Qhov ncauj noj nqaij qaib pob txha Collagen Peptides Anti-Skin Aging nyob rau hauv nas Los ntawm Regulating Collagen Degradation Thiab Synthesis, Inhibiting Inflamation Thiab Activating Lysosomes Part 1

Thov hu rauoscar.xiao@wecistanche.comyog xav paub ntxiv

Abstract:Cov nyhuv ntawm kev noj haus ntawm daim tawv nqaij laus tau dhau los ua ib qho kev tshawb fawb nthuav dav. Cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los feem ntau tau tsom mus rau cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm collagen peptides tau los ntawm cov kab mob hauv hiav txwv ntawm cov tawv nqaij laus thaum siv qhov ncauj, thaum cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm collagen peptides tau los ntawm nqaij qaib ntawm daim tawv nqaij laus tsis tshua muaj qhia. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no, collagen peptides tau npaj los ntawm nqaij qaib pob txha los ntawm enzymatic hydrolysis, thiab cov nyhuv thiab mechanism ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm qhov ncauj tswj collagen peptides ntawm alleviating tawv nqaij laus induced los ntawm UV ua ke nrog D-galactose tau soj ntsuam. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias cov nqaij qaib pob txha collagen muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm collagen, thiab nqaij qaib pob txha collagen peptides (CPs) yog cov me me molecular peptides nrog ib qho hnyav molecular ntawm<3000 da.="">cistanche lub neej extensionHauv vivo thwmsim pom tias CPs muaj qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb ntawm kev laus ntawm daim tawv nqaij, qhia los ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov qauv ntawm cov tawv nqaij laus, txhim kho cov tawv nqaij antioxidant theem, thiab inhibition ntawm o; Qhov kev txo qis tau zoo cuam tshuam nrog cov koob tshuaj CPs. Kev tshawb nrhiav ntxiv tau pom tias CPs ua ntej txo qis ntawm daim tawv nqaij oxidation, inhibit qhov kev qhia ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv AP -1 (c-Jun thiab c-Fos), tom qab ntawd qhib TGF- /Smad signaling txoj hauv kev los txhawb collagen synthesis. , inhibit qhov kev qhia ntawm MMP-1/3 los inhibit collagen degradation, thiab inhibit daim tawv nqaij o kom txo cov tawv nqaij laus ntawm nas. Ntxiv mus, daim tawv nqaij transcriptome pom tias lysosomes qhib tom qab qhov ncauj tswj hwm ntawm CPs tej zaum yuav yog ib txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb rau CPs hauv kev tiv thaiv daim tawv nqaij laus, thiab tsim nyog rau kev tshawb fawb ntxiv. Cov txiaj ntsig no tau qhia tias CPs yuav raug siv los ua cov khoom noj khoom haus tiv thaiv kev laus.

Thov nias ntawm no kom paub ntxiv

Ntsiab lus:collagen peptides; anti-aging; daim ntawv ntawm daim tawv nqaij; collagen synthesis; cov lysosomes

1. Taw qhia

Lub sijhawm noj qab haus huv, ua raws li kev noj qab haus huv, txiav txim siab lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus hauv cov tawv nqaij laus, thiab kev txiav txim siab noj dab tsi los tswj cov tawv nqaij hluas thiab noj qab haus huv yog teeb meem nyuaj. Daim tawv nqaij yog lub cev loj tshaj plaws ntawm lub cev, muaj li ntawm epidermis, dermis, thiab subcutaneous txheej. Nws ua raws li kev thaiv kev tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm lwm yam thiab tseem ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev zoo nkauj [1]. Kev laus ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog cov txheej txheem nyuaj, uas tau muab faib ua cov laus laus thiab cov duab-laus thiab cuam tshuam los ntawm ob qho tib si sab hauv thiab sab nraud. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb muaj xws li tsub zuj zuj ntawm macromolecular puas hauv cell, poob ntawm qia cell muaj nuj nqi (txhawb cov ntaub so ntswg tshiab), thiab maj mam poob ntawm lub cev kev ncaj ncees ntawm daim tawv nqaij [2]. Lub ntsiab molecular mechanisms uas ua rau cov tawv nqaij laus feem ntau muaj xws li oxidative kev nyuaj siab, telomere shortening, DNA puas, genetic hloov, micro-RNA kev tswj, advanced glycation kawg-cov khoom tsub zuj zuj, thiab inflame-aging [3]. Photo-aging yog daim tawv nqaij epidermal hyperplasia, ziab, thiab extracellular matrix degradation vim los ntawm ultraviolet hluav taws xob.ceg nzQhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm cov duab-laus yog reactive oxygen hom (ROS) tsim los ntawm ultraviolet hluav taws xob uas kho qhov kev qhia ntawm matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) thiab hom-I pro-collagen los ntawm cov teeb liab txoj kev xws li mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. txoj kev, yog li ua rau degradation ntawm extracellular matrix (ECM) nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij thiab apoptosis ntawm fibroblasts [4]. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, kev tswj cov tawv nqaij noj qab haus huv thiab ncua kev laus tau nrov, thiab nrhiav cov khoom xyaw ntuj xws li bioactive peptides thiab polyphenols nrog antioxidant thiab anti-aging functions tau dhau los ua kev tshawb fawb hotspot [5].

Txawm li cas los xij, collagen muaj qhov hnyav molecular loj thiab tsis yooj yim rau kev nqus ncaj qha thiab siv, qhov me me molecular collagen peptides tom qab collagen hydrolysis muaj zog lom lom thiab nqus tau siab [6]. Lub caij no, kev siv dav dav ntawm collagen hauv cov zaub mov, tshuaj, cov ntaub so ntswg engineering, tshuaj pleev ib ce, thiab lwm yam kev lag luam tau ua collagen peptides nrog qis molecular yuag, kev nqus tau zoo dua, thiab muaj zog ua haujlwm lom neeg nyiam tshiab hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus thiab kev tshawb fawb kho mob[{{1 }}]. Collagen peptides yog me me, muaj 2-20 amino acid residues tau tom qab collagen hydrolysis. Lawv tau siv los ua kev noj zaub mov ntxiv rau kev kho mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij laus vim lawv muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kab mob thiab antioxidant zog thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cov teebmeem ntawm kev tiv thaiv oxidation thiab proliferation ntawm daim tawv nqaij fibroblasts [10].

