Khoom noj khoom haus cuam tshuam thiab teeb meem metabolic hauv raum hloov cov neeg tau txais: Etiology, Txoj Kev Ntsuas thiab Kev Tiv Thaiv—Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Ⅱ

7. Hyperuricemia

KTx cov neeg mob muaj feem rauhyperuricemia, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev pheej hmoo ntawm CV teeb meem. Nws tau raug tsim los tias qib uric acid nce nrogtxo eGFR- los ntawm ob qho tib si hloov pauv thiab lub raum ib txwm - uas yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev pheej hmoo ntawm hyperuricemia ib sab ntawm kev kho CsA [68]. Cov qib uric acid yuav tsum tau saib xyuas ib ntus hauv txhua tus neeg tau txais KTx, tab sis tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov uas muajua tsis taus eGFRlos yog tau txais CsA; Kev noj zaub mov tsawg-purine yuav tsum tau qhia. Cov khoom tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj xws li npias, nqaij, thiab nws cov khoom los ntawm cov khoom, nrog rau cov tsiaj los ntawm cov rog, nrog rau cov ntses rog thiab nqaij nruab deg. Dietitians thiab cov kws kho mob feem ntau muab cov neeg mob nrog cov lus qhia ntxaws nrog cov purine load ntawm cov khoom sib txawv [69].

Kev noj ntau ntawm fructose los ntawm cov neeg mobraum tsis ua haujlwm, suav nrog KTx cov neeg mob, ua raunce serum qib ntawm uric acidthiab TG [70]. KTx cov neeg tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo li lean ntawm fructose- thiab cov khoom noj muaj roj cholesterol [31]. Fructose yog cov khoom siv nrov siv hauv kev lag luam khoom noj khoom haus, pom nyob rau hauv feem ntau cov zaub mov tiav; Yog li, thaum pom zoo kev hloov pauv kev noj haus rau cov neeg tau txais KTx, ib tus yuav tsum ceeb toom tawm tsam cov khw muag khoom jams, khoom qab zib, thiab khoom noj txom ncauj.

Nyem qhov no kom paub CISTANCHE rau CKD kev kho mob

8. Macronutrients: Cov lus pom zoo rau KTx

Ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej tau txheeb xyuas cov macronutrient ua ntej thiab tom qab hloov pauv nrog cov txiaj ntsig tsis txaus ntseeg txij li tsis muaj kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv thawj 6 lub hlis [64] mus rau kev noj cov rog ntau ntxiv nyob rau ntawm 3rd thiab 12th lub hlis lub sij hawm cov ntsiab lus [71]. Ib txoj kev tshawb nrhiav hauv Mexico tsom xam cov khoom noj khoom haus nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntev KTx kev soj ntsuam tau pom tias qhov nruab nrab tus neeg tau txais kev noj haus muaj 25% rog, 15% protein, thiab 55% carbohydrates [72]. Polish KTx cov neeg tau txais txiaj ntsig hauv kev soj ntsuam mus ntev feem ntau xaiv cov khoom noj muaj zog xws li khoom qab zib thiab khoom noj txom ncauj, uas tau muab rau lawv qhov nruab nrab ntawm 449 kcal ib hnub. Ntxiv mus, saturated fatty acids suav txog ntau tshaj ib nrab ntawm lawv cov rog tag nrho. KTx cov neeg tau txais txiaj ntsig tau tshaj li cov pej xeem pom zoo ntawm cov protein, cholesterol, qab zib, phosphorus, thiab sodium thaum noj cov fiber ntau tsis txaus, potassium, thiab magnesium [73]. Lwm pab pawg tshawb fawb txuas cov qauv kev noj haus thiab cov kev hloov pauv hauv lub cev muaj pes tsawg leeg rau poj niam txiv neej, koob tshuaj steroid, ncua kev ua haujlwm graft, thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tsis lees paub. Cov poj niam noj cov protein ntau thiab calorie ntau ntau, thiab yog li tau ntsib tom qab hloov pauv qhov hnyav [74]. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li txoj kev tshawb fawb CORPOS, qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub cev hloov pauv tuaj yeem txo qis los ntawm kev hloov pauv kev ua neej, xws li kev ua kom lub cev muaj zog [75].

Cov neeg tau txais KTx tsis muaj cov txheej txheem kev noj zaub mov ruaj khov rau cov uas cuam tshuam nrog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom noj-tshuaj. Feem ntau cov kev txwv thiab cov lus pom zoo tshwm sim los ntawm tus neeg mob comorbid (DM,Cov kab mob CV, thiabntshav siab),metabolic ntshawv siab, thiab ntawm chav kawm graft muaj nuj nqi thiab muaj proteinuria. Kev noj cov protein txhua hnub sib txawv raws li lub sijhawm tom qab KTx, kev ua haujlwm graft, thiab proteinuria.

9. Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Hauv Lub Sijhawm Tom Qab KTx Thaum Ntxov

Hauv thawj 4 mus rau 6 lub lis piam tom qab hloov pauv, cov ntaub so ntswg rov qab ua ke nrog kev ntxhov siab,nce catabolism, thiab cov koob tshuaj ntau ntawm GCSs ua rau muaj protein ntau hypercatabolism. Ib qho khoom noj protein txaus yog tsim nyog rau kev rov zoo sai, kho qhov txhab, thiab tsis tshua muaj kev kis kab mob. Yog li ntawd, thaum ntxov post-KTx lub sij hawm rov qab los. Lub hom phiaj txhua hnub noj cov protein ntau ntawm 1.2 mus rau 2 g / kg ntawm lub cev qhov hnyav [71,76]. Raws li kev poob phaus tsis yog qhov ua kom pom tseeb, cov calories kom tsawg yuav tsum poob ntawm 30 thiab 35 kcal / kg ntawm lub cev hnyav / hnub [76], 50-70% ntawm cov khoom tau los ntawm carbohydrates.

Vim tias cov tubular reabsorption qis thiab tsis muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm cov parathormone siab, hypophosphatemia tshwm sim hauv thawj ob peb lub lis piam tom qab KTx [77]. Nyob rau thaum ntxov post-KTx lub sij hawm, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los saib xyuas cov ntshav phosphorus hauv ib lub lim tiam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob uas muaj kev txhim kho sai sai, vim lawv yuav xav tau cov khoom siv phosphate lossis txawm tias qhov ncauj ntxiv [78,79]. Thaum lub sijhawm hloov pauv thaum ntxov, muaj kev nyiam rau hyperkalemia. Hyperkalemia feem ntau yog ib qho kev mob tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj; 5 mus rau 40% ntawm cov neeg mob kho nrog CNIs tsim hyperkalemia [79]; Lwm cov tshuaj muaj xws li ia sulfamethoxazole nrog trimethoprim, -blockers, thiab heparin. Yog tias hyperkalemia tshwm sim (feem ntau hauv cov neeg mob uas muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo), kev noj cov poov tshuaj yuav tsum raug txo kom tsawg li 3 g / hnub [80], ib zaug lwm yam kev hloov pauv ntawm hyperkalemia xws li metabolic acidosis, uas yog tshwm sim thaum ntxov post-KTx lub sijhawm, tau raug tshem tawm. Yog tsis muaj kev phais contraindications, cov khoom noj hauv qhov ncauj nrog rau cov khoom noj khoom haus yuav raug qhia 2-3 hnub tom qab tus txheej txheem. Kev noj zaub mov nkag los yog parenteral yuav tsum raug txiav txim siab yog xeev siab, ileus, lossis ntuav ntuav tiv thaiv qhov ncauj noj rau ntau tshaj 5 hnub [2].

Mob plab hnyuv, dyspepsia, thiab raws plab yog feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov lub lis piam tom qab hloov. Cov no feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, feem ntau yog mycophenolate mofetil thiab TAC. Yog li, los ntawm peb qhov kev kho mob, cov khoom lag luam suav nrog lossis raws li cov mis nyuj, nrog rau cov nplua nuj fiber ntau, yuav tsum raug cais tawm kom tsis txhob muaj kev ntxhov siab ntxiv ntawm plab hnyuv. Hloov chaw, kev noj zaub mov yooj yim digestible yog nyiam. Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li hyperglycemia feem ntau pom, kev noj tshuaj monosaccharide raug txwv.

Cov neeg tau txais kev noj qab haus huv lub cev nyob rau theem pib tom qab KTx yog txwv los ntawm lawv cov kev ua haujlwm qis los ntawm lub sijhawm lim ntshav, theem tom qab kev ua haujlwm ntxov thiab nquag ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws, ntshav tsis txaus, kua dej ntau dhau, thiab kev cuam tshuam cov ntxhia hauv cov dej [81,82]. Thaum tsis muaj contraindications, cov neeg mob yuav tsum tau ua ib qho kev tawm dag zog tsawg kawg 30 feeb tsib zaug hauv ib lub lis piam [83].

10. Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Hauv Lub Sijhawm Ntev tom qab KTx

Cov lus pom zoo rau cov neeg tau txais kev pab nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev tom qab KTx nyob ntawm ntau yamlub raum graft function, kev saib xyuas kev kho mob, suav nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab cov uas twb muaj lawm thiab tshiab comorbidities, nrog rau PTDM, HA, CV kab mob, lipid cuam tshuam, lossis hyperuricemia. Cov neeg mob uas muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab ruaj khov yuav tsum ua raws li cov lus pom zoo tib yam li cov pej xeem. Ib yam li ntawd, lawv tuaj yeem koom nrog tib lub cev ua si uas pom zoo rau lawv lub hnub nyoog thiabnon-lub raum comorbidity nra [84,85]. 

Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej tau pom tias lub cev ua haujlwm ntawm KTx cov neeg txais tau nce mus txog 30% thiab mus txog toj siab tom qab thawj 12 lub hlis tom qab [85]. KDOQI pom zoo kom muaj kev siv lub cev muaj zog kom ua tau tsib zaug hauv ib lub lis piam rau 30 feeb. Ntxiv nrog rau cov txiaj ntsig kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub cev, kev tawm dag zog ua haujlwm tuaj yeem txhim kho lub neej zoo [86]. Lawv kuj tseem cuam tshuam rau lipid profile, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qib HDL [81]. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, cov neeg mob yuav tsum raug txhawb kom coj kom zoo dua ntawm cov ntawv thov txawb thiab cov khoom siv uas muaj siab rau kev qoj ib ce txhawm rau txhawm rau taug qab kev nce qib thiab ua kom muaj kev txhawb siab lub hlwb.

Thaum lub sij hawm txij nkawm, qhov pom zoo kom noj txhua hnub rau cov neeg mob KTx yuav tsum yog 25-35 kcal / kg / hnub [2]; Kev hloov kho yuav tsum tau ua kom haum rau cov neeg mob qis lossis rog dhau. Tsis zoo li thawj 4-6 lub lis piam tom qab KTx, kwv yees li 45-5{{10}}% ntawm cov calories noj txhua hnub yuav tsum yog los ntawm carbohydrates [76]. 2020 KDOQI cov lus qhia tsis qhia meej txog cov hom phiaj noj protein rau cov neeg tau txais KTx, tsuas yog xa mus rau CKD thiab ESKD cov pej xeem. Raws li lwm qhov chaw, qhov kwv yees noj cov protein yuav yog {{20}}.6–0.8 g/kg/hnub nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis yog ntshav qab zib thiab 0.8–0.9 g/kg/hnub nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib mellitus [76]. Lwm qhov chaw qhia tias cov neeg tau txais KTx yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 0.75 g / kg / d rau cov poj niam thiab 0.84 g / kg / d rau cov txiv neej kom tswj tau qhov kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab kev noj qab haus huv tag nrho [87]. Raws li KDOQI, peb tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv txaus los tshaj tawm yog tias cov nroj tsuag- lossis tsiaj-raws li cov khoom muaj protein ntau dua thiab yog li nyiam [2]. Cov neeg mob uas muaj ntshav qab zib hom 2 lossis cov uas tsim PTDM yuav tsum xaiv cov carbohydrates nyuaj dua monosaccharides thiab tswj kom muaj fiber ntau. Kev noj fiber ntau txhua hnub yuav tsum yog 25-35 g ib hnub [88]; Qhov no kuj pab tiv thaiv cem quav thiab yog li hyperkalemia, kab mob hloov pauv, thiab diverticulitis.

Vim tias muaj kev pheej hmoo siab thiab muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm dyslipidemia, KTx cov neeg tau txais kev pom zoo kom ua raws li kev noj zaub mov tsis muaj rog, cov roj cholesterol tsawg. Nruab nrab ntawm 30 thiab 35% ntawm calories noj txhua hnub yuav tsum yog los ntawm cov rog tsawg dua 8-10% los ntawm polyunsaturated thiab trans fatty acids, thaum qee qhov chaw qhia tias monounsaturated fatty acids yuav suav txog li 20% ntawm calories txhua hnub [29]. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev noj zaub mov muaj fiber ntau thiab cov roj trans rog tsawg pab tswj cov ntshav qabzib hauv cov ntshav thiab txo TG thiab LDL cholesterol. KDOQI cov lus qhia qhia txog kev noj zaub mov Mediterranean los txhim kho lipid profile.

Raws li kev kub siab arteriosum muaj ntau heev nyob rau hauv cov pej xeem KTx, tshaj 90% ntawm cov neeg tau txais kev pab yuav tsum tau siv tshuaj tiv thaiv hypertensive [89]; HA xav tau kev noj zaub mov tsawg-sodium, qhov pom zoo kom noj ntawm KDOQI cov lus qhia yog 2-3 g / hnub [2].

11. Kev noj zaub mov hauv KTx Population

Thaum cov lus pom zoo ib leeg xa mus rau macro- thiab micronutrients, cov neeg mob noj lawv cov pluas noj tag nrho, thiab yog li, thaum cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov kws kho mob, cov neeg mob xav tau qhov tseeb dua, kev nkag siab zoo, xws li tag nrho cov qauv kev noj haus.

CovTxoj Kev Noj Qab Haus HuvTxhawm rau Tsis Txaus Siab (DASH) tau raug tshawb xyuas raws li kev cuam tshuam muaj txiaj ntsig hauv KTx vim nws cov txiaj ntsig pov thawj ntawm ntshav siab. Cov hauv paus ntsiab lus tseem ceeb suav nrog kev noj zaub mov tsawg thiab kev noj cov protein tsawg thiab ua kom tiav nrog kev zam ntawm cov nqaij liab thiab ua tiav, ua ke nrog kev noj zaub mov ntau ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zaub, tag nrho cov nplej, cov mis nyuj muaj roj tsawg, thiab fiber ntau. Cov qauv no pab txhawb kev noj cov rog tsawg, nrog rau kev nyiam ntawm cov rog monounsaturated tshaj saturated thiab trans rog. Hauv kev tshawb fawb loj ntawm ntau dua 600 KTx cov neeg tau txais, DASH noj cov qauv tau cuam tshuam nrog kev pheej hmoo tsawg dua ntawm kev txo qis kev ua haujlwm thiab tag nrho cov neeg tuag [90]. Hauv cov pej xeem, DASH noj zaub mov tseem ceeb txhim kho cov ntshav siab, tag nrho cov roj cholesterol, thiab LDL cov ntshav hauv cov ntshav.

Ib yam li ntawd, Mediterranean noj zaub mov muaj pov thawj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub raum graft [91]. Nws tsom rau kev npaj zaub mov nplua nuj nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov nplej, zaub, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, noob, txiv ntoo, taum, legumes, thiab txiv roj roj, nrog cov ntses noj ob zaug hauv ib lub lis piam. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm unsaturated fats tshaj cov roj saturated muaj nyob rau hauv cov nqaij liab txo oxidative kev nyuaj siab, mob o, thiab atherosclerosis [92,93]. Vuˇckovi'c et al. tshawb nrhiav cov kev sib txuas ntawm kev ua raws li kev noj haus Mediterranean, lub cev muaj pes tsawg leeg, thiab cov tsos mob ntawm kev nyuaj siab thiab pom muaj kev koom tes ntawm cov leeg nqaij qis thiab cov tsos mob ntawm kev nyuaj siab [94].

Ob qho kev noj haus no zoo li muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tiv thaiv insulin tsis kam, o, oxidative stress, thiab dyslipidemia [93]. Interestingly txaus, 2020 KDQOI cov lus qhia hais txog tsuas yog Mediterranean noj zaub mov raws li lub peev xwm txhais tau tias kev txhim kho lipid profile.

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, kev txaus siab rau cov neeg tsis noj nqaij thiab vegan noj zaub mov tau nce thoob ntiaj teb. Qhov muaj peev xwm zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov nroj tsuag raws li cov protein tau nthuav tawm kev sib cav tsis tu ncua hauv zej zog nephrology [95]. Kev noj zaub mov ntawm cov nroj tsuag pab txo qis acidosis thiab tiv thaiv hyperphosphatemia, vim tias cov phosphorus tau los ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog qhov nyuaj rau nqus mus rau hauv txoj hnyuv. Ntxiv mus, lawv muaj fiber ntau cov ntsiab lus, uas yog tsim nyog los tswj lub plab microbiome. Cov zaub mov muaj fiber ntau pab txo qis kev tsim cov co toxins uas cuam tshuam nrog microbiome thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev rog rog, ntshav qab zib, thiab dyslipidemia. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg mob uas ua raws li cov neeg tsis noj nqaij noj zaub mov muaj kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj hlau tsis txaus; cov mis nyuj thiab qe tsuas yog qhov chaw ntawm vitamin B12; Tsis tas li ntawd, cov nroj tsuag-raws li hlau muaj tsawg bioavailability [96]. Vim muaj ntau yam tshuaj-kev sib cuam tshuam zaub mov, kev saib xyuas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev yog qhov tseem ceeb thaum muaj kev hloov pauv kev noj haus loj.

Vim muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov ntxhia thiab pob txha tsis zoo hauv cov pejxeem, cov neeg tau txais kev pab yuav tsum tau saib xyuas lawv cov calcium kom tsawg; Cov koob tshuaj txhua hnub pom zoo yog 800-1000 mg, tshwj tsis yog hypercalcemia tshwm sim [2], nrog rau kev noj phosphorus ntawm 1200-1500 mg / hnub [71,83].

12. Kev tshuaj xyuas zaub mov

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev noj zaub mov tsis txaus yog kev tshuaj xyuas; Kev ntsuam xyuas ob xyoos ib xyoos yog pom zoo kom pom cov neeg mob uas muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim PEW thiab rog rog [2]. Hauv KTx tau txais, DXA tseem yog tus qauv kub rau kev tshuaj xyuas lub cev muaj pes tsawg leeg; Txawm li cas los xij, skinfold calipers txaus rau lub cev rog ntsuas hauv cov tib neeg tsis muaj edema. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, nws tuaj yeem ua pov thawj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los ntsuas lub cev muaj pes tsawg leeg nrog rau kev ntsuas classic xws li lub cev hnyav thiab BMI ntawm thawj lub sijhawm teem sijhawm thiab saib xyuas lawv txhua lub sijhawm 3 lub hlis hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawm KTx tau txais [2]. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov qhab nia mob plab tsis zoo yuav raug siv; serum biomarkers xws li albumin thiab transthyretin tuaj yeem ua cov cuab yeej ntxiv.

13. Cov lus xaus

Kev tiv thaiv kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv KTx cov pej xeem txhawm rau txo qis kev pheej hmooCov xwm txheej CV, thiabcov teeb meem metabolic, thiab ua kom zoo graft muaj nuj nqi. Ib qho kev qhia dav dav ntawm cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb raucov neeg tau txais kev hloov lub raumyuav tsum tau tsim los pab cov kws kho mob thiab cov kws kho mob noj zaub mov hauv kev muab cov neeg mob nrog kev saib xyuas zoo tshaj plaws.

Tus sau kev koom tes:

MG: Conceptualization, methodology, kev tshawb nrhiav, kev sau ntawv-kev npaj ua ntej, sau ntawv- tshuaj xyuas thiab kho. IK: Conceptualization, methodology, kev tshawb nrhiav, sau ntawv - tshuaj xyuas thiab kho, saib xyuas. Txhua tus kws sau ntawv tau nyeem thiab pom zoo rau cov ntawv luam tawm ntawm cov ntawv sau.

Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Pom Zoo: Tsis siv tau.

Cov Lus Qhia Muaj Cov Ntaub Ntawv: Tsis siv tau.

Kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kev txaus siab: Cov neeg sau ntawv tshaj tawm tsis muaj teeb meem ntawm kev txaus siab.

Cov ntaub ntawv

1. Kovesdy, CP Epidemiology of Chronic Kidney Disease: Ib Hloov Kho 2022.Raum Int. Suppl.2022, 12, 7–11. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 

2. Ikizler, TA; Burrowes, JD; Byham-Gray, LD; Campbell, KL; Carrero, JJ; Chan, W.; Fouque, D.; Friedman, AN; Ghaddar, S.; Goldstein-Fuchs, DJ; ua al. KDOQI Clinical Practice Guideline for Nutrition in CKD: 2020 Hloov tshiab.Am. J. Raum Dis.2020, 76, S1–S107. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

3. Hwang, JH; Rau, J.; Ib, JN; Kim, CT; Kim, H.; Yaj, J.; Ha, J.; Chaw, DW; Aw, C.; Jung, IM; ua al. Pretransplant Malnutrition, Inflamation, thiab Atherosclerosis cuam tshuam rau cov hlab plawv tom qab lub raum Transplantation Dialysis thiab Transplantation.BMC NPE.2015, 16, 109. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 

4. Fouque, D.; Kalantar-Zadeh, K.; Koob, J.; Cano, N.; Chauvau, P.; Khob, L.; Franch, H.; Guarnieri, G.; Ikizler, TA; Cais, G.; ua al. Daim Ntawv Qhia Nomenclature thiab Diagnostic Criteria for Protein-Energy Wasting in Acute and Chronic Kidney Disease.Raum Int.2008, 73, 391–398. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 

5. Guida, B.; los ntawm Maro, M.; de Lauro, M.; de Lauro, T.; Trio, R.; Santillo, M.; ib. Belfifiore, UA; Memoli, A.; Cataldi, M. Kev txheeb xyuas ntawm Sarcopenia thiab Dynapenia hauv CKD Predialysis Cov Neeg Mob nrog EGWSOP2 Cov Cai: Kev Tshawb Fawb, Kev Tshawb Fawb Hla.Khoom noj khoom haus2020, 78, 110815. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 

6. Turshudzhyan, A.; Inyangetor, D. Uremic thiab Post-Transplant Gastropathy nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob uas muaj kab mob raum thiab mob raum kawg.Cureus2020, 12, e10578. [CrossRef] 

7. McIntyre, CW; Harrison, LUA; Eldehni, MT; Jefferies, HJ; Szeto, CC; John, SG; Sigrist, MK; Burton, YOG; Hlo, D.; Korsheed, S.; ua al. Circulating Endotoxemia: Ib Qhov Zoo Tshaj Plaws hauv Kab Mob Kab Mob thiab Kab Mob plawv hauv Kab Mob Raum.Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.2011, 6, 133–141. [CrossRef]

8. Szczeci ´nska, K.; Wajdlich, M.; Neeb, M.; Neeb, M.; Kurnatowska, I. Cov teebmeem ntawm qhov ncauj Bicarbonate Supplementation ntawm Cov Kab Mob Ntshav Qab Zib thiab Cov Ntshav Qab Zib Cov Cim rau Cov Neeg Mob Raum Mob Tsis Zoo.Tshuaj2022, 58, 518. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

9. Carron, C.; de Barros, JPP; Gaiffe, E.; Deckert, V.; Adda-Rezig, H.; Raub, C.; Laheurte, C.; Masson, D.; Simula-Faivre, D.; Louvat, P.; ua al. End-Stage Renal Disease-Associated Gut Bacterial Translocation: Evolution and Impact on Chronic Inflamation and Acute Rejection after Renal Transplantation.Pem hauv ntej. Immunol.2019, 10, 1630. [CrossRef] 

10. Zarififi, SH; Shadnoush, M.; Pahlavani, N.; Malekahmadi, M.; Firouzi, S.; Sabbagh, MG; Rezaiyan, MK; Islam, SMS; Yahyapoor, F.; Arabi, SM; ua al. Kev noj zaub mov zoo hauv raum hloov cov neeg mob ua ntej thiab 6-Lub hli tom qab hloov pauv: Qhov tshwm sim ntawm PNSI Txoj Kev Kawm.Clin. Nutr. ESPEN2021, 41, 268–274. [CrossRef] 

Kev Pab Txhawb:

Email: wallence.suen@wecistanche.com

Whatsapp / Tel: +86 15292862950

Khw:

https://www.xjcistanche.com/cistanche-shop