Novel Hybrid Biomass Anti-Aging Filler Rau Styrene-Butadiene Rubber Composites Part 1

Thov hu rauoscar.xiao@wecistanche.comyog xav paub ntxiv

Abstract:Antioxidants feem ntau yog siv los txuas ntxiv lub neej kev pab cuam ntawm cov polymers vim muaj zog reducibility ntawm phenolic hydroxyl pawg ntawm cov hindered phenol qauv. Kev tshoov siab los ntawm tus yam ntxwv no, peb tau qhia cov tshuaj yej ntsuab polyphenol (TP) txhawb nqa ntawm silica nto uas muaj cov phenolic hydroxyl pawg kom tau txais cov khoom siv tshiab biomass los tiv thaiv kev laus (BAF, denoted li silica-s-TP) los txhawb thiab txhim kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. -aging khoom ntawm roj hmab composites. Daim ntawv thov ntawm silica-s-TP los txhim kho cov thermal-oxidative stability thiab ultraviolet lub teeb (UV) aging kuj ntawm styrene-butadiene roj hmab (SBR) tau soj ntsuam. Lub hybrid biomass anti-aging muab tub lim yuav tsis tsuas yog uniformly disperse nyob rau hauv cov roj hmab matrix, muab nce mus rau lub zoo heev mechanical zog tab sis kuj txhim khu lub zog ntawm thermal-oxidative stability thiab UV aging kuj nrog cov silica-s-TP cov ntsiab lus ntawm SBR distinctly. . Txoj kev tshawb no muab lub tswv yim me me thiab ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg los npaj kev ua haujlwm biomass muab tub lim, uas tuaj yeem siv tsis tau tsuas yog cov khoom siv ntxiv dag zog tab sis kuj yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev laus hauv "ntsuab roj hmab".

Ntsiab lus:roj hmab composites; anti-aging filler; silica; biomass; tshuaj yej polyphenol; thermostable

1. Taw qhia

Polymeric cov ntaub ntawv kev laus yog ib qho teeb meem tseem ceeb rau nws daim ntawv thov ntev. Polymer aging yog tshwm sim los ntawm tshav kub, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv high kub rau ib ntev lub sij hawm, ntau tshaj ntawm oxygen, tshuaj, thiab ultraviolet (UV) hluav taws xob [1]. Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ua rau cov khoom thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polymeric thiab txwv lawv cov kev siv mus rau qhov zoo. Namely, kev laus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polymeric nyhav rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom siv, ua rau txo qis hauv kev pabcuam lub neej thiab nce kev siv cov peev txheej thiab, nyob rau qee qhov xwm txheej, tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj. Ib qho piv txwv tshwj xeeb yog kev laus ntawm cov log tsheb roj hmab. Diene elastomers, xws li cov roj hmab ntuj (NR), butadiene roj hmab (BR), thiab styrene-butadiene roj hmab, yog ib qho tseem ceeb elastomers hauv kev lag luam niaj hnub [2,3]. Cov saw hlau tseem ceeb ntawm cov roj hmab muaj cov saw tsis zoo thiab cov allyl hydrogen, uas ua rau thermal-oxidative laus thiab molecular saw tawg [4,5]; oxidative kev laus yog feem ntau [6,7].cistanche แอมเวTxhawm rau tiv thaiv oxidative kev laus ntawm cov khoom siv roj hmab thiab ua kom nws lub neej ua haujlwm ntev, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev laus tau siv los tiv thaiv thiab tshem tawm cov dawb radicals. Txawm li cas los xij, qee qhov kev lag luam los tiv thaiv kev laus tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm rau qee qhov, tab sis muaj qee qhov tsis zoo uas txwv lawv daim ntawv thov, xws li kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo antioxidant, tsis muaj zog, thiab yooj yim tsiv teb tsaws. Ntxiv mus, feem ntau cov oxidants yog tshuaj lom thiab yuav ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau tib neeg thiab ib puag ncig [8,9]. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb los nrhiav cov tshuaj uas tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab ntuj los tiv thaiv kev laus.