Cistanche tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev laus

Tom qab kev tswj hwm qhov ncauj, collagen peptides tau nqus los ntawm cov peptides me me thiab thauj mus rau cov ntshav sai sai, thiab thaum kawg, mus rau ob lub raum, tawv nqaij, pob qij txha, thiab lwm yam ntaub so ntswg kom khaws thiab siv. Tom qab 14 hnub, cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tseem nyob hauv daim tawv nqaij ntawm nas uas tau muab tshuaj nrog C14-labeled collagen peptides. Cov collagen peptides tuaj yeem yuav luag tag nrho nqus thiab siv los ntawm lub cev, qhov nqus thiab siv tus nqi ntawm collagen tsuas yog 50-60 feem pua ​​[6,11-13]. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, collagen hydrolysates los ntawm cov tawv nqaij ntses, ntses nplai, pob txha nyuj, tawv nqaij nyuj, thiab tawv nqaij npua tau nthuav qhia tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev txo cov tawv nqaij laus thiab tau txais kev saib xyuas ntau los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb. Piv txwv li, collagen peptides cais los ntawm silver carp tawv nqaij txhawb pro-collagen synthesis thiab inhibit AP-1, MMP-1, thiab MMP-3 protein qhia los ntawm activating TGF- /Smad txoj kev los tiv thaiv collagen degradation thiab kho cov duab ntawm daim tawv nqaij [14] Kev tswj hwm qhov ncauj ntawm bovine collagen peptides tuaj yeem txhim kho daim tawv nqaij so, nce collagen cov ntsiab lus thiab antioxidant enzyme kev ua, kho collagen fiber, thiab normalize collagen piv ntawm daim tawv nqaij nyob rau hauv cov laus nas [15]. Txawm li cas los xij, collagen peptides los ntawm ntau qhov chaw muaj qhov sib txawv. Tus nqi thiab cov qauv ntawm cov peptides muaj zog heev hauv cov ntshav tom qab qhov ncauj tswj hwm ntawm collagen peptides nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm collagen[10]. Kev tiv thaiv cov nyhuv ntawm collagen peptide muab rho tawm los ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm hens tiv thaiv UVA-induced fibroblast raug mob yog superior rau cov collagen peptide muab rho tawm los ntawm npua, nyuj, los yog tilapia daim tawv nqaij, thiab nws cov nyhuv yog sib npaug rau collagen-derived tripeptide (Gly-Pro. -Hyp)[16]. Kev ntseeg kev ntseeg thiab kev txhawj xeeb txog kab mob (xws li kab mob nyuj vwm) tau ua rau tib neeg maj mam hloov cov kev taw qhia ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm collagen thiab nws cov khoom los ntawm cov tsiaj hauv av mus rau cov nqaij qaib thiab cov kab mob marine [17]. Raws li lub ntsiab los ntawm cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov nqaij qaib ua, nqaij qaib pob txha yog ib qho kev cog lus ntawm cov khoom collagen. Nws tsis tsuas yog txo cov khoom siv thiab kev ua qias tuaj ib puag ncig xwb tab sis kuj tso cai rau kev siv cov khoom lag luam zoo. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no, peb siv nqaij qaib pob txha collagen peptides raws li raw cov ntaub ntawv, nrog liab qab nas kho nrog D-galactose thiab UV induce tawv nqaij laus, raws li tus qauv los soj ntsuam cov nyhuv ntawm qhov ncauj kev tswj ntawm lub collagen peptide ntawm alleviating daim tawv nqaij laus nyob rau hauv. nas thiab txiav txim siab txog qhov cuam tshuam.

2. Cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem

2.1. Khoom siv, tshuaj, thiab tsiaj txhu

Cov qaib ua liaj ua teb ntawm Yunnan Agricultural University (Kunming, Tuam Tshoj) muab cov hens siv, uas tau muab cais, qhuav, thiab crushed kom tau cov nqaij qaib pob txha noj mov. Su-peroxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), thiab glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) cov khoom siv tau yuav los ntawm Soleibao Biotechnology Co., Ltd.(Beijing, Suav). Hydroxyproline (HYP), interleukin -1 (IL-1), matrix metalloproteinase-1/3 (MMP-1/3), hom I pro-collagen, thiab hyaluronic acid( HA) enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) cov khoom siv tau yuav los ntawm Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, Suav). Cov poj niam noj qab haus huv BALB/C cov nas tsis muaj plaub hau (18 ± 2g, muaj rau lub lis piam) tau yuav los ntawm Nanjing Junke Bioengineering Corporation, Ltd.(Nanjing, Tuam Tshoj) nrog tus lej tso cai: SCXK(SU)2016-0010. Pepsin thiab papain tau yuav los ntawm Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd.(Shanghai, Tuam Tshoj), thiab lwm yam tshuaj yog qib analytical. Txhua tus nas tau ua raws li Cov Cai ntawm Kev Saib Xyuas Tsiaj Hauv Lub Xeev Yunnan thiab tau pom zoo los ntawm Yunnan Agricultural University Animal Care thiab Siv Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas (kev pom zoo ID: YAUACUC01).

2.2. Kev npaj Collagen thiab Amino Acid Composition

Cov extraction thiab amino acid muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm nqaij qaib pob txha collagen ua raws li txoj kev piav los ntawm Lieut al. [18] nrog kev hloov kho me ntsis. Cov nqaij qaib pob txha hmoov tau nplawm thiab tsau rau hauv 0.05 M NaOH, 10 feem pua ​​​​n-hexane, thiab 0.25 MEDTA tov (pH 7.5) ntawm 1/10 (m / o). Ntawm txhua kauj ruam, cov qauv raug kho rau 36h, thiab cov tshuaj ntub dej tau hloov txhua 6 teev kom o cov pob txha hmoov thiab tshem tawm cov protein uas tsis yog collagen, rog, thiab cov zaub mov los ntawm cov pob txha hmoov. Cov qauv raug ntxuav nrog dej ntshiab kom nruab nrab tom qab txhua kauj ruam. Cov nqaij qaib ua ntej kho cov pob txha noj tau tov nrog 0.5 M glacial acetic acid uas muaj 0.1 feem pua ​​(w/v) pepsin ntawm qhov sib piv ntawm cov kua-rau-kua ntawm 1:10 (wo/v) thiab tsis tu ncua stirred thiab muab rho tawm ntawm 4 degree rau. 48h ib. Tom qab ntawd nws tau lim, thiab cov lim tau centrifuged ntawm 15, 000 × g rau 15 min ntawm 4 degree .cistanche noov lojLub supernatant tau hloov kho rau 7.5-7.8 nrog NaOH tov, thiab NaCl tau ntxiv rau qhov kawg ntawm 1.5 M. Tom qab sib tov tau khaws cia tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau 12 h ntawm 4C rau salting tawm, collagen precipitate tau centrifuged ntawm 15, 000×g rau 15 min ntawm 4 degree, ces yaj nrog 0.5 M acetic acid, dialyzed hauv dej ntshiab, khov-qhuav, thiab cov khoom tiav yog nqaij qaib pob txha collagen.

Cov amino acid muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm nqaij qaib pob txha collagen tau txiav txim los ntawm Sykam S433D amino acid automatic analyzer (Munich, Lub teb chaws Yelemees). Ib qho piv txwv ntawm collagen yuav tsum tau kuaj yog coj mus rau hauv ib lub raj kaw, ntxiv nrog 10mL6 M HCl, thiab hydrolyzed ntawm 110 degree rau 24 teev. Cov hydrolyzate tau concentrated los ntawm nitrogen tshuab thiab rov ua dua hauv 20 mL citric acid tsis. Tom qab microfiltration nrog 0.22 μm microporous membrane, 20 μL hydrolyzate raug coj mus rau kev tshuaj xyuas amino acid spectrum. Cov amino acid cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv cov qauv tau qhia nyob rau hauv feem pua.

2.3. Kev Npaj thiab Molecular Nyhav Distribution ntawm Collagen Peptides (CPs)

Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm peb txoj kev txhim kho yav dhau los, CPs tau npaj siv papain ntawm qhov sib piv ntawm enzyme-rau-substrate ntawm 1: 40(qhov sib piv loj). Tom qab kho cov pH mus rau 7 thiab enzymatic hydrolysis ntawm 63 degree rau 5 h, cov enzyme yog inactivated nyob rau hauv boiling dej da dej rau 15 feeb. Cov enzyme hydrolyzate tau desalted thiab lyophilized, rov ua dua nyob rau hauv 0.1 feem pua ​​formic acid tov, thiab centrifuged kom tau cov supernatant. AQ Exactive HF Orbitrap High-Resolution Mass Spectrometer-OE-HF (Thermo Fisher, Waltham, MA, USA), nruab nrog electrospray ionization (ESI), tau siv los tshuaj xyuas cov collagen hydrolyzate nyob rau hauv tag nrho scan hom ntawm 350-1800 m/z, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau muab rov qab thiab tshuaj xyuas siv Proteome Discoverer

2.1 software

2.4. Tsiaj Test

Poj niam BALB/Chairless nas (n {{0}}}) tau khaws cia nyob rau hauv ib chav nyob rau hauv kev tswj tej yam kev mob ntawm kub (24 ± 1 degree), av noo (60± 5%), thiab ib tug 12 h nruab hnub hmo ntuj mus rau ib lub lim tiam. Lawv tau muab ad libitum nkag mus rau zaub mov thiab dej. Tom qab ib lub lim tiam ntawm kev hloov kho, cov nas tau muab faib ua tsib pawg hauv qab no (n =11 ib pab):(i). Ib pawg (N): UV tsis pom; kev tswj qhov ncauj ntawm 0.4 mL saline txhua hnub. (ii). Qauv pawg (M): UV exposed plus D-galactose ({16}}.2 mL); Kev tswj qhov ncauj ntawm 0.4 mL saline txhua hnub. (i). Tsawg koob collagen peptides pawg (LCPs): UV raug ntxiv rau D-galactose (0.2mL); qhov ncauj

kev tswj hwm ntawm 0.4 mL CPs (dose: 200 mg kg-1 lub cev hnyav) txhua hnub. (iv). Medium dose collagen peptides pawg (MCPs): UV raug ntxiv rau D-galactose; qhov ncauj

kev tswj hwm ntawm 0.4 mL CPs (dose: 500 mg: kg-1 lub cev hnyav) txhua hnub.

(v). Cov koob tshuaj ntau collagen peptides pawg (HCPs): UV raug ntxiv rau D-galactose; Kev tswj qhov ncauj ntawm 0.4 mL CPs (kuj koob: 1000 mg·kg-1 lub cev hnyav) txhua hnub.

Kev kho D-galactose tau ua los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj subcutaneous ntawm 0.2 mL ntawm 10 feem pua ​​​​D-galactose tov tom qab ntawm tus nas lub caj dab (dose: 1.0g/ kg-1lub cev hnyav) txhua hnub. UV irradiation tau ua nrog 40 W UVA -340 LAMP (O-panel, Cleveland, USA, ncov wavelength: 340 nm), qhov deb ntawm lub teeb thiab nraub qaum nas yog 30 cm (230 m J / cm-), thiab irradiation tau kav ntev li 30 feeb txhua hnub rau xya lub lis piam (49 hnub). Cov hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob tau ntsuas los ntawm UVA365-radiometer (Xinbao Keyi Electronic Technology Co., Ltd., Xi'an, Suav). Ib teev tom qab kev kho D-galactose thiab UV, cov nas tau muab 0.4 mL ntawm CPs ntawm qhov ncauj txhua hnub. Tom qab qhov kawg irradiation, cov nas tau muab tshuaj loog, hnyav, thiab cov ntaub so ntswg raug coj mus kuaj rau tom ntej.

2.5.Skin Moisture, Visceral Index, thiab Lub Cev Qhov hnyav

Cov tawv nqaij noo noo tau txiav txim siab los ntawm ISO 1442, thiab cov visceral Performance index raug xam los ntawm kev sib npaug hauv qab no: visceral index (g / kg)= qhov hnyav / lub cev hnyav.

2.6.Oxidatioe Stress, HA, thiab HYP Cov Ntsiab Lus ntawm Daim tawv nqaij

Cov qauv ntawm daim tawv nqaij tau homogenized nrog cuaj npaug ntawm cov kua qaub ib txwm (w / w) hauv dej khov da dej nrog cov ntaub so ntswg homogenizer (TGrinder OSE-Y30, Tiangen Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, Suav), thiab tom qab ntawd centrifuged ntawm 2000 × g thiab 4 degree rau 10min. Cov kev ua ub no ntawm superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm hyaluronic acid (HA) thiab hydroxyproline (HYP) hauv cov supernatant sau tau txiav txim siab raws li txoj kev tau piav qhia hauv cov lus qhia. sib raug rau cov khoom siv.

2.7. Daim tawv nqaij Histological

Cov qauv nas ntawm daim tawv nqaij tau kho hauv 4 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov tshuaj paraformaldehyde rau 24 teev, lub cev qhuav dej, muab tso rau hauv paraffin, thiab hlais. Cov ntu ntawm daim tawv nqaij tau stained nrog hematoxylin thiab eosin (HE) thiab pom nrog ECLIPSE CI-E rau pem hauv ntej fluorescence microscope (Nikon, Nyiv). Qhov tuab ntawm daim tawv nqaij epidermis thiab dermis tau soj ntsuam siv Halcon 13.0.1.1 software (MVTec, Munich, Germany).

2.8.Skin Transscriptome Sequencing

2.8.1 ib. RNA Extraction, Kev Tsim Kho Tsev Qiv Ntawv, thiab Kev Tshaj Tawm Tshaj Tawm

Tag Nrho RNA tau muab rho tawm ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm nas siv RNeasy Mini Kit (Tiangen Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, Tuam Tshoj) raws li cov chaw tsim khoom cov lus qhia. Lub purity thiab concentration ntawm RNA raug kuaj xyuas siv kaiaoK5500Spectrophoto-meter (Kaiao, Beijing, Tuam Tshoj); RNA kev ncaj ncees raug soj ntsuam siv RNA Nano 6000 Assay Kit thiab Bioanalyzer 2100 system (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA). Kev soj ntsuam kev sib txuas lus ntawm txhua tus qauv tau ua los ntawm Biolinker Technology Company Limited (Kunming, Suav).cistanche hmoovLuv luv, pawg ntawm cov qauv ntsuas ntsuas tau ua nyob rau ntawm cBot pawg tsim kab ke siv HiSeq PE Cluster Kit v4-cBot-HS (Illumina) raws li cov chaw tsim khoom cov lus qhia. Tom qab pawg neeg tsim, cov tsev qiv ntawv tau ua tiav ntawm Illumina platform, thiab 150 bp ua khub-kawg nyeem tau tsim.

2.8.2 ib. Bioinformatics Analyzes ntawm RNA-Sequencing Data

Gene Ontology(GO) thiab Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) tau ua los ntawm R language cluster analyzer pob. Thaum tus nqi p-nqi tsawg dua 0.05, cov khoom thiab txoj hauv kev txhawb nqa los ntawm GO thiab KEGG tau suav tias yog qhov tseem ceeb.

2.8.3 ib. Rov qab Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR)

QRT-PCR tau ua raws li tau piav qhia yav dhau los [19].

2.9.Wester1 Lub

Raws li txoj kev piav qhia los ntawm Park et al. [20], Western blot (WB) kev tshuaj ntsuam tau ua kom muaj nuj nqis ntawm kev qhia ntawm daim tawv nqaij laus-txog cov proteins hauv cov nas. Cov protein ntau ntawm daim tawv nqaij lysate hauv txhua pab pawg kho mob tau suav nrog siv BCA cov khoom siv, sib cais los ntawm SDS-PAGE (10 feem pua ​​​​acrylamide gel), pauv mus rau PVDF daim nyias nyias, thaiv nrog 5 feem pua ​​​​skim mis nyuj, thiab incubated nrog tus nqi tsim nyog ntawm thawj. antibodies (TGF-b1, c-Fos, c-Jun, Samd2/3, thiab -actin) ntawm 4 degree thaum hmo ntuj. Tom qab ntxuav nrog TBST, cov qauv tau muab sib xyaw nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thib ob thiab muab tso rau hauv chav sov li 1 teev. ChemiDoc XRS ntxiv rau chemiluminescence gel imager (BioRAD, Hercules, CA, USA) tau siv los txheeb xyuas cov proteins tshwj xeeb. Duab] software tau siv los ntsuas qhov kev qhia ntawm lub hom phiaj protein nyob rau hauv txhua pab pawg kho mob, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau sawv cev los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig zoo li qub rau -actin protein.

2.10. ELISA

Cov kev qhia theem ntawm MMP-1, MMP-3, Hom I pro-collagen, thiab IL-1 hauv daim tawv nqaij lysis kua tau txiav txim los ntawm enzyme-txuas immunoassay. Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas tau ua raws li cov lus qhia uas tau muab nrog cov khoom siv.

2.11. Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb

Tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig tau raug tshuaj xyuas siv SPSS 21 (IBM Inc., Armonk, NY, USA) software los ntawm ib txoj kev tsom xam ntawm qhov sib txawv (ANOVA) thiab Duncan ntau qhov kev xeem, nrog rau theem tseem ceeb tau teeb tsa rau p<0.05. originpro="" 2017="" (originlab,="" northampton,="" ma,="" usa)was="" used="" to="" plot="" the="" data.="" all="" data="" were="" expressed="" as="" the="" mean="" ±standard="" deviation="">

3. Cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev sib tham

3.1.Amino Acid Composition ntawm Collagen

Cov amino acid muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm nqaij qaib pob txha collagen yog qhia nyob rau hauv Table 1. Gly yog lub ntsiab amino acid nyob rau hauv cov qauv, accounting rau ze li ntawm ib feem peb (27.86 feem pua) ntawm tag nrho cov amino acids, thiab Hyp yog tus tshwj xeeb amino acid nyob rau hauv collagen, accounting rau 9.83 feem pua. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm collagen molecules yog qhov rov ua dua Gly-XY ib ntus thiab cov qauv triple-helical tshwj xeeb tsim los ntawm peb c chains. Gly suav txog kwv yees li ib feem peb ntawm tag nrho cov amino acids, X thiab Y feem ntau yog proline thiab hydroxyproline, lossis tuaj yeem yog ib qho seem [21]. Cov amino acid muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm tus qauv zoo ib yam li cov nqaij qaib pob txha collagen qhia hauv kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los thiab muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm collagen [22].

