces, txoj kev ua neej, thiab ib puag ncig, nrog rau kev noj haus, kev siv tshuaj ua si, cawv, thiab caffeine noj, thiab raug rau ib puag ncig muaj kuab paug thaum lub sijhawm laus [77,78] (saib daim duab 2).

Infertility yog ib qho teeb meem tshwm sim los ntawm ob peb lub hnub nyoog yug me nyuam. Nws yog hais txog qhov tsis muaj peev xwm xeeb tub ntawm txhua lub hnub nyoog, tom qab ntau xyoo ntawm kev sib yuav. Kev tiv thaiv kab mob yog tus yuam sij rau kev noj qab haus huv, tab sis ntau tus neeg tsis paub tias tseem muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kev xeeb tub. Kab lus no yuav qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev xeeb tub thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob los pab tib neeg kom nkag siab txog lub ntsiab lus no.

Ua ntej tshaj plaws, kev tiv thaiv kab mob yog hais txog kev muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam sab nraud thiab tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas thiab tshem tawm cov kab mob, kab mob, fungi, thiab lwm yam teeb meem los tswj lub cev sib npaug thiab kev noj qab haus huv. Infertility feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov txawv txav los yog kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm cov txiv neej thiab poj niam cev xeeb tub. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no tej zaum yuav muaj feem xyuam rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.

Ib qho ua tau yog tias lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tawm tsam cov phev noj qab haus huv lossis qe, ib qho mob hu ua autoimmune infertility. Thaum lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yog overactive, nws yuam kev phev los yog qe rau txawv teb chaws invaders thiab tawm tsam lawv. Tus mob no feem ntau ua rau cov poj niam cev xeeb tub.

Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob kuj tawm tsam lub embryo, ua rau rov qab nchuav menyuam. Feem ntau qhov nchuav menyuam yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev tawm tsam los ntawm embryo lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Tus mob no hu ua embryo-immune infertility.

Lwm qhov ua tau yog kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntau dhau yog li nws tsis tuaj yeem teb tau zoo txaus rau cov tshuaj phem. Cov kab mob no tuaj yeem tso cai rau cov kab mob, kab mob, thiab lwm yam teeb meem cuam tshuam rau lub cev, ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev xeeb tub. Tsis tas li ntawd, over-suppression ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tej zaum yuav ua rau immunodeficiency infertility.

Yog li ntawd, kev tswj hwm lub cev tsis muaj zog yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Qee yam yooj yim tuaj yeem pab txhawb koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, xws li tswj kev noj qab haus huv, noj zaub mov txaus, tswj kev ntxhov siab, thiab ua kom muaj kev tawm dag zog txaus. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev kuaj xyuas kev noj qab haus huv tsis tu ncua thiab kev kho mob raws sijhawm yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj hwm kev tiv thaiv kab mob zoo.

Zuag qhia tag nrho, kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv thiab infertility yog complex. Thaum lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem ua rau muaj menyuam tsis taus, kev tswj hwm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob kuj tseem ceeb heev rau kev tswj kom muaj menyuam zoo. Yog li ntawd, thaum tam sim no tsis muaj txoj hauv kev los lav qhov kev kho mob ntxiv lawm tshob, tswj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob zoo tuaj yeem txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev xeeb tub. Los ntawm qhov kev xav no, peb yuav tsum txhim kho kev tiv thaiv. Cistanche tuaj yeem txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kab mob, vim Cistanche yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv ntau yam tshuaj antioxidant, xws li vitamin C, carotenoids, thiab lwm yam. Cov khoom xyaw no tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov dawb radicals thiab txo oxidative kev nyuaj siab. Txhim kho qhov tsis kam ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.

Nyem kom paub cistanche tubulosa extract hmoov

Cov kab mob ntev, nrog rau cov ntshav qab zib, feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsim cov tshuaj tsis raug cai ntawm ROS thiab qhov cuam tshuam oxidative kev puas tsuaj txuas rau DNA fragmentation, cytotoxicity, thiab kev tuag ntawm cov phev hlwb. Qhov no ua rau muaj menyuam tsis taus, uas tuaj yeem txo qis los ntawm SeNPs hauv cov qauv nas los ntawm cov txheej txheem uas suav nrog inhibition ntawm lipid peroxidation thiab kev puas tsuaj DNA tom qab [79]. Lwm qhov txiaj ntsig yog tias cov poj niam hauv cov teb chaws tsim kho yuav ncua kev yug me nyuam thiab kev xeeb tub dhau qhov kev xeeb tub, txawm tias qhov kev xav tias tib neeg fertility poob qis nrog lub hnub nyoog nce ntxiv [77].

Kev tshawb fawb loj tau txuas cov kab mob kev ua me nyuam thiab kev xeeb tub mus rau qis Se xwm txheej / Se deficiency thaum qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov cuab yeej pab tu me nyuam (ARTs) hauv cov tsiaj thiab tib neeg nrog cov qib serum tsim nyog tau cuam tshuam nrog cov txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev xav, qhia tias qib tsim nyog ntawm Se yog Qhov tseem ceeb rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm kev sib deev [65,80–82]. Qhov kev paub no tau coj cov kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub no los tshawb txog Se supplementation nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si sim tsiaj cov qauv thiab hauv kev ua liaj ua teb tsiaj txhawm rau txhim kho kev muaj peev xwm ntawm kev yug me nyuam. Qhov tseem ceeb, lub cev tseem ceeb ntawm hom kev tshawb fawb no tau tsom mus rau Se hauv daim ntawv ntawm SeNPs vim nws cov bioavailability siab thiab tsis tshua muaj toxicity piv rau lwm cov ntaub ntawv Se (raws li tau hais dhau los) thiab yog li ntawd, ntu no ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas cov ntsiab lus siv. ntawm SeNPs hauv kev tshawb fawb fertility.

