Phenolic compounds los ntawm nplooj thiab paj ntawm Hibiscus Roseus: Tej zaum daim tawv nqaij daim ntawv thov ntawm ib tug nyob rau hauv-nrhiav hom

Thov hu rauoscar.xiao@wecistanche.comyog xav paub ntxiv

Abstract:Kev siv cov nroj tsuag extracts nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj pleev ib ce yog ib tug niaj hnub tiam vim lawv nplua nuj nyob rau hauv polyphenols uas ua raws li anti-aging molecules. hibiscus rose yog ib hom kab mob perennial nyob rau hauv ltalis, nrog zoo nkauj mos paj paj; nws cov phenolic muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov dej num lom neeg tseem tsis tau kawm. Lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj kev tshawb no yog txhawm rau txheeb xyuas thiab txheeb xyuas cov phenolics thiab ntsuas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antioxidant, hnub tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws (SIPF), thiab kev ua haujlwm los tiv thaiv collagenase ntawm ethanolic extracts ntawm H. roseus nplooj (HL) thiab paj (HE).p- Coumaric, chlorogenic, thiab trans-ferulic acids derivatives, nrog rau quercetin thiab kaempferol flavonoids, yog lub ntsiab phenolic tebchaw kuaj pom. Catechin, epicatechin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, kaempferol-7-O-glucoside, salidroside, oenin, thiab peonidin-3-O-glucoside raug kuaj pom tsuas yog nyob rau hauv HF, thaum phloridzin tsuas yog los ntawm HL, uas kuj pom ntau dua ntawm hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives. HF yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv flavonoids thiab tag nrho phenolics, kuj nthuav tawm ntau dua antioxidant muaj peev xwm.bioflavonoidsSPF thiab anti-collagenase kev ua ntawm ob qho tib si rho tawm tau zoo sib xws thiab piv rau cov qauv hluavtaws. Tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig pom tau tias H. roseus extracts yog qhov chaw cog lus ntawm bioactive phenolic compounds uas tuaj yeem siv los ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev laus hauv cov tshuaj pleev ib ce.

Ntsiab lus:anti-collagenase; antioxidant; flavonoids; paj; tshuaj pleev ib ce tshuaj ntsuab; hydroxycinnamic acids; LC-MS/MS-MRM; nplooj; tu tawv nqaij; tiv thaiv tshav ntuj

1. Taw qhia

Kev siv tshuaj pleev ib ce yog qhov qub, thiab nws keeb kwm zoo sib xws nrog tib neeg [1,2]. Cov tshuaj pleev ib ce ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog qee yam khoom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, yog qeb loj hauv kev lag luam no [1,3]. Yog li ntawd, kev txaus siab rau kev saib xyuas ntawm daim tawv nqaij tau dhau mus, ua rau qhov kev thov rau cov khoom siv tau zoo los ntawm cov khoom ntuj tsim [2].

Thov nias ntawm no kom paub ntxiv

Kev paub tsis ntev los no txog ib puag ncig, kev saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv, thiab kev siv tshuaj me me ntawm cov tshuaj hluavtaws ua rau muaj kev txaus siab ntxiv rau cov tshuaj pleev ib ce, uas tam sim no sawv cev ib feem peb ntawm tag nrho cov tshuaj pleev ib ce [1A]. Yog li, kev siv cov nroj tsuag rho tawm thiab lawv cov phytoconstituents raws li cov khoom xyaw nquag yog niaj hnub "pro-ecological" mus kom ze [5,6]. Qhov kev thov nce ntxiv rau cov khoom lag luam no tuaj yeem yog vim lawv cov kev mob tshwm sim txo qis, lawv cov kev ua haujlwm dav dav ua ke nrog kev ua tau zoo, thiab lawv cov nqi qis feem ntau [7,8].

Cov nroj tsuag yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv ntau chav kawm ntawm bioactive compounds, yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau cov khoom xyaw tshiab lub luag hauj lwm rau kev kho mob ntau yam kab mob [9,10]. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov nroj tsuag kuj yog qhov chaw ntawm ntuj moisturizers, flavorings, thiab pigments, uas ua rau lawv nthuav heev rau daim tawv nqaij daim ntawv thov kom zoo nkauj [5]. Thaum kawg, cov nroj tsuag rho tawm feem ntau suav tias muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ua tiav cov cai ntawm cov cai tswj hwm [10,11].

Ntawm cov tebchaw uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag rho tawm, phenolics tau txais kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb raws li cov khoom xyaw nquag [12,13], feem ntau vim tias lawv sawv tawm los ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab tshuaj tua kab mob antioxidant [14,15]. Cov khoom no ua rau lawv zoo tshaj plaws tiv thaiv thiab kho cov molecules rau cov tawv nqaij mob, tau siv rau hauv cosmetology thiab dermatology [16]. Cov kev ua haujlwm antioxidant pom zoo ntawm phenolics kuj yog ib feem ntawm lawv cov teebmeem kev laus, uas yog vim lawv lub peev xwm txo qis collagen degradation thiab muab kev tiv thaiv UV [16]. Yog li ntawd, kev siv natural phenolic-nplua nuj extracts nrog siab antioxidant muaj peev xwm tau tshawb xyuas thiab txhawb kom hloov cov hluavtaws antioxidants hauv cov khoom tawv nqaij [12].

