PART 2 Antidepressant-zoo li cov teebmeem ntawm Cistanche Tubulosa Extract Ntawm Cov Kev Nyuaj Siab Tsis Muaj Kev Nyuaj Siab Los Ntawm Kev Txhim Kho Ntawm Gut Microbiota Homeostasis
Mar 05, 2022
Yog xav paub ntxiv thov hu rau:Joanna.jia@wecistanche.com
Hauv nas, ua rau peb ntseeg tias nws muaj kev phom sij tsawg dua thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb heev thaum siv kho (Gao li al., 2016).
Cistanche deserticola muaj ntau yam teebmeem, nyem qhov no kom paub ntau ntxiv
CTE Modulates Neurotransmitters thiab Neurotrophins
Cov txiaj ntsig tau los ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb no qhia tau hais tias CTE kev tswj hwm tuaj yeem ua rau CUS-induced hippocampus 5- qib HT thiab BDNF qhia, nrog rau 5- qib HT hauv txoj hnyuv. Qhov no tuaj yeem piav qhia tau zoo txog cov haujlwm tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab uas CTE ua haujlwm. Ntau tshaj 90 feem pua ntawm 5-HT nyob rau hauv lub cev yog synthesized los ntawm tshwj xeeb endocrine hlwb nyob rau hauv lub plab hu ua enterochromaffin hlwb (Gershon thiab Tack, 2007; Yano li al., 2015). Cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los tau pom tias cov kab mob tsim cov kab mob hauv nas thiab tib neeg microbiota txhawb nqa 5-HT biosynthesis los ntawm cov kab mob colonic enterochromaffin, uas muab 5-HT rau cov mucosa, lumen, thiab cov platelets circulating rau hosting 5- HT txoj cai (Yano li al., 2015). Yog li nws yuav yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub meej txog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev hloov ntawm lub plab microbiota qauv thiab 5-HT concentration hauvCistanchetxoj hnyuv tom qab kev tswj hwm qhov ncauj ntawm CTE, uas yuav ua rau pom kev ntawm cov tshuaj siv tshuaj ntawm kev ua haujlwm rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv-zoo liCistanchekev ua haujlwm ntawm CTE. Txawm hais tias kev tswj hwm CTE ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv plab microbiota tseem ceeb thiab 5-HT cov nyiaj nce hauv txoj hnyuv, tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov kab mob plab microbiota hloov pauv thiab hloov pauv 5-HT qib hauv cov nyuv raws li Pearson qhov sib txheeb coefficients. Yog li ntawd, nws tseem tsis tau paub meej tias qhov homeostasis ntawm plab microbiota coj mus rau 5-HT biosynthesis nyob rau hauv txoj hnyuv tom qab CTE tswj hwm ntawm CUS nas. Peb qhov kev sim tsis tu ncua ntawm microbiota hloov pauv hauv cov nas tsis muaj kab mob yog txhawm rau tshawb xyuas qhov no ntxiv.
Nws tau raug tshaj tawm tias aqueous extract ntawmC. tubulosatau nthuav tawm cov nyhuv antidepressant hauv tus qauv nas, kev hloov kho ntawm cov kab ke monoamine thiab HPA axis ob qho tib si ua rau cov nyhuv antidepressant ntawmC. tubulosa(Wang D. et al., 2017). Hauv peb txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no, CTE tau txhim kho kev nyuaj siab zoo li tus cwj pwm hauv cov nas hauv qab CUS los ntawm kev tswj cov neurotransmitters thiab neurotrophins hauv hippocampus. Qhov no zoo-txhais extract, uas yog tsim los ntawm 48.6 feem puaPhGs, 6.9 feem pua iridoid glycosides, thiab 20.0 feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov saccharides qhia tias qhov sib xyaw no tuaj yeem ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev nyuaj siab ntau txoj hauv kev. Piv txwv li,PhGstuaj yeem nce DA qib hauv striatum (Tian thiab Pu, 2005; Geng li al., 2007), iridoids tuaj yeem kho HPA axis tsis ua haujlwm thiab txhim kho BDNF kev qhia (Cai et al., 2015; Wang et al., 2015). Txawm li cas los xij, lub hom phiaj tiag tiag ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab ntawm CTE ntawm qib molecular, thiab cov kev koom tes los ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv cov extract tseem tsis paub, kev kawm ntxiv yog xav tau los piav qhia txog cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab ntawm CTE.