Nyob rau hauv vitro fertilization (IVF) yog ib qho kev siv ntau yam hauv ntau yam tsiaj txhu kev lag luam, xws li kev lag luam nqaij qaib, los txhim kho cov kev xav tau ntawm caj ces zoo thiab nce cov xeeb ntxwv. Ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem tseem ceeb rau kev ua tiav IVF hauv cov tsiaj yog qhov tsis ua tiav ntawm oocyte maturation-ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb ua ntej fertilization, vim yog cov pa oxygen expo-paub tseeb tias manifests li enhanced oocyte oxidative kev nyuaj siab [71,83]. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias kev ntxiv nrog SeNPs txhim kho qhov kev loj hlob ntawm oocytes hauv vitro los ntawm kev tswj hwm ntawm GPx4 thiab superoxide dismutase (SOD) antioxidants, qhov twg cov nyhuv yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv oocytes kho nrog SeNPs ntawm 40 nm piv rau 67 nm vim yog thaj tsam loj dua thiab qib siab dua ntawm cellular internalization ntawm me me SeNPs hais. Interestingly, SeNPs kuj tau txhim kho lub pluripotency thiab oocyte reprogramming, raws li cim los ntawm upregulation ntawm txoj kev loj hlob muaj peev xwm gene [71]. Nyob rau hauv kev txhawb ntxiv ntawm lub peev xwm bioactivity rau tsheb xa Se, hauv vitro bovine oocyte maturation, oocyte DNA kev ncaj ncees, thiab GSH concentration, tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev nce rov nthuav dav ntawm blastocytes hauv vitro, tau pom tag nrho cov post supplementation nrog 1 µg / mL ntawm txhua. SeNPs los yog nano-zinc oxide [83]. Ua ke, cov ntawv ceeb toom no qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm SeNPs hauv cov txheej txheem txuas ncaj qha rau hauv vitro maturation thiab fertilization los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txhim kho antioxidant muaj peev xwm thiab txo oxidative kev nyuaj siab.

Lwm cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv IVF rau tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu yog phev cryopreservation - ib txheej txheem uas yuav tsum tau rov ua kom khov thiab rov ua dua, uas ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj ROS thiab ua rau oxidative kev nyuaj siab uas ua ke txo cov phev muaj peev xwm los ntawm ntau dua 35 feem pua ​​[84]. Raws li cov xwm txheej no, cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias SeNP supplementation markedly txhim kho gamete zoo thaum cov txheej txheem IVF [83,85]. Piv txwv li, bovine phev ntxiv nrog 0.5 thiab, 1.0 µg/mL ntawm SeNPs ua ntej cryopreservation tau sau tseg txhim kho tom qab thawing phev motility thiab daim nyias nyias nrog txo DNA puas thiab tseem ceeb, muaj ntau dua fertility tus nqi ntau dua li ntawm kev tswj hwm [70]. Cov teebmeem kev tiv thaiv no tau raug ntaus nqi los ntawm kev txhim kho tag nrho cov antioxidant muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv seminal plasma nrog los ntawm kev txo qis malondialdehyde concentration (MDA; ib qho cim ntawm oxidative puas tsuaj rau polyunsaturated fatty acids ntawm cell membranes) nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm supplemented Se. Yog li ntawd, qhov sib ntxiv ntawm SeNP ntxiv rau cov phev / zes qe menyuam hauv IVF cov txheej txheem yuav ua kom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob antioxidant thiab khaws cia qhov zoo ntawm gametes, thiab thaum kawg txhim kho tus nqi fertility.

Raws li tau hais yav dhau los, kev cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig muaj kuab paug tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj mus tas li thiab tsis tuaj yeem rov qab mus rau cov txheej txheem ua me nyuam los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm oxidative kev nyuaj siab, DNA puas, poob ntawm cell viability, thiab nce apoptosis, tag nrho cov no tuaj yeem txo qis los ntawm Se [{{0} }]. Piv txwv li, aflatoxin, ib puag ncig cov tshuaj lom uas pom nyob rau hauv cov leeg nqaij thiab daim siab vim bioaccumulation los ntawm kev noj cov khoom ua liaj ua teb, suav nrog mis nyuj thiab qe, tau raug ntaus nqi rau inducing carcinogenic thiab immunosuppressive teebmeem [87]. Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no tau pom tias SeNPs txo qis cov qog nqaij hlav raug mob hauv aflatoxin B-pom cov txiv neej nas vim lawv lub luag haujlwm hauv kev nce lub peev xwm ntawm kev tshem tawm cov dawb radicals thiab txo qis lub nra ntawm ROS, yog li tiv thaiv spermatozoa thiab testis los ntawm lipid peroxidation thiab apoptosis [88].

Lub bioactivity ntawm SeNPs kuj tshwm sim raws li kev txhim kho embryo ntau lawm thaum cov phev ntawm aflatoxin B-exposed txiv neej nas tau fused nrog noj qab nyob zoo oocytes thaum lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv vitro fertilization [88]. Ib yam li ntawd, lwm txoj kev tshawb fawb pom tau tias SeNPs cawm nickel-induced necrosis nyob rau hauv seminiferous tubules los ntawm upregulation ntawm GPx enzymatic kev ua si thiab downregulation ntawm proapoptotic yam uas inhibited caspase-mediated apoptosis, qhia lub antioxidant muaj peev xwm thiab tiv thaiv lub luag hauj lwm ntawm SeNPs tiv thaiv testicular raug mob los ntawm hlau ib puag ncig cov pa phem. [89]. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, tau muaj kev tsom mus rau kev kho mob ua ke nrog cisplatin nrog cov tshuaj antioxidants los tawm tsam ntau yam kev mob tshwm sim, suav nrog kev ua tsis zoo ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav txuas rau kev xeeb tub. Interestingly, SNP kev tswj hwm tau txhim kho cov yam ntxwv histological thiab qhov hnyav ntawm cov qe ntshav nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm cisplatin-induced testicular toxicity [90]; Ib zaug ntxiv qhia txog lub peev xwm rau SeNPs los khaws cov phev uas siv tau.

Lwm qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau kev xeeb tub yog qhov muaj cov tshuaj muaj nyob hauv ntau cov neeg siv khoom lag luam uas yog endocrine cuam tshuam, qhov twg mus ntev raug rau cov tshuaj no cuam tshuam nrog kev ua me nyuam tsis ua haujlwm [91,92]. Piv txwv li, bisphenol A (BPA) yog ib qho tshuaj lom ib puag ncig cuam tshuam nrog cov yas thiab tau txuas rau kev txhawb nqa kev xeeb tub [77]. Txawm li cas los xij, kev sib koom tes ntawm Se rau cov nas uas raug BPA txhim kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antioxidant thiab txo ER-2 qhia cov noob koom nrog hauv kev hloov pauv apoptosis thaum lub sij hawm spermatogenesis, yog li rescuing BPA-induced testicular puas thiab toxicity [93]. Kev tiv thaiv los ntawm SeNPs tshaj qhov ntxiv (inorganic) sodium selenite raws li tau pom los ntawm kev muaj peev xwm txo qis proapoptotic mechanisms, DNA fragmentation, thiab xaiv cov noob qhia theem, muab lub tswv yim muaj zog rau kev tiv thaiv kev yug me nyuam tawm tsam exogenous co toxins.

