Oxidative Stress yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm Precursors ntawm ntau yam kab mob metabolic Part 1

Thov hu rauoscar.xiao@wecistanche.comyog xav paub ntxiv

Abstract:Oxidative stress yog ib qho tseem ceeb ua ntej ntawm ntau yam kab mob metabolic xws li ntshav qab zib, kab mob Parkinson, kab mob plawv, mob qog noj ntshav, thiab lwm yam. Ntau cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb tau qhia tias cov nroj tsuag theem nrab metabolites ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv oxidative kev nyuaj siab thiab nws cov teebmeem. Hauv qhov kev hwm no, txoj kev tshawb fawb no tau npaj los tshawb xyuas cov phenolic profile thiab antioxidant thiab antidiabetic muaj peev xwm ntawm cov aqueous extracts los ntawm Turkish Cistus hom los ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv vitro txoj kev. Cov txheej txheem hauv vitro digestion simulation tau siv rau txhua qhov kev rho tawm los kwv yees bioavailability ntawm lawv cov ntsiab lus phenolic. Tag nrho phenolic, flavonoid, phenolic acid, thiab proanthocyanidin cov ntsiab lus tau txiav txim siab rau txhua theem ntawm kev zom. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev hloov pauv hauv qhov ntau ntawm cov cim npe flavonoids (salidroside, hyperoside, thiab quercitrin) tau saib xyuas los ntawm High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) tsom xam. Cov kev ua haujlwm antioxidant muaj peev xwm ntawm cov extracts tau kawm los ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev los qhia lawv cov ncauj lus ntxaws ntxaws. Ntawm qhov tod tes, hauv vitro a-amylase thiab a-glucosidase enzymes thiab cov khoom siv qib siab-glycation kawg (AGE) inhibitory kev ua ub no ntawm cov extracts tau txiav txim siab los ntsuas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm cov tshuaj rho tawm. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias cov tshuaj aqueous tau txais los ntawm qhov chaw dav hlau ntawm Turkish Cistus hom muaj cov ntsiab lus phenolic nplua nuj thiab muaj zog antioxidant thiab kev ua haujlwm tiv thaiv kab mob; Txawm li cas los xij, lawv cov kev ua haujlwm bioactivity thiab cov cim flavonoid ntau yuav cuam tshuam los ntawm tib neeg kev zom zaub mov. Cov txiaj ntsig tau nthuav tawm tias tag nrho cov ntsiab lus phenolic, kev ua haujlwm antioxidant, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntshav qab zib muaj feem cuam tshuam ntawm cov qauv bioavailable tau qis dua cov qauv uas tsis tau zom hauv txhua qhov kev rho tawm.

Ntsiab lus:Turkish Cistus hom; cistanche tubulosa beneficios; kev ua haujlwm antioxidant; cistanche yog; human digestion simulation; HPTLC; ntshav qab zib

1. Taw qhia

Tsev neeg Cistaceae yog tsim los ntawm cov nroj tsuag, thiab txhua xyoo lossis perennial herbaceous nroj tsuag thiab genus Cistus yog ib qho ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm tsev neeg no. Ntau tshaj 50 hom Cistus tau muab faib thoob ntiaj teb, thiab lawv feem ntau hu ua "rockrose"[1]. Yav dhau los hauv vitro thiab hauv vivo kev tshawb fawb pom tau tias Cistus hom muaj tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob [23]. Cov phenolic sib txawv (phenolic acids, flavonoids, proanthocyanidins) thiab terpenes raug cais tawm ntawm Cistus hom, thiab lawv cov txiaj ntsig kho mob feem ntau raug ntaus nqi rau cov khoom no [4,5].