Thov nias ntawm no kom paub ntxiv

Amine thiab phenolic antioxidants feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov roj hmab los tiv thaiv kev laus [10-13]Piv rau cov amine antioxidant, phenolic antioxidants yog tsim rau cov khoom siv roj hmab uas tsis muaj xim lossis lub teeb xim vim lawv cov yam ntxwv tsis muaj kuab paug thiab tsis muaj xim. Raws li paub zoo, polyphenolic tebchaw thiab phenolics muaj nyob rau hauv ntau cov nroj tsuag, nrog rau tshuaj yej, kas fes, zaub, thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo unripe. Tshuaj yej polyphenols yog cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb hauv cov tshuaj yej ntsuab thiab cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm TPs yog catechins. Cov catechins feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm (-)-epicatechin (EC), (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG), (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), thiab (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li ib yam ntawm biomass, TP yog dav siv los ua antioxidant [13,14], UV tiv thaiv tus neeg saib xyuas, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob [15], tshuaj tua kab mob [16-18], thiab txo cov graphene oxide vim nws siab reactivity ntawm hydroxyl hloov pauv thiab dawb radicals, thiab kev muaj peev xwm scavenging [19]. Yan et al. doped tshuaj yej polyphenols rau hauv polyaniline molecular chains ua ib yam tshiab ntawm npaum dopant thiab thermal stabilizer. Piv nrog cov ntshiab polyaniline, doping TP rau hauv cov saw molecular ntawm polyaniline txhim khu kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov saw ntu thiab txhawb nqa electron delocalization [20]. Guo et al. siv tshuaj yej polyphenol tebchaw los txo graphene oxide kom tau cov tshuaj yej polyphenol txo graphene (TPG). Siv txoj kev ncaj nraim slurry compounding, TPG slurry yog uniformly dispersed nyob rau hauv chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM) los npaj CSM / TPG composite.npaum li cas cistanche cojTxoj kev tshawb nrhiav pom tias muaj kev sib cuam tshuam zoo ntawm CSM thiab TPG, uas ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov khoom siv sib xyaw [19,21]. Tsis tas li ntawd, Guo et al. tau siv tshuaj yej polyphenol tebchaw raws li txo cov neeg sawv cev thiab stabilizers rau functionalize graphene (JPTG), uas yog npaj los ntawm Mannich cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog graphene oxide. Cov roj hmab nitrile / JTPG sib xyaw yog npaj los ntawm txoj kev daws teeb meem acetone, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob conductivity ntawm cov khoom tau zoo heev [22].

Lub inorganic muab tub lim yog ib qho tsim nyog muaj rau cov khoom siv roj hmab kom ntxiv dag zog rau cov roj hmab matrix thiab txo tus nqi. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, ntau cov kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tias silane coupling tus neeg saib xyuas-hloov inorganic muab tub lim tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov tawg ntawm inorganic muab tub lim hauv cov roj hmab matrix [23]. Tsis ntev los no, ib txoj kev tshiab ntawm inorganic muab tub lim qhov chaw hloov kho los ntawm cov tsis tshua muaj molecular hnyav roj hmab additives rau nws nto tau (tsim raws li ib tug zoo mus kom ze kom tau cov combining kev ua tau zoo ntawm rigid muab tub lim thiab roj hmab additives [24]. Piv txwv li, cov ntaub ntawv qhia hais tias. inorganic muab tub lim hloov los ntawm cov roj hmab antioxidants tuaj yeem paub txog homogeneous dispersion ntawm cov muab tub lim thiab txhim kho kev sib txuas ntawm cov roj hmab thiab muab tub lim [25]. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li cov kev tshawb fawb cuam tshuam, muaj cov ntaub ntawv tsawg tsawg ntawm cov tshuaj yej polyphenol-functionalized silica. Tsis tas li ntawd, Cov teebmeem ntawm cov tshuaj yej polyphenol anchored rau ntawm silica nto ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev laus thiab kev txhawb zog ntawm cov roj hmab tsis tau tshaj tawm los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb. Xav txog qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm silica, tshuaj yej polyphenol biomass functionalized silica tuaj yeem muab kev txhim kho zoo dua ntawm cov khoom siv kho mob kawg thiab antioxidant. cov teebmeem ntawm roj hmab nanocomposites.

Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no, ib yam tshiab ntawm TP-hloov silica (silica-s-TP) raws li ib tug biomass anti-aging muab tub lim, es tsis txhob ntawm cov pa organic anti-aging additives, tau nkag mus rau lub SBR matrix rau ib txhij txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm thermo- oxidative aging thiab mechanical zog. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm biomass anti-aging muab tub lim rau ntawm kev sib cais, kev sib txuas ntawm lub ntsej muag, cov khoom siv kho tshuab, thiab cov khoom tiv thaiv kev laus ntawm SBR composites tau raug tshawb fawb. Raws li peb xav tau, silica-s-TP tau nthuav tawm cov roj hmab zoo tshaj plaws thiab cov khoom tiv thaiv kev laus uas cov tshuaj amine los yog phenolic roj hmab los tiv thaiv kev laus nrog cov ntsiab lus sib npaug ntawm cov muab tub lim vim qhov zoo ntawm cov muab tub lim thiab biomass los tiv thaiv kev laus los ntawm cov chemical bonding ntawm silica thiab TP.dab tsi yog cistancheLub hom phiaj ntawm txoj haujlwm no yog los npaj ib qho tshiab hybrid biomass muab tub lim uas tuaj yeem siv los ua ib yam khoom tsis muaj tshuaj lom los tiv thaiv kev laus nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo heev thiab txhawb zog rau kev lag luam "green rubber" kev lag luam.

2. Kev sim

2.1.Cov khoom siv

SBR (1502) yog tsim los ntawm Guangzhou Institute of Rubber Products, Guangzhou, Suav. Tshuaj yej polyphenol (TP) tau txais los ntawm Shenzhen Shanghai Bioengineering Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Suav. Pristine silica (FINE-SIL 518) nrog thaj chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm 200-220 m² / g tau yuav los ntawm Huiming Chemical Co., Ltd., Jiangxi, Suav teb. Cov activators xws li stearic acid (SA) thiab zinc oxide (ZnO), accelerator N-cyclohexyl benzothiazole-2-sulphenamide (CBS), thiab vulcanization insoluble sulfur (S) yog cov khoom lag luam qib thiab siv raws li tau txais. Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL), thiab cov ethanol kiag li yog analytical reagents thiab siv raws li tau txais.

2.2. Kev npaj ntawm Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Biomass Anti-Aging Filler

Txoj kev sib txuas ntawm biomass los tiv thaiv kev laus muab tub lim (silica-s-TP) tau pom nyob rau hauv daim duab 1. Silica-s-TP tau npaj los ntawm ib txoj kev me me thiab ib-kauj ruam. 15.0g silica tau ntxiv rau 500 mL peb-caj dab dej thiab sib cais hauv 300 mL kiag li ethanol, thiab tom qab ntawd 1g TP thiab ob peb tee ntawm DBTDL tau ntxiv rau hauv qhov raug ncua. Tom qab nplawm ntawm 50 degree rau 11 h, qhov sib tov tau lim thiab ntxuav nrog ethanol rau 4 zaug. Tom qab ntawd, cov khoom tau qhuav hauv qhov cub nqus ntawm 80C kom qhov hnyav tas li.

2.3.Kev npaj ntawm SBR/Silica-s-TP Composites

SBR composites npaj los ntawm kev sau cov ntsiab lus sib txawv ntawm silica thiab silica-s-TP fillers tau tov nrog activator, accelerator, thiab vulcanization ntawm chav tsev kub rau 10 min los ntawm ob-yob zeb, feem. Cov khoom ntawm SBR/silica-s-TP composites yog teev nyob rau hauv Table 1. Cov composites muaj npe SBR/ST-x, qhov twg x txhais tau tias x phr ntawm silica-s-TP. Tom qab ntawd, cov khoom sib xyaw npaj tau kub-nias ntawm 160 degree rau lub sijhawm kho kom zoo. Tom qab ntawd, cov qauv raug nias-kho rau 1 hli tuab daim ntawv ntawm 160 degree thiab txiav rau hauv cov duab ntawm dumbbell A qauv.