Lwm qhov kev cuam tshuam ntawm endocrine cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim cov tshuaj lom thiab siv dav hauv cov neeg siv khoom yog di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP). Cov poj niam cev xeeb tub cov nas kis tau rau DBP thiab tswj hwm nrog SeNPs yug rau txiv neej cov xeeb ntxwv nrog txhim kho qib testosterone, txhim kho INSL3 thiab MR noob txuas rau Leydig cell functionality, txhim kho antioxidant muaj peev xwm, thiab txo qis MDA los ntawm inhibition ntawm lipid peroxidation, piv rau cov tsiaj txhu raug DBP ib leeg [76]. Yog li ntawd, SeNPs tuaj yeem yog ib qho kev tiv thaiv ntxiv uas siv los tiv thaiv kev ua menyuam yaus uas raug cuam tshuam los ntawm ib puag ncig co toxins hauv cov pej xeem, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub sij hawm tseem ceeb ntawm cev xeeb tub.

2.3. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm Selenium Nanoparticles ntawm Kev Loj Hlob

Nws yog qhov tseeb tsim tau zoo tias kev noj zaub mov cuam tshuam cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob thiab fertility kev ua tau zoo thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antioxidant ntawm progeny [50]. Qhov tseem ceeb, qhov kev thov nce ntxiv rau cov ntses thiab nqaij ua cov khoom noj tseem ceeb thiab kev nrhiav cov khoom noj uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo nrog cov txiaj ntsig kev noj qab haus huv tau ua rau muaj kev tshawb fawb tshiab hauv kev noj zaub mov zoo kom muab lub ntiaj teb nrog kev txhim kho cov zaub mov zoo ntawm cov khoom lag luam ntau dua [72]. Tsis ntev los no, kev saib xyuas tau tsom mus rau kev ntxiv nrog SeNPs raws li ib qho ntawm cov kev noj haus tseem ceeb siv hauv kev ua liaj ua teb, kev ua liaj ua teb, thiab nqaij qaib kev lag luam [94].

Ntses yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov tsiaj protein nyob hauv ntau lub tebchaws [95]. Txawm li cas los xij, kev xav tau ntawm cov neeg siv khoom nce siab thiab nce hauv ib puag ncig muaj kuab paug tau ua rau muaj kev sib tw hauv kev tshawb fawb txog aquaculture thiab khoom noj khoom haus uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov ntses thiab kev ruaj ntseg zaub mov hauv ntiaj teb [96]. Nile tilapia, nplua nuj nyob rau hauv omega -3 fatty acids, yog ib qho ntawm cov ntses noj thoob plaws ntiaj teb [97]. Cov kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam kev ntxiv ntawm Nile tilapia nrog 1 mg SeNPs / kg lub cev qhov hnyav tau pom tias muaj kev loj hlob zoo dua qub raws li ntsuas los ntawm qhov hnyav dua piv rau kev tswj hwm; Txawm li cas los xij, qhov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm SeNPs no raug txwv, raws li cov ntses ntxiv nrog cov koob tshuaj saum toj no lossis qis dua 1 mg / kg tsis pom qhov hnyav nce [72].

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntses ntxiv nrog 1 mg SeNPs / kg lub cev qhov hnyav tau nthuav tawm qhov kev xav tau ntawm fatty acid profile thiab ib txhij txhim kho kom muaj peev xwm antioxidant raws li pom tau los ntawm cov ntsiab lus polyunsaturated fatty acid ntau dua thiab muaj zog GPx ntau ntxiv, raws li. Cov txiaj ntsig no tau qhia ntxiv txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm koob tshuaj Se siv nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj pub thiab kev loj hlob-txhim kho lub peev xwm ntawm SeNPs thiab cov txiaj ntsig kuj tau txheeb xyuas hauv kev ua liaj ua teb nqaij qaib hnyav [65]. Lwm qhov kev tshawb fawb zoo sib xws piv cov teebmeem ntawm SeNPs rau cov qauv Se (organic thiab inorganic) siv Nile tilapia [51].

Cov txiaj ntsig tau los ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb no tau qhia tias cov ntses ntxiv nrog SeNPs tau pom qhov zoo tshaj plaws hematological profile siv kev ntsuas hemoglobin, cov qe ntshav liab, thiab cov qib IgM, qhia txog kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob thaum siv daim ntawv no ntawm kev noj haus Se. Tsis tas li ntawd, SeNPs ib txhij txhim kho SOD, catalase (CAT), thiab GPx kev ua ub no thiab txo MDA qib hauv daim siab, qhia txog kev tiv thaiv kab mob siab antioxidant uas zoo ib yam nrog kev kawm yav dhau los [72]. Tsis tas li ntawd, SeNPs tau txhim kho txoj hnyuv noj qab haus huv, uas tau pom los ntawm qhov ntev villus ntau dua thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm goblet hlwb nyob rau hauv txoj hnyuv mucosa qhia tau tias muaj kev zom zaub mov zoo dua thiab siv cov khoom noj thiab txhim kho mucosal tiv thaiv rau hauv cov hnyuv.

Qhov tseem ceeb, kev tshawb fawb kuj tau pom tias kev noj zaub mov Se txhim kho lub plab microbiome tau zoo los ntawm kev txhim kho cov kab mob uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab txo qis kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob tsis zoo [98]. Nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog rau lwm cov hlau nanoparticles, xws li nyiaj thiab kub nanoparticles nrog antimicrobial zog, SeNPs kuj tsis tshua muaj tshuaj lom vim lawv yog intrinsically tseem ceeb rau cov txheej txheem metabolic thiab muaj nyob rau hauv cov kab mob lom [99,100].