cistanchetuaj yeem kho osteoporosis
CTE Restores Gut Microbiota Composition thiab SCFAs Production
Hauv txoj kev tshawb no, homeostasis ntawm plab microbiota muaj pes tsawg leeg tau rov qab los ntawm CTE hauv CUS qauv. Kev nplua nuj ntawm Bacteroides, nruj anaerobes nrog qhov tseem ceeb hauv plab los ntawm lub neej thaum ntxov (Arboleya li al., 2015), tau nce siab tom qab CTE tswj hwm. Cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los qhia tias Bacteroides fragilis tuaj yeem thim rov qab tus cwj pwm zoo li autism hauv nas (Hsiao li al., 2013). Peb cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias Bacteroides tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo nrog 5-HT hauv hippocampus, thiab cuam tshuam tsis zoo nrog SCFAs, uas cuam tshuam nrog kev pom zoo los tiv thaiv kev nyuaj siab ntawm CTE. Ntxiv mus, kev hloov pauv hauv microbial muaj pes tsawg leeg tsis ntev los no tau txuas nrog kev tiv thaiv tus tswv tsev (Round and Mazmanian, 2009). Piv txwv li, ntau yam Bacteroides spp. tuaj yeem nthuav dav cov neeg nyob hauv Treg, kev tsis ncaj ncees rau TH1 / TH2 phenotype, lossis suppress tus tswv tsev cov lus teb los ntawm SCFAs (Samuelson li al., 2015). Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob muab kev sib txuas ntxiv ntawm plab microbiota thiab kev nyuaj siab (Miller li al., 2009). Li no, seb CTE cuam tshuam rau Bacteroides cov pej xeem, ntxiv rau kev tswj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab tom qab ntawd siv nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev nyuaj siab rau tus tswv tsev, yuav tsum tau tshawb xyuas yav tom ntej. Ib daim ntawv tshaj tawm yav dhau los qhia tias kev tswj hwm prebiotic ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv ntawm Bacteroides thiab Parabacteroides, thiab txo qis hauv kev nplua nuj ntawm Ruminococcus (Burokas li al., 2017). Kev tswj hwm CTE kuj tau coj mus rau qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Bacteroides thiab Parabacteroides, nrog rau kev txo qis ntawm Ruminococcus. Qhov no yog tej zaum vim tias cov oligosaccharides thiab polysaccharides hauv CTE yog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm prebiotics. Tsawg abundance ntawm Deinococcus tsuas yog kuaj pom nyob rau hauv CUS-induced qauv pawg, tab sis tsis pom nyob rau hauv kev tswj thiab CTE pawg thawj coj. Qhov no qhia tias lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob tsis tseem ceeb hauv kev nyuaj siab yuav tsum tsis txhob raug ignored.
Deinococcus tau pom thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1956 thiab paub txog nws qhov zoo kawg nkaus tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj los ntawm ntau yam ntawm cov hluav taws xob sib txuas, desiccation, UV hluav taws xob, thiab oxidizing cov neeg ua haujlwm (Gerber li al., 2015). Tsis tas li ntawd, Deinococcus muaj lub peev xwm los txo qis thiab metabolize cov suab thaj vim muaj cov noob encoding qab zib-metabolizing enzymes (Gerber li al., 2015). Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no, ib qho kev nce ntau ntawm cov txheeb ze ntawm Deinococcus tau pom nyob rau hauv pawg CUS-induced, thiab tom qab CTE tswj hwm qib ntawm Deinococcus poob qis rau qib ntawm pawg tswj. Qhov no txhais tau tias CUS tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam cov piam thaj hauv cov plab hnyuv microbiota, thiab qhov nce ntawm Deinococcus tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab hauv CUS nas. Tom qab kev kho mob ntev ntev ntawm CTE, CUS nas cov piam thaj hauv cov metabolism tuaj yeem dhau los ua ib txwm, thiab qhov kev loj hlob tsis zoo ntawm Deinococcus yuav ploj mus. Raws li qhov no, cov kab mob tsis tseem ceeb xws li genus Deinococcus tuaj yeem ua tus cim ntsuas rau qhov pib ntawm kev nyuaj siab thiab ua kom pom qhov ua tau zoo rau kev kawm txog kev tswj cov plab hnyuv microbiota raws li lub hom phiaj kho.
