Ntu Ⅰ: Herba Cistanche (Rou Cong Rong): Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Ntawm Nws Phytochemistry Thiab Pharmacology

Hu rau: Audrey Hu Whatsapp / hp: 0086 13880143964 Email:audrey.hu@wecistanche.com

Huibo Lei, Xinyu Wang, Yuhao Zhang, Taofang Cheng, Rui Mi, Xike Xu, Xianpeng Zu, thiab Weidong Zhan

Abstract:

Herba Cistanche, hu ua Rou Cong Rong nyob rau hauv Suav, yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev tshuaj ntsuab tshuaj ntsuab uas tau sau tseg nyob rau hauv Suav Pharmacopoeia. Rou Cong Rong tau siv dav hauv kev kho mob hauv cov tshuaj ntsuab tshuaj ntsuab thiab kuj tau siv los ua zaub mov noj rau lub sijhawm ntev hauv cov tebchaws Esxias xws li Tuam Tshoj thiab Nyiv. Muaj ntau cov tshuaj bioactive hauv Rou Cong Rong, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog phenylethanoid glycosides. Tsab ntawv xov xwm no nthuav tawm cov ntaub ntawv tshiab hais txog phytochemistry, kws tshuaj, kev ua haujlwm, tshuaj lom neeg, thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm Rou Cong Rong los nthuav qhia nws cov tshuaj pharmacodynamic thiab cov teebmeem kev kho mob, uas tuaj yeem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau nws siv hauv kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej.

Herba Cistanche

Taw qhia

Herba CistancheMuaj 22 hom tsiaj thoob plaws ntiaj teb thiab muab faib ua feem ntau hauv cov av qhuav thiab txawm tias cov suab puam thoob plaws Eurasia thiab North Africa, xws li hauv Suav teb, Nyiv, Iran, Is Nrias teb, thiab Mongolia.1) Ntawm tag nrho cov nroj tsuag no, plaub hom tseem ceeb thiab ntau yam. hom muaj nyob rau hauv Suav teb raws li Taxonomical Index ntawm Suav Higher Plants; Tag nrho cov tsiaj no hu ua Rou Cong Rong hauv Suav.2) Cov tsiaj no suav nrog Cistanche deserticola Y.Cistanche Ma, Cistanche tubulosa (Schenk)R. Wight, Cistanche Sinensis G. Beck, Cistanche salsa (CistancheA. Mey.) G. Beck, thiab Cistanche salsa var. albiflora PF Tu et Z.Cistanche Lou.3) Cov nplooj qhuav succulent ntawm genus Cistanche Hofmg. Et Link belongs rau Orobanchaceae tsev neeg.4) Ntawm cov plaub Cistanche cov nroj tsuag no, tsuas yog Cistanche deserticola thiab Cistanche tubulosa tau raug lees paub raws li cov nroj tsuag hauv Suav Pharmacopoeia (2015 tsab), txawm hais tias Cistanche salsa thiab Cistanche Sinensis feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam. Ningxia thiab Xinjiang vim lawv cov tshuaj zoo kawg nkaus thiab qhov tsis txaus ntawm Cistanche deserticola thiab Cistanche tubulosa. Raws li rau cov Japanese Pharmacopoeia, cov qhuav stems ntawm Cistanche salsa, Cistanche deserticola, thiab Cistanche tubulosa tau tso cai raws li ib tug crude tshuaj "Nikujuyou." 5) Tsis tas li ntawd, peb hom xws li Cistanche tubulosa, uas feem ntau faib nyob rau hauv Central Sahara (Tassili N' Ajjer); Cistanche tincture, uas yog lub npe hu ua denouncing kho mob ntshav qab zib, raws plab, thiab mob plab nyob rau hauv lub Saharo-Mediterranean cheeb tsam, Cistanche kev nruj kev tsiv, uas yog ib tug holoparasitic nroj tsuag ntawm Chenopodiaceae thiab Limoniastrum nyob rau hauv Northern Africa yog tus sawv cev Cistanche nyob rau hauv Algerian Sahara.6 ) Cistanche tau sau thawj zaug hauv Shen Nong's Herbal Classic thiab tau muaj keeb kwm kho mob ntev heev hauv Suav teb.7) Cistanche tubulosa (Kanka-nikujuyou hauv Nyij Pooj) ib txwm siv los txhawb cov ntshav ncig.8) Hauv Kaus Lim Kauslim, Cistanche kuj muaj cov Cov tshuaj keeb kwm ntev thiab Cistanche salsa tau tshaj tawm tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev kho mob ntawm kev sib deev tsis muaj zog hauv phau ntawv tshuaj Kauslim hu ua DonguiBogam.9) Tam sim no, nws feem ntau siv los kho cov kab mob raum, poj niam tsis muaj menyuam, mob leucorrhea, profuse metrorrhagia. , thiab cem quav rau cov neeg laus.10) Nws kuj tau siv txij thaum ub los ua tshuaj ntsuab los kho lub raum tsis zoo.11) Ntawm cov tonics hauv Cov tshuaj suav tshuaj suav tshuaj (TCM), cov tshuaj no tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws thiab tau txais kev qhuas raws li "Ginseng ntawm cov suab puam." Dhau li ntawm kev siv zoo tshaj plaws hauv Suav teb, Herba Cistanche kuj tseem siv los ua zaub mov noj qab haus huv hauv Nyij Pooj thiab Sab Qab Teb Asia, thiab cov kws tshawb fawb hauv ntau lub tebchaws xws li Nyiv, Kaus Lim Kauslim, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Lavxias, Australia, Greece, Algérie, thiab Ltalis tau ua ntau yam. Cov kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub no ntawm cov nroj tsuag no txij li xyoo 1980s.12) Kev tshawb fawb tshuaj tau qhia tias phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs), iridoids, lignans, thiab polysaccharides yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov tsiaj no, 13,14) thiab Herba Cistanche extracts tau raug pov thawj los. ntau yam kev ua haujlwm tshuaj uas suav nrog kev txhim kho lub raum mob thiab cem quav rau cov neeg laus, nce kev kawm lossis kev nco txog, kho Alzheimer's disease (AD), thiab txhim kho kev tiv thaiv los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Daim ntawv no tsuas yog hloov kho cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob ntawm cov khoom siv phytochemical, kev ua haujlwm tshuaj, thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm Cistanches Herba los muab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho cov tshuaj cog qoob loo thiab tshuaj suav tshuaj los ntawm cov nroj tsuag tshuaj no.