Cov noog broiler pub nrog 0.9 mg SeNPs / kg lub cev qhov hnyav tau cuam tshuam rau cov kab mob hauv plab thiab txhim kho txoj hnyuv, ua kom pom kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov kab mob muaj txiaj ntsig, suav nrog Lactobacillus thiab Faecalibacterium; ib qho phenotype uas txuas nrog cov khoom noj khoom haus zoo, suav nrog butyrate [101]. Nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev noj zaub mov zoo li no, kev tsim cov roj ntsha luv luv kuj tau txhim kho, thiab qhov no tau cuam tshuam nrog kev txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cov kab mob colonic mucosal, nrog rau kev txo qis hauv kev pheej hmoo ntawm o, ntshav qab zib, thiab IBD. Ua ke, cov txiaj ntsig no tau qhia txog qhov muaj peev xwm siv SeNPs hauv cov nqaij qaib pub los tsim cov txiaj ntsig kev noj qab haus huv los ntawm kev hloov kho lub plab microbiota.

Kev ua kom sov hauv ntiaj teb ua rau muaj qhov kub thiab txias hauv hiav txwv uas cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau kev loj hlob, metabolism, thiab ntau yam kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev ntawm cov tsiaj hauv dej, thiab thaum kawg txo qis kev ciaj sia. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej no, cov txheej txheem koom nrog ua kom cov dawb radical ntau lawm thiab txo cov ntaub so ntswg puas tsuaj uas tuaj yeem txo qis los ntawm SeNP supplementation [102]. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib txoj kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no tau pom tias SeNP supplementation alleviated heat stress and improved thermal tolerance in rainbow trout through the upregulation of GPx and CAT activation and activation of glutamate-glutamine pathways linked to reduce ROS production and o [103]. Microscopically, phospholipid daim nyias nyias ntawm zaj sawv trout yog ib qho tseem ceeb vim SeNP-induced mitigation ntawm oxidative puas. Lwm qhov kev tshawb fawb zoo sib xws tau pom tias SeNPs txhawb kev kho cov protein thiab inhibited apoptosis hauv zaj sawv los ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm cov proteins uas muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab txo qis ntawm cov proteins proapoptotic thiab cholesterol synthesis [104].

Hauv kev lag luam kev ua liaj ua teb, SeNPs ameliorated cua sov kev ntxhov siab nyob rau hauv underdeveloped piglets, tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev txhim kho plasma SOD, CAT, thiab GPx kev ua ub no, nce anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine, thiab txo qis ntawm oxidation biomarker MDA [68]. Lwm qhov kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no tau tsim lub luag haujlwm ntawm SeNPs hauv kev txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab hauv cov nroj tsuag kom txwv tsis pub siv tshuaj tua kab uas muaj peev xwm toxicity hauv tib neeg yog qhov muaj feem cuam tshuam [105]. Tsis tas li ntawd, SeNPs txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kab mob cuam tshuam hauv cov nroj tsuag melon los ntawm kev nce SOD thiab CAT kev ua ub no thiab lawv cov qib mRNA nrog rau kev nce APX thiab POD cov dej num qhia txog kev txhim kho antioxidant muaj peev xwm thiab ROS scavenging [106]. Txhim kho photosynthesis nyob rau hauv melons tau nrog los ntawm kev tshawb pom ntawm ib tug ntau ntawm mitochondria, chlorophyll, thiab demonstrable thickening ntawm cell phab ntsa. Ua ke, cov txiaj ntsig no tau pom qhov tseem ceeb ntawm SeNPs hauv kev kho kom haum xeeb ntawm kev kub ntxhov los ntawm kev txhim kho antioxidant muaj peev xwm thiab thermal thiab lom kev nyuaj siab kam rau ua, yog li txhim kho txoj kev muaj peev xwm ntawm cov kab mob lom.

Ntau cov kev tshawb fawb tau sau tseg tias kev cuam tshuam ntawm niam txiv kev noj zaub mov nrog SeNP supplementation cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob thiab fertility kev ua tau zoo thiab antioxidant txheej xwm ntawm progeny [52,107]. Piv rau sodium selenite thiab selenium poov xab, SeNPs tau zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev txhim kho qe qe, qe hnyav, thiab pub hloov pauv piv rau hauv cov qe qe, nrog rau kev nce se concentration hauv qe, GPx1 siab mRNA qib thiab cov ntshav GPx kev ua, thiab qis MDA qib. [66]. Interestingly, SeNPs txhim kho qhov kev kam rau ntawm nteg qe rau deoxynivalenol (DON; fungal toxin) feem ntau yuav los ntawm ib tug mechanism ntawm SeNP-mediated li ntawm antioxidant kev ua si [65]. Yog li, nteg qe raug rau DON thiab pub nrog SeNP-cov khoom noj ntxiv tau pom tias muaj zog tiv thaiv antioxidant thiab tiv thaiv kab mob rau DON, tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev txhim kho GPx qib, ntau dua qe ntau dua, thiab tiv thaiv oxidative puas tsuaj thiab mos-shelled los yog tawg qe qe.

Txawm hais tias qhov tsim nyog ntawm cov cua sov yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv embryonic txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob, qhov kub ntawm incubation siab tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev hatchability thiab kev loj hlob ntawm broilers [65]. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv ovo txhaj ntawm SeNPs thaum lub sij hawm lig incubation nyob rau hauv broilers ho txhim kho antioxidant muaj peev xwm thiab attenuated oxidative kev nyuaj siab, uas manifested raws li txo cortisol qib thiab nce T3 / T4 piv, qhia txo cov cua sov kev nyuaj siab thiab nce thyroid hormone metabolism. Ntxiv dua thiab, cov txiaj ntsig no txhawb nqa qhov tseem ceeb thiab muaj peev xwm siv tau ntawm SeNP supplementation los txhim kho cov khoom noj khoom haus thiab zoo hauv kev lag luam nqaij qaib.

2.4. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm Selenium Nanoparticles ntawm Kab Mob thiab Tib Neeg Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv

Raws li tau hais los saum no, Se muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab antioxidant. Yog li, lub cev ntawm kev tshawb fawb tau tshawb xyuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm Se tshwj xeeb hauv daim ntawv ntawm SeNPs ntawm kev txo cov kab mob, suav nrog mob ntshav qab zib nephropathy [108], Alzheimer's disease [61], thiab leukemia [109] hauv vitro thiab tsiaj qauv.