Cistanche tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev laus

Cov khoom ntuj tsim tawm los ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntawm tsev neeg Malvaceae tau siv thoob ntiaj teb, thiab genus Hibiscus tau txais kev saib xyuas zoo rau ntau yam kev ua haujlwm tshuaj ntawm lawv cov extracts thiab rau lawv cov phenolic abundance [17-19]. Hibiscus spp. Muaj txog 240 hom ntawm txhua xyoo los yog perennial flowering tshuaj ntsuab, shrubs, los yog ntoo, uas yog faib nyob rau hauv txawv cheeb tsam ntawm lub ntiaj teb no [20]. Hibiscus extracts tau siv rau hauv cov tshuaj ib txwm siv raws li emollients rau kev kho mob ntawm ntau daim tawv nqaij mob thiab kub hnyiab [19,21].muab cistancheRaws li cov ntaub ntawv cov ntaub ntawv no, rho tawm los ntawm Hibiscus sp. Cov nroj tsuag tej zaum yuav nthuav cov khoom xyaw rau daim tawv nqaij kom zoo nkauj formulations, tiv thaiv lub hlwb los ntawm oxidative kev nyuaj siab, collagen degradation, thiab cov teeb meem los ntawm UV hluav taws xob.

Txawm hais tias cov genus Hibiscus muaj ntau hom, tsawg dua 10 feem pua ​​​​ntawm lawv tau tshawb xyuas txog tam sim no [17]. Hibiscus roseus Thore (syn. H.palustris L., H.moscheutos subsp. palustris (L.) RT Clausen.) yog ib hom kab mob uas muaj hnub nyoog ntau xyoo hauv tebchaws Ltalis [22,23] Kev txheeb xyuas thiab kev piav qhia ntawm H. roseus tseem nyob hauv kev sib cav[ 20, 23] ib. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv, hom H. moscheutos subsp. palustris tau qhia ntxov heev hauv Tebchaws Europe thaum nyob hauv Fabkis, nws tau piav qhia tias yog hom tshiab, H. roseus, los ntawm Thore hauv 1807 [23]. Cov tsiaj no tsis tau ua tus cwj pwm rau nws cov phenolic muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab tau kawm txog nws cov haujlwm lom neeg, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsis muaj peev xwm nthuav tawm cov tshuaj bioactive rau cov khoom tu tawv nqaij.

Kev siv pej xeem hauv kev kho mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab dav spectrum ntawm bioactivities ntawm Hibiscus hom pom tseeb qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb tshiab tsom rau cov nroj tsuag no [17]. Yog li ntawd, lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj kev tshawb no yog los ua tus yam ntxwv ntawm phenolic muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab ntsuas lub peev xwm antioxidant, tiv thaiv hnub ci, thiab collagenase inhibition kev ua haujlwm ntawm ethanolic extracts ntawm nplooj thiab paj ntawm H. roseus. Peb cov txiaj ntsig tau nthuav tawm thawj zaug ntawm cov phenolic muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab kev tiv thaiv kev laus-txog bioactivities ntawm H. roseus, qhia txog lub peev xwm ntawm cov kab mob hauv qab no hauv kev siv tshuaj thiab tshuaj pleev ib ce raws li antioxidant thiab anti-aging additive.

2. Cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev sib tham

2.1.Phenolic Characterization thiab Quantification

Ib lub hom phiaj tsom xam, raws li LC-MS / MS-MRM (kua chromatography ua ke nrog tandem huab hwm coj spectrometry ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ntau yam tshuaj tiv thaiv kev soj ntsuam hom), tau ua mus tentatively txheeb xyuas cov phenolic tebchaw muaj nyob rau hauv ethanolic extracts ntawm H. roseus txij thaum lub phenolic muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov hom no tseem tsis tau tshaj tawm hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Kaum cuaj phenolic tebchaw yav dhau los tau piav qhia hauv Hibiscus genus tau siv los ua cov qauv (Sab Ntxiv Table S1) los tsim MRM txoj kev, nrog rau kev xaiv cov kev hloov pauv zoo tshaj plaws yog tsim los ntawm kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej ntsuas thiab los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv cov ntaub ntawv [24].

The main classes of compounds detected in H.roseus leaf and flower extracts were chlorogenic, p-coumaric, and trans-ferulic acids derivatives and flavonoid derivatives (Figure 1,Table 1), similarly to the previous phytochemical characterization of other Hibiscus species[25-29]. Although the phenolic profile was quite similar, some qualitative differences were observed between flowers (HF) and leaves (HL)(Figure 1 and Table 1). While leaves showed richness in p-coumaric acid derivatives (Figure 1, blue line, peaks with Rt from 2 to 9 min), flowers were especially rich in flavonoid derivatives such as catechins, dihydrochalcones, and anthocyanins (Figure 1, red line, Rt>9.3 min, Tab 1).