Ntau hom ntawm genus Weissella tau raug cais tawm thiab siv los ua cov kab mob probiotic lactic acid (LAB) vim lawv cov txiaj ntsig tiv thaiv kab mob, immunomodulatory, thiab tiv thaiv oxidation (Ojekunle li al., 2017; Park et al., 2017; Sandes et al. ib., 2017). Tsis muaj kev tshaj tawm txog tam sim no uas tsom mus rau kev sib txuas ntawm genus Weissella thiab kev nyuaj siab. Peb cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias 28 hnub cov txheej txheem kev ntxhov siab ua rau muaj kev txo qis ntawm cov txheeb ze ntawm Weissella hauv CUS cov qauv piv rau cov nas uas tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab, thiab kev tswj hwm qhov ncauj txhua hnub ntawm CTE ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov txheeb ze ntawm Weissella piv rau. CUS nas. Interestingly, W. beninensis ntawm hom tsiaj pom tau zoo ib yam li Weissella tau ua nyob rau theem genus. Qhov no tau lees tias muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm Weissella thiab daim ntawv thov CTE rau kev kho kev nyuaj siab. Yog li, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm Weissella probiotics thiab CTE yuav zoo dua rau cov neeg mob kev nyuaj siab.
Short-chain fatty acids yog cov tseem ceeb molecules uas modulate microglia maturation thiab muaj nuj nqi, nrog rau kev nyuaj siab (Erny li al., 2015; Dinan thiab Cryan, 2017). Hauv txoj kev tshawb no, nws tau pom tias CTE tuaj yeem thim rov qab qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm acetate thiab hexanoic acid mus rau theem tsim nyog. Cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los tau pom tias acetate ncaj qha cuam tshuam nrog cov txheej txheem hypothalamic hauv lub hlwb (Frost li al., 2014), txhais tau tias CTE tuaj yeem tswj hwm qhov tsis zoo ntawm acetate thiab HPA axis rau kev tiv thaiv kev nyuaj siab. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj kev tshawb fawb luam tawm tsom rau kev koom tes ntawm hexanoic acid thiab kev txhim kho kev nyuaj siab, uas peb yuav tshawb xyuas ntxiv rau yav tom ntej.
Cistanchemuaj cov teebmeem neuroprotective
XAIV
Hauv kev xaus, CTE tau siv zog ua kom muaj zog tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab los ntawm kev kho cov qib ntawm 5-HT, BDNF, thiab SCFAs, thiab hloov kho cov txheeb ze ntawm plab microbiota hauv genus qib hauv CUS nas. Kev txheeb xyuas kev sib raug zoo tau qhia tias hloov pauv plab microbiota genera kuj tseem muaj txiaj ntsig nrog cov hloov pauv neurotransmitters, neurotrophins, thiab SCFAs qib. Yog li, CTE tau raug txheeb xyuas tias yog tus neeg sawv cev kho mob muaj peev xwm rau kev nyuaj siab tsom rau microbiota-gut-brain axis.
Cistanchemuajneuroprotectivethiabantidepressantteebmeem
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DATA muaj nyob
Tag nrho cov sequences nyoos tau muab tso rau hauv NCBI Sequence Read Archive raws li tus lej SRP128788. Cov kws sau ntawv tshaj tawm tias tag nrho lwm cov ntaub ntawv txhawb nqa qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb no muaj nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm thiab nws cov khoom siv ntxiv, lossis muaj los ntawm tus neeg sau ntawv raws li kev thov yam tsis muaj kev txwv.
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
YL, YP, PT, thiab XL tsim cov kev sim. YL, PM, HY, thiab HX tau ua qhov kev sim. YL, YP, MW, CP, thiab LX tau txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv. YL, YP, thiab XL sau cov ntawv sau.
NYIAJ
Txoj haujlwm no tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm cov nyiaj pab los ntawm National Key Research and Development Program of China (SQ2017YFC170458) thiab Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders (16-K02).
SUPPLEMENTARY KHOOM
Cov Khoom Siv Ntxiv rau tsab xov xwm no tuaj yeem pom hauv online ntawm: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar. 2018.00967/full#supplementary- material
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Cov Lus Qhia Tsis Txaus Siab: Cov kws sau ntawv tshaj tawm tias qhov kev tshawb fawb tau ua thaum tsis muaj kev lag luam lossis nyiaj txiag kev sib raug zoo uas tuaj yeem txhais tau tias muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kev txaus siab.
Copyright © 2018 Li, Peng, Ma, Yang, Xiong, Wang, Peng, Tu thiab Li. Qhov no yog ib tsab xov xwm qhib tau muab faib raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). Kev siv, kev faib tawm, lossis kev tsim tawm hauv lwm lub rooj sib tham tau tso cai, muab tus thawj kws sau ntawv thiab tus tswv txoj cai tau txais txiaj ntsig thiab cov ntawv luam tawm thawj zaug hauv phau ntawv xov xwm no raug suav hais tias, raws li kev lees paub kev kawm. Tsis pub siv, faib, lossis rov tsim dua uas tsis ua raws li cov lus no.