Cov kab mob uas muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev laus, suav nrog ntshav qab zib, Alzheimer's disease (AD), kab mob plawv, thiab mob qog noj ntshav yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev tsim ROS ntau ntxiv, oxidative stress, thiab mob ntev. Hauv cov nas mob ntshav qab zib, SeNPs tau pom tias txo qis cov cim proinflammatory, suav nrog IL-1 thiab TNF qib thiab lub raum MDA qib ua rau txo qis oxidative kev nyuaj siab, qhia los ntawm kev txhim kho lub raum ua haujlwm vim txo qis ntshav urea thiab creatinine nrog rau cov qib qabzib. [108]. Tsis tas li ntawd, resveratrol (RSV) ib qho tshuaj tshwm sim tshwm sim hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nrog cov khoom siv tshuaj tiv thaiv neuroprotective tau pom tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws tiv thaiv AD thaum xa mus rau nas hauv RSV-SeNPs cocktail [110]. Hais txog cov txheej txheem lom neeg ntawm kev ua haujlwm, kev sib koom ua ke ntawm RSV thiab SeNPs tuaj yeem txo qis lipid peroxidation zoo dua, txo cov mitochondrial membrane cuam tshuam, thiab kho cov qib ntawm cov enzymes antioxidant hauv AD- cuam tshuam rau lub hlwb cov ntaub so ntswg. Cov nas tsuag nrog AD tswj hwm nrog RSV-SeNPs cocktail pom cov tsos mob zoo dua AD, pom los ntawm kev txhim kho acetylcholine qib thiab cuam tshuam kev tsim ntawm A aggregates nrog rau kev txhim kho kev tshem tawm ntawm A peptides, yog li inhibiting lub zos inflammatory teb.

Lub peev xwm kho tau txiaj ntsig ntawm SeNP kev ua haujlwm tiv thaiv oxidative kev nyuaj siab thiab mob o kuj tau pom nyob rau hauv tus qauv ntawm kev mob plawv oxidative puas tsuaj thiab fibrosis tshwm sim los ntawm cov thyroid hormones qis hauv cov nas hypothyroid [111]. Ntawm no, SeNPs tswj hwm ntawm 150 µg / kg attenuated cardiac fibrosis thiab hypertrophy ntawm cardiomyocytes los ntawm kev txhim kho CAT thiab SOD cov dej num thiab thiol qib, nrog rau cov qib MDA dampened hauv cov ntaub so ntswg plawv. Ib yam li hauv cov qauv rau vascular endothelial cell dysfunction thiab raug mob nyob rau hauv nas induced los ntawm homocysteine, SeNPs, sodium selenite, thiab selenomethionine txhim kho cov vascular phenotype los ntawm kev cawm ntawm lub zos GPx1 thiab GPx4 theem [112]. Qhov tseem ceeb, nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej no, SeNPs pom cov tshuaj lom qis dua piv rau lwm cov ntaub ntawv Se thaum tswj hwm qib zoo sib xws ntawm vaso-tiv thaiv. Qhov qis toxicity ntawm SeNPs tau lees paub hauv lwm txoj kev tshawb fawb uas LD50 ntawm SeNPs yog 18-fold ntau dua li ntawm selenite hauv cov qauv nas, nrog tsawg dua Se tuav [113]. Txawm li cas los xij, SeNPs thaum muab tshuaj tib yam li selenite tsis tsuas yog txo qis TBARS (lwm tus cim thib ob ntawm lipid peroxidation), tab sis kuj nce qib GSH.

Ntxiv rau SeNP cov khoom siv kho mob hauv cov kab mob ntev, kev thauj khoom ntawm Se tau tshaj tawm los qhia txog kev sib koom ua ke nrog cov tshuaj mob qog noj ntshav lossis qhia txog kev tiv thaiv kabmob kheesxaws tshwj xeeb rau cov kabmob kheesxaws, qhia tias tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlwb thiab cov ntaub so ntswg. Piv txwv li, SeNPs txhawb o thiab cell lysis nyob rau hauv mob myeloid leukemia (AML) hlwb ntawm cell voj voog ntes thiab apoptosis, thaum tso tawm tsawg heev toxicity rau hematopoietic qia hlwb thiab T hlwb [109]. Qhov tseem ceeb, SNPs siv nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no tau muab tso rau hauv nanotubes uas muaj triple helix -d-glucan (BFP) polysaccharide muab rho tawm los ntawm cov fungus dub uas txhawb kom adhesion rau cov ntaub so ntswg lom, yog li nce BFP-SeNP nqus thiab khaws cia tus nqi. Ib yam li ntawd, SeNPs encapsulated hauv kub nanocages raug tso tawm rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg thaum hluav taws xob thiab txhawb lub zos apoptosis vim ROS-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, thaum siv nrog rau cov tshuaj mob qog noj ntshav, qhia txog qhov muaj peev xwm tso tawm ntawm SeNPs [64]. Qhov tseem ceeb, SeNPs txhim kho kev tshem tawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer piv rau cov hlwb noj qab haus huv uas tau lees paub los ntawm lwm txoj kev tshawb fawb [114]. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev txhim kho ntawm kev xaiv apoptosis siv SeNPs kuj tau pom nyob rau hauv mob qog noj ntshav mis, nyob rau hauv kev sim kab lis kev cai uas SeNPs tau ntxiv rau cov qog nqaij hlav cancer mis hauv vitro 24 teev ua ntej kev kho mob irradiation [115].

Txhawm rau txhim kho kev xaiv ntawm SeNPs hauv kev xa cov tshuaj mob qog noj ntshav, kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias SeNPs txuas nrog folate (FA) ua ntej thauj cov tshuaj mob qog noj ntshav ruthenium polypyridyl (RuPOP), tau txhim kho cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb kom RuPOP tsuas yog tso tawm hauv ib qho acidic microenvironment (piv txwv li, lub plab) los pab txhawb cov tshuaj tso tawm nyob rau hauv ib qho kev xav tau zam [116]. Ua ke, cov txiaj ntsig no qhia txog qhov muaj peev xwm siv SeNPs los ua kev kho mob qog noj ntshav vim lawv cov kev xaiv hauv kev txhawb nqa cov qog nqaij hlav cancer tuag, zoo li los ntawm SeNPs 'kev ua kom lub voj voog ntawm tes raug ntes ntawm G2 / M theem, metabolic stress, thiab nce intracellular ROS ntau lawm hauv mob qog noj ntshav. Ntxiv rau qhov kev ua haujlwm apoptotic ntawm SeNPs tawm tsam cov qog nqaij hlav cancer, SeNPs conjugated rau quercetin (Qu) thiab acetylcholine (ACh) tam sim no cov tshuaj tua kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob multidrug-resistant superbugs (MDRs) los ntawm kev ua kom tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov kab mob ntawm phab ntsa ntawm adhesion [63].