Herba Cistanche

Phytochemistry

Raws li oriental medicinal tonic nyob rau hauv Nyiv,C. salsatau raug tshaj tawm tias muaj cov khoom sib xws, xws li monoterpene glucoside, iridoid glucoside, phenylpropanoid glycoside, thiab lignan glycoside thaum ntxov xyoo 1983-1986 los ntawm Kobayashi, uas tej zaum yuav yog qhov kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub ntxov tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg.Cistanche. Txog tam sim no, 213 lub tebchaw, suav nrog PhGs, benzyl glycosides, phenylacetate oligosugars, iridoids, monoterpenoids, lignans, sterols, alkaloids, polysaccharides, thiab lwm yam, tau txais los ntawmCistanchenroj tsuag. Ntawm lawv, PhGs suav txog qhov loj tshaj plaws piv rau lwm hom kev sib txuas. Cov qauv tshuaj uas tau tshaj tawm yav dhau los los ntawmCistanchecov nroj tsuag tau qhia hauv Fig. 1–9.

PhGs

PhGs tau raug xav tias yog cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv covCistanchehom. Lawv yog ib hom phenolic compound uas yog a -glucopyranoside qauv bearing ib hydroxy phenylethyl moiety li aglycone. Cov tshuaj no feem ntau suav nrog ntau pawg acyl, xws li cinnamic acid,p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, thiab yog ferulic acid, thiab ntau cov suab thaj, xws li rhamnose thiab xylose, uas txuas rau cov piam thaj residue los ntawm ester lossis glycosidic linkages, feem. Hauv ob peb xyoos dhau los, 85 PhGs suav nrog 6 monosaccharide glycosides, 52 disaccharide glycosides, thiab 27 trisaccharide glycosides (Table 1) tau tshaj tawm hauvCistanchenroj tsuag. Cov qauv ntawm PhG compounds tau nthuav tawm hauv daim duab 1. Feem ntau, monosaccharide glycosides tsuas muaj ib qho glucosyl txuas ntawm C-8 txoj hauj lwm ntawm phenylethanoid. Cov disaccharide glycosides feem ntau muaj Rha (1 → 3) Glc txuas. Hauv trisaccharide glycosides, muaj lwm cov piam thaj lossis rhamnose ntawm C-6 txoj haujlwm ntawm cov piam thaj hauv qab.

cistanche extract

BenzylGlycosides

Leiua al.tau plaub benzyl glycosides los ntawmC. salsarau thawj zaug hauv 2007.⁴⁷⁾Tom qab ntawd, hauv 2013, lwm peb benzyl glycosides raug cais thiab txheeb xyuas los ntawmC. deserticola.⁴⁴⁾Cov qauv ntawm benzyl glycosides zoo ib yam li cov PhGs. Cov glucosyl feem ntau txuas ncaj qha mus rau benzyl cawv aglycone, thiab pawg coumaroyl lossis cafeoyl feem ntau nyob ntawm glucosyl C-4 lossis C-6 txoj haujlwm (Fig. 2; Table 2).

Phenylacylated Oligosugars

Txog rau hnub tim, cuaj phenyl-acylated oligosugars tau txais los ntawm genusCistanche(Fig. 3; Table 3). Hauv cov phenylacetate oligosugars, cov piam thaj moiety muaj cov piam thaj thiab rhamnose txuas los ntawm Rha (1 → 3) Glc linkage, thiab feem ntau yog ib pawg coumaroyl lossis caféoyl txuas ntawm glucosyl C-4 txoj haujlwm. Qee lub sij hawm, ib qho ntxiv glucosyl moiety txuas rau ntawm txoj haujlwm glucosyl C-6.

Iridoids

Iridoids yog ib hom monoterpenoid tsim los ntawm ib tug 10-carbon skeleton ntawm isoprene tsev units nrog ib tug cyclopentanopyran nplhaib system. Thaum lub sij hawm tus qauv txheeb xyuas thiab elucidation kev tshawb fawb ntawm iridoid constituents los ntawm lubCistanchehom, 4 iridoid aglycones thiab 23 iridoid glycosides raug cais tawm (Table 4; Fig. 4). Lawv cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem sau tau raws li hauv qab no. Ib qho glucosyl feem ntau txuas ntawm aglycone C-1 txoj haujlwm, carboxyl feem ntau txuas ntawm aglycone C-4 txoj haujlwm thiab H-5 thiab H-9 yog - taw qhia. Hydrogenation tshwm sim ntawm C-3 thiab C-4 whereas hydroxylation feem ntau tshwm sim ntawm C-6, C-7, C-8, thiab C-10 .

Qee zaum, lub cev qhuav dej yuav tshwm sim ntawm C-10 hydroxyl thiab ntawm C-1 lossis C-3 los ua ib qho epoxy substructure.

Monoterpenoids

Txog niaj hnub no, 14 monoterpenoids tau raug cais tawm los ntawmCistanchecov nroj tsuag, ntawm cov uas 4 yog monoterpenes thiab 10 belongs rau monoterpene glycosides (Table 5; Fig. 5). Lawv cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv tuaj yeem raug sau tseg raws li hauv qab no: ib qho methyl feem ntau txuas ntawm aglycone C-2 lossis C-6 txoj haujlwm thiab ob daim ntawv cog lus tshwm sim ntawm C-2 thiab C-3 . Cov haujlwm nruab nrab ntawm C-6 thiab C-7 lossis nruab nrab ntawm C-7 thiab C{11}} kuj feem ntau muaj ob daim ntawv cog lus. Hydroxyl lossis carboxyl pawg feem ntau txuas ntawm C-1 txoj haujlwm thiab hydroxyl feem ntau txuas ntawm C-8 hauv monoterpenes. Monoterpene glycosides yog tag nrho cov monoglycosides uas tsuas muaj ib qho glucosyl txuas ntawm aglycone C-1 lossis C-8 txoj haujlwm.

Lignans

Txog tam sim no, muaj 2 lignans agly-cones thiab 15 lignan glycosides purified los ntawmCistanchenroj tsuag (Table 6; Fig. 6).

Sterols

Sterols kuj tsis tshua muaj nyob rau hauvCistanchecov nroj tsuag, thiab tsuas yog tsib lub tebchaw tau tshaj tawm hauv cov genus no (Table 7). Cov qauv ntawm cov sterol compounds tau nthuav tawm hauv daim duab 7.

Alkaloids

Cistanchecov nroj tsuag kuj muaj alkaloids, thiab kwv yees li 19 lub tebchaw tau pom thiab elucidated (Fig. 8; Table 8).

Lwm Hom Tshuaj

Qee lwm cov tebchaw, xws li phenolic glycosides, flavonoids, thiab ntev-chain fatty acid derivatives, tau raug cais los ntawmCistanchenroj tsuag (Table 9; Fig. 9). Ib feem ntau ntawm polysaccharides kuj tau tshaj tawm hauvCistanchehom.⁷⁵⁾Ntau cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias cov polysaccharides raug suav hais tias yog cov khoom muaj zog los txhawb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab qhia txog kev tiv thaiv kev laus thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv Herba.Cistanche.^76–78)

Pharmacology

CistanchesHerba muaj dav siv tshuaj raws li hom TCM. Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb tau tshawb xyuas nws cov tshuaj pharmacological hauv cov ntaub ntawv ib txwm muaj thiab tau lees paub nws cov peev txheej kho mob hauv cov txheej txheem niaj hnub no. Kev tshawb fawb txog kev ua haujlwm lom neeg tau pom tiasCistanchesHerba nthuav tawm ntau yam ntawm cov tshuaj siv tshuaj xws li tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidation, antisenile dementia, anti-Parkinson's kab mob, immunoregulation, antiaging, hepatoprotection, thiab anti myocardial ischemia cov txiaj ntsig, uas feem ntau yuav raug ntaus nqi rau nws cov khoom siv bioactive, suav nrog PhGs, polysaccharides thiab lwm yam. Raws li qhov tseem ceeb active Cheebtsam nyob rau hauvCistanchenroj tsuag, Cheebtsam2 thiab11 tau raug xaiv los ua cov khoom siv rau kev tswj xyuas zoo hauv Suav Pharmocopoeia. Thiab nws tau teev tseg tias tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm ob lub tebchaw no yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg dua 0.30 thiab 1.5 feem pua ​​​​hauvC. deserticola, C. tubulosa, feem, uas yuav qhia tau qhov txawv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj raws li PhGs.⁸⁶⁾Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau soj ntsuam qhov zoo ntawmCistanchetshuaj ntsuab tsuas yog raws li ob lub ntsiab lus PhGs vim lawv tsis tuaj yeem sawv cev rau lwm cov khoom xyaw PhGs. Txog rau tam sim no, kaum ob ntawm bioactive PhGs tau siv los ua cov khoom siv rau kev soj ntsuam zoo ntawmCistanchetshuaj ntsuab txawm tias lawv cov formulations sib raug.⁸⁷⁾Ib txoj kev ntawm RPLC- hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC)-MS/MS rau 23 analytes, suav nrog peb cov organic acids, plaub nucleo-sab, ob qab zib, ib amino acids, ib benzylglucoside, ob lignans, xya PhGs, thiab peb iridoids, tau ua nyob rau hauvC. tubulosalos ntawm Yanua al.Hauv xyoo 2017, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias 23 cov khoom lag luam nthuav tawm cov ntsiab lus dav dav thiab qhov txawv txav tsis zoo ntawm 20 pawg ntawmC. tubulosa, uas compounds2, 11, thiab202 muaj ntau nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus, whereas ferulic acid qhia ib txoj kab kev faib tawm hauv 20 pawg.⁸⁸⁾Xyoo 2018, Dongua al.tau ua qhov sib piv ntawm xya PhGs suav nrog cov tebchaw1, 2, 3, 5, 11, 12, thiab67 nruab nrabC. deserticolathiabC. tubulosalos ntawm tsuas yog ib tus cim uas siv ib txoj kev xam tshiab ntawm tus txheeb ze kho qhov tseem ceeb. Cov txiaj ntsig kev soj ntsuam tau pom tias cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm 7 PhGs no txawv heev.⁸⁹⁾Xyoo 2019, Zhangua al.⁹⁰⁾txheeb xyuas qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm tag nrho PhGs, tag nrho cov polysaccharides, thiab plaub PhGs cov ntsiab lus hauv cov khoom nyoos ntawmC. deserticolathiab nws cov khoom ua tiav los ntawm kev siv UV spectrophotometric method, phenol-sulfuric acid method, thiab HPLC method, feem. Cov txiaj ntsig tau nthuav tawm tias kev ua tiavC. deserticolamuaj ntau dua ntawm tag nrho cov polysaccharides, tag nrho PhGs, compounds12 thiab14 dua li rawC. deserticola, thaum cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tebchaw1 thiab2 txo qis tom qab ua tiav. Tsis tas li ntawd, tseem muaj ntau lwm yam kev tshawb fawb txog kev txheeb xyuas qhov ntau ntawmCistancheHerba vim lawv pom tseeb thiab zoo kawg li pharmacological kev ua.^91–97)Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov kev tshawb fawb muaj feem xyuam rau cov khoom xyaw nquag ntawmCistanchetau tsim lub hauv paus ruaj khov rau nws txoj kev tshawb fawb txog kev ua tshuaj kho mob.

Cistanch tshuaj ntxiv

Txuas ntxiv nyeem, mus rau ntu Ⅱ