Nyob rau hauv Qaib Cov Txwv, tsib Cistus loj hlob ib txwm, piv txwv li, C. salvifolius L., C. paroiflorus Lam, C.monspeliensis L., C.laurifolius L.and C.creticus L.[6]. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ethnobotanical ntawm Turkish pej xeem tshuaj, ntau yam kab mob ntawm Cistus hom yog nquag sau ua ib qho kev kho mob. Infusions npaj los ntawm ceg ntawm C. laurifolius, C. salviifolius, thiab C. creticus tau noj qhov ncauj tawm tsam ntshav qab zib hauv Edremit (Balkesir) koog tsev kawm ntawv [7]. Decoctions npaj los ntawm paj ntawm C.creticus thiab C. salviifolius yog siv sab hauv tiv thaiv kab mob peptic hauv Marmaris (Mugla) [8], thaum lub decoction ntawm unopened paj buds ntawm C. laurifolius yog siv rau tib lub hom phiaj. Nyob rau hauv Western Anatolia, decoction ntawm C. laurifolius nplooj yog siv sab hauv tiv thaiv kub taub hau thiab mob plab thiab sab nraud, ntawm da dej, tiv thaiv mob rheumatic [9].

Thov nias ntawm no kom paub ntxiv

Nws yog ib qho pov thawj zoo tias qhov nce siab ntawm cov pa oxygen reactive (ROS) ua rau oxidative kev nyuaj siab, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb ua ntej ntawm ntau yam kab mob metabolic xws li mob qog noj ntshav, ntshav qab zib, teeb meem plawv, Alzheimer's disease, thiab lwm yam. [10] Yog li ntawd, kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob antioxidant tau dhau los ua ib txoj hauv kev zoo rau kev tiv thaiv lossis kho cov xwm txheej hauv kev xyaum tshawb fawb tam sim no. Cov haujlwm antioxidant ntawm cov nroj tsuag rho tawm tau tshaj tawm los ntawm ntau tus kws tshawb fawb[11-14]. Raws li ib txoj hauv kev, cov peev xwm antioxidant ntawm cov nroj tsuag rho tawm feem ntau mob siab rau lawv cov ntsiab lus phenolic. Lub cev loj ntawm cov pov thawj muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb uas Cistus hom kuj muaj cov phenolic profiles thiab nws thiaj li muaj ntau yam kev ua haujlwm antioxidant. Txawm li cas los xij, lub tswv yim bioavailability ntawm cov phytochemicals hauv lub cev tsis tau txiav txim siab hauv feem ntau ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb no.

Nws yog qhov paub zoo tias cov kab mob hauv plab hnyuv cuam tshuam cov phenolic tebchaw vim muaj pH sib txawv,cistanche thiab tongkat ali redditKev ua haujlwm enzyme, thiab microbiota. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov qauv tshuaj ntawm phenolic tebchaw thiab cov nroj tsuag matrix kuj tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau lawv cov bioavailability [15]. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb tam sim no, txoj kev simulation hauv vitro digestion simulation tau siv rau txhua qhov kev rho tawm los kwv yees bioavaility ntawm cov ntsiab lus phenolic. Txhawm rau saib xyuas cov kev hloov pauv, tag nrho phenolic, flavonoid, phenolic acid, thiab proanthocyanidin cov ntsiab lus tau txiav txim siab hauv txhua theem ntawm kev zom zaub mov. Ntxiv mus, cov kev ua haujlwm antioxidant ntawm cov extracts tau kawm los ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem spectrophotometric los qhia lawv cov kev ua haujlwm dav dav. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob antioxidant ntawm tag nrho cov qauv tau txais los ntawm txoj kev zom zaub mov tau tshawb xyuas nrog DPPH thiab DMPD (dawb radical scavenging), FRAP thiab CUPRAC (hlau-txo lub peev xwm), thiab TOAC (tag nrho cov antioxidant muaj peev xwm) kev soj ntsuam. Yav dhau los, salidroside, hyperoside, thiab quercitrin tau txiav txim siab ua cov cim flavonoids ntawm Cistus hom los ntawm Guzelmeric li al. [16] Yog li ntawd, kev txiav txim siab zoo thiab ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov flavonol glycosides tau ua nrog High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography system thiab lawv cov bioavailability indexes tau kwv yees.