Raws li tau hais dhau los, SeNPs tuaj yeem txo qis qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo ntawm ib puag ncig cov co toxins thiab tshuaj lom neeg uas muaj nyob hauv cov khoom lag luam ntawm kev xeeb tub, thiab lawv cov txiaj ntsig zoo kuj tuaj yeem pom hauv lwm yam kab mob. Selenium nanoparticles tuaj yeem kho cov tshuaj neurotoxicity thiab lub cev tsis muaj zog hauv cov nas tsuag nrog cypermethrin (CYP) tshuaj tua kab los ntawm kev txo cov oxidative kev nyuaj siab vim CYP metabolism hauv daim siab uas yields ROS thiab oxidative stress [117]. Neurotoxic nas kho nrog SeNPs pom cov txiaj ntsig ntawm tus cwj pwm zoo uas tau txuas nrog nce qib ntawm GABA thiab glutathione thiab qis dua ntawm MDA thiab cov cim inflammatory (TNF- thiab IL-1 ), yog li tiv thaiv kev mob siab CYP ntau dhau ntawm cov neuronal system. Tsis tas li ntawd, SeNPs tiv thaiv lub siab thiab lub raum tiv thaiv cov tshuaj lom los ntawm kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob, acetaminophen, los ntawm kev saib xyuas ntawm DNA kev ncaj ncees thiab txhim kho cov kab mob siab antioxidant raws li kev txhawb nqa histologically los ntawm kev txo cov kab mob hepatic oxidative thiab kho cov kab mob hepatic cellular [62] .

Interestingly, ib txoj kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no tau tshawb xyuas qhov muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev phom sij ntawm SeNPs hauv cov kab mob inflammatory, raws li o txhawb kev tso tawm ntawm cov neeg kho mob inflammatory uas excite nociceptive neurons ua rau mob hauv zos thiab mob [118]. Txawm hais tias SeNPs 'kev tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm tau txhawb nqa los ntawm cov lej leukocyte txo qis thiab cov cytokines proinflammatory, suav nrog prostaglandin, TBAR, thiab NOx cov cim, SeNPs tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov qauv nas.

2.5. Synthesis ntawm Selenium Nanoparticles

Kev xav tau txhua hnub ntawm Se kom tsawg uas lub cev xav tau tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm kev noj cov khoom noj Se-enriched, suav nrog zaub, nplej, thiab nqaij; Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev xav tau niaj hnub ntawm Se yuav tsis txaus los ntawm kev noj zaub mov ib leeg [119]. Piv nrog rau cov qauv Se supplementation cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam, SeNPs outperform cov organic thiab inorganic Se cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm bioactivity thiab toxicity. Raws li qhov muaj peev xwm siv SeNPs hauv kev lag luam aquaculture, nqaij qaib, thiab tib neeg ntxiv kev lag luam, SeNPs tuaj yeem dhau los ua ib daim ntawv tshiab ntawm Se supplementation [76]. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los ua ke SeNPs, uas feem ntau hom yog tshuaj synthesis uas siv ntau yam reagents, thiab biosynthesis uas muaj cov nroj tsuag lossis cov kab mob los tsim cov kab mob encapsulated [120]. Rau cov txheej txheem tshuaj, kev npaj ntawm SeNPs thiab tus cwj pwm ntawm ob txoj kev siv hluavtaws feem ntau yog tus qauv, txawm li cas los xij, kev npaj rau biosynthesis ntawm SeNPs sib txawv nyob ntawm seb hom nroj tsuag thiab cov kab mob siv, uas tau sau tseg thiab sib tham hauv no.

Rau kev npaj ntawm SeNPs los ntawm cov tshuaj synthesis, tus qauv raws tu qauv siv los ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb feem ntau koom nrog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm 1 mL ntawm 25 mM NaSe tov rau hauv 4 mL ntawm glutathione (GSH) ntawm tib qhov concentration uas muaj 15 mg ntawm bovine serum albumin (BSA), Tom qab cov supplementation ntawm stabilizing polymer thiab pH hloov mus rau 7.2 [41,117]. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias qhov loj thiab qhov nqi ntawm SeNPs tuaj yeem hloov kho los ntawm kev hloov pauv pH ntawm cov tshuaj thiab BSA tus nqi siv hauv kev tsim khoom [3,121]. Cov kev daws teeb meem kawg uas muaj cov khoom SeNP tau ua kom huv los ntawm kev lim dej tawm tsam ob npaug ntawm cov dej distilled rau 4 hnub, thiab cov dej tau hloov txhua hnub kom cais cov khoom los ntawm GSH los ntawm cov khoom kawg. Cov morphology thiab tus kheej ntawm cov khoom kawg tau raug txheeb xyuas thiab txheeb xyuas siv X-ray diffraction, muab cov qauv me me uas muaj phosphotungstic acid (2 feem pua) ntawm daim phiaj tooj liab thiab saib cov qauv hauv kev xa hluav taws xob microscopy (TEM). Lwm txoj kev npaj ua haujlwm selenium dioxide (SeO2) yaj hauv cov dej distilled uas muaj 0.2 feem pua ​​​​polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) kom tau txais cov kua qaub selenious, uas ua kom pom tseeb thaum txias hauv da dej khov [118]. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov dej khov txias 0.1 mol / L txo tus neeg sawv cev, potassium borohydride, pib hloov xim hauv cov tshuaj SeO2 los ntawm ntshiab mus rau daj-txiv kab ntxwv, uas yog qhov qhia txog kev tsim ntawm SeNPs. Zoo ib yam li tus cwj pwm uas tau hais dhau los, cov kev daws teeb meem uas muaj SeNPs yog tom qab ntawd tus cwj pwm siv dynamic light scattering (DLS) thiab electrophoretic light scattering (ELS) cov tswv yim los txiav txim siab zeta peev xwm tus nqi thiab muab cov morphology ntawm SeNPs. Ntau dua zeta muaj peev xwm, tsis hais qhov kos npe (piv txwv li, ntxiv rau /−) yog qhov qhia txog kev ruaj ntseg particle thiab qhov no tshwm sim raws li kev tiv thaiv kev sib sau ua ke. Qhov no tau piav qhia los ntawm tus nqi qis dua rau lub peev xwm zeta, txhais tau hais tias lub zog txaus nyiam tuaj yeem tshaj qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev cuam tshuam, thiab kev tawg tuaj yeem tawg thiab tsim cov pob me me / pawg. Yog li, qhov tsim nyog zeta muaj peev xwm muaj txiaj ntsig yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm SeNPs [122].

Rau biosynthesis ntawm SeNPs, ntau cov kev tshawb fawb siv cov txheej txheem zoo ib yam li cov tshuaj syntheses (pib saum toj no) tab sis siv cov nroj tsuag thiab ascorbic acid ua cov tshuaj reductant [76,113,123]. Cov dej-soluble thiab natural polymer polysaccharides, xws li chitosan, konjac glucomannan, acacia gum, carboxymethyl cellulose, glucan muab tau los ntawm cov nroj tsuag, xws li fungus dub [109], thiab Lentinus Edodes (shiitake nceb) [114], thiab cov hauv paus hniav, suav nrog Withania somnifera [79], tau ua hauj lwm, vim lawv yog cov zoo stabilizers nyob rau hauv lub synthesis ntawm dispersed colloidal SeNPs [123]. Selenium nanoparticles tsim siv cov txheej txheem no siv selenious acid tov nyob rau hauv ib tug sib tov uas muaj polysaccharides, xws li cellulose, yielding ib tug Se / cellulose aqueous suspension uas yog tov nrog ascorbic acid. Cov tshuaj ascorbic acid tau maj mam ntxiv rau hauv Se / cellulose suspension thiab nquag nplawm kom txog thaum lub ncua sij hawm hloov xim ntawm dawb mus rau cib liab / txiv kab ntxwv raws li Se / cellulose colloids thiab SeNPs pib tsim. Cov khoom kawg tuaj yeem raug muab cais tawm, lim dej los ntawm kev lim dej, thiab ntxuav nrog dej thiab 70 feem pua ​​​​ethanol kom tshem tawm cov kua qaub ascorbic thiab lwm yam khoom uas tsis muaj molecular, ces qhuav siv cov txheej txheem tshuaj tsuag kom qhuav kom tshem tawm cov seem seem.

Lwm qhov kev tshawb fawb zoo sib xws tshawb xyuas cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm SeNPs tiv thaiv cov kab mob superbug siv quercetin (Qu), cov nroj tsuag tseem ceeb flavonoid tam sim no nyob rau hauv ntau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, paj, thiab zaub vim nws cov khoom siv los tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab tseem muaj acetylcholine (ACh) neurotransmitter vim nws muaj peev xwm ua tau. ua ke nrog cov receptor tam sim no ntawm cov kab mob ntawm phab ntsa, yog li txhawb kev khi ntawm Qu-ACh-SeNPs rau cov kab mob [63]. Txhawm rau tsim cov Qu-ACh-SeNPs, NaSe tau tov nrog Qu yaj hauv methanol thiab ACh chloride nyob rau hauv muaj acetic acid rau 10 min nyob rau hauv txias txias. Tom qab qhov sib ntxiv ntawm tus neeg sawv cev txo qis, sodium borohydride, qhov sib tov tau sib xyaw ua ke. Cov tshuaj liab zaum kawg yog centrifuged los sau cov nag lossis daus liab, ua raws li rov qab ntxuav nrog PBS kom tau txais cov khoom kawg Qu-ACh-SeNP.

Synthesis ntawm SeNP tuaj yeem siv cov kab mob cell lysates [124] los yog anaerobic granular sludge uas muaj cov kab mob los txo cov selenite-forming biogenic SeNPs [3]. Cov kauj ruam rau cov txheej txheem no suav nrog kev sib sau ua ke granular-sludge biofilms los ntawm anaerobic sludge daim pam reactor kho cov ntawv zeb khib nyiab uas tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev hloov pauv microbial ntawm soluble Se oxyanions rau insoluble elemental Se, uas tau muab tso rau hauv biogenic SeNPs raws li kev pom zoo los ntawm cov tsos ntawm xim liab. Mechanistically, cov kab mob ua ke SeNPs los ntawm selenite denitrification uas muaj nitrate reductases thiab cellular cofactors (tam sim no nyob rau hauv E. coli), txo cov Se (IV) tebchaw uas muaj nitrite reductases (tam sim no nyob rau hauv Rhizobium), thiab selenate reductase koom nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj txo cov tshuaj. selenate, los yog selenite txo los ntawm txo thiols, xws li GSH (tam sim no nyob rau hauv eukaryotic hlwb, cyanobacteria, thiab -, - thiab - pab pawg neeg ntawm cov proteobacteria) [60]. Cov txheej txheem no muaj cov txiaj ntsig ntxiv ntawm kev txo cov paug ntawm Se-contaminated sludge mus rau hauv dej ib puag ncig xav txog kev txhawj xeeb ntau ntxiv nyob ib puag ncig Se toxicity hauv cov tsiaj dej [57]. Interestingly, biogenic SeNPs tau pom tias yog 3.

Txawm hais tias tsawg dua toxicity ntawm biogenic SeNPs piv rau cov tshuaj synthesized SeNPs, ib qho kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev sib txuas nrog hom kev sib txuas no yog tias muaj ntau ntawm cov biogen SeNPs tuaj yeem nyob hauv bioreactor vim nws cov qauv colloidal ua rau tawm mus rau hauv dej ib puag ncig. [3]. Txawm li cas los xij, biogenic SeNPs tsis tshua muaj tshuaj lom nrog qis bioavailability vim muaj cov tshuaj polymeric extracellular, uas txo cov kev cuam tshuam ntawm nanoparticles thiab cov kab mob lom. Hauv kev sib piv rau kev siv cov sludge lom hauv kev tsim cov biogenic SeNPs, lwm cov kev tshawb fawb tau siv cov ntses hauv nruab nrog cev, xws li gills [57]. Hauv cov kev tshawb fawb no, homogenized ntses gills tau centrifuged los sau cov supernatant, uas tau tov nrog 200 mL ntawm 2M sodium selenite thiab shaken tsis tu ncua rau 36 h. Tom qab centrifugation, cov pellets tau qhuav tau qhuav thiab khaws cia rau hauv chav tsev kub kom lawv tuaj yeem tom qab raug crushed los ua ib qho tag nrho colloid raws li xav tau rau kev noj haus ntxiv.

Raws li tau hais dhau los, SeNPs raug xaiv tuaj yeem siv los ua kev xa tshuaj los txhim kho cov kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom thauj ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob noj qab haus huv, qhov kev sib txuas ntawm SeNPs feem ntau suav nrog kev siv hlau nanocages, suav nrog kub. Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom no suav nrog ob kauj ruam, (i) kev sib txuas ntawm cov nanocages kub, thiab (ii) kev thauj khoom ntawm selenious acid thiab theem hloov cov ntaub ntawv (PCM), xws li lauric acid, rau hauv nanocages [64]. Ua ntej, cov nyiaj nanocubes ntawm 45 hli tau hloov mus rau kub nanocages (AuNCs) los ntawm kev hloov cov tshuaj tiv thaiv galvanic nrog HAuCl4. Thib ob, 1 mL AuNCs tau tawg rau hauv 0.5 mL ntawm methanol uas muaj 0.3 g ntawm PCM (lauric acid) thiab 0.2 g ntawm selenious acid, uas yog nplawm ntawm 50 ◦C rau 5 h thiab ces centrifuged ntawm 14, 000 rpm kom tau SeNPs encapsulated nyob rau hauv kub nanocages uas muaj peev xwm ces yuav redispersed nyob rau hauv 1 mL ntawm deionized dej kom tau cov khoom zaum kawg. Ib yam li ntawd, lwm txoj kev tshawb fawb tau npaj ob hom selenium nanoparticles nrog quantum mechanical zog uas pom tias muaj kev loj hlob inhibition hauv cov qog nqaij hlav cancer los ntawm induction ntawm mitochondria-mediated apoptosis thiab necrosis [125]. Lwm txoj kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam cov kev kho kom zoo dua ntawm SeNPs rau cov tshuaj mob qog noj ntshav, ruthenium polypyridyl (RuPOP) conjugated folate (FA) thiab SeNPs rau RuPOP, tsim FA-RuPOP-SeNPs, uas tau tsim nyob rau hauv ib qho zoo sib xws siv ascorbic acid, sodium selenite, thiab polysaccharide polymers [116]. FA receptors feem ntau overexpressed nyob rau hauv cov qog nqaij hlav cancer, uas yog ib tug yam ntxwv uas yuav tsum tau leveraged thaum tsim kho cov tshuaj kho mob cancer los pab txhawb kev xa thiab uptake ntawm FA-RuPOP-SeNPs los ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer.

3. Cov lus xaus
Kev noj zaub mov ntxiv ntawm SeNPs tau pom ntau yam txiaj ntsig hauv kev ua liaj ua teb thiab tib neeg, nrog rau kev ua tau zoo tshaj li cov qauv tshuaj ntawm kev noj haus Se. Yog li ntawd, nws tau nce pom tias yog ib qho kev hloov tshiab thiab tshiab. Paub txog cov khoom antioxidant ntawm kev noj haus Se, cov txiaj ntsig tau teev tseg rau SeNPs suav nrog kev txo qis, txhim kho kev loj hlob, txhim kho kev noj haus zoo, kev tiv thaiv kab mob, txhim kho kev ua me nyuam tag nrho, txo oxidative kev nyuaj siab thiab mob, ameliorated tshav kub ntxhov, neurotoxicity, thiab ib puag ncig muaj kuab paug, nce ntxiv. tiv thaiv kab mob, kev pab cuam hauv kev kho mob, xaiv apoptosis ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer, xaiv cov tshuaj kho mob qog noj ntshav, thiab cov tshuaj tua kab mob tiv thaiv superbugs.

Txawm li cas los xij, cov kev tshawb fawb ntxiv tseem yuav tsum tau qhia meej txog cov tshuaj pharmacological thiab kev nyab xeeb ntau npaum li cas vim muaj kev hloov pauv hauv kev lom neeg thiab ib puag ncig, thiab qhov sib txawv (piv txwv li) Se xwm txheej rau tsiaj txhu thiab tib neeg hauv ntau thaj tsam ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Cov txiaj ntsig tau hais los saum toj no ua ke nrog ntau txoj hauv kev siv hluavtaws siv los tsim kho SeNPs rau kev siv hauv kev ua liaj ua teb hnyav, thiab raws li kev kho mob rau tib neeg pathologies, ua daim ntawv no ntawm Se tus neeg sib tw tseem ceeb rau kev tshawb fawb ntxiv. Txawm li cas los xij, ntxiv rau cov ntaub ntawv toxicity tsawg, tam sim no, muaj qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pharmacokinetic tiav, suav nrog SeNP uptake vs. ib nrab-lub neej thiab cov metabolism, thiab cov tsub zuj zuj ntawm SeNPs los yog cov metabolite hauv cov ntaub so ntswg vs. Thaum muaj kev kawm tiav pharmacokinetic ntxiv rau cov ntaub ntawv zoo ntawm SeNPs, kev sim ntxiv ntawm cov kev pom zoo Se xa tuaj yuav xav tau kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej ntawm tib neeg siv cov kev sim tswj randomized.

Tus sau kev koom tes:

Conceptualization, PKW, thiab GA; software, AM, AA, and J.-YS; validation, AA thiab AM; kev tshawb nrhiav, AA; cov peev txheej, AA; cov ntaub ntawv curation, AA thiab AM; sau ntawv-kev npaj ua ntej, AA thiab AM; sau—kev tshuaj xyuas thiab kho, PKW, J.-YS thiab GA; kev pom, AM; kev saib xyuas, PKW, thiab GA; Kev nrhiav nyiaj txiag, PKW Txhua tus kws sau ntawv tau nyeem thiab pom zoo rau cov ntawv luam tawm ntawm cov ntawv sau.

Nyiaj txiag:

Qhov kev tshawb fawb no tau txais nyiaj los ntawm Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Tshawb Fawb Australia, muab tus lej "DP200102670" (raug muab rau PKW).

Institutional Review Board Statement:

Tsis siv rau cov kev tshawb fawb tsis cuam tshuam nrog tib neeg lossis tsiaj.

Kev lees paub:

Peb ua tsaug Belal Chami rau kev nyeem cov qauv ntawm cov ntawv sau no thiab rau cov lus qhia tseem ceeb.

Kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kev txaus siab:

Cov kws sau ntawv tshaj tawm tsis muaj kev sib cav txog kev txaus siab.

Cov ntaub ntawv

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