Kaum peb ntawm kaum cuaj lub hom phiaj phenolic tebchaw tau txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb hauv cov khoom rho tawm los ntawm LC-MS / MS hauv MRM hom (Table 1).cistanchMRM yog ib txoj hauv kev muaj zog rau kev txiav txim siab ib txhij ntawm ntau yam khoom, raws li qhov loj-rau-them piv (m / z) ntawm cov molecular ion (((MH) ) thiab nws cov ntxhais ion. thiab rhiab heev ntawm LC-MS/MS tsom xam [30] Cov txheej txheem no txhim khu kev qha thiab tsim nyog rau kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov nroj tsuag extracts thiab lwm yam complex mixs ua rau lub siab tshaj plaws specifications, zoo heev rhiab heev, thiab ib tug huab multiplexing muaj peev xwm ua tsaug rau qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tebchaw muaj. Tib cov niam txiv ions tab sis cov khoom sib txawv [31,32]. Siv cov qauv no, peb tau txais qhov txo qis ntawm chromatographic khiav, siab dua thiab raug muab los ntawm kev sib cais zoo ntawm cov tebchaw kuaj pom nrog tib qhov kev hloov pauv, thaum tsis txhob poob ntawm rhiab heev. nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm sib txawv co-eluting tebchaw los yog rau cov tebchaw tam sim no nyob rau hauv heev tsawg concentration [24,334].

Ntawm 13 phenolic tebchaw tau txheeb xyuas siv cov qauv tseeb (Table Ntxiv S1), kaum tau tshwj xeeb hauv cov paj rho tawm (Daim duab 1 kab liab, Table 1 HF): catechin thiab epicatechin (peaks 16b thiab 23), chlorogenic acid (peak 18), peonidin-3-O-glucoside thiab oenin (peaks 21 thiab 22), trans-ferulic acid (peak 27), peb kaempferol glycoside derivatives (kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol-7-O- glucoside, thiab kaempferol-3-O-glucoside; peaks 30,31b, thiab 32), thiab salidroside (peak 34). Tsis tas li ntawd, phloridzin (peak 33b) tau kuaj pom tsuas yog cov nplooj extracts (Figure1 xiav kab, Table 1 HL), thaum rutin thiab quercetin -3-O-glucoside (peaks 26b thiab 28a) tau txheeb xyuas nyob rau hauv ob hom kev rho tawm (Daim duab 1, Table1HF/HL). Zoo sib xws quercetin derivatives, xws li quercetin -3-O-sambubioside thiab isoquercitrin, yav dhau los tau pom hauv H.sabdariffa [26,29,35,36] thiab hauv H. rosa-sinensis extracts [18]. Qee qhov glycosides no tuaj yeem sib haum rau quercetin derivatives uas peb tau kuaj pom hauv H. roseus. Tsis tas li ntawd, tiliroside kuj tau pom yav dhau los hauv phenolic extracts ntawm H. sabdariffa paj [37,38]. Oenin (malvidin-3-O-glucoside) thiab peonidin-3-O-glucoside, ob lub anthocyanins ntawm no tau txheeb xyuas hauv H. roseus paj thawj zaug, txawv ntawm cov uas tau piav qhia hauv H. sabdariffa paj, delphinidin 3-sambubioside, delphinidin-3-glucoside, thiab cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside [27,35,39,40].Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau hais tias feem ntau tau kawm ntawm cov paj ntawm H. sabdariffa yog lub calyx (sepals), tsis yog cov petals raws li soj ntsuam ntawm no rau H.roseus.

Ntxiv rau qhov sib txuas tau txheeb xyuas thiab lees paub los ntawm lub hom phiaj tseeb stan-dards, lwm 27 lub tebchaw tau muab tso rau hauv H.roseus nplooj thiab paj rho tawm raws li lawv cov MRM (m / z) thiab lawv cov ntxhais ions, yog li xav txog cov khoom tawg tau txais. los ntawm precursor (Table Ntxiv S1).Tshwj xeeb, muaj p-coumaric, trans-ferulic, thiab chlorogenic aacid derivatives, thiab quercetin derivatives, nrog rau phloretin thiab phloridzin derivatives tau pom nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si rho tawm (Table 1).

Qhov ntau npaum ntawm cov phenolics pom nyob rau hauv cov extracts no tau ua los ntawm HPLC-DAD tsom xam (high-performance kua chromatography ua ke rau diode array nrhiav tau; Table 2). Cov ntsiab lus ntawm hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives (THC) yog siab dua nyob rau hauv nplooj tshaj nyob rau hauv paj, thaum ntau dua ntawm flavonoids (TFC) tau pom nyob rau hauv paj tshaj nplooj (p<0.001,table 2).catechin="" derivatives(tcd),dihydrochalcones(tdc),and="" anthocyanins="" (tac)="" were="" quantified="" only="" in="" flower="" extracts(table=""><0.001).therefore, flowers="" represent="" a="" greater="" source="" of="" phenolics="" compared="" to="" leaves="" (tpc,p="0.02," table="" 2).="">cistanche AustraliaZoo ib yam li H. sabdariffa extracts, cov chav kawm loj ntawm cov tebchaw muaj nyob hauv H. roseus nplooj yog chlorogenic thiab p-coumaric acid derivatives nrog rau caffeoylquinic thiab p-coumaroylquinic acids [26,40,41]. Tsis tas li ntawd, anthocyanins tau tshaj tawm tshwj xeeb hauv Hibiscus spp. paj thiab calyxes, ua ke nrog catechins [19,28,35].

Los ntawm qhov sib txawv, ferulic acid thiab nws cov derivatives tsis tau tshaj tawm raws li cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Hibis-cus spp. rho tawm, tab sis lawv yuav yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau lawv cov dej num lom neeg [6,42-44]. Tseeb tiag, ferulic acid derivatives tau los ntawm ntau hom Hibiscus pom cov tshuaj tseem ceeb xws li tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab angiotensin-hloov enzyme inhibitory kev ua ub no [43,44]. Tsis tas li ntawd, ferulic acid tau piav qhia tias yog ib qho active molecule hauv H.mutabilis, H.taivanensis extracts[45,46], thiab hauv H.sabdariffa calyx extracts [28,38].

Hais txog lub peev xwm siv tshuaj pleev ib ce, nws tau raug pov thawj tias ferulic acid inhibits melanin tsim [6,42], thaum p-coumaric acid derivatives muaj depigmen-tation [47,48], anti-inflammatory, thiab tyrosinase inhibition kev ua ub no [49]. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb qhia txog lub luag haujlwm ntxiv ntawm flavonols thiab anthocyanins, uas tuaj yeem ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm daim tawv nqaij, tshwj xeeb yog inhibiting melanogenesis [50,51] thiab los ntawm lawv qhov kev ua raws li kev tiv thaiv kev laus thiab tiv thaiv melanoma [52,53]. Hauv kev tshaj tawm, cov ntaub ntawv muaj peev xwm ntawm H. roseusleaf extracts rau cov kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij kuj tuaj yeem txhim kho los ntawm kev muaj phloridzin, uas tau pom tias yuav txo qis kev qhia ntawm UVB-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines hauv UV-tshuaj tawv nqaij [54].

2.2.Antioxidant Activity Assay

Niaj hnub no, nws tau nthuav dav pom tias kev sib sau ntawm cov pa oxygen reactive (ROS) yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov txheej txheem ntawm cov tawv nqaij laus, ua rau dryness, poob ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg subcutaneous, thiab wrinkles tsim [55,56]. Yog li ntawd, nrhiav tej yam ntuj tso muaj peev xwm antioxidant tebchaw uas yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv cov khoom tu tawv nqaij yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau cosmetic industries.

Peb cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias H. roseus nplooj extracts tau qis dua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antioxidant (qhia raws li ECso qhov tseem ceeb) dua li paj (Table 3). Tseeb, cov kev ua haujlwm antioxidant oflowers extracts tsawg kawg yog ob zaug ntau dua li cov nplooj extracts hauv ob qhov kev ntsuam xyuas (Table 3). Cov txiaj ntsig no pom zoo nrog cov phenolic muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov extracts (Daim duab 1, Cov lus 1 thiab 2), vim HF cov extracts tau nplua nuj nyob rau hauv phenolic compounds (Table 2). Tseeb, kev txheeb xyuas kev sib raug zoo ntawm ECso qhov tseem ceeb thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov chav kawm sib txawv ntawm phenolics pom tias yog qhov tseem ceeb thiab tsis zoo rau txhua qhov sib txuas tshwj tsis yog THC. Xws li, ntau dua ntawm flavonoids, catechins, anthocyanins, dihydrochalcones, thiab tag nrho cov ntsiab lus phenolic pab txhawb kom muaj peev xwm antioxidant ntau dua (qis dua ntawm EC50-Table 4).

Ntawm cov flavonoids, quercetin thiab nws cov derivatives yog cov feem ntau zoo-tsim antioxidant thiab dawb radical scavengers, kuj ua raws li zoo inhibitors ntawm oxidases thiab lipoxygenases [57]. Ntxiv mus, dihydrochalcones, xws li phloretin, kuj tau piav raws li muaj zog antioxidants nyob rau hauv 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-scavenging thiab OH-scavenging assays[58]. Tsis tas li ntawd, anthocyanins cais tawm los ntawm Hibiscus extracts pom tias yog cov tshuaj antioxidant tseem ceeb hauv tib neeg lub hlwb [59].

Extracts ntawm ntau qhov chaw ntawm Hibiscus hom tau pom tias muaj cov kab mob antioxidant siab [18,21,27,35,40]. Ib feem ntawm ethanolic extracts ntawm H. sabdariffa qhia tau hais tias tsawg heev EC50 qhov tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv antioxidant kev soj ntsuam, uas yog correlated rau cov ntsiab lus siab nyob rau hauv protocatechuic acid [21,59], chlorogenic acid, flavonoids, thiab anthocyanins [24,60]. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm H. esculentus tau qhia txog cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv vitro ntawm quercetin derivatives thiab catechins tam sim no hauv nws cov extracts [61]. Thaum kawg, hauv H.acetosella, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antioxidant tau cuam tshuam nrog cov ntsiab lus anthocyanins [62].

Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm peb txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm H. roseus ethanolic extracts tau pom tias muaj kev ua haujlwm antioxidant uas yog ib puas npaug siab dua li cov uas tau tshaj tawm rau aqueous extracts ntawm H. sabdariffl calyx, uas EC nyob ze rau 45 mg mL- hauv ib qho zoo sib xws DPPH hauv vitro. qauv [56]Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv qhov sib txawv ntawm peb qhov kev tshawb pom, tag nrho cov ntsiab lus flavonoid thiab antioxidant muaj peev xwm ntawm H. sabdariffa nplooj rho tawm tau siab dua cov paj [63,64]. 2.3.In Vitro Sun Protection Factor (SPF)

Cov hluav taws xob ultraviolet yog ib qho teeb meem ntawm ib puag ncig uas cuam tshuam rau kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm daim tawv nqaij, ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov tawv nqaij laus ua rau [65,6] tsis tu ncua raug rau ultraviolet hluav taws xob ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm pigmentation teeb meem thiab kev yees duab ntawm daim tawv nqaij [67]. Qhov no feem ntau yog vim qhov nce ntawm ROS theem, uas ua rau kev txhawb nqa ntawm collagenase ntau lawm thiab ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov tawv nqaij ntawm tes [56]. Yog li ntawd, UV-tiv thaiv cov khoom xyaw, suav nrog cov muaj nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag extracts, yog dav siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj pleev ib ce kom tsis txhob muaj kev nkag mus ntawm ultraviolet hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij tab sis kuj tiv thaiv ROS ntau lawm los ntawm kev ua raws li antioxidants [56,

Ib txoj hauv kev yooj yim los txheeb xyuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom sib txawv raws li UV cov ntxaij lim dej yog qhov ntsuas tiv thaiv hnub ci (SPF), uas yog qhov nrawm thiab txhim khu kev qha hauv vitro raws li kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm qhov nqus dej hauv thaj tsam UV-B spectral (nruab nrab ntawm 290 thiab 320 nm), tau txais txiaj ntsig nyob rau theem pib ntawm kev xaiv cov khoom siv tiv thaiv photoprotection [69].

Cov ntsiab lus phenolic siab thiab antioxidant kev ua haujlwm ntawm H.cov txiaj ntsig cistancheroseus extracts suggest that they may have also an UV absorbing activity. Both leaf and flower extracts of H. roseus at 0.1 mgmL-1 showed comparable SPF results (p>{{0}} 05): 2.6 ± 0.15 rau HL thiab 2.4 ± 0.19 rau HF. Cov txiaj ntsig no tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo txij li cov qauv tshuaj pleev thaiv hnub qauv uas muaj 8 feem pua ​​​​homosalate (cov tshuaj pleev thaiv hnub siv dav dav) pom tias muaj nqi SPF ntawm 4 [69,70]. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom ntawm no rau H.roseus zoo ib yam li cov pom rau lwm hom nroj tsuag [68,69,71,72] thiab tseem ceeb rau kev txiav txim siab qis qis ntawm cov extracts siv los ntsuas cov nyhuv no.

Cov Extracts ntawm H. rosa-Sinensis twb tau pom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tiv thaiv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob puas tsuaj hauv cov tawv nqaij nas los ntawm kev tiv thaiv antioxidant [73]. Cov khoom ntuj nthuav tawm SPF ua ke nrog cov muaj peev xwm antioxidant siab thiab inhibition ntawm collagenase thiab elastase yog cov neeg sib tw tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau siv los tiv thaiv daim tawv nqaij los ntawm photodamage thiab tiv thaiv cov tsos ntawm wrinkles [66,71].Qhov tseeb, lub koom haum ntawm kev pom zoo hnub qub. cov ntxaij lim dej thiab cov derivatives ntawm tej yam ntuj tso los sawv cev rau ib tug qauv nyob rau hauv lub cosmetic kev lag luam, txij li thaum cov neeg tau txais kev pab pom tau hais tias cov khoom no muaj kev nyab xeeb dua, vim muaj kev phiv los ntawm hluavtaws UVfilters[72].

Cov ntsiab lus siab dua ntawm tag nrho cov phenolic tebchaw ntawm HF extracts (TPC; Table 2) tuaj yeem qhia lawv cov haujlwm siab dua UV absorbing. Txawm li cas los xij, ob qho tib si nplooj thiab paj rho tawm tau pom cov txiaj ntsig zoo sib xws, qhia tias ntau dua li tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm phenolics, phenolic profile ntawm cov extracts yuav cuam tshuam rau kev tiv thaiv UV.Tshwj xeeb, cov ntsiab lus siab dua ntawm hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives hauv HL ( Table 2) tej zaum yuav ua rau kom lawv tus nqi SPF nce ntxiv, vim cov tebchaw no muaj UV nqus ib ncig ntawm 300-320 nm [74] uas yog li ntawd nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam UV-B. Conversely, flavonoids thiab anthocyanins, feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv paj rho tawm, muaj ib tug dav spectrum ntawm absorbance nyob rau hauv uas tsawg kawg yog ob bands tam sim no, nrog lub loj band nyob rau hauv los yog ze rau qhov pom ntau yam, nyob ib ncig ntawm 350 nm rau flavonols thiab 505-550 nm rau anthocyanins [53,69]. Tseeb, hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives yog tsim los ntawm cov nroj tsuag, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau lawv tiv thaiv UV hluav taws xob [75]. Yog li, cov hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives tuaj yeem pab txhawb kev nqus ntawm UV-B los ntawm tib neeg daim tawv nqaij [6]. Txawm li cas los xij, xav txog qhov muaj cov anthocyanins thiab flavonoids uas npog ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kev nqus ntawm qhov nqus, nrog rau UV-A thiab cov cheeb tsam pom, H. roseus paj extracts yuav tau cog lus rau kev soj ntsuam ntxiv thiab kev txhim kho cov khoom siv tshuaj pleev ib ce. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev ua haujlwm antioxidant ntau dua tau pom rau HF (Table 3) tuaj yeem txhim kho lub hnub tiv thaiv cov teebmeem hauv kev ua tau zoo ntxiv [69].

2.4.Collagenase Inhibition Activity

Both H.roseus extracts showed high collagenase inhibitory activity (>80%)at0.25mg mL-1, which is comparable to that of the synthetic inhibitor 1,10-phenanthroline 1M (Figure 2). The IC50 value of both extracts were very similar( >{{0}}. rho tawm =0.13±0.01 mg mL-1, txawm tias lawv qhov sib txawv ntawm phenolic muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov ntsiab lus (Table 1 thiab 2). Qhov no tuaj yeem yog vim muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm phenolics thiab collagenase, uas tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem inhibition. Tsis tas li ntawd, lwm cov tshuaj muaj peev xwm muaj nyob rau hauv H. roseus extracts thiab tsis tau txheeb xyuas ntawm no tuaj yeem koom nrog kev ua haujlwm los tiv thaiv collagenase, suav nrog vitamin E thiab ascorbic acid [71,7]. Tsis tas li ntawd, ob qhov kev sim cov qauv sib txuas, chlorogenic acid, thiab quercetin, uas nws cov derivatives muaj nyob rau hauv H. roseus nplooj thiab paj rho tawm (Table 1), nthuav tawm cov collagenase siab heev, nrog ICso qhov tseem ceeb ntawm 5.8 ± 0.5 thiab 5.6 ± 0.7ug mL. -l raws. Yog li, cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm rau kev ua haujlwm tiv thaiv collagenase. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom pom tias cov chav kawm sib txawv ntawm phenolics, uas tseem muaj nyob rau hauv peb cov nroj tsuag extracts, twb tau qhia anti-aging kev ua los ntawm inhibition ntawm collagen degradation thiab pab rau daim tawv nqaij humidification [78]. Piv txwv li, ferulic acid thiab nws cov derivatives tau raug pov thawj los moisturize ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab txhawb lub synthesis ntawm collagen fibers, siv nyob rau hauv tshuaj pleev ib ce xws li anti-wrinkle cream [6]. Tsis tas li ntawd, flavonols, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog quercetin derivatives, yog cov muaj zog inhibitors ntawm collagenase enzyme [79].

Peb cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm H. roseus extracts tiv thaiv kev degradation ntawm collagen, uas yog ib qho ntawm cov proteins loj tshaj lub luag haujlwm rau kev poob ntawm daim tawv nqaij elasticity thiab kev ncaj ncees thiab tsim ntawm wrinkles [80,81]. Lub collagenase enzyme inhibits kev tuav ntawm daim tawv nqaij elasticity thiab tensile lub zog [82]. Qhov tseeb, cov kev tshawb fawb sib txawv tau pom qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj antioxidants ntuj vim lawv qhov ua tau zoo hauv kev ncua kev laus ntxov ntxov los ntawm inhibition ntawm collagenase kev ua haujlwm [78,83].

Cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los ntsuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm Hibiscus hom nyob rau hauv stimulation ntawm collagen ntau lawm thiab nyob rau hauv inhibition ntawm collagenase kev ua si tau ua [56,84,85]. Cov kev ua ntawm collagenase inhibition ntawm H. sabdariffa aqueous extracts tau tsis ntev los no tau piav qhia hauv cov ntaub ntawv [56]. Zoo ib yam li peb qhov kev tshawb pom, cov kws sau ntawv tsis tau soj ntsuam qhov cuam tshuam ntawm collagenase inhibition ntawm qhov tsis tshua muaj siab ntawm cov extracts, tab sis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov concentrations siab [56]. Hauv kev tshawb fawb sib txawv, ICso tus nqi hauv collagenase inhibition ntawm H. sabdariffin ethanolic extracts yog 0.75±0.04 mg mL-1[65], uas yog ib qho kev ua haujlwm uas yog yuav luag rau lub sij hawm qis dua cov uas tau piav qhia ntawm no rau H. roseus.

3. Cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem

3.1.Cov khoom siv cog

Kaum Hibiscus roseus Thore nroj tsuag, yuav los ntawm kev lag luam chaw zov me nyuam hauv Florence (Ltalis), tau cog rau hauv 10- litre pots uas muaj cov av xuab zeb (xuab zeb / peat, 60: 40, v / v) thiab khaws cia hauv tsev cog khoom ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Liaj Ua Teb, Khoom Noj, Ib puag ncig thiab Hav Zoov (DAGRI) — University of Florence (UNIFD, Sesto Fiorentino (Ltalis,43949/N,1137/E). Los ntawm kaum qhov sib txawv ntawm cov nroj tsuag no, ob-pooled nplooj thiab paj tau sau thaum kawg ntawm lub Xya hli ntuj thaum lub sij hawm flowering lub sij hawm thiab tam sim ntawd khaws cia ntawm -80 degree mus txog rau thaum lub extraction. 3.2.Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction

Lyophilized cov qauv (900 mg) ntawm H.roseus paj (HF) thiab nplooj (HL) tau hauv av hauv cov kua nitrogen thiab muab rho tawm nrog 3 × 15.0 mL ethanol 75 feem pua ​​(pH2.5 kho nrog HCOOH) los ntawm ib qho Ultrasound-pab extraction (UAE). Lub UAE tau ua nyob rau hauv ib tug ultrasonic da dej (BioClass @ CP104) siv ib tug tas li zaus ntawm 39kHz thiab ib tug input zog ntawm 100 W, rau 30 min, ntawm 5 degree. Tom qab centrifugation (5 min, 9000 rpm, 5 degree; ALC@4239R, Milan, Ltalis), cov supernatants tau muab faib nrog 3 × 15mL ntawm n-hexane kom tshem tawm cov lipophilic tebchaw uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog kev tshuaj xyuas. Cov theem ethanolic raug txo kom qhuav, hnyav ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas digital (Precisa [125A), thiab cov seem tau rov ua dua nrog cov tshuaj methanol / dej acidified (1: 1 v / v, pH 2.5 kho nrog HCOOH). Cov txheej txheem extraction tau ua nyob rau hauv triplicate.

3.3.LC-MS Kev Ntsuam Xyuas: Phenolic Profile ntawm cov Extracts

Kev soj ntsuam LC-MS tau ua los ntawm ABSciex API3000 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (AB Sciex LC, Framingham, MA, USA) ua ke nrog Agilent 1100 HPLC system nrog binary twj thiab autosampler (Agilent Technologies, Inc, Santa Clara, CA, USA ). Tau txais thiab txo cov ntaub ntawv tau ua los ntawm Analyst 1.6.2 software (AB Sciex LLC, Framingham, MA, USA).

Kev sib cais HPLC tau ua tiav ntawm Agilent Phenyl Column (3 × 10 mm; 2.7 um), thiab cov eluents yog (A) acidified dej (ntawm pH2.5 kho nrog HCOOH) thiab (B) acetonitrile / dej (90/10, ntawm pH2.5 kho nrog HCOOH).A gradient solvent system tau siv raws li nram no: 0-3 min,5 feem pua ​​B;3-18 min,5-40 feem pua ​​B; 18-28 min, 40 feem pua ​​B;28-38min, 40-80 feem pua ​​B; 38-43min, 80 feem pua ​​B,43-45min, 80-5 feem pua ​​B, ntawm tus nqi ntws ntawm 0.4mLmin -l.Qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam MS tau ua raws li cov kev sim hauv qab no: Atmospheric Pressure Tshuaj Ionization (APCI) siv lub rhuab nebulizer interface; Koob tam sim no (NC), -5 μA; Nebulizer Gas (cua), 10 (arbitrary units); Pab Gas (cua), 3L min-l; Pab Cua Kub Kub (TEM), 550 degree; Curtain Gas (CUR, nitrogen), 6 (arbitrary units); Kev sib tsoo Gas (CAD, Nitrogen), 9 (arbitrary units, sib xws rau 2.6 × 10 ~ Torr kev sib tsoo ntawm tes).

Kev txheeb xyuas qhov sib txawv ntawm cov phenolic Cheebtsam tau ua los ntawm kev siv lub hom phiaj, siv ntau txoj kev tshuaj xyuas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv (MRM), optimized nrog cov qauv rau 19 lub hom phiaj sib txuas (xaiv raws li cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los ntawm polyphenolic muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm Hibiscus spp.[25,35] ): ob flavan-3-ols(catechin thiab epicatechin), xya flavonols (quercetagetin-7-O-glucoside, rutin, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, kaempferol-3-O. rutinoside , kaempferol-7-O-glucoside, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, thiab quercetin), ib cinnamate ester (chlorogenic acid), ob hydroxycinnamic acids (p-coumaric thiab trans-ferulic acids), ob dihydrochalcones ( phloridzin thiab phloretin), ib oxyflavone (salidroside), thiab plaub anthocyanins (myrtillin, kuromanin, peonidin-3-O-glucoside, thiab oenin). Lub sijhawm khaws cia thiab cov kev hloov pauv ntawm MRM cov txheeb ze (quantifier thiab qualifier) ​​tau tshaj tawm hauv Cov Lus Ntxiv S1. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntxiv tau raug sug; sim siv txoj hauv kev tsis sib haum xeeb, tshuaj xyuas lub quadrupole ntawm m / z 100 txog 100 Da.

3.4.HPLC-DAD Analysis: Quantification of Phenolics

HPLC-DAD tsom xam tau ua kom muaj nuj nqis ntawm cov chav kawm sib txawv ntawm phenolics (hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, catechins, dihydrochalcones, flavonoids, thiab anthocyanins) hauv cov khoom rho tawm. quaternary 200Q/410 twj tso kua mis thiab LC 200 diode array detector (DAD) (tag nrho los ntawm Perkin Elmer", Bradford, CT, USA). .

Cov chromatograms tau txais ntawm 280, 330,350, thiab ntawm 520 nm (rau qhov kom muaj nuj nqis ntawm anthocyanins). Kev txheeb xyuas thiab ntsuas cov phenolic tebchaw tau ua raws li lub sijhawm khaws cia, UV spectral yam ntxwv, thiab kev sib piv nrog cov qauv, nrog rau raws li cov ntaub ntawv cov ntaub ntawv [25] thiab hauv LC-MS tsom xam yav dhau los. Tsib-point calibration curves nrog cov qauv sib txawv (chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric, rutin, epicatechin, naringin, thiab peonidin -3-O-glucoside, tag nrho los ntawm Sigma-Aldrich"-Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Lub teb chaws Yelemees) Yog tias tsis muaj cov qauv coj mus muag, qhov ntsuas tau ua los ntawm cov qauv calibration ntawm tib phenolic cov qauv, muab cov ntsiab lus kwv yees. ntawm kev txiav txim siab (R4), siab dua 0.99 rau tag nrho cov qauv.

Tag nrho cov extracts tau txheeb xyuas hauv triplicate thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm phenolics tau muab rau hauv mg gl ntawm qhov hnyav qhuav (mg gl DW), qhia tias tag nrho cov hydroxy cinnamic acid derivatives cov ntsiab lus (THC), tag nrho cov ntsiab lus flavonoids (TFC), tag nrho cov catechin derivatives. cov ntsiab lus (TCD), tag nrho cov ntsiab lus dihydrochalcones (IDC), tag nrho cov ntsiab lus anthocyanins (TAC), thiab tag nrho cov ntsiab lus phenolic (TPC), uas tau kwv yees raws li qhov sib npaug ntawm tus neeg txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus ntawm txhua chav kawm.

3.5.Antioxidant Activity Assay

Kev ntsuam xyuas kev ua haujlwm antioxidant tau ua los ntawm ob txoj kev sib txawv: DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl) thiab Hydroxyl Radical (OH)-Scavenging (HRS) assays.

Tus txheej txheem ntawm Khandi thiab Charles [{{0}}] tau thov rau DPPH kev xeem. Luv luv, diluted cov qauv ntawm cov extracts (0.5 mL) tau ntxiv rau 0.5 mL ntawm DPPH tov (0.1 mM hauv methanol; Sigma-Aldrich@, St. Louis, MI, TEB CHAWS USA), thiab cov sib tov tau tso rau hauv qhov chaw sov li 40 min hauv qhov tsaus ntuj. Lub sij hawm no (40 min) tau txhais raws li kev soj ntsuam kinetic cov txiaj ntsig ntawm txhua qhov extract thiab cov qauv chlorogenic acid thiab rutin. Tom qab lub sijhawm tshuaj tiv thaiv, qhov nqus tau ntsuas ntawm 518 nm siv PerkinElmer§ Lambda 25UV / VIS spectrophotometer. Cov absorbencies ntawm qhov khoob (0.5 mL methanol thiab 0.5 mL cov qauv) thiab cov kev tswj tsis zoo (0.5 mL methanol thiab 0.5 mL DPPH kua) kuj tau soj ntsuam. Tag nrho cov kev ntsuam xyuas tau ua nyob rau hauv triplicate. Qhov feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antioxidant raug xam raws li hauv qab no (1).

4. Cov lus xaus

Secondary metabolites yog cov khoom xyaw uas muaj peev xwm ua rau cov tshuaj pleev ib ce tshiab. Ntawm cov no, phenolic tebchaw muab rho tawm los ntawm cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob antioxidant thiab tiv thaiv kev laus, ua haujlwm zoo hauv inhibition ntawm dermal enzymes (xws li, collagenase) thiab UV nqus. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv-nrhiav cov nroj tsuag rho tawm, xws li cov H. roseus, tuaj yeem sawv cev qhov chaw uas tsis tau nthuav tawm ntawm bioactive molecules.

Peb pom tau hais tias cov nplooj thiab paj ntawm H.roseus yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives thiab flavonoids, nrog paj muaj ntau dua ntawm kaempferol glycosides, catechins, dihydrochalcones, thiab anthocyanins, tag nrho cov tebchaw no tseem tsis tau piav nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv rau hom no. . Qhov muaj peev xwm antioxidant zoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov paj rho tawm, ua ke nrog kev tiv thaiv lub hnub thiab kev tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov nplooj thiab paj extracts, taw qhia qhov kev cog lus ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj tsis zoo no hauv daim ntawv thov kev tu tawv nqaij. Hauv kev xaus, peb cov txiaj ntsig tau pom lub peev xwm ntawm H. roseus paj thiab nplooj raws li qhov chaw ntawm phenolics nrog rau cov kev ua ntawm lawv cov extracts raws li kev tiv thaiv kev laus uas yuav siv los ua cov khoom xyaw rau cov khoom ua kom zoo nkauj.

Kab lus no yog muab rho tawm los ntawm Nroj Tsuag 2021, 10, 522. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10030522 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/plants