Cistanche tuaj yeem txhim kho kev tiv thaiv

Mob ntshav qab zib mellitus (DM) yog ib hom kab mob metabolic thiab tau piav qhia los ntawm kev txo qis ntawm cov tshuaj insulin los ntawm cov kab mob pancreatic lossis tsis muaj cov lus teb ntawm lub cev rau insulin. Muaj ob hom DM: Insulin-dependent (Type I) thiab non-insulin-dependent (Type II) [17]. (npaum li cas cistanche coj) Ib qho ntawm cov tswv yim kho mob rau Hom Ⅱ DM yog tswj hwm postprandial hyperglycemia, uas txhais tau tias yog "kev nce siab ntawm cov piam thaj hauv cov ntshav tom qab noj mov". Glucosidase, yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj hwm postprandial hyperglycemia. (cistanche tubulosa hauv Suav) Hauv lub plab zom mov, o-amylase zom cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab kom txo cov suab thaj xws li cyclodextrin, lactose, thiab maltose, thiab -glucosidase rhuav tshem cov suab thaj no rau hauv qabzib. Yog li ntawd, inhibition ntawm digestive enzymes yog suav hais tias yog ib tug ua tau hom ntawm kev txiav txim los kho postprandial hyperglycemia [18] Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov ntshav qabzib nce siab tuaj yeem ua rau tsim cov AGEs uas txhais tau tias yog "cov khoom sib xyaw tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv enzymatic glycation. (Maillard) nruab nrab ntawm kev txo cov suab thaj thiab cov proteins, nucleic acids thiab lipids". Aminoguanidine, xav txog thiab metformin yog cov piv txwv ntawm hluavtaws inhibitors rau AGEs, thiab acarbose, miglitol, thiab voglibose yog hluavtaws inhibitors rau digestive enzymes thiab tau siv rau xyoo dhau los [20,21]. Txawm li cas los xij, kev sim tshuaj thiab hauv vivo thwmsim pom tau tias muaj kev phiv ntawm cov hluavtaws inhibitors, xws li hepatotoxicity, plab plab, flatulence, meteorism, anemia, ntuav, plawv tsis ua hauj lwm, thiab lwm yam. [21,22]. Vim muaj kev phom sij zoo li no, ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb tau koom nrog inhibitory muaj peev xwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag rho tawm ntawm AGEs [23-25]. Nws tau raug tshaj tawm tias cov tshuaj phytochemicals, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov phenolic tebchaw xws li phenolic acids, flavonoids, thiab proanthocyanidins, cuam tshuam qhov tsim ntawm AGEs thiab lwm yam enzymes, piv txwv li, x-amylase thiab -glucosidase [26-28].

Txij li thaum dej extraction (infusion los yog decoction) yog cov txheej txheem kev npaj ntau hauv cov tshuaj,cistanche cov txiaj ntsigTxoj kev tshawb no tau ua tiav ntawm cov dej hauv dej los ntawm Turkish Cistus hom ua ntej thiab tom qab hauv vitro gastrointestinal simulation simulation. Hauv qhov kev hwm no, phenolic profiles thiab antioxidant thiab antidiabetic muaj peev xwm ntawm cov aqueous extracts thiab lawv cov plab zom mov metabolites tau soj ntsuam sib piv. Raws li kev tshawb fawb siv, inhibitory kev ua ntawm Cistus extracts ntawm AGEs tau kawm thawj zaug hauv txoj kev tshawb no. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev soj ntsuam ntau ntawm cov cim flavonoids kuj tau ua tiav los ntawm HPTLC tsom xam. Cov txheej txheem hauv vitro digestion simulation tau siv rau txhua qhov kev rho tawm los saib xyuas cov kev hloov pauv hauv cov concentrations thiab cov kev ua haujlwm lom neeg ntawm cov phenolic tebchaw hauv plab hnyuv.

2. Cov txiaj ntsig

2.1.Kev kwv yees ntawm cov ntsiab lus Phenolic ntawm cov qauv

Raws li cov txiaj ntsig tau pom nyob rau hauv Table 1, aqueous extract ntawm C. saloifolius muaj ntau dua tag nrho cov flavonoid, phenolic thiab phenolic acid cov ntsiab lus dua li lwm hom kev kawm, thaum ND (tsis-digested) cov qauv ntawm C.creticus thiab C.laurifolius muaj lub siab tshaj plaws proanthocyanidin. cov ntsiab lus. Qhov txo qis tshaj plaws tau pom nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm proanthocyanidins ntawm tag nrho cov extracts. Proanthocyanidin ntau npaum li cas ntawm IN (bioavailable) cov qauv yog undetectable nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov aqueous extracts. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov ntsiab lus phenolic ntawm aqueous extracts tau cuam tshuam tsis zoo los ntawm cov txheej txheem hauv vitro tib neeg digestion simulation.

Cov ntawv luv rau cov qauv yog ND: Tsis-digested; PG: Postgastri; IN: Bioavailable; BAVI: Bioavailability Performance index; BRsults tau teev raws li qhov txhais tau tias ntawm triplicates ± tus qauv sib txawv (SD) thiab raws li mg gallic acid sib npaug (GAE) hauv 1 g qauv; Cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia raws li qhov txhais tau tias ntawm triplicates ± tus qauv sib txawv (SD) thiab raws li mg quercetin sib npaug (QE) hauv 1 g qauv; D Cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia raws li qhov txhais tau tias ntawm triplicates ± tus qauv sib txawv (SD) thiab raws li mg caffeic acid sib npaug (CAE) hauv 1g qauv; " Cov txiaj ntsig tau hais tawm raws li qhov txhais tau tias ntawm triplicates 士 tus qauv sib txawv (SD) thiab raws li mg catechin sib npaug (CE) hauv cov qauv lg; * Cov ntawv luv ntawm cov kua dej rho tawm∶CCA rau C. creticus, CLA rau C. laurifolius, CMA rau C. monspeliensis, CPA rau C.parviflorus, CSA rau C.salviifolius.Cov ntawv sib txawv hauv tib kab qhia qhov tseem ceeb (p<>

Raws li tau nthuav tawm hauv Table 2, salidroside thiab hyperoside cov ntsiab lus hauv aqueous extract ntawm C. salviifolius tau siab dua li lwm hom, thaum quercitrin tsis pom. Ntawm qhov tod tes, quercitrin tau pom nyob rau hauv qhov siab tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov qauv simulation ntawm aqueous extract los ntawm C. creticus, tab sis nws cov concentration txo qis hauv cov qauv bioavailable. Tsis tas li ntawd, HPTLC chromatogram thiab overlay UV spectra ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xa mus thiab cov chaw sib thooj hauv cov kab ntawm txhua qhov kev rho tawm tau nthuav tawm hauv daim duab 1.

Daim duab 1. (A) Overlay UV spectra ntawm salidroside thiab cov chaw sib thooj hauv cov lem ntawm tag nrho cov extracts. (B) Overlay UV spectra ntawm hyperoside thiab cov chaw sib thooj hauv cov lem ntawm txhua qhov kev rho tawm. (C) Overlay UV spectra ntawm quercitrin thiab cov khoom sib thooj hauv cov lem ntawm tag nrho cov extracts. (D) HPTLC chromatograms ntawm: 1. THIAB, 2. CCA PG, 3. CAUM, 4. CLA ND,5.CLA PG,6.CLAIN,7.Tiliroside(Rf ≈0.65),8.Hyperoside(Bf ≈0.35),9.Quercitrin(Rf ×{{ 14}}.45),10.CMA ND,11.CMAPG,12.CHAIN,13.AND,14. CPA PG,15.CPA IN,16.CSAND,17.CSAPG,18.CSA IN.Mobile theem:EtOAc/CHCh/CHCOOH/HCOOH/H2O(100:25:10:10:10:10:11);Derivatization : NPR reagent. Visualization: 366 nm.

2.2.Kev kwv yees ntawm Antioxidant Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Cov Qauv

Raws li tau nthuav tawm hauv Table 3, cov qauv bioavailable ntawm Cistus extracts nthuav tawm tsis muaj zog radical scavenging antioxidant kev ua ntau dua li lawv cov tsis-digested thiab post-gastric counterparts. ND thiab PG cov qauv ntawm tag nrho cov aqueous rho tawm tau pom qhov tseem ceeb DPPHradical scavenging kev ua si thiab muaj qis ECso qhov tseem ceeb tshaj li kev siv BHT (ECso tus nqi: 5.83 ±0.2 ug / mL). kev ua si dua li cov ntaub ntawv siv Trolox (5.82±{9}}.37 ug/mL).ND, PG, thiab IN cov qauv ntawm CPA muaj cov kev ua DMPD zoo dua piv rau cov qauv ntawm lwm cov extracts.

Zoo ib yam li radical scavenging kev soj ntsuam, bioavailable cov qauv ntawm Cistus extracts kuj pom tias tsis muaj zog hlau-txo thiab tag nrho cov kev ua haujlwm antioxidant dua li cov qauv uas tsis yog digested thiab post-gastric. Tag nrho cov qauv ND ntawm cov khoom rho tawm tau pom qhov tseem ceeb ferric txo cov kev ua haujlwm antioxidant, uas muaj zog dua li cov ntaub ntawv siv BHT (4.06±0.42mM FeSO4 sib npaug). Ntawm cov qauv PG, tsuas yog CSA (44 ± 0.16mM FeSO4 sib npaug) muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo dua li BHT. Hauv kev tshuaj ntsuam CUPRAC, ND thiab PG cov qauv ntawm CSA tau kuaj pom tias muaj zog tshaj plaws ntawm cov qauv ntawm lwm hom. Discretely, hauv cov qauv ntawm CCA muaj CUPRAC kev ua tau zoo dua li cov qauv bioavailable ntawm lwm cov aqueous rho tawm.

2.3.Diabetes-Related Enzyme Inhibition Activity

Raws li tau teev tseg hauv Table 4, concentration-dependent enzyme inhibitory kev ua tau pom nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov aqueous rho tawm (superman tshuaj ntsuab cistanche). Thaum ND cov qauv ntawm CPA thiab CSA (75.89 feem pua ​​​​±0.62,80.34 feem pua ​​±{11}}.19, raws li) tau nthuav tawm me ntsis -amylase inhibitory kev ua haujlwm ntau dua li acarbose (75.80 feem pua ​​± 0.02) ntawm 1 mg / mL concentration; Tsuas yog cov qauv ND ntawm CSA tau nthuav tawm ntau dua -glucosidase inhibitory kev ua haujlwm dua li cov ntaub ntawv siv quercetin hauv ob qho tib si.

Txhawm rau ua kom tiav, cov aqueous extract ntawm C. saloifolius tau nthuav tawm kev zom zaub mov zoo dua enzyme inhibitory ntau dua li cov khoom ntawm lwm hom. Tsis tas li ntawd, hauv cov qauv ntawm tag nrho cov aqueous extracts qhia qis enzyme inhibitory kev ua ub no piv rau ND kuaj. 2.4.AGEs Inhibitory Activity

Raws li tau hais nyob rau hauv Table 4, concentration-dependent AGE inhibitory kev ua si tau pom nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov aqueous extracts. ND cov qauv ntawm CCA, CPA, thiab CSA nthuav tawm cov haujlwm inhibitory zoo dua li cov ntaub ntawv siv quercetin hauv ob qho tib si 0.5 thiab 1 mg / mL concentrations. Txawm li cas los xij, tsuas yog C.salvifolius extract tau pom zoo inhibitory kev ua si dua li quercetin ntawm IN cov qauv ntawm cov extracts. Cov qauv bioavailable ntawm aqueous rho tawm tau pom qis dua AGE inhibitory kev ua ub no piv rau cov qauv uas tsis yog digested. Raws li cov txiaj ntsig, ND qauv ntawm aqueous extract ntawm C. salvifolius muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws AGE inhibitory kev ua haujlwm. Txawm li cas los xij, IN piv txwv ntawm C. monspeliensis aqueous extract tau pom qhov tsis muaj zog AGE inhibition muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv kev sim siab.

Kab lus no yog muab rho tawm los ntawm Molecules 2021, 26, 5322. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26175322 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules