Optimization Of Cistanche-Lingwu Long Jujube Beverage Formulation Los Ntawm Fuzzy Mathematical Sensory Evaluation Combined With Response Surface Method Thiab Nws Cov Kev Ntsuas Antioxidant Activity

Abstract:

Lub Hom Phiaj:Siv Lingwu ntev jujube thiab cistanche ua raw khoom los tsim ib qho dej haus uas muaj qab zib saj thiab nplua nuj khoom noj khoom haus.

Txoj kev:Optimization ntawm cistanche- Lingwu ntev jujube haus formulation los ntawm fuzzymathematical sensory ua ke nrog teb nto, thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawmtag nrho polysaccharide,tag nrho polyphenols,flavonoids, thiabkev ua haujlwm antioxidantnyob rau hauv cov khoom optimized tau txiav txim.

Cov txiaj ntsig:Qhov zoo tshaj plaws piv ntawm cov dej haus tau txiav txim siab los ntawm cov lus teb qhov chaw tsom xam raws li 40% ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntev, 16% ntawm cistanche kua txiv, 6% xylitol, thiab 0.12% ntawm citric acid. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm tag nrho cov polysaccharides, polyphenols, thiab flavonoids ntawm cov dej haus tau npaj raws li cov qauv zoo yog 2.07mg/mL, 0.25mg/mL, thiab 0.09mg/mL, feem. Covtshuaj tiv thaiv antioxidanttshwm simqhia tiastag nrho cov muaj peev xwm antioxidantntawm cov dej haus yog {{0}}.91μmol FeSO4/mL, thiab lub peev xwm tshem tawm ntawm hydroxyl radicaland superoxide anion radical yog 0.7mg VC/mL, thiab 0.112mg VC/mL.

Xaus:Cov dej haus ntawm qhov deb-longjujube optimized los ntawm fuzzy lej kev ntsuas qhov ntsuas thiab cov lus teb saum npoo txheej txheem muaj qhov tseeb thiab qab zib saj, sib haum xeeb aroma, thiab khoom noj khoom haus nplua nuj.

Ntsiab lus:cistanche deserticolalingwu ntev jujube; compound dej haus; polysaccharide; antioxidant kev ua haujlwm

HIGH QUALITY CISTANCHE EXTRACT

Nyem qhov no kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv

Cistanche deserticola YCma.yog perennial parasitic herbaceous nroj tsuag. Nws yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv biologically active cov khoom xyaw, xws li phenylethanol glycosides, polysaccharides, amino acids, flavonoids, alkaloids, thiab lwm yam.daim siab tiv thaiv khoom[1-3] thiab txo cov ntshav lipids. [4], tswj kev tiv thaiv kab mob[5],neurotiv thaiv[6,7]

Nws muaj cov haujlwm ua haujlwm xws li txhim kho pob txha ceev [8], txo qhov qaug zog [9], tshem cov hnyuv, thiab moisturizing plab [10, 11], thiab tseem hu ua "suab puam ginseng".

Xyoo 2022, Cistanche deserticola tau pom zoo los ua tus tswj xyuas cov khoom siv hauv Ningxia ua ob qho tib si zaub mov thiab tshuaj suav tshuaj raws li kev coj noj coj ua, muab lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho thiab siv Cistanche deserticola. Vim Cistanche deserticola muaj cov dej siab thiab qab zib, nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau khaws cia tshiab thiab khaws cia tom qab sau qoob. Nws feem ntau yog qhuav thiab noj. Cov kev cai ntawm kev noj nws yog soaking hauv cawv, ua kua zaub, ua porridge, stewing nqaij, thiab lwm yam, uas cuam tshuam rau cov ntsiab lus thiab saj ntawm cov khoom xyaw nquag. Lingwu changzao (Zizyphus jujuba Mill cv. Lingwu changzao) yog tsim nyob rau hauv Lingwu City, Ningxia, thiab yog ib lub teb chaws geographic indication khoom. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauvpolysaccharides, flavonoids, triterpenes, polyphenols, minerals thiab vitamins [12]

, uas muaj zinc 1.4mg / 100g, hlau 331mg / 100g, vitamin C 642mg / 100g, thiab

Lub npe hu ua "King of Fruits". Hauv cov tshuaj, nws tuaj yeem moisten lub plawv thiab lub ntsws, txo cov hnoos qeev, noj tsib lub hauv nruab nrog cev, thiab muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev kub siab thiab arteriosclerosis [13, 14].

Txawm li cas los xij, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab Lingwu jujube tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus cia thiab tseem muaj kev ua pa siab tom qab sau qoob loo, ua rau cov dej poob thiab softening ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, txo brittleness, degradation ntawm macromolecules, thiab poob ntawm as-ham, uas cuam tshuam rau saj thiab khoom noj khoom haus zoo [ 15-17].

Txoj kev tshawb no siv Cistanche deserticola tshiab thiab Lingwu jujube ua raw cov ntaub ntawv, siv cov lus teb nto thiab fuzzy lej kev soj ntsuam kev soj ntsuam zoo los txhim kho qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm Cistanche deserticola thiab jujube compound dej haus, thiab txiav txim siab lub cev thiab tshuaj ntsuas thiab kev ua haujlwm antioxidant ntawm cov dej haus hauv qab. cov txheej txheem zoo tshaj plaws. Txhawm rau txhawb nqa Cov ntaub ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm Lingwu jujube cov peev txheej thiab kev txhim kho zoo ntawm Cistanche deserticola raws li cov khoom noj khoom haus raw khoom muab theoretical hauv paus.

1 Cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem

1.1 Cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov tshuaj reagents

Lingwu Changzao muaj kev lag luam; Suab puam Cistanche deserticola (tsim nyob rau hauv Yinchuan, Ningxia) Kev sim Base ntawm Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center ntawm Ningxia Academy ntawm Agricultural thiab Forestry Sciences; Citric acid, xylitol, xanthan gum, sucrose fatty acid ester, sodium erythorbate, -amylase (2000U/g), cellulase (100000U/g), pectinase (10000U/g) (tag nrho cov zaub mov) Henan Wanbang Chemical Technology Co., Ltd .; ferrous sulfate, salicylic acid, hydrogen peroxide (tag nrho analytical Pure) Shanghai Guangnuo Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.; Hydrochloric acid (analytically ntshiab) Yantai Shuangshuang tshuaj Co., Ltd.; Glucose (analytically ntshiab) Fufeng Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; Anhydrous sodium carbonate (analytically ntshiab) Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.; Fu Linphenol Chengdu Kelong Tshuaj Co., Ltd.; vitamin C txuj, sodium hydroxide Chengdu Jinshan Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.; pyrogallol Hefei BASF Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

1.2 Cov cuab yeej thiab cov cuab yeej siv

LZ25Easy119 juicer Midea Group Co., Ltd.; JM-L80 colloid zeb Shanghai Noni Lub Teeb Kev Lag Luam Machinery Co., Ltd.; pH -25 pH meter Shanghai Instrument thiab hluav taws xob Scientific Instrument Co., Ltd.; MC-15Lub da dej kub tas li Changzhou Noki Instrument Co., Ltd. ; FJ-200 high-speed dispersing homogenizer Shanghai Benang Scientific Instrument Co., Ltd.; UV-5500H UV spectrophotometer Shanghai Yuanxi Instrument Co., Ltd.

1.3 Txoj kev

1.3.1 Kev npaj cov dej haus sib xyaw

1.3.1.1 Kev npaj ntawm Cistanche deserticola kua txiv

Xaiv cov Cistanche deserticola tshiab uas tsis tau tawg thiab tsis muaj kab mob thiab kab tsuag, yaug kom tshem tawm cov pob zeb, tev thiab nplai, txiav rau hauv nyias slices txog 5 hli nrog rab riam ceramic, thiab blanch hauv boiling dej ntawm 97 degree mus rau 1 { {11}}0 degree rau 5 mus rau 10 feeb. Tom qab txias, ntxiv dej raws li cov khoom-rau-kua piv ntawm 1: 3, tuav thiab zuaj, siv lub tshuab colloid kho pH rau 6.4, ntxiv 0.1% -amylase, enzymatically hydrolyze ntawm 75 degree rau 1 teev; lim nrog 200 mesh gauze tom qab enzymatic hydrolysis spare.

1.3.1.2 Kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm Cistanche deserticola

Cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo=m1 - m2

m3×100%

Hauv cov qauv:

m1-qhov loj ntawm Cistanche deserticola kua txiv tsim, g;

m2-mas g ntawm cov dej distilled ntxiv;

m3-Qhov loj ntawm Cistanche deserticola raw khoom, g.

Nws tau txiav txim siab tias cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm Cistanche deserticola yog 56.37%.

1.3.1.3 Kev npaj ntawm jujube kua txiv

Tshem tawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas tsis muaj pwm thiab tsis muaj rot-dawb, ntxuav lawv, tshem tawm cov tub ntxhais, thiab txiav rau hauv me me pieces tsawg dua 1 × 1cm. Ntxiv dej raws li cov khoom siv-rau-kua piv ntawm 1: 1.5, tom qab ntawd muab tso rau hauv lub tshuab ntaus kom ntaus thiab tawg, tom qab ntawd siv lub tshuab sib tsoo los kho cov pH mus rau 4.{10}}. , ntxiv 0.2% pectinase thiab 0.1% cellulase, enzymatically hydrolyze ntawm 50 degree rau 1 teev, lim los ntawm 200 mesh gauze tom qab tag nrho enzymatic hydrolysis, thiab tso tseg.

1.3.1.4 Kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm Changzao jujube

Cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo=m1 - m2

m-m0

×100%

Hauv cov qauv:

m-qhov loj ntawm jujube, g;

m0-qhov loj ntawm jujube core, g;

m1-Qhov zoo ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo npaj, g;

m2-Qhov loj ntawm cov dej distilled ntxiv.

Nws tau raug txiav txim siab tias cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm Lingwu Changzao yog 63.72%.

1.3.1.5 Kev xa tawm

Ntxiv xylitol, citric acid thiab composite stabilizer (xanthan pos hniav: sucrose fatty acid ester: sodium erythorbate 2: 1: 1) rau cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo sib tov ib zaug thiab do sib npaug.

1.3.1.6 Homogenization

Homogenize cov dej sib xyaw ua ke ntawm 12000r / min rau 2 feeb kom sib tov cov khoom siv sib npaug.

1.3.1.7 Lim

Cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo homogenized yog lim thiab nchuav rau hauv lub khob iav.

1.3.1.8 Sterilization

Siv txoj kev pasteurization, sterilize ntawm 85 degree rau 15 feeb thiab txias.

1.3.2 Kev ua kom zoo ntawm Cistanche deserticola thiab jujube compound dej haus mis ib qho kev sim ntawm ntau Cistanche deserticola kua txiv ntxiv cov nqi (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%) thiab Cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntev ntxiv (20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%), xylitol ntxiv (2%, 4%, 6%, 8 10%, citric acid ntxiv (0.04%, 0.08%, 0.12%, 0.16%, 0.20%)

Ib qho kev sim ib zaug tau ua los txiav txim siab txog cov xwm txheej uas muaj feem cuam tshuam rau qhov kev xav ntawm Cistanche deserticola thiab jujube compound haus.

1.3.3 Teb qhov chaw xeem rau cov mis optimization ntawm Cistanche deserticola thiab jujube compound haus

Raws li qhov kev sim ib zaug xwb, ib qho 4-factor thiab 3- theem teb qhov ntsuas qhov ua kom zoo tshaj plaws tau ua los ntawm kev ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas (Y) raws li tus nqi teb. Cov lus teb ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas thiab qib yog qhia hauv Table 1.

1.3.4 Fuzzy lej kev ntsuas qhov ntsuas ntawm Cistanche deserticola thiab jujube compound haus

Hauv qhov kev sim ib leeg, qhov kev ntsuam xyuas qhov kev xav hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb no tau ua raws li cov qhab nia ntawm cov neeg soj ntsuam.

Tus nqi nruab nrab yog siv raws li qhov ntsuas ntsuas (tag nrho cov qhab nia yog 90); fuzzy yog siv nyob rau hauv qhov kev ntsuam xyuas nto

Txoj kev ntsuam xyuas lej tau siv los ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov zoo ntawm Cistanche deserticola thiab jujube compound haus.

1.3.4.1 Tsim cov txheej txheem teeb tsa thiab cov lus pom

Raws li plaub yam: saj (U1), xim (U2), kev ntxhib los mos (U3) thiab tsw (U4)

Qhov ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas yog qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas ntawm Cistanche deserticola thiab jujube compound haus, uas yog, U=

(Saj U1, xim U2, ntaub so ntswg xeev U3, tsw U4). Zoo heev (V1), zoo

(V2), nruab nrab (V3), thiab pluag (V4) muaj pes tsawg leeg rau txhua yam ntawm Cistanche deserticola thiab jujube compound haus

Cov txheej txheem kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov ntsiab lus, uas yog, V=(zoo V1, zoo V2, nruab nrab V3, tsis zoo V4), kev ntsuas kev xav

Cov qauv ntsuas tus nqi yog qhia hauv Table 2.

Table 2 Fuzzy lej ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas

Table 3 Qhov hnyav faib ntawm txhua yam

1.3.4.3 Tsim cov fuzzy matrix thiab kev txiav txim siab ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas cov txiaj ntsig

Suav cov lej pov npav raws li cov qauv sib txawv, thiab faib cov naj npawb ntawm cov pov npav los ntawm tag nrho cov neeg koom nrog kev ntsuas kev hnov ​​​​lus, 10, kom tau txais cov fuzzy matrix Ai ntawm plaub yam ntawm saj, xim, kev ntxhib los mos, thiab tsw ntawm txhua tus qauv. Raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev hloov pauv fuzzy Yi=R × Ai, qhov twg R yog qhov hnyav thiab Ai yog fuzzy matrix, qhov kev sib raug zoo fuzzy kev ntsuam xyuas tau teeb tsa Yi rau txhua tus qauv tau txais. Thaum kawg, qhov kev ntsuam xyuas kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev sib raug zoo tau muab sib npaug los ntawm cov qhab nia sib thooj ntawm txhua qib (Zoo: 90, Zoo: 70, Nruab Nrab: 50, Tsis Zoo: 30), thiab tom qab ntawd ntxiv ua ke kom tau txais cov qhab nia fuzzy paub meej ntawm txhua tus qauv.

1.3.5 Kev txiav txim siab ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj ntsuas ntawm Cistanche deserticola thiab jujube compound dej haus

Tag nrho cov polysaccharides: txiav txim siab los ntawm anthrone colorimetric method [18]. Tag nrho cov phenols: Folin phenol txoj kev tau siv [19]. Tag nrho cov flavonoids: sodium nitrite-aluminium nitrate xim txoj kev loj hlob tau siv [20].

1.3.6 Kev txiav txim siab ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj ntsuas ntawm Cistanche deserticola thiab jujube compound dej haus

1.3.6.1 Kev txiav txim siab ntawm tag nrho cov peev txheej los ntawm FRAP txoj kev

Xa mus rau txoj kev ntawm Bebzie li al. [21], FRAP tus qauv nkhaus: 1.8mL TPTZ (2,4,6-tripyridyltriazine) ua haujlwm tov ntxiv rau 0.2mL FeSO4 ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv, thiab ntsuas qhov nqus ntawm 593nm. (FeSO4 concentration 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5mmol/L txhais tau tias tus nqi nqus ntawm FeSO4 tus nqi yog 0.02, 0. nkhaus raws li qhov no, thiab tag nrho cov peev txheej ntawm cov qauv yog sib npaug rau FeSO4μmol / L mL txhais tau tias. Ntxiv 1.8 mL TPTZ (2,4, 6-tripyridyltriazine) ua hauj lwm tov rau 0.2 mL ntawm sampling tov, teb ntawm 37 degree rau 10 min, thiab ntsuas tus nqi absorbance ntawm 593 nm. Rov ua qhov kev sim peb zaug rau txhua tus qauv.

1.3.6.2 Kev txiav txim siab ntawm hydroxyl radical scavenging peev xwm

Xa mus rau txoj kev ntawm Yan Shifang li al. [22], ntxiv 6mmol / LFeSO4, 6mmol / L salicylic acid thiab 1mL qauv mus rau lub raj kuaj raws, sib tov sib npaug, thiab tom qab ntawd ntxiv 1mL ntawm 6mmol / LH2O2 tov los pib cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Tom qab 30 feeb nyob rau hauv ib da dej 37 degree, ntsuas tus nqi absorbance. Siv VC raws li cov ntaub ntawv siv, cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia tias VC (mg) sib npaug / mL.

1.3.6.3 Kev txiav txim siab ntawm superoxide anion dawb radical scavenging peev xwm

Siv txoj kev pyrogallol autoxidation, noj 4.5 mL ntawm 50 mmol / L Tris-HCl tsis (pH 8.2), incubate nyob rau hauv 25 degree dej da dej rau 20 min, ces ntxiv 1 mL ntawm cov qauv tov thiab 0.5 mL. 4.5 mmol / L pyrogallol. Cov tshuaj tau hnyav, shaken thiab sib tov, ces muab tso rau hauv 25 degree dej da dej kom hnov ​​​​mob rau 5 feeb. Ntxiv 1 mL ntawm 8 mol / L HCl kom tshem tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab ntsuas qhov nqus ntawm 320 nm. Siv VC raws li cov ntaub ntawv siv, cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia tias VC (mg) sib npaug / ml.

1.3.7 Kev txheeb cais

SPSS software tau siv rau kev txheeb xyuas qhov sib txawv, Keeb Kwm 8.