3.2. Molecular Weight Distribution ntawm CPs

Molecular weight distribution reflects the degree of collagen hydrolysis. The molecular weight of the CPs was mainly below 3000 Da(Figure 1), accounting for about 87.61%of all collagen hydrolysates, indicating that almost all of the CPs were small peptides. Many studies claim that collagen peptides with a lower molecular weight have better biological activity [23]. For example, Song et al. [24]. reported that lower molecular weight (200-1000 Da,65%)silver carp skin collagen peptides repaired UV-induced aging skin in mice more effectively than similar peptides with a higher molecular weight(>1000 Da, 72 feem pua). Txawm li cas los xij, lub tuam txhab German Gelita tau qhia los ntawm ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam tias cov nyhuv ntawm collagen peptides feem ntau txiav txim siab los ntawm nws txoj kev sib txuam nrog cov khoom ntawm collagen peptides tom qab degradation ntawm tib neeg collagen, es tsis yog qhov hnyav molecular ntawm collagen peptides. Lawv pom tias cov khoom VERISOL⑧ nrog qhov nruab nrab qhov hnyav ntawm 2000 Da muaj qhov cuam tshuam zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov tawv nqaij fibroblasts, thaum cov khoom FortigelTM nrog qhov nruab nrab molecular hnyav ntawm 3000 Da muaj qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev kho pob txha mos [25-27].

3.3. Cov nyhuv ntawm qhov ncauj CPs ntawm Alleviating tawv nqaij laus

3.3.1. Lub cev hnyav thiab lub cev Index

Lub cev qhov hnyav thiab qhov ntsuas lub cev yog qhov tseem ceeb thiab cuam tshuam txog kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov nas. Qhov hnyav ntawm cov nas hauv txhua pab pawg tau nce ib txwm thaum lub sijhawm kuaj (Table 2). Qhov nruab nrab qhov hnyav nce ntawm pawg M yog qis dua li ntawm pawg N, thiab cov pab pawg kho mob CP siab dua li ntawm pawg M, qhia tias CPs tsis muaj kev phiv rau cov nas. Hauv cov ntawv tshaj tawm dhau los, koob tshuaj collagen peptide-kho nas feem ntau yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 100-1000 mg/kg.bw·d, thiab kev nyab xeeb koob tshuaj tilapia collagen peptides mus txog 4.07 g/kg.bw·d [{{6} }].cistanche salsa extract Similarly, the growth of skin-aged mice after gavage with tilapia scale collagen peptides (dose: 500 and 1000 mg/kg.bw·d)was also similar to our results [29]. The spleen plays an important role in humoral and cellular immunity, thus, the spleen index is often used to evaluate immune system function. The liver index was used to evaluate the toxicity of the tested sample. In these tests, the liver and spleen indices in the M group were lower than those in the N group, and both recovered after treatment with CPs, but there was no significant difference across the treatment groups(p>0.05). Cov txiaj ntsig tau zoo ib yam li cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los [30], qhia tias CPs muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab tuaj yeem txhim kho kev tiv thaiv ntawm nas me ntsis.

3.3.2. Daim tawv nqaij

Kev kho UV thiab D-galactose (M pab pawg) txo qis cov dej noo, HA, thiab Hyp cov ntsiab lus hauv daim tawv nqaij, piv rau cov pab pawg, los ntawm 13.36 feem pua, 24.08 feem pua, thiab 15.83 feem pua, raws li (p<0.05)(table 2).the="" contents="" of="" moisture,="" ha,="" and="" hyp="" in="" the="" skin="" were="" significantly="" higher="" in="" mice="" after="" the="" oral="" administration="" of="" cps="" compared="" to="" the="" contents="" of="" those="" in="" the="" mice="" of="" the="" m="" group=""><0.05). among="" the="" dose="" groups,="" the="" contents="" of="" the="" three="" skin="" components="" were="" significantly="" different="" between="" the="" lcp="" and="" hcp="" groups="" and="" were="" dependent="" on="" the="" dose="" of="" intake="" of="" cps.="" the="" hcp="" group="" had="" even="" higher="" contents="" than="" the="" n="" group,="" and="" ha="" and="" hyp="" were="" significantly="" different="" between="" the="" two="" groups="" (p=""><>

Kev hloov pauv ntawm daim tawv nqaij noo noo ua rau wrinkles thiab tawv nqaij sagging thiab cuam tshuam los ntawm matrix Cheebtsam xws li daim tawv nqaij collagen thiab HA[31]. Hydroxyproline yog ib qho ruaj khov, nplua nuj, thiab tshwj xeeb amino acid hauv collagen, thiab nws cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov ntsiab lus ntawm collagen hauv daim tawv nqaij, nrog rau cov tawv nqaij laus. Tsis tas li ntawd, HA, uas tau hais tawm hauv daim tawv nqaij ECM, ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj cov tawv nqaij cov dej sib npaug, osmotic siab, khaws cov dej noo, thiab elasticity raws li cov dej cia thiab cov qauv ntawm daim tawv nqaij [32]. Hauv txoj kev tshawb no, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov dej noo, HYP, thiab HA hauv daim tawv nqaij tau nce ntxiv tom qab noj CP, uas tej zaum yuav cuam tshuam txog kev txhawb nqa collagen thiab HA synthesis los ntawm CPs. Ntxiv mus, qhov nce hauv HYP thiab HA nce cov dej noo.

3.3.3. Daim tawv nqaij Histological hloov

Cov kev hloov pauv histological hauv daim tawv nqaij tom qab ntawm cov nas tom qab xya lub lis piam ntawm kev kho mob tas li tau pom hauv daim duab 2. Cov tawv nqaij laus ntawm pawg M tau pom cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov ntxhib saum npoo, thickened epidermis, thinned dermis, thiab sparse hlwb, piv rau cov tawv nqaij ntawm pawg N. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov xwm txheej ntawm daim tawv nqaij laus hauv cov nas tau txhim kho tom qab kev tswj hwm ntawm qhov ncauj ntawm CPs, tswj kom muaj kev sib raug zoo, kev sib raug zoo, thiab ua tiav cov qauv zoo ib yam li cov nas ntawm pawg N. Yog li, daim tawv nqaij dermis yog thinner, thiab cov epidermis yog thicker nyob rau hauv pawg M ntau tshaj nyob rau hauv pawg N (p.<0.05). the="" change="" in="" skin="" dermis="" and="" epidermal="" thickness="" was="" significantly="" better="" after="" treatment="" with=""><0.05), and="" the="" effect="" was="" more="" obvious="" with="" the="" increase="" in="" the="" dose="" of="" cps="" (figure="" 2).="" the="" effect="" of="" oral="" cps="" on="" the="" histological="" structure="" of="" aging="" skin="" was="" similar="" to="" that="" reported="" previously[4,28,31].="" the="" increase="" in="" the="" thickness="" of="" the="" epidermis="" might="" be="" an="" adaptive="" change="" to="" protect="" the="" skin="" from="" external="" stimuli,="" loss="" of="" skin="" moisture,="" and="" uv="" damage,="" possibly="" due="" to="" the="" increase="" in="" uv-activated="" epidermal="" growth="" factor="" receptor="" (egfr)="" that="" induces="" keratinocyte="" proliferation="" and="" epidermal="" hyperplasia[4].="" however,="" the="" mechanism="" by="" which="" oral="" cps="" alleviate="" the="" increase="" in="" epidermal="" thickness="" remains="" unclear.="" the="" dermis="" imparts="" elasticity="" and="" strength="" to="" the="" skin,="" and="" the="" degradation="" of="" ecm="" and="" the="" reduction="" in="" the="" ability="" to="" repair="" fibroblasts="" are="" the="" main="" causes="" of="" dermal="" thinning="" in="" aging="" skin.="" dermal="" thickness="" increased="" after="" the="" treatment="" with="" cps,="" which="" might="" be="" due="" to="" the="" removal="" of="" ros="" from="" the="" skin="" and="" inhibition="" of="" the="" increase="" of="" mmps="" by="" cps.="" this,="" in="" turn,="" inhibited="" the="" degradation="" of="" skin="" collagen="" and="" elastin="" (figure="" 3),="" the="" entry="" of="" cps="" into="" the="" skin,="" and="" their="" participation="" in="" the="" synthesis="" of="" collagen="" and="" ha="" [6],="" which="" was="" confirmed="" by="" the="" increase="" in="" the="" content="" of="" hyp="" and="" ha="" in="" the="" skin="" (table="">

3.3.4.Skin Antioxidant thiab Inflammatory Levels

Kev txiav txim siab txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov enzymes antioxidant yog feem ntau siv txoj hauv kev los ntsuas cov qib antioxidant hauv lub cev [28]. Raws li pom hauv daim duab 3, cov dej num ntawm CAT, SOD, GSH-Px, thiab MDA cov ntsiab lus hauv pawg M tau qis dua cov hauv pawg N (p<0.05). administering="" cps="" effectively="" inhibited="" the="" decrease="" of="" cat,="" sod,="" gsh-px="" activities,="" and="" the="" mda="" content="" in="" the="" skin="" of="" mice,="" compared="" to="" those="" in="" the="" mice="" skin="" of="" the="" m="" group,and="" was="" positively="" correlated="" with="" the="" dose="" of="" cps;="" there="" were="" significant="" differences="" among="" the="" different="" dose="" groups=""><0.05). when="" ros,="" accumulated="" by="" skin="" oxidative="" stress,="" exceed="" the="" antioxidant="" defense="" ability="" of="" the="" body,="" they="" destroy="" the="" ecm,="" which="" is="" the="" key="" cause="" of="" skin="" aging.="" ros="" can="" cause="" the="" oxidation="" of="" lipids="" and="" proteins="" in="" the="" skin,="" resulting="" in="" fibroblast="" degeneration="" and="" changes="" in="" the="" skin.="" ros="" activates="" the="" mapk="" signaling="" pathway="" and="" the="" ap-1="" protein="" to="" upregulate="" the="" expression="" of="" mmps="" and="" promote="" the="" degradation="" of="" matrix="" collagen="" [21].="" although="" the="" antioxidant="" enzymes="" and="" antioxidants="" in="" the="" body="" can="" remove="" ros="" to="" protect="" the="" skin="" from="" damage,="" when="" the="" content="" of="" rosexceeds="" the="" defense="" (antioxidant)="" ability="" of="" the="" body="" or="" the="" body's="" defense="" ability="" declines,="" it="" causes="" oxidative="" stress="" and="" skin="">

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov cellular inflammatory teb tshwm sim los ntawm ROS kuj pab rau cov tawv nqaij laus. Tom qab UV thiab D-galactose kev kho mob (M pawg), cov ntsiab lus ntawm IL-1 hauv daim tawv nqaij ntawm nas tau nce ntau dua piv rau qhov hauv pawg N (Daim duab 3D), qhia tias daim tawv nqaij pom cov lus teb tseem ceeb. (p<0.05). the="" cps="" significantly="" reduced="" the="" content="" of="" il-1α="" in="" the="" skin="" in="" a="" dose-dependent="" manner,="" compared="" to="" that="" in="" the="" skin="" of="" mice="" in="" the="" m="" group.="" there="" was="" a="" significant="" difference="" between="" hcps="" and="" lcps=""><0.05), indicating="" that="" cps="" alleviated="" skin="" inflammation.="" the="" o2="" produced="" by="" ultraviolet="" irradiation="" stimulated="" the="" expression="" of="" mmp-1="" in="" dermal="" fibroblasts="" through="" the="" secretion="" of="" il-1α="" and="" il-6,="" thereby="" disrupting="" the="" ecm="" [33].="" therefore,="" this="" study="" suggested="" that="" cps="" significantly="" increased="" the="" activity="" of="" skin="" antioxidant="" enzymes="" and="" inhibited="" inflammatory="" responses,="" which="" might="" be="" important="" in="" delaying="" skin="" aging="" in="">

3.4.Mechanism of Action of Dietary CPs in Alleviating Skin Aging

3.4.1.Analysis thiab validation of RNA-Seq Data

Analysis techniques, such as PCA, HCA, gene GO enrichment, and KEGG pathway enrichment were used to analyze the transcriptome data. Based on the PCA analysis (Figure 4A)and hierarchical clustering analysis (heat map)of 4303 differential genes with average channel strength greater than 100, the relative expression levels of total DEGs between the two treatment groups are shown to provide an overview of the changes in gene expression(Figure 4B).The M group and the HCP group were significantly separated, and the expression patterns of most DEGs in the M and HCP groups were opposite, indicating that there were significant differences between the mouse skin after HCP treatment and the M group(Figure 4A,B).Pairwise comparisons showed that after feeding HCPs, 4303 genes were significantly expressed in the mice's skin, including 1790 upregulated genes and 2513 downregulated genes(Foldchange>2,p<0.05)(figure 4c).among="" the="" six="" genes="" associated="" with="" skin="" aging="" quantified="" by="" qrt-pcr,="" five="" genes(including="" fos,="" jun,="" cxcl1,="" and="" egr1)were="" downregulated,="" and="" one="" gene="" was="" upregulated(figure="" 4d),="" which="" was="" consistent="" with="" the="" overall="" trend="" of="" transcriptomic="" data.="" the="" rna="" expression="" levels="" of="" fos,="" jun,="" and="" cxcll="" were="" significantly="" upregulated="" in="" damaged="" skin="" compared="" to="" that="" in="" intact="" skin="" [34],="" and="" inhibition="" of="" egr1="" expression="" alleviated="" skin="" inflammation="" [35].="" these="" results="" reflected="" the="" reliability="" of="" transcriptome="" sequencing="" data,="" and="" oral="" cps="" effectively="" alleviated="" skin="">

Kev tsom xam ntxiv thiab KEGG database enrichment tsom xam muab kev txhawb nqa ntxiv rau kev tshawb nrhiav kev lom zem ntawm DEGs. GO tsom xam pom tias DEGs tau ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv cov txheej txheem lom neeg xws li DNA rov ua dua, kev tswj hwm ntawm hemopoiesis, kev tswj hwm ntawm hydrolase kev ua si, thiab cytokine ntau lawm; nyob rau hauv cov khoom ntawm tes, uas suav nrog lytic vacuole thiab lysosome, collagen-muaj thiab lwm yam noob caj noob ces tau nce ntxiv; nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm molecular muaj nuj nqi, receptor-ligand kev ua ub no, cytokine kev ua si, thiab lwm yam noob caj noob ces muaj nuj nqis (Daim duab 5). KEGG enrichment tsom xam ntawm thawj 20 lub teeb liab txoj kev hloov pauv los ntawm DEGs yog pom hauv daim duab 5. Cytokine-receptor kev cuam tshuam, lysosome, neuroactive ligand-receptor kev sib cuam tshuam, cell voj voog, kab mob lupus erythematosus, thiab TGF- pathway(p<0.05)were closely="" related="" to="" aging,="" especially="" cytokine-receptor="" interactions,="" lysosomes,="" and="" tgf-βsignaling.="" an="" important="" feature="" of="" cellular="" senescence="" is="" the="" accumulation="" of="" damaged="" organelles="" and="" protein="" aggregates.="" lysosomes="" play="" an="" important="" role="" in="" degrading="" damaged="" organelles="" and="" protein="" aggregates="" in="" senescent="" cells="" [36].="" cytokine-receptor="" interaction="" is="" the="" main="" pathway="" of="" enrichment="" in="" the="" skin="" after="" being="" affected="" by="" various="" factors="" such="" as="" inflammation="" [37],="" sulfur="" mustard="" exposure="" [38],="" and="" terahertz="" pulse="" [39].="" cytokines,="" as="" small="" molecular="" proteins="" synthesized="" and="" secreted="" by="" various="" tissue="" cells,="" maintain="" skin="" homeostasis="" by="" controlling="" the="" balance="" between="" keratinocyte="" proliferation,="" differentiation,="" and="" apoptosis="" through="" complex="" interactions="" with="" growth="" factors="" [40].="" the="" tgf-β="" signaling="" pathway="" is="" also="" important="" for="" regulating="" skin="" aging="" [14].="" gene="" functional="" enrichment="" analysis="" showed="" that="" tgf-β="" was="" highly="" expressed="" during="" cytokine-receptor="" interaction="" and="" in="" the="" tgf-β="" signaling="" pathway.="" tgf-β="" is="" a="" major="" pro-fibrotic="" cytokine="" that="" regulates="" cell="" differentiation="" and="" proliferation="" while="" inducing="" extracellular="" matrix="" protein="" synthesis="" [41.="" therefore,="" we="" verified="" the="" tgf-β="" signaling="" pathway="" and="" some="">

3.4.2. Kev pov thawj ntawm Mechanism of Action of CPs in Alleviating Skin Aging

Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas lub luag haujlwm ntawm TGF- taw qhia txoj hauv kev thiab cytokine-receptor kev sib cuam tshuam hauv kev txo cov tawv nqaij laus los ntawm qhov ncauj CPs, WB kev tshuaj xyuas tau ua los txheeb xyuas TGF- thiab qhov hloov pauv Smad2/3 hauv TGF- signaling pathway, nrog rau qhov tseem ceeb. transcription factor AP-1(c-Fos thiab c-Jun) uas tswj cytokines. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm MMP-1, MMP-3, Hom I pro-collagen, thiab kuv-1 tau txiav txim los ntawm ELISA. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm WB kev tshuaj xyuas pom tau tias qhov kev qhia ntawm TGF- , Smad2, thiab Smad3 hauv pawg M tau qis dua li hauv pawg N (p.<0.05). the="" expression="" levels="" of="" tgf-β="" and="" smad3="" were="" significantly="" higher="" in="" mice="" after="" the="" oral="" administration="" of="" cps="" compared="" to="" their="" levels="" in="" group="" m="" mice;="" additionally,="" smad2="" also="" increased="" significantly=""><0.05), except="" for="" in="" the="" lcps="" in="" a="" dose-dependent="" manner="" (figure="" 6).="" on="" the="" contrary,="" the="" expression="" of="" c-fos="" and="" c-jun="" in="" the="" m="" group="" was="" significantly="" higher="" than="" that="" in="" the="" n="" group.="" the="" expression="" of="" c-fos="" and="" c-jun="" in="" the="" cp="" group="" was="" significantly="" lower="" than="" that="" in="" the="" m="" group,="" except="" for="" the="" expression="" of="" c-jun="" in="" the="" lcp=""><0.05), and="" the="" change="" was="" dose-dependent.="" these="" results="" indicated="" that="" the="" tgf-β="" signaling="" pathway="" was="" activated="" and="" ap-1="" was="" inhibited="" after="" feeding="">

AP -1 protein yog ib qho dimeric complex ntawm Jun thiab Fos tsev neeg cov proteins thiab yog ib qho tseem ceeb regulator ntawm daim tawv nqaij o thiab cytokine qhia. Feem ntau, lub complex muaj xws li c-Jun thiab c-Fos qhia tau hais tias lub siab tshaj plaws transcriptional kev ua si nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij [41, A42]. ROS ua rau cov tawv nqaij laus ua ntej ua rau AP-1 cov protein thiab tom qab ntawd tswj cov cytokines hauv qab (xws li IL-1 ), MMPs, thiab TGF- taw qhia txoj hauv kev los ntawm kev sau thiab txhais lus, yog li ua kom cov tawv nqaij laus [43 , 44] ib. Lub TGF- / Smad signaling cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog ib txoj hauv kev ntawm collagen synthesis, thiab Smad transcription factor yog nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm no teeb liab transduction txoj kev. TGF- ua rau phosphorylation thiab ua kom qis qis Smad2 thiab Smad3 los ntawm kev khi rau cov receptor, yog li ua kom cov synthesis ntawm COLI [14].