2.4.Cwj pwm

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) kev ntsuam xyuas tau ua tiav ntawm Thermo Fisher Scientific ESCALAB250 XiXPS (Thermo Fisher Scientific Company, Waltham, MA, USA). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy tau txais los ntawm Bruker Vector 33 FTIR spectrometer (Bruker Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, Suav) hauv thaj tsam ntawm 4000 cm-l txog 400 cm-1. Thermogravimetric tsom xam (TGA) tau ua nyob rau hauv NETZSCH TG209F1 (NETZSCH Group, Selb, lub teb chaws Yelemees) los ntawm 30 degree mus rau 800 degree los ntawm 10 degree / min thiab nyob rau hauv lub Nz cua. UV-VIS absorption spectra ntawm cov qauv tau txais nrog Lambda 35 spectrometer (Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA, USA), thiab cov qauv tau tawg mus rau hauv dej deionized. Merlin scanning electron microscope (SEM)instrument(ZEISSCo.Ltd., Jena, Lub teb chaws Yelemees) tau siv los soj ntsuam cov morphology ntawm cov muab tub lim dispersion nyob rau hauv cov pob txha nto ntawm cov roj hmab matrix. Cov yam ntxwv vulcanization ntawm SBR compounds tau ua nyob rau hauv rotors rheometer UR-2030(U-CAN DYNA TEX INC., Taipei, Taiwan).muab cistancheKev kuaj kua muag thiab tensile tau ua ntawm U-CAN UT-2060 ntsuas (U-CAN DYNA TEX INC., Taipei, Taiwan) raws li tus qauv ISO 37-2005. Lub crosslink ntom ntom ntawm cov qauv ntsuas tau ntsuas los ntawm txoj kev sib npaug o raws li tau tshaj tawm yav dhau los [25].bioflavonoidsLub dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) tau ntsuas nrog TA Q800 dynamic mechanical analyzer (TA Instruments, Shanghai, Suav teb) los ntawm -80 degree mus rau 80 degree los ntawm 2 degree / min. Rau kev kuaj kev laus ntawm UV, SBR composites tau muab tso rau hauv lub tshuab kuaj UV laus (Dongguan Zhenglan Precision Instruments Co., Ltd., Dongguan, Tuam Tshoj) rau 1,2, thiab 3 d ntawm 50 degree. UV hluav taws xob siv yog 0.83 W / m².

Cov iav hloov ntawm qhov zoo nkauj SBR thiab SBR / silica-s-TP composites tau kuaj pom los ntawm NETZSCH DSC204F (NETZSCHGroup, Selb, Lub teb chaws Yelemees). Ua ntej, cov composites yog isothermal ntawm -80 degree rau 5 min thiab ua raws li cua sov rau 30 degree ntawm tus nqi ntawm 10 degree / min nyob rau hauv ib tug Nz ntws. Tom qab ntawd, qhov kev sim ntsuas tau raug muab rau cov kauj ruam muaj peev xwm kub △Cpn thiab qhov hnyav ntawm cov immobilized polymer txheej Xim [26-28]. △ Cpn thiab Xim raug xam raws li nram no:

qhov twg ACpo thiab △Cp yog lub peev xwm kub dhia ntawm lub iav hloov pauv cheeb tsam ntawm unfilled thiab puv polymer composites [29-31]. w yog qhov hnyav ntawm qhov muab tub lim hauv cov khoom siv roj hmab.

Kab lus no yog muab rho tawm los ntawm qhov twg ACpo thiab △Cp yog lub peev xwm kub dhia ntawm lub iav hloov pauv cheeb tsam ntawm unfilled thiab puv polymer composites [29-31]. w yog qhov hnyav ntawm qhov muab tub lim hauv cov khoom siv roj hmab.