Tsis tas li ntawd, ELISA cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm MMP-1, MMP-3, thiab IL-l hauv daim tawv nqaij ntawm pawg M tau nce siab dua li hauv pawg N, thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm Hom Kuv pro-collagen tau qis dua (p<0.05). however,="" the="" contents="" of="" mmp-1,="" mmp-3,="" and="" il-1α(figure="" 3d)in="" the="" skin="" after="" oral="" administration="" of="" cps="" were="" significantly="" lower="" than="" those="" in="" the="" m="" group="" (p=""><0.05); type="" i="" pro-collagen="" increased="" significantly,="" and="" all="" the="" changes="" were="" dose-dependent="" with="" cps="" (figure="" 7).="" mmps="" are="" involved="" in="" the="" decomposition="" of="" skin="" collagen,="" il-1α="" shows="" the="" level="" of="" inflammation="" of="" the="" skin,="" and="" type="" i="" pro-collagen="" reflects="" the="" synthesis="" of="" skin="" collagen.="" accumulating="" evidence="" suggests="" that="" the="" role="" of="" the="" jun/ap-1="" protein="" pathway="" has="" also="" been="" proposed="" to="" regulate="" skin="" inflammation="" [40].="" the="" elisa="" results="" showed="" that="" the="" combined="" treatment="" of="" uv="" and="" d-galactose="" caused="" skin="" collagen="" degradation,="" decreased="" collagen="" synthesis,="" and="" caused="" skin="" inflammation,="" leading="" to="" skin="" aging.="" however,="" these="" changes="" were="" reversed="" after="" the="" oral="" administration="" of="">

Ntxiv nrog rau cov txheej txheem saum toj no, hauv txoj kev tshawb no, kev tswj hwm cov noob tom qab kho CP tau ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau hauv txoj kev lysosome, qhia tias CP kev kho mob tau qhib lub lysosome hauv daim tawv nqaij (Daim duab 5). Cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los qhia tau hais tias activated lysosomes clear aggregates thiab elevate lub activation ntawm senescent neural qia hlwb thaum laus [45]. Ntxiv rau qhov no, kev ua haujlwm ntau ntxiv ntawm lysosomes tuaj yeem txo cov concentration ntawm intracellular ROS los tiv thaiv cell dormancy. Ib yam li ntawd, ib qho kev txo qis hauv lysosome muaj nuj nqi tuaj yeem txhim kho intracellular ROSconcentration uas thaum kawg txhawb cell dormancy [46]. Txawm hais tias peb tsis tau txheeb xyuas nws hauv daim ntawv no, cov txiaj ntsig thiab cov ntawv tshaj tawm yav dhau los qhia tau hais tias kev ua haujlwm ntawm lysosomal ua haujlwm yuav yog txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb rau CPs txhawm rau txo cov tawv nqaij laus, thiab peb tseem yuav tsom mus xyuas nws.

Yog li, qhov kev tshawb fawb no tau pom tias kev noj zaub mov CPs tuaj yeem txo cov tawv nqaij laus vim yog UV thiab D-galactose nyob rau hauv cov koob tshuaj. CPs txo cov tawv nqaij laus los ntawm kev txo qis ntawm cov tawv nqaij oxidation, inhibiting kev qhia ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb AP-1(c-Jun thiab c-Fos), ua kom TGF- /Smad signaling txoj hauv kev los txhawb collagen synthesis, inhibiting kev qhia ntawm MMP-1 thiab MMP-3(uas inhibit collagen degradation), thiab inhibiting ntawm daim tawv nqaij mob kom txo tau cov tawv nqaij laus (Daim duab 8). Tsis tas li ntawd, peb cov kev tshawb pom nyob rau hauv tam sim no

4. Cov lus xaus

Hauv cov ntsiab lus, txoj kev tshawb fawb no tau lees paub tias kev noj zaub mov ntxiv ntawm cov nqaij qaib pob txha collagen peptides tuaj yeem txo cov tawv nqaij laus vim yog ultraviolet hluav taws xob thiab D-galactose los ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev, uas suav nrog kev txhawb nqa pro-collagen synthesis, inhibiting collagen degradation, txhim kho daim tawv nqaij antioxidant, thiab inhibiting. mob; Kev txo qis yog koob tshuaj-nyob ntawm CPs. Kev tshawb xyuas ntxaws qhia tau hais tias CPs ua ntej txo qis ntawm daim tawv nqaij oxidation, inhibit qhov kev qhia ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv AP-1(c-Jun thiab c-Fos), thiab tom qab ntawd qhib TGF- /Smad signaling txoj hauv kev los txhawb collagen synthesis, inhibit qhov kev qhia ntawm MMP-1 thiab MMP-3 inhibit collagen degradation, thiab inhibit daim tawv nqaij o kom txo cov tawv nqaij laus ntawm nas. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev ua kom cov lysosomes kuj tseem yog txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb rau CPs kom txo tau cov tawv nqaij laus, uas tsim nyog rau kev soj ntsuam thiab tshuaj xyuas. Cov txiaj ntsig no muab lub hauv paus theoretical rau kev siv collagen peptides kom txo tau cov tawv nqaij laus thiab nthuav dav rau kev siv cov tsiaj los ntawm cov khoom noj hauv cov khoom noj.

Sau Kev Pabcuam: CCdesigned, ntsuas, thiab sau cov ntawv sau; ZXand HT tsim thiab kho cov ntawv sau; YLprovided methodological kev taw qhia; CGand YWreviewed cov ntawv sau. Txhua tus kws sau ntawv tau nyeem thiab pom zoo rau cov ntawv luam tawm ntawm cov ntawv sau.

Kab lus no yog muab rho tawm los ntawm Nutrients 2022, 14, 1622. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14